An Inquiry into E. Fromm’s Neo-humanistic Ethics – Productive Personality Development as Goal [E.弗洛姆新人道主义伦理思想研究 - 以生产性人格的发展为目标], PhD thesis, Ethics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2008.

  • E.弗洛姆是现代西方著名的人道主义伦理学家。他通过综合K.马克思的宏观社会理论和S.弗洛伊德的微观心理分析理论而建立的新人道主义伦理学体系在西方伦理学发展史上具有独特的理论贡献。人道主义传统、马克思与弗洛伊德的伦理思想、法兰克福学派的社会批判理论、犹太教伦理、禅宗等是弗洛姆伦理思想的主要来源。当代社会和文化中的各种现实问题、矛盾和危机是孕育弗洛姆伦理思想的胚床。为了拯救个人与社会,弗洛姆期望建立一种客观合理、普遍有效的新人道主义伦理学体系,它关注人的全面发展,以人为最高价值。这种伦理学以关于人性的知识为逻辑起点,因此奠定在以完整的人作为研究对象的精神分析心理学基础上。弗洛姆的新人道主义伦理学围绕着生产性人格的发展这一核心目标而展开,主要包括人性论、人格论、社会总体异化论、总体道德变革论(含自我实现论)等方面。在弗洛姆看来,人性植根于人类生存矛盾之中,是人的自然属性和社会属性的统一。人在解决生存矛盾的过程中,产生了独特的精神需要,并且在满足精神需要的方式中展现出善恶两种潜能。人性是普遍,但在不同的社会文化环境下表现为不同的人格。人格由气质和品格组成,品格主要分为生产性定向和非生产性定向两种。个人人格既受社会文化(主要是社会品格)的塑造,又是个人努力的结果。生产性人格是弗洛姆新人道主义伦理学的理想。然而在现代社会中却普遍存在着以非生产性的品格、重占有的生存方式和逃避自由的心理机制为主要特征的非生产性人格。这种病态人格是由病态社会所造成的。现代工业社会,尤其是资本主义社会,在经济、政治、教育、宗教和科技等各个领域都已经异化,从而导致了普遍而严重的人格病态。在批判的基础上,弗洛姆提出总体道德变革的方案,即以人道主义为总原则,在社会各个领域中进行道德变革以消除各种异化,促进人的心理变革和道德更新,并且从塑造生产性人格的内在机制出发,挖掘人的潜能,最终塑造理想人格。弗洛姆的伦理思想内容丰富、观点深刻。他的伦理学理论复兴了人道主义传统;重新确立了理性主义在现代西方伦理思想史上的地位;使精神分析伦理学获得更稳健的发展;为西方马克思主义伦理思想的发展注入了新的内容。弗洛姆的新人道主义伦理思想可以帮助我们深化对>以人为本<原则的认识,并且对解决当前中国若干道德建设问题,包括主体性人格的建构、个人品德的塑造以及社会主义制度伦理的建设均具有重要的参考价值。
  • Erich Fromm is one of the most famous contemporary humanistic ethicists. His neo-humanistic ethics established through synthesizing Karl Marx’s macroscopic social theory and Sigmund Freud’s micros-copic psychoanalysis takes an unique position in the development of western ethics. Fromm’s neo-humanistic ethics finds its theoretical source in the western humanistic tradition, Marx’s and Freud’s ethical thoughts, social critical theory of Frankfurt school, Judaist ethics, Zen Buddhism, and so on; and places its practical foundation in all kinds of realistic problems, contradictions and crises in the contemporary society and culture. To save individuals and the whole society, he attempted to establish a neo-humanistic ethical system with objective rationality and universal validity which pays much attention to the overall development of human being and sees the highest value in human being. This kind of ethics has the knowledge of human nature as its logical starting point, and is thus based on the psychoanalysis which takes hold of man in whole as its object. Focusing on the development of productive personality, Fromm’s neo-humanistic ethics consists mainly in the theory of human nature, of personality, of total social alienation, of total moral revolution (including the theory of self-realization).– Fromm believes that human nature has its root in the contradictions of human existence and is the unity of man’s natural and social attributes. During the settlement of existential contradictions, man brings forth special spiritual needs, and then shows both good and evil potential in the ways to meet the spiritual needs. Human nature is universal, but embodies itself in different kinds of personality within different social cultural system. Personality is composed of temperament and character, and character is mainly divided into productive and nonproductive orientation. Individual personality is molded both by social culture (mainly social character) and by individual efforts. The productive personality is the ideal of Fromm’s neo-humanistic ethics. However, there widely exists non-productive personality which is characteristic of the non-productive character, the existential pattern of having preference, and the mental mechanism of escaping from freedom. This kind of sick personality is caused by the sick society.– The modern industrial society, especially the capitalist society, is alienated in such fields as economy, politics, education, religion and science & technology, which has led to the universal and serious sickness in personality. Based on his social critique, Fromm proposed a plan of total moral revolution, that is, taking humanism as the general principle, carrying out moral revolution in various social fields to remove all sorts of alienation, and improving human mentality and morality, at the same time, developing human potentials in the view of molding the inner mechanism of productive personality and finally shaping an ideal personality. Fromm’s ethics is abundant and profound. His theory revived western humanistic tradition, re-established the status of rationalism in the history of contemporary western ethics, promoted the sound development of psychoanalytical ethics, and refreshed western Marxist ethics. Fromm’s neo-humanistic ethics is perfectly helpful for us to deepen our understanding of the >people oriented< principle, and is highly referential for present-day China to settle some problems of moral construction, including the shaping of subjective personality, the cultivation of individual moral character, and the construction of socialist institutional ethics.

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Metadaten
Author:Zhiwei Deng
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2008
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Deng_Zhiwei_2008b
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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