Comparative Study of Alienation Views of Marx and Fromm [马克思和弗洛姆异化观点的比较研究], Basic Principles of Marxism, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 2013.[application of Fromm's theories to art]

  • 马克思的异化理论在20世纪得到重视,并引发了东西方学者对于现代社会各种弊病的诸多思考,而弗洛姆作为一个人道主义学者,自始至终都非常关注人的异化问题。但是,由于学术背景和所处时代的不同,马克思与弗洛姆在异化问题上的阐述方式有很大的差异,这使得对两者的异化观点进行准确的比较成为极具挑战性的事情。而在商品经济高度繁荣却又危机深重、人类生活水平不断提升却又面对着愈发严重的全球问题的今天,对人的生存状况进行反思是使我们得以保持谨慎态度的重要途径。马克思与弗洛姆分别从人的外部世界的生活实践角度和人的意识领域的心理规律角度对异化的产生、发展和前景进行了考察,这为我们揭示了异化的原理。两者不同之处在于,马克思的劳动异化是建立在人的矛盾本性对象化表现的层面,而弗洛姆的心理异化是建立在人的矛盾本性的反思性体验层面的。马克思认为劳动的历史展开过程也就是异化的现实发展过程,因此他从分工和私有制两个角度分析了这一过程,而弗洛姆将理性或自我意识当做人之为人的本质特征,认为理性使人渴望独立并在独立中体会孤独,所以,健全人的理性是人摆脱内在束缚从而达到积极自由的唯一途径。整体而言,弗洛姆对马克思关于人的社会属性的观点的接受和继承使两者的异化观点有了一个共同的前提,也使得对两者观点进行比较成为可能。但是弗洛姆在对异化的现实根源进行分析并作出消除异化之途径的表述时,却由于学科倾向而部分地重归唯心思路了。可以说,对两者的理论进行比较可以得到形而上与形而下以及理想与现实的统一。
  • Marx’s alienation theory gets more attention in the twentieth century and it raised many thinking among scholars of East and West. As a humanitarian scholar, Fromm was always been very concerned about the alienation of people. But, because of the different academic background and era background, Marx’s expression approach on alienation question is very different with Fromm. This makes accurate assessment of both the views of alienation becomes very challenging. At the present, commodity economy is very prosperous and human life level rising constantly, meanwhile, crisis and global problem become increasingly serious. Reflect on the plight of the people is a important way to retain the cautious attitude. - Marx and Fromm both investigate the beginning, development and prospect of alienation from different views, which are about people’s living practice in external world and human’s sense and psychological regularity. They have suggested the basic theory of alienation for us. The difference between them is that Marx analyzed labor’s alienation from the side of human contradiction nature’s objective expression and Fromm analyzed the psychological alienation from the side of human’s contradictive character and introspection. Marx believed that the process of labor’s historic expansion is also the real generation of alienation, so Marx analyzed the process from labor division and private property. But Fromm believed that rationality and self-awareness compose human’s essential feature, and it is rationality itself urges human of independence and feeling lonely in the independence mode, so the only way to breaking through inner bondage and acquire the positive freedom. - On the whole, Fromm accept and carry forward Marx’s view about the social nature of human which is the common ground of Marx’s and Fromm’s views of alienation, and that make it possible to compare their points of view. But when Fromm analyzed the real roots of the alienation and explained the way to eliminate the alienation, he partly returned to the idealism for the inclination on knowledge. So, compare the views of Marx and Fromm can acquire the union of operation and direction, ideal and reality.

Export metadata

Additional Services

Share in Twitter Search Google Scholar
Metadaten
Author:Jun Liu
Document Type:Articles
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2013
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Liu_Jun_2013
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Articles / Artikel
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Articles / Artikel
Licence (German):
Einverstanden ✔
Diese Webseite verwendet technisch erforderliche Session-Cookies. Durch die weitere Nutzung der Webseite stimmen Sie diesem zu. Unsere Datenschutzerklärung finden Sie hier.