TY - JOUR A1 - Weinrich, Harald T1 - Sein und Haben radikal – mit und gegen Erich Fromm JF - Harald Weinrich: Über das Haben: 33 Ansichten, München; Verlag C.H.Beck) 2012, 44-48. N2 - Auf dem Umschlag dieses Buches begrüßt uns Diogenes von Sinope, der nichts haben will, nicht einmal von Alexander dem Großen. Er ist freilich eine Ausnahme. Die meisten Menschen haben gern, und deshalb mangelt es auch nicht an Gründen und Anlässen, sich über das Haben zu äußern. In einer höchst unterhaltsamen Reise durch die Sinnwelten des Habens eröffnet Harald Weinrich, der Grandseigneur der europäischen Sprachwissenschaft, verblüffende Einsichten in unseren Gebrauch des Wörtchens Haben – und unser Haben-Denken, das sich darin offenbart. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehr, Helmut T1 - Erich Fromm und Janusz Korczak - Erziehung in Liebe? Parallelen und Differenzen JF - Godel-Gaßner, R., and Krehl, S. (Eds.), Facettenreich im Fokus - Janusz Korczak und seine Pädagogik. Historische und aktuelle Perspektiven, Jena (edition Paideia), 2013, pp. 161-184 Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicker, Brian T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion Psychology, and Culture (1963a, English) JF - British Journal of Psychiatric Social Work, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1964), pp. 159-160. Y1 - 1964 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegand, Ronald T1 - Psychoanalyse und Gesellschaft bei Erich Fromm JF - Psychologische Menschenkenntnis, Zürich, Vol. 6 (1970), pp. 257-273. Y1 - 1970 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicher, Andrzej T1 - Freedom versus Intolerance: Variations on the Theme of Supernatural Wives and Husbands, in: D. Gabryś-Barker and J. Mydla (Eds.): English Studies at the University of Silesia: Forty Years on, Katowice (University of Silesia Publishing House) Poland 2013, pp. 311-330. N2 - I have chosen, for the jubilee volume, my article >Freedom vs. Intolerance – Variations on the Theme of Supernatural Wives and Husbands<. It appeared in the volume entitled >We are all Indians< Violence – Intolerance – Literature, edited by Wojciech Kalaga and Tadeusz Sławek (Katowice 1990). This was a special time for all of us; today it is called the time of breakthrough, or transformation. The topic of my article, and most other articles contained in this volume, is connected with the problem of freedom and enslavement, which, bearing in mind the atmosphere of that period, was almost inevitable. Thus, the reader will find, in that article of mine, reflections concerning the so called positive and negative freedom, some thoughts about Erich Fromm’s book >The Fear of Freedom<. I used there also an old proverb, quoted in the writings of Sir Isaiah Berlin: >to be free is nothing, to become free is the very heaven<, a proverb that sounded very appropriate in the times when we all in Poland were regaining our lost freedom. The article itself is a heady mixture of threads and motifs taken from classical and modern philosophy, folktales, Biblical traditions and mythology, whereas the typical literary studies, or history of literature, are virtually absent there. This rather unconventional approach is, to some extent, typical of the style of academic discourse characteristic of the English studies as understood and practised in the University of Silesia at that time, that is in the 1980s and 1990s. This style was shaped, among other persons, by the, often indirect, influence of such personalities as Wojciech Kalaga, Tadeusz Sławek, Emanuel Prower, Tadeusz Rachwał, or, last but not least, Ewa Borkowska, who also contributed to the volume in question. Naturally, I am solely responsible for what I wrote in that article, which is a rather faithful reflection of my interests (and perhaps also obsessions) in that very memorable period of time. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wils, Jean-Pierr T1 - Sich den Tod geben – Suizid als letzte Emanzipation? JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 033-047. