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A Study of Alienation in >Olive Kitteridge< [《奥莉芙•基特里奇》的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art].

  • 伊丽莎白•斯特劳特是当代美国文坛著名的一位女作家,她的一生创作了多部小说。2008年,斯特劳特发表了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》,该小说入围了2008年美国国家书评人协会奖,后来成为《纽约时报》的畅销书,也使得她一举拿下2009年的普利策奖和意大利Premio Bancarella奖。之后,这本小说被HBO改编成了电视剧,获得了第67届艾美奖13项提名。《奥莉芙•基特里奇》无疑是一本十分成功的小说。但国内外对该小说的研究并不多,且大多数研究都侧重于女性主义,荒诞主义,心理分析等视角。斯特劳特精于描写平凡小镇的平凡人物,但在平凡人物关系中,却或多或少的存在着冷漠、疏离与孤独。因此,本论文运用弗洛姆的异化思想,从四个方面解读《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中的异化现象。本论文分为三个部分,分别是:引言、主体、结语三个部分。引言部分概述了伊丽莎白•斯特劳特的生平和她的所有作品,综述了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》在国内外的研究。其次,本论文研究了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中异化现象的原因,同时介绍了弗洛姆的生平以及异化思想。主体分为四章。第一章解读了小说中情感的异化,这种异化主要表现在两个方面。异化的情感首先表现为偶像崇拜式的爱,在恋爱关系中,一方把另一方当作>偶像<一样崇拜,以至于在爱的人身上丢失了自己;其次表现为夫妻各自的婚外情,这种婚外情主要是由于婚后沟通能力的丧失,夫妻间对婚内生活的不满以及受到性欲望的诱惑造成的。第二章侧重分析了父母与孩子关系的异化,这在小说中表现在三个方面。首先体现在上一代父母亲的自杀给孩子的内心造成了严重创伤,导致孩子长大后精神失常或者性格有缺陷而想要自杀。其次,这种异化还表现在父母对孩子的异化权威。父母过度控制地孩子的生活,导致孩子人格的不完整以及心理疾病的出现。最后,父母与孩子关系的异化还导致了孩子的父母亲情结。孩子在的成长过程中,难以摆脱父母形象,既想要赶紧脱离父母的力量,又想找一个和父母形象、性格等相似的人相伴终身。此外,父亲情结还会导致孩子的过度自我压抑和顺从;具有母亲情结的人则会过分依附于他者,无法获得健全生活。第三章介绍了小镇人的异化,这种异化主要是由机械式生活,与他者疏远以及自我身份的不确定导致的。单调的生活使得小镇人变得麻木,冷漠,如同机器一般。小镇人对他者漠不关心,有的甚至疏远他人,过起了与世隔绝的生活,俨然变成了隐士。第四章主要指出了通往健全生活的方式。健全的生活需要创造性的爱,爱是个体存在的最基本需求,也是通往健全生活的必要条件。另外,人需要定位坐标来界定自我身份。满足个体定位坐标需要客观地看待世界;同时也需要感性地与世界相连。此外,人需要与他者关联,摆脱内心的孤独与压抑。结语部分概括了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中的异化表现,指出了小说文本与异化理论结合的意义。通过对小说中异化的研究,读者能从全新的视角理解本小说。此外,小说中的异化也是现实世界异化的缩影,折射出人与人之间普遍存在的异化现象,而对通往健全之路的分析则有利于改善人与人之间的异化。
  • Elizabeth Strout is one of the most famous contemporary woman writers in America, and she has written many novels in her life. In 2008, Strout published >Olive Kitteridge<, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the Premio Bancarella Award. In addition, it was also a finalist for the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award and later became a New York Times bestseller. Later, >Olive Kitteridge< was adapted into TV series by HBO and won 13 nominations for the 67th Emmy Award. >Olive Kitteridge< is undoubtedly a very successful novel. However, there are not many studies and researches on this novel both at home and abroad. Most of the existing studies and researches focus on perspectives of feminism, absurdism and psychoanalysis. Strout is specialized in depicting ordinary people with more or less indifference, alienation and loneliness in ordinary towns. Therefore, this thesis uses Fromm’s alienation theory to interpret the phenomenon of alienation from four aspects in >Olive Kitteridge<. The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, the main body and conclusion. The introduction part outlines the life of Elizabeth Strout and all her works, and summarizes the researches on >Olive Kitteridge< at home and abroad. Then the introduction part shows the significance of the analysis of alienation in >Olive Kitteridge<. Finally, it gives a brief introduction to Erich Fromm and alienation theory. The body part consists of four chapters.– The first chapter interprets the alienated love, which firstly can be shown by idolatrous love. In idolatrous love, one worships the loved one as an ‘idol’ and becomes part of the one he loves, so that he loses himself in love and becomes an idolatrous worshipper. In the second place, the alienated love in the novel can be illustrated through extramarital affairs, which are mainly caused by the inability of communication after marriage, the dissatisfaction within marriage life and the temptation of sexual desire.– The second chapter lays stress on the alienation in parent-child relations, which can be reflected in the novel in three aspects. Firstly, the suicide of the previous generation has caused severe trauma to children. When these children grow up, they become mentally disturbed or have character defects, or they even want to commit suicide. Meanwhile, the alienated relations can also be shown through the overwhelming authority over children in the novel. The excessive parental control over children’s life lead to their incomplete personality and mental illness. Furthermore, the alienation between parents and children also leads to matriarchal and patriarchal complex. During the process of growth, it is difficult for some children to get rid of the mother and father figures. As a result, they not only want to break away from the power of their parents, but also want to marry a person who is similar to their parents’ image and personality. What’s more, patriarchal complex will lead to children’s excessive self-repression and submission, while children with matriarchal complex are too attached to others to live a sane life.– The third chapter deals with the alienation in townspeople, which is caused by mechanical life, estrangement from others and the uncertainty of self-identity. The monotonous life leads to the numbness and aloofness of townspeople who just repeat their daily life like a machine. In addition, people in this small town are indifferent to others. What’s more, some of them even estrange themselves from others. As a result, they live in isolation and become somewhat hermits.– The fourth chapter focuses on the ways to sane life. One is the productive love, which is the most fundamental necessity for individual and essential requirement for the way to sane life. What’s more, man needs a frame of orientation to define his identity. To satisfy the need of a frame of orientation, one should see the world objectively and get in touch with the world with passion. What’s more, to live a sane life, man needs to relate to others to get rid of his loneliness and depression.– Conclusion part summarizes the alienation phenomenon in >Olive Kitteridge< and points out the significance of the study. Through the study of the alienation, the novel can be understood from a new perspective. In addition, the alienation in the novel is also the epitome of the alienation in the real world, reflecting the alienation phenomenon which exists among people universally. And the analysis of the ways to sane life is conducive to getting rid of the alienation among people. [Author’s translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Jingyan Wang
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2019
Release Date:2020/11/03
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Wang_Jingyan_2019
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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