The Alienation Characteristic in Merchant Characters of Dickens' Works [论狄更斯作品商人形象的异化特征], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].
- 本文主要选取狄更斯作品中商人形象展开探讨。狄更斯笔下大部分商人形象存在一个共同特征,就是事业的成功却无法带来个人生活的美好结局。他笔下的商人往往是芸芸众生中的强有力者,无论所取得的物质财富或是社会地位都使旁人艳羡,然而却在情感生活和命运归宿上却无法获得幸福,究其原因,与他们人格上的异变有很大关系。弗洛姆则认为,人改造自然和外界的能力在不断增强的同时,心理和情感危机却在持续的加剧,出现了种种的人格异化形态,尤其在资本主义社会更是如此。因此,本文主要采用弗洛姆异化理论切入对狄更斯作品商人形象的分析,以求能够深究其内涵。本文主要由绪论、主体、结语三个部分组成。绪论部分综述了当前国际国内狄更斯研究现状及本文论题的提出及意义,同时对异化理论进行了回溯和介绍。主体部分由三个章节组成,在第一章,本文对狄更斯笔下商人形象体现出的受虐型、舍我型、施虐型以及破坏型的异化特征进行了具体分析,由于受虐型与舍我型人格常交织体现,因此对这两者的阐述是结合进行的;在第二章,本文分析了异化人格形成的个体原因,认为个体在爱与工作活动中创造性能力的缺乏,是导致其人格出现异化的关键因素;第三章中本文对异化的社会原因进行了分析,认为对个体独特性的打压以及虚假理想的培植,是导致异化产生的重要社会因素。在最后的结语部分,本文对狄更斯希望通过其商人形象塑造而传达出的醒世思想和济世理想进行了分析
- This article analyzes the merchant characters selected from Charles Dickens' works. In his works have a common characteristic, in a word: Successful career does not bring happiness. Often have great material wealth and social impacts admired by others, however, their emotional life and fate were invariably failed to bring happiness, mainly caused by their personality alienation. While the ability to change the nature and outside world is continuously increased, the mental and emotional crisis was intensified, producing all kinds of personality alienation, especially in western countries. Therefore, this article uses the theory of alienation of personality from Fromm to analyze the merchants selected from Dickens's novels, hoping to achieve a deep understanding of these characters. This article is composed by three parts, including the introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction presents the current status of researching Dickens, the meaning of the topic, the introduction and review of alienation theory. The body includes three chapters.– Merchants which demonstrate the characteristics of alienation from the abused type, the self- sacrifice type, the abusive type and the destructive type were analyzed in the first chapter. Since the personality of abused type and the self-sacrifice type are often mixed, the descriptions to these two types are combined.– Through the analysis of individual alienation in the second chapter, the author finds that the lack of creativity in love and the ability to work is the key factor for alienating the individual personality.– In the third chapter, the author analyzes the causes of alienation from social impacts, concluding that the suppressing to the uniqueness of individual nature and the cultivation of false ideal are the major social factors contributing to the individual alienation. At the last part, this article analyzes and describes the awakening thought and the ideal of serving society conveyed through the alienation features in Dickens's merchant characters.