Fromm's Humanitarian Ethics and its Implications [弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想及其启示], Master thesis, Ethics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 2010.
- 弗洛姆作为二十世纪著名的心理学家和人道主义伦理学家,他独特的个人经历和当时动荡的社会环境是其人道主义伦理思想产生的前提,他的人道主义伦理思想主要来源于犹太教的伦理思想、马克思和弗洛伊德的理论、巴赫芬的社会理论及禅宗思想。弗洛姆的人道主义伦理思想是以关于人性的知识为基础的,人性是其人道主义伦理思想的理论基石,并且是从精神分析心理学的角度来探讨人性,认为人性就是>人的存在所固有的矛盾<,人性本身没有善恶之分,善恶只是人在满足>存在的需要<时出现的两种潜能,并指出善恶两种潜能存在的地位和实现条件却是不同的,善是>第一潜能<,恶是>第二潜能<,人的善恶潜能的实现主要受到外界社会环境的影响。弗洛姆以人为最高价值,把人的真正自我实现作为其伦理学的主要任务。为此,弗洛姆把>自由<、>爱<、>良心<作为其人道主义伦理思想的主要内容,通过对>自由<、>爱<、>良心<分类及阐述,说明了人的真正自我实现必需具有真正的>自由<、>爱<和>良心<。人为了实现自我,还必需具有完整的人格,弗洛姆从社会化、同化、病理学和价值观四个角度提出了他的性格理论,区分为健康的性格和不健康的性格。人的真正自我实现除了自身应该具备以上这些素质外,从外在条件来看,应该建立一个以人为最高价值的社会,所以,弗洛姆把>健全的社会<作为其人道主义伦理思想的实践旨归。弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想有其意义和贡献,他从新的视角来阐释伦理思想,对精神分析伦理学和西方马克思主义伦理学的发展具有积极意义,但弗洛姆的人道主义伦理思想也有其局限性。同时,弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想为我国当前和谐社会的构建及公民道德建设提供了有益的借鉴。
- Fromm as the twentieth century, the famous psychologist and humanitarian ethicists, his unique personal experience and the prevailing turbulent social environment is generated by its ideological premise of humanitarian ethics, his ideas mainly come from the Jewish humanitarian ethics, ethical thinking, Marx and Freud’s theory, Bahe Fen’s [巴霍芬, Ba huò fēn] social theory and ideology of Zen. Human nature is based on Fromm humanitarian ethics. Human nature is the theoretical foundation of humanitarian ethics, and psychology from a psychoanalytic point of view of human nature, that human nature is >the presence of people inherent contradictions<, nature itself is not good and evil, good and evil is the two kinds of potential for meeting the >existing needs< and pointed out the existence of good and evil are two potential that achieve the status of the conditions are different, good is >the first potential< and evil is >the second potential< ,the realization of human potential for good and evil mainly influenced by external social. Fromm believed that the human has the highest values and the genuine self-realization as its main task of ethics. For this reason, Fromm thinks that >free<, >love<, >conscience< are main content of his humanitarian ethics, through the >free<, >love<, >conscience< categorized and described, it shows the real people self-realization must have a truly >free<, >love< and >conscience<. People also need to have a complete personality to realize themselves, from socialization, assimilation, pathology and values of the four angles, Fromm improves his personality theory and divides into healthy and unhealthy personality character. People really should have their own self-realization in addition to the above these qualities, the view from the external conditions, there should be a maximum value of human society, therefore, Fromm results the >healthy society< as the practice of humanitarian ethics. Fromm humanitarian ethics has its significance and contribution, Fromm explains his ethics from a new perspective, which has positive significance for the spirit of ethics and the development of Western Marxism Ethics, but Fromm’s humanitarian ethics also has its limitations. Meanwhile, Fromm’s humanitarian ethics improves a useful reference for the construction of harmonious society and the civic virtue building in our country.