Humanism: From Marx to Fromm – >Marx's Concept of Man< Commentary [人道主义:从马克思到弗洛姆 - 《马克思关于人的概念》述评], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Peking University, Peking, China 2008, 31 pp.
- 有关人的问题的讨论,在哲学研究中占有重要地位。从某种程度上来说,哲学就是人学。人道主义是人学或哲学思想的一个特殊组成部分。正如弗洛姆等西方学者所指出的,马克思的哲学同样关注人的问题,马克思的思想也包含着人道主义的成分。本文的研究思路是:通过考察马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》等文本,进行相关概念的历史梳理,分析相关概念的流变过程,评述马克思与弗洛姆人学思想的各自特色。本文引言结合西方学者解释马克思的几种模式,考察了有关问题的研究背景与研究进展,并提出本文继续推进研究的主要思路。本文主体部分围绕三个概念展开分析:人的本质、异化、共产主义。第一章对人的本性和本质的概念进行了集中梳理;第二章通过不同语境异化概念使用状况的考察,总结了异化概念的流变过程;第三章通过对共产主义理论与实践的讨论,评价了不同社会改造方案的历史意义。结语试图揭示弗洛姆与马克思在思想上的互补关系。本文在汲取前人研究成果的基础上,继续推进人学思想的相关理论探索:区分了与人相关的概念在不同文本中的不同含义,论述了弗洛姆在何种意义上继承并发展了马克思的人学思想。
- The study on man is an important part in philosophy. Even we can say that philosophy is just the theory of humanity. Humanism or the theory of humanity is a special branch of philosophy. As Fromm and some other western experts said, Marx’s philosophy also includes the thoughts of Humanism, and Marx also has his interest in the subject of man. In this paper, I will clarify different relative concepts and point out how different experts use them in different texts. And I will point out the features of the theory of humanity: both in >Economic and philosophical manuscripts< and >Marx’s Concept of Man<. This paper is based on three fundamental concepts: The Essence of man, Alienation and Communism. The introduction of this paper describes some different ways on the study of Marx, including the background and development of the research.– In the first chapter, I will inquire the concept of Human Essence. The second chapter will make a summary of different meanings of Alienation. And in the third chapter I will inquire the practice and theory of Communism, criticizing different solutions on social problem. By studying and absorbing the achievements of former experts, I will try to make a further research on the subject of man. With the differentiation between these two texts, this paper will distinguish the change of the meanings of above concepts from Marx to Fromm.