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 30 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winship, Garry T1 - A genealogy of therapeutic community ideas: the influence of the Frankfurt School with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm JF - Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, Vol. 34, No. 2/3 (2013), pp. 60-70. [Online ISSN 0964-1866] [doi.org/10.1108/TC-05-2013-0010] N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to construct a genealogy of therapeutic communities (TCs), with the espoused commitment to flattened hierarchies and democratic ideologies, the paper considers the lineage of the Frankfurt School of Social Research and its influence in setting a frame for TC ideology, with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm. This genealogy provides further context to the contribution of two other key Frankfurters, Karl Mannheim and Michael Foulkes, who progressed therapeutic democracy in the UK and shaped the early days of the TC as a group-based treatment paradigm. Design/methodology/approach: Discourse analysis and collective biography based on biographical details, texts and witness accounts. Findings: The works of Marcuse and Fromm provide a hybrid psychosocial post-Freudian schemas that beckoned philosophic reconciliation between the state and the personal psyche culminating in new left psychoanalytic academic sectors. Erich Fromm's contribution is situated squarely in the clinical sphere in the USA dating from the 1930s after he fled from Germany and settled in the USA where he became a well-known lecturer at Chestnut Lodge during a time when it was developing its approach under the rubric of >milieu therapy<. Marcuse's influence on psychiatry is tracked through the development of ideas and writings emerging from his reading of Freud, finally intersecting with the emergence of TCs and anti-psychiatry when he delivered the keynote address at the Dialectics of Liberation Conference in London in 1967. Held at the height of the first generation of TCs, Joe Berke, R.D. Laing and colleagues considered Marcuse as someone to headline the Dialectics Conference because; >Marcuse was the Grandpapa of Flower Power< (Joe Berke said). Originality/value: A rapprochement between milieu therapy in the USA, influenced by Fromm and Marcuse and the European tradition of TCs, influenced by Mannheim and Foulkes is demonstrated. The Frankfurt Institute of Social Research can be seen as an ideological corner that transcends Atlantic divides, and provides a sturdy and lasting intellectual cornerstone for the history of ideas in the field of social psychiatry. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Od polityki czasu do krytyki ideologii Koczanowicz versus Fromm [From the Politics of Time to the Critique of Ideology Koczanowicz versus Fromm], in: Leszek Koczanowics, Katarzyna Liszka, and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Między rozumieniem a porozumieniem. Eseje o demokracji niekonsensualnej, Warszawa, (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Poland, pp. 168 – 178. JF - Leszek Koczanowics, Katarzyna Liszka, and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Między rozumieniem a porozumieniem. Eseje o demokracji niekonsensualnej, Warszawa, (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Poland, pp. 168 – 178, Polish N2 - Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest rekonstrukcji narzędzia krytyki społecznej, użytego przez Leszka Koczanowicza w książce Polityka czasu do diagnozy dynamiki zmian występujących w społeczeństwie polskim po 1989 roku. Tym, co wyróżnia propozycję autora, wzorującego się na rozwiązaniu przyjętym przez Ernesto Laclau, na tle innych tego typu teorii, jest koncentracja na społecznych mitologiach i marginalizacja zjawiska ideologii. Druga część artykułu, która poświęcona jest rekonstrukcji założeń krytyki społecznej Ericha Fromma, pozwala, dzięki zestawieniu ze sobą tych dwu koncepcji, postawić pytanie o konsekwencje i potencjał krytyczny projektu Koczanowicza rezygnującego z dopracowania pojęcia ideologii i zintegrowania go z pojęciem mitu. N2 - The first part of the article is devoted to reconstructing the tool of social criticism used by Leszek Koczanowicz in his book The Politics of Time to diagnose the dynamics of change occurring in Polish society after 1989. What distinguishes the author's proposal, modeled on the solution adopted by Ernesto Laclau, from other theories of this kind, is the focus on social mythologies and the marginalization of the phenomenon of ideology. The second part of the article, which is devoted to reconstructing the assumptions of Erich Fromm's social criticism, allows, thanks to the juxtaposition of the two concepts, to raise the question of the consequences and critical potential of Koczanowicz's project abandoning the refinement of the concept of ideology and integrating it with the concept of myth. [DeepL.com/Translator, free version, 2/2023] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilde, Lawrence T1 - The Ethical Challenge of Touraine's >Living Together< JF - Journal of Global Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2007), pp. 39-53. [Online ISSN 1744-9634] [doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991564] N2 - In >Can We Live Together?