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The Frankfurt School's Idea of the >Free and Comprehensive Development of the Human Person< and Its Contemporary Revelations [法兰克福学派>人的自由全面发展<思想及其当代启示], Master thesis, Scientific Socialism and the International Communist Movement, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012.

  • 人的自由全面发展,既是马克思主义学说的最高理论价值,又是人类社会发展要求解决的终极问题。人类社会的政治、经济和文化发展都取决于人在当时的社会条件下所取得的自身解放程度。从亚里士多德到马克思,从马克思到最年轻的理论学者,人类社会的每一个聪慧的头脑,都怀抱着这样一种伟大的人本主义情怀来对人类自己的生命形式和存在价值这一问题进行着理论和实践的求索。作为西方马克思主义的思想重镇,法兰克福学派构建了一个开阔而恢弘的社会批判理论大厦。霍克海默和阿多诺以批判理论和否定的辩证法为维度,构建了整个法兰克福学派的社会批判理论大框架;马尔库塞和弗洛姆从人类的内心机制出发,深度的剖析了在晚期资本主义社会人所遭致的更加深刻的异化和宰治;哈贝马斯更是高屋建瓴地对整个学派的批判理论进行了反思,进而提出了以交往取代劳动、重建历史唯物主义的思想理论。从文本研究中可以得知,贯穿于这些理论之中的一条红线,正是这一学派学者们对人的自由全面发展的孜孜不倦的追求以及他们自身博大的人本主义情怀。作为一种激进的批判理论本身,法兰克福学派的思想家们一方面希图构建起对现代社会生活的全面批判,另一方面也按照马克思主义辩证法的方法论要求不断反省着自己的批判理论本身。这种对批判理论本身的批判和反思不仅立场鲜明的表明了法兰克福学者们对马克思主义真理性认识的努力捍卫与天才发展,同时这种自我批判与反思使得该学派的理论充满了张力,在某种意义上也赋予了法兰克福学派一个马克思主义标签。中国的社会主义建设和发展已经进入了一个新的历史时期,科学发展观的提出标志着中国的政治方向发生了一些转移,即在强调经济成就的同时更加注意以人为本,各种民生问题的提出,各种保障政策的实行,都是为了真正实现人的自由和权利,为人的全面发展提供更加广阔的空间。在未来的社会发展中,我们所要面临和处理的问题还很多,如何能更好的实现人的自由全面发展,是我们当前进行社会主义建设所要解决的重大问题。认真学习法兰克福学派的关于人的自由全面发展这一思想,对于我们理解马克思主义本真、揭示资本主义的弊端、矫正中国现实社会中的各种失误、指导今后的社会发展等各个方面都具 有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
  • Free and overall development of human kind, is both the highest theoretical value of Marxism theory, and the ultimate problem to be solved in the development of human society. The development of politics, economy and culture of human society depends on the liberation degree that humans can achieve under social condition of that time. From Aristotle to Marx, from Marx to youngest theorist, every wise person, carrying this kind of humanistic feelings, tries to do theoretical and practical quest about the question of human’s life forms and existence value. - As a main branch of Western Marxism, Frankfurt School founded an open and broad social criticism theory. Max Horkheimer and Adorno built the broad framework of Frankfurt School's social criticism theory, by using the criticism theory and Negative Dialectics as the dimension. Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm deeply analyzed more profound dissimilation and being ruled people suffered in the late stage of capitalism, starting from inner mechanism of human kind. Jürgen Habermas reviewed the criticism theory of the whole school and then put forward the theory of displacing working by exchange and rebuilding historical materialism. From text studying we could know that the key which runs through these theories is scholars' tireless pursuit towards human beings' free and overall development from this school and their humanistic feelings. As holding the radical criticism theory, thinkers of Frankfurt School want to construct comprehensive criticism towards modern social life on one hand, and on the hand keep self-examining their own criticism theory in accordance with the require of methodology of Marxist dialectic. This kind of criticism and self-examining towards criticism theory not only shows that scholars of Frankfurt School endeavor to defend and ingeniously develop the true knowledge of Marxism, but also makes the theory of this school full of tension and thus labels Frankfurt School >Marxism> in a sense. - Chinese socialist construction and development has come to a new historical period. The proposing of scientific outlook on development signifies that there are some changes in Chinese political direction. The changes, which include paying more attention to >people foremost< while emphasizing economic achievement, proposing of livelihood issues, and implement of security polices, are made to realize people's freedom and rights, and to offer more broad space for people's comprehensive development. In the future social development, many problems will be faced and tackled with. And how to realize people's free and overall development is the problem we have to solve in current socialist construction. In-depth study of the idea about people's free and overall development from Frankfurt School has important theoretical and practical value in understanding reality of Marxism, uncovering drawbacks of capitalism, correcting faults in Chinese society and guiding social development in future.

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Metadaten
Author:Hua Xiang
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2012
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Xiang_Hua_2012
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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