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From Crises towards Salvation – An Ecocritical Interpretation of R.S. Thomas' Poetry 从危机到救赎-R.S.托马斯诗歌的生态批评解读, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Nankai University, Nankai, Tianjin, China 2016 [application of Fromm's theories to art].

  • 本文运用生态批评理论对20世纪英国最伟大的诗人之一R.S.托马斯的诗歌进行了解读。第一章探讨了托马斯关于>机器<(即工业与科技文明)和自然的诗歌创作之缘起。二战的科技战和威尔士出身是他的诗歌对机器是>危机制造者<的表征的缘起;童年的自然体验和牧师身份则是他诗歌中的>乡村治疗<理念的塑形因素。第二章根据生态理论论述了托马斯的诗歌所反映的机器引发的危机。生态理论认为技术根源是生态危机的主要根源之一;哈罗德?弗洛姆认为科技征服了自然使上帝变得多余引发了西方信仰危机;生态心理学认为心灵与自然相互作用,现代人心理危机的重要诱因即是工业化所造成的人与自然的疏离。在托马斯的诗歌中,机器造成了生态危机、信仰危机和人的异化感。第三章探讨了托马斯的诗歌所提供的摆脱上述三种危机的途径。托马斯认为>乡村治疗<是走向救赎的途径,即在静谧的自然中体验自我和体验神性。生态危机的思想根源是>人/自然<二元论,治疗生态危机与治疗人类思想危机是一个过程。>乡村治疗<的最终目的是引发思想革命,使人认识到其生理存在、心理存在、精神存在都根植于自然,从而实现托马斯所展望的生态乌托邦>阿布酷歌<。论文结论部分指出,托马斯对信仰危机和心理危机的救赎与对生态危机的救赎是一脉相承的。生态批评认为文化与自然相互作用,作为文化产品和话语实践,托马斯的充满生态智慧的诗歌参与了生态话语的塑造,促进了文化与自然的良性互动:其对机器的危害的深刻揭示构成了对当代技术中心主义话语的反拨;其>乡村治疗<理念及自然神秘主义神学与生态心理学和生态神学的某些观点不谋而合,创造了一种生态世界观,为绿色文明的建设提供了认识论指导。
  • This thesis is an ecocritical investigation of the poetry of R. S. Thomas, one of the greatest English poets in the twentieth century.– Chapter One examines the context of Thomas’s poetic creation concerning the >Machine< (i.e., industrial and technological civilization) and nature. The technological warfare in World War II and the Welsh descent are the origin of his representation of the Machine as a >crisis-monger<. His experience of nature in childhood and the priesthood have a formative influence on the notion of >country cures< in his poetry.– Chapter Two is an ecocritical scrutiny of the adverse effects of the Machine in Thomas’ poetry. Ecotheory holds that technology is one of the main sources of ecological crisis; Erich Fromm maintains that technology has tamed nature and thus made God supererogatory, leading to the crisis of faith in Christendom; ecopsychology posits the reciprocity between nature and the human psyche and asserts that human disconnection from nature constitutes an important cause of modern man’s psychological crisis. In Thomas’ poetry, the Machine generates ecological crisis, the crisis of faith and man’s sense of alienation.– Chapter Three investigates the solution provided by Thomas’ s poetry to the foregoing crises. Thomas believes that the gateway to salvation is to receive >country cures<, by which is meant the experience of a sane self and of divinity in the tranquility of nature. The ideological root of ecocrisis is human/nature dualism and thus the battle to solve ecological crisis and to solve ideological crisis are one and the same. The ultimate goal of >country cures< is to make a revolution in man’s worldview, that is, to make him realize his biological, psychological and spiritual rootedness in the earth, and then to make come true the ecotopia >Abercuawg< envisioned by Thomas The thesis concludes that Thomas’ s efforts to save religion and the human psyche and to save ecology are one and the same. Ecocriticism postulates the interplay between culture and nature. As a cultural artefact or discursive practice, Thomas’s greenwisdom-saturated poetry has participated in the construction of ecological discourse and promoted the reciprocity between culture and nature: its insightful revelation of the Machine as a crisis-monger constitutes a reaction against the discourse of technocentrism; its notion of >country cures< and nature mysticism, coinciding in some aspects with the ecological worldview of ecopsychology and ecotheology, provides an epistemological clue to the construction of a green world. [Author's translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Kui Zheng
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2016
Release Date:2017/11/20
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Ceng_Kui_2016
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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