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The Alienated Freaks: On Alienation and Loneliness in >The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter< [被异化的畸形人:《心是孤独的猎手》中的异化与孤独主题], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art].

  • 卡森•麦卡勒斯是一位著名的美国女作家。她的作品常以怪诞和畸形的特点著称。她所描绘的畸形, 比如假小子, 聋哑人, 侏儒, 跛脚, 雌雄同体以及驼背等都是精神无能的表现。麦卡勒斯通过作品中描写的各种畸形人物揭露了现代社会普遍存在的精神问题—孤独。《心是孤独的猎手》是一部意义深远的小说。麦卡勒斯在小说中描绘的美国南方小镇是现代社会孤独的缩影。米克、杰克、考普兰德医生、比夫以及辛格之间的 >卫星式< 关系是小说情节发展的主线。除了比夫, 其余三人聚集在辛格身边, 把他当作各自唯一的知己, 向他倾诉内心的想法和梦想, 并且渴望从辛格那里获得拯救。然而, 由于辛格自杀, 他们内心所塑造出来的上帝也随之坍塌。作为20世纪最受欢迎的哲学思潮之一, 存在主义对人的存在与本质、内在与情绪以及自由与本真的关注为本篇论文异化与孤独主题的分析提供了思想背景。此外, 这篇论文将运用艾瑞克•弗洛姆的异化理论来分析小说的孤独主题。弗洛姆的异化理论为小说的孤独主题分析提供了两方面的视角:孤独, 一方面属于人的精神机制, 另一方面则是受到资本主义剥削与异化的影响而不断加深。针对孤独的缓解, 麦卡勒斯和弗洛姆两人都把爱当做是缓解异化与孤独的止痛剂。此外, 存在主义者所提倡的对自我本真的追寻也是缓解孤独的有效途径。虽然小说中四个人物渴望通过辛格获得救赎的愿望由于他的自杀而毁灭, 但是麦卡勒斯在小说的结尾通过描写四个人物从幻想中醒悟, 并且继续追寻理想的开放结局表达了她的人文主义情怀。
  • Carson McCullers, the renowned American female writer, is well-known for grotesque and freakishness in her novels. Freakishness such as tomboy, deaf mute, dwarf, cripple, androgyny and hunchback that she depicts is the manifestation of spiritual incapacity. McCullers aims to disclose ubiquitous loneliness in modern society through freakish protagonists in her novels. >The Heart is a Lonely Hunter< is highly acclaimed as a remarkable novel. The Southern town described by McCullers in the novel is the microcosm of loneliness in modern society. The >satellite< relationship among Mick, Jake, Doctor Copeland, Biff and Singer forms the main plot. Except Biff, the other three constellate around Singer, confide in him their inner thoughts and dreams, and consider him as their savior. However, their illusion of the homemade God collapses with Singer’s suicide. Existentialism, one of the most popular philosophical thoughts in the 20th century, discusses the issue of existence and essence, inwardness and senses, and freedom and authenticity of human beings. It is considered as the philosophical context of the analysis of alienation and loneliness in the thesis. Besides, this thesis aims to anatomize the theme of loneliness through Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation, which claims that loneliness is on the one hand a psychological mechanism, and on the other hand aggravated by capitalist exploitation and alienation. Concerning the alleviation of loneliness, both McCullers and Fromm assert love as the anodyne to ease the pent-up alienation and aloneness. In addition, the quest for authentic self advocated by existentialists is also helpful for the relief of people’s lonely heart. Though the redemption that these characters long for from Singer fails with his suicide, McCullers still expresses humanity through their awakening from illusion and their everlasting pursuit of ideals at the end of the novel. [Author’s translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Chang Liu
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2018
Release Date:2020/11/03
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Liu_Chang_2018
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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