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Study on Humanist Alienation Theory of Fromm [弗洛姆人性异化思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012.

  • 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),出生在徳国后来移居到美国,是著名的哲学家、精神分析学家、社会学家,他是西方马克思主义者和法兰克福学派人物。弗洛姆综合了弗洛伊德心理学和马克思主义的社会学,在历史观的理论方法和思想观点的基础上,提出了异化思想。它把弗洛伊德的精神分析学中的个体心理学转变为社会心理学,继承了马克思异化理论思想的社会批判但它注重的是心理的异化理论批判,没有对资本主义这个根源制度进行彻底变革。他的异化理论不具有马克思社会革命理论的彻底性。但弗洛姆的异化理论从心理学这个角度提出却对马克思异化理论研究起到了补充与丰富作用。弗洛姆认为,20世纪现代工业社会的机器大工业的异化与马克思手工业时代的异化有了重大分别。马克思所处的历史时代社会主要矛盾是手工业制造,主要异化现象是劳动对象化,即,劳动产品对象化,也就是说:劳动成果被资本家占有。而20世纪现代工业社会主要矛盾是机械大工业的发展,人没有了创造性,人变成了客体,成了机器的附属品,这时人们心理在各个领域上如生产、生活及人的精神方面出现了异化现象,因此弗洛姆这个时代主要异化现象是心理异化。由此可以看出弗洛姆对人性异化理论研究是对当代西方资本主义后期现状的深切关注,尤其关注西方社会文化生活中的各种现实问题、矛盾危机,并从人类生存的角度出发对资本主义社会进行了批判。提出通过心理净化、爱的教育来建立一种心理健全、没有冲突互敬互爱的人道主义社会。这些对于我们重新去认识人和资本主义社会和我国建设社会主义和谐社会具有一定的现实意义。通过认真梳理弗洛姆的异化思想,本文从心理学和社会学角度提出了弗洛姆的异化理论核心是人性异化,为此,本文将以弗洛姆各个时期的异化理论著作代表作为研究对象,并按照分析现象--解读根源—解析扬弃的步骤,对弗洛姆的人性异化思想进行全面分析解读。即,首先从人性异化的现实领域和人的病态症候来分析弗洛姆的人性异化现象,进而解读弗洛姆的人性异化根源,解析弗洛姆的人性异化扬弃,最后对弗洛姆人性异化思想的贡献与局限性做出评价,并对本文的研究做出展望,提出本论文的理论意义和现实意义。
  • Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980), who emigrated from Germany to the United States, was a famous psycholo-gist, philosopher, sociologist, Marxist and a representative figure of Frankfurt school. Based on the view of historical theory and concept, Fromm put forward idea of alienation by compounding Freud's psychology and Marx's sociology. He inherited Marx alienation theory of social criticism, and changed Freud's individual psychology into social psychology. But he insisted on criticism of psychological alienation theory, and ignored the root causes of capitalism. So his alienation theory lack of thoroughness of Marxist social revolution theory. However, Fromm's alienation theory plays a supplementary role in Marxist alienation theory from the angle of psychology. In Fromm's view, the alienation of modern industrial society is totally different from the alienation of hand industrial era in twentieth century. - The principal contradiction of Marx's historical society is the handicraft manufacture; the phenomenon of alienation is mainly object of labor, that is, the object of labor product, in other words, the fruits of labor were owned by the capitalists. But in twentieth century, the principal contradiction of modern industrial society is the machinery industry development; people without creativity turned into object and machine accessories. Then psychology in various fields such as production, life and spirit began to emergence alienation phenomenon. So, Fromm thinks that the alienation of era actually is the alienation of people's psychology. Hence, we can see that Fromm's theory of human nature alienation is the deep concern of contemporary capitalism period, especially various practical problems and contradiction crisis in western social and cultural life. Fromm criticized the capitalism society from the angle of human existence. He put through the idea of establishing a sound humanitarian society by means of mental purification and love of education. It has a certain practical significance for us to get to know people and the capitalist society, and speeds up the construction of our socialist harmonious society. - Through the study of Fromm's theory of alienation, the paper points out the core of Fromm's alienation theory is alienation of human nature. Therefore, according to the steps of phenomenon analysis - the interpretation of roots – develop the useful and discard the useless, it chooses Fromm's alienation theory works in each period as research object, and conducts a comprehensive analysis and interpretation to Fromm's alienation theory. From the aspects of reality of human nature alienation and people's morbid symptoms, it analyzes Fromm's alienation phenomenon; and then it interprets the root causes and sublation of Fromm's human nature alienation theory; finally, it makes an evaluation to Fromm's alienation theory in contribution and limitation, and raises a research prospect by putting forward the theoretical and practical significance.

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Metadaten
Author:Zhaoxiang Feng
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2012
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Feng_Zhaoxiang_2012
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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