< Alain Touraine combines a consummate analysis of crucial social tensions in contemporary societies with a strong normative appeal for a new emancipatory >Subject< capable of overcoming the twin threats of atomisation or authoritarianism. He calls for a move from >politics to ethics< and then from ethics back to politics to enable the new Subject to make a reality out of the goals of democracy and solidarity. However, he has little to say about the nature of such an ethics. This article argues that this lacuna could usefully be filled by adopting a form of radical humanism found in the work of Erich Fromm. It defies convention in the social sciences by operating from an explicit view of the >is< and the >ought< of common human nature, specifying reason, love and productive work as the qualities to be realised if we are to move closer to human solidarity. Although there remain significant philosophical and political differences between the two positions, particularly on the role to be played by >the nation<, their juxtaposition opens new lines of inquiry in the field of cosmopolitan ethics. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilde, Lawrence T1 - The Significance of Maternalism in the Evolution of Fromm's social thought JF - The European Legacy, Vol. 9, No. 3 (2004), pp. 343-356. [Online ISSN 1470-1316] [doi.org/10.1080/1084877042000235504] N2 - During his years as a member of the Frankfurt School, Erich Fromm developed a strong interest in the idea that there were distinctive male and female character orientations. Drawing on the positive evaluation of matriarchy made in the nineteenth century by the Swiss anthropologist J. J. Bachofen, Fromm argued that a >matricentric< psychic structure was more conducive to socialism than the patricentric structure which had predominated in capitalism. His interest in maternalism and his opposition to patriarchy played an important part in his rejection of Freud's theory of drives and in the development of a humanistic ethics in which love plays a central part. The idea of a gendered humanism is central to Fromm's social thought, although there is a danger that the over‐emphasis of sex‐based character differences unintentionally re‐opens the danger of the kind of sexual stereotyping which he resolutely opposed. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winship, Gary T1 - The Democratic Origins of the Term >Group Analysis<: Karl Mannheim’s >Third Way< for Psychoanalysis and Social Science JF - Group Analysis, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2003), pp. 37-51. [ISSN 0533-3164] [doi.org/10.1177/0533316403036001200] N2 - It is well known that Foulkes acknowledged Karl Mannheim as the first to use the term `group analysis'. However, Mannheim's work is otherwise not well known. This article examines the foundations of Mannheim's sociological interest in groups using the Frankfurt School (1929-1933) as a start point through to the brief correspondence of 1945 between Mannheim and Foulkes (previously unpublished). It is argued that there is close conjunction between Mannheim's and Foulkes's revision of clinical psychoanalysis along sociological lines. Current renderings of the Frankfurt School tradition pay almost exclusive attention to the American connection (Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer) overlooking the contribution of the English connection through the work of Mannheim and Foulkes. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiśniewski, Radoslaw T1 - Review Wasyluk, Piotr: Ericha Fromma koncepcja postępu zintegrowanego, Olsztyn (Publishing House of the Center for Eastern European Studies of the University of Warmia and Mazury) Poland 2010. JF - Ruch Filozoficzny Vol. 67, No. 4 (2010). [ISSN: 0035-9599] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wong, Charlotte T1 - Narcissism Obstacle – To Love Dr. Fromm JF - Spartan Daily San Jose State College, Vol. 53, No. 106 (Friday, April 22, 1966). [scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4785&context=spartandaily] N2 - Dr. Erich Fromm, internationally-known psychoanalyst-author, stressed narcissism and lack of faith as major obstacles to love at yesterday’s ASB lecture in Morris Dailey Auditorium. Y1 - 1966 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Czas mesjański, rytuał szabatu i pedagogia azylu w filozofii Ericha Fromma [Messianic Time, the Sabbath Ritual and Asylum Pedagogy in the Philosophy of Erich Fromm] JF - Paweł Jabłoński and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Fromm – aplikacje, Wrocław (>Chiasm< Publishing Initiative) Poland 2016, pp. 137-159. N2 - Celem artykułu jest wskazanie miejsca i znaczenia w filozofii Ericha Fromma obecnych w jego pracach figur czasu mesjańskiego i rytuału sza¬batu. Powiązane ze sobą dają się odczytać jako integralna część