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從心理學觀點看人及宗教 [Man and Religion from a Psychological Perspective]

  • 心理學普通不設宗教信仰這一問題,因為兩者的研究對象各有不同之故。但由於心理學所討論的人,是「整體性」的,生理與心理固然不能分離,肉體與精神現象也很難完全分開處理;因此自五十年代以來,某些研究「人之所以為人」之特徵的心理學家,已開始對宗教信仰這一問題發生了興趣。心理學家討論信仰問題,不管他們的背境是什麼,藉通不強調、更不執著某種特定的宗教系統,如佛教、基督教、或天主教,雖然這些心理學家也有他們自己的特定信仰。本文收集了五位較有代表性的心理學家,並計劃從他們不同的立場來討論人與宗教之問題:(一)從成熟的人格觀點來看人之宗教信仰對人之人格成熟有何關連。這裡介紹了兩位心理學家,即亞爾伯之人格理論及梵岡之信仰健康觀。(二)從人生意義之探索看信仰問題。並以意義治療學之創始人以弗蘭克為代言人。(三)從追求道德及靈魂之實有看宗教,以新精神分析學權威佛洛姆為主。(四)從人之自我實現論談宗教信仰,並以此理論之創始人馬斯洛為主要依據。輔大以全人教育為宗旨,並以真善美聖為師生共同追求的目標,但全人教育不設宗教這一問題又如何能成為「全人」。真善美聖的實際內涵又脫不了終極關懷的問題。我們不願以自己的信仰談宗教,雖然我們也有此權利及責任,但畢竟易引起誤會及反感。本各完全以人自己的立場來說信仰,似乎應該易於接受。
  •  Psychology does not usually involve itself with questions of religious faith; this is because the two have their distinct realms of investigation. Psychology does discuss the >whole person< however. It is certainly difficult to separate the physiological form the psychological; it is difficult to separate the body from the spirit. There have been some psychologists who have approached the problem of the >person as person< since the 1950's.They have already expressed interest in the question of religious faith from a psychological perspective. Despite their investigation of the question of religious faith, psychologists have been reluctant to emphasize, let alone implement, any systematic religious approach to psychological problems, even though a psychologist may have his own religious faith. This article presents five representative psychologists and would like to discuss their different approaches to the question of the person and religion. a.) A look at religious faith from the relationship between the person and the mature personality. b.) Faith from the question of the meaning of life. c.) A look at religion from the pursuit of morality and the phenomenon of the soul. This approach looks at Fromm's Neo-Psycho-analysis. d.) Religious faith from the perspective of self-actualization.

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Metadaten
Author:Yuting Lu
Parent Title (Chinese):哲學與文化 [Philosophy and Culture], Vol. 26 (1999), pp. 1116-1130;1187-1189.
Document Type:Articles
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:1999
Release Date:2024/04/04
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Lu_Yuting_1999
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Articles / Artikel
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Articles / Artikel
Licence (German):
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