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Fromm's Humanitarian Ethics and Its Contemporary Inspiration [弗洛姆人道主义伦理学及其当代启示], Master thesis, Ethics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2008.

  • 20世纪西方资本主义社会,伴随着经济、政治、社会和科学的高度发达和急剧变化,传统的精神、伦理观念发生了严重的动摇和危机。弗洛姆通过分析现代资本主义社会及现代人的生存状况,将现代西方社会诊断为物质上丰裕,精神上却贫乏,道德上却衰落的病态社会,将现代人诊断为丧失自我,被全面异化了的人。为了使现代人从人性的异化,自我的丧失,生活的无意义状态中走出来,即走出精神与道德的困境,以促成一个>健全的社会<,弗洛姆对弗洛伊德的精神分析、马克思的人道主义思想,法兰克福学派的社会批判理论以及禅宗佛学的心性观等多种思想进行了批判吸收,提出了他的人道主义伦理学。弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学是以他的多重人性论为基础建构起来的一种以>爱<为核心,以自爱为最高价值,以对人性的自觉作为人道主义良心,以人的幸福作为价值批判标准,以促成一个>健全的社会<为伦理目标的理论体系。弗洛姆人道主义伦理学试图确立以人为中心的合乎人性的普遍的行为规范和价值准则,以求人及其潜能的自我实现,并建立起一个人道化的>健全的社会<。本文共分四个部分,意在从整体上把握论述弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学,并试图对弗洛姆人道主义伦理学体系的内在逻辑作一个较为全面深入的剖析。第一部分从弗洛姆人道主义伦理学构建的时代背景和理论背景来分析其思想的现实依据及理论依据,阐明第一个问题:弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学形成的原因。第二部分深入分析作为弗洛姆人道主义伦理学理论基石的多重人性论。在>何谓人<的问题上,弗洛姆认为人是历史进化的产物,是处于不断发展中的、具有自我意识和理性的现实的社会存在物。弗洛姆人性论是一种包括自然属性与社会属性、心理与理性、思维精神与感性活动在内的多层次的总体人性论。在弗洛姆看来多重的人性乃是道德的基础,以人性基础,提出只有人自己才能作为规定善恶的标准的原则,即善就是对人有好处,恶就是对人有害处。通过深入分析弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的人性基础,阐明第二个问题:弗洛姆人道主义伦理学为什么主张以人性为基础建立道德原则。第三部分从弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的核心、最高价值、人道主义良心、价值批判标准以及人道主义伦理学的目标五个方面论述弗洛姆人道主义伦理学体系构建的内在逻辑。弗洛姆人道主义伦理学是以>爱<为核心,以自爱为最高价值,以对人性的自觉作为人道主义良心,以人的幸福作为价值批判标准,以促成一个>健全的社会<为伦理目标构建他的伦理学体系的。阐明第三个问题:弗洛姆人道主义伦理学为什么把人的发展、完善、尊严和价值等作为理论的主要内容,把实现>健全的社会<作为伦理目标。第四部分论述弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的当代启示及其理论局限。通过挖掘弗洛姆人道主义伦理学闪光之处,为我国现阶段发展社会主义市场经济,构建和谐社会,以及现代社会中人的自我实现问题,提供一些有价值的参考;同时也指出弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的理论局限。
  • In the 20th century of western capitalism society, with the high development and drastic changes of economic, politic, society and science, the traditional spirit and ethical concepts was in a serious crisis and shake. Through the analysis of modern capitalism society and modern living conditions, Fromm diagnosed the modern western society as a diseased society, with material abundance, spiritual poverty and moral decline. And he diagnosed the modern people as loss of oneself, comprehensive alienation people. In order to make the modern people come out from the state of human nature alienation, self-loss and life meaningless, that is, come out from spiritual and moral dilemma to promote a >healthy society<, Fromm criticized and absorbed some ideas, such as the spiritual analysis of Freud, the humanism theory of Marx, the social critical theory of Frankfurt School and the mental concept of Zen Buddhism. Then, Fromm raised the humanitarian ethics. Fromm’s humanitarian ethics was a theoretical system with these features: its basis was his theory of multiple human nature; its core was >love<; its highest value was self-love; its humanitarian conscience was the conscious of humanity; its value critical standards was the people’s happiness and its ethical goal was to promote a >healthy society<. Fromm’s humanitarian ethics tried to establish a people-centered, human and universal conduction codes and value guideline. It also wanted to make self-realization of people and their potential and to establish a humanitarian >healthy society”. This thesis divides into four parts, it intends to overally grasp Fromm’s humanitarian ethics and depthly analyze the internal logic of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics.– In the first part, through introducing the historical and theoretical background of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics, the thesis analyzes the real and theoretical basis of its thoughts and sets out the first issue: the causes of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics.– The second part in depth analyzes the theory of multiple human nature: the cornerstone of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics. On the issue of >What is human<, Fromm thought that people were the products of historical evolution, and were constant developing, real social existences with self-consciousness and ration. Fromm’s human nature theory was multi-level and overall, it included natural attributes and social attributes, psychological and rational, thinking spirit and emotional activities. Fromm thought that multiple human nature was the basis of morality. Under this basis, Fromm put forward that only people themselves can be the standards of dividing good and evil. Good is something that is good for people and evil is harmful for people. Through in depth analyzing the human nature basis of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics, the thesis clarifies the second question: Why did Fromm’s humanitarian ethics base on human nature to establish the ethical principles?– The third part discusses the inherent logic of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics system from five respects: the core, maximum value, humanitarian conscience, valuably critical standards and the goal of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics. Based on the theory of multiple human nature, Fromm’s humanitarian ethics established its theoretical system like this: made >love< as its core; made self-love as its highest value; made the conscious of humanity as its humanitarian conscience; made the people’s happiness as its value critical standards and made promoting a >healthy society< as its ethical goal. Then the thesis clarifies the third question: Why did Fromm’s humanitarian ethics make human’s development, improvement, dignity and value as the main theory, and make the realization of >healthy society< as the goal of ethics.– Part four discusses the contemporary inspiration and theoretical limits of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics. Through excavate the flash of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics, it intenses to provide some valuable references for some questions at this stage of our country, such as the development of socialist market economy, building a harmonious society, and the self-realization of people in modern society. At the same time, it points out the theoretical limits of Fromm’s humanitarian ethics.

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Metadaten
Author:Nanyan Liu
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2008
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Liu_Nanyan_2008
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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