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Fromm’s Human Development Theory [弗洛姆个人发展理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2007.

  • 弗洛姆对人的关注主要源于他浓厚的犹太家庭背景和教育背景;弗洛伊德的精神分析学给予他一个微观观察人类的视角;马克思的唯物史观则让他学会在开放、动态的社会发展中考察人的发展问题。弗洛姆关于个人发展的理想是要培育建立在积极自由、批判理性基础之上的拥有生产性性格和存在的生存方式的>新人<。然而,由于人类存在不可克服的生存矛盾,现代资本主义社会又是以最大限度追求利润为其主要目的的病态社会,在这样的社会中,统治阶级借助社会性格和社会无意识的中介,把资本主义的意识形态扩展到任何一个人类生存的角落,有目的地把现代人改造成生产、消费、顺从、共同享乐、步调一致的>机器<。弗洛姆不甘于人的真正本性的遮蔽,在分析、批判资本主义制度的基础上,从社会和伦理途径出发,积极寻求有利个人发展的各种条件,具体包括国家必须提供保证尊严的个人收入;生产应由无序的个人生产向社会生产过渡;教育应该是科学精神与人文精神并重;要借助精神分析的方法以及培育爱的能力。弗洛姆的个人发展理论传承并创造性地诠释了马克思关于人的自由全面发展理论,凸显了人的生存价值,清晰地表达了拯救人性以改造社会和完善人类的观点,这对于正处于转型时期的国家和个人来说,都具有重要的借鉴意义。不可否认,弗洛姆的理论具有局限性:夸大了马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的重要性,割裂了人的工具性与目的性的关系,忽视了实践对人的本质的决定性作用。
  • Erich Fromm’s attention to human being is mainly from his deep Judaic family and education background; Freud’s psychoanalysis gives him a microcosmic angle on observing human being; while Marxian historical materialism lets him learn to inspect human being’s development in open and dynamic society. The ideal that Fromm develops about individual is to cultivate the >newcomer< on the basis of positive liberty and critique reason, who owns the productive character and the mode of being. However, besides existing survival contradiction, modern capitalist society is a null-condition society in which capitalist’s objective is to pursue the profit as possible as they can. In the society, the ruling class expands the capitalism ideological form to any human being’s survival corners with the help of the intermediary in social character and unconscious. Their aim is to transfer the modernist to a productive, consumptive, obedient, jointly enjoyable, unanimous >machine<.– Fromm refuses to take the defilade in people’s real nature. He sets off from society approach and ethics approach on the basis of analyzing, criticizing capitalist system, exploring various conditions which are helpful to individual development: the country should provide personal income that guarantees dignity; the production should be from disorder individual production to social production; the education should be developed in scientific spirit and humanity spirit, which are of equal importance; we can draw support from the psychoanalysis method and cultivate the loving ability. Fromm’s theory of personal development inherits and creatively interprets Marx’s free all-round development theory about human being, which shows the human being’s survival value, expressing the viewpoint to rescue human nature to reform society and perfect human being, which is of great significance in using for reference to the country and individual that are in the turning period. It is undeniable that Fromm’s theory has also some limits: he exaggerates the importance of >The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844<, cuts apart human being’s instrument and teleological character, also ignores the decisive effect of practicing to human being’s nature.

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Metadaten
Author:Yuchang Cao
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2007
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Cao_Yuchang_2007
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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