koncepcji Fromma, prowadząca w jego myśli do pedagogii azylu – posiadającego istotny potencjał emancypacyjny i edukacyjny rozwiązania problemu alienacji współczesnego człowieka. N2 - The aim of the article is to indicate the place and meaning in Erich Fromm's philosophy of the figures of messianic time and the Sabbath ritual present in his works. Interconnected, they can be read as an integral part of Fromm's concept, leading in his thought to the pedagogy of asylum - a solution to the problem of alienation of modern man with significant emancipatory and educational potential. [Google translator, 1/2023] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - The pedagogy of asylum as a utopia of hospitality. A review of basic assumptions JF - Filozoficzne problemy educacji, No. 4 (2021), pp. 1-19. [Online ISSN 2545-0948] [doi.org/10.4467/25450948FPE.21.001.15166] N2 - This paper aims at the presentation of ethical and political grounds of the pedagogy of asylum, which, in its assumptions, refers to concepts of such thinkers as Emmanuel Levinas, Erich Fromm, George Steiner, Hannah Arendt, Michael Walzer, Avishai Margalit, Jacques Derrida and Janusz Korczak. Utopia of hospitality, presented in its basic assumptions, constitutes a look at the social life, life of individuals and communities, as concentrated in asylums, while its author thinks that it forms an answer to modern challenges to Western democracies, education and politics in the >Age of Migration<. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Utopia szkoły, nieposłuszeństwo i przekład. Dwa biblijne mity w odczytaniach Ericha Fromma i George’a Steinera [Utopia of School, Disobedience, and Translation Two Biblical Myths in the Interpretation of Erich Fromm and George Steiner] JF - Showanna, No. 2 (2020), pp. 1-14. [ISSN 2353-9682] doi.org/10.31261/CHOWANNA.2020.55.04] N2 - Można przyjąć, że dwa biblijne mity – o wyjściu Adama i Ewy z ogrodu Eden oraz o budowniczych wieży Babel – są interesującymi ekspresjami wyobraźni utopijnej, ponieważ opowiadają o dwóch miejscach, w których na dwa odmienne sposoby realizowano projekty wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Współcześnie jednym z takich miejsc, które możemy rozumieć jako niejednoznaczny efekt realizacji utopii epoki rewolucji przemysłowej, jest szkoła – przestrzeń edukacji zaplanowana jako ważna część projektu wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Dwa oryginalne odczytania – autorstwa Ericha Fromma i George’a Steinera – przywołanych biblijnych mitów posłużą wzbogaceniu o nowe wątki i podejścia dyskusji o kondycji współczesnej szkoły oraz dyskursów pedagogiki krytycznej czy pedagogiki oporu i pedagogiki hermeneutycznej. N2 - It can be assumed that two biblical myths – about Adam and Eve leaving the Garden of Eden and about the builders from Babel – are interesting expression of the utopian imagination, because these myths narrate about two places where projects of sufficiently perfect social order were implemented in two different ways. At present, the school is one of the places that could be understood as the ambiguous effect of an implemented utopia of the industrial revolution era; the school is an education space designed as an important part of the project of a sufficiently perfect social order. Two original readings of the mentioned biblical myths – by Erich Fromm and George Steiner – shall contribute some new themes and outlooks to the discussion of the condition of the modern school and the discourses of critical pedagogy or the pedagogy of resistance and hermeneutic pedagogy. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Review Rafał Wlodarczyk: Ideologia, teoria, edukacja. Myśl Ericha Fromma jako inspiracja dla pedagogiki współczesnej, Kraków (Publishing House >Impuls<), Poland 2016. (Studium z filozofii Ericha Fromma, krytyki społecznej i teorii edukacji) Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wójtowicz, Marek T1 - Review Kamil Kaczmarek: Socjologia a religie. Współczynnik humanistyczny jako narzędzie wartościowania w pismach Ericha Fromma, Poznań (Publishing Office, Faculty of Theology of the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań) Poland 2003 JF - Śląskie Studia Historyczno-Teologiczne, Vol. 37, No. 2, (2004), pp. 311-312. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wong, Muk-Yan T1 - The Ideal Love: Platonic or Frommian? JF - Dialogue and Universalism, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2017), pp. 137-146. [Online ISSN 1689-3816] [doi.org/10.5840/du201727470] N2 - In this paper, I compare two theories of ideal love, the Platonic and Frommian, and argue that they give opposite advices to lovers in practice. While Plato emphasizes >whom to love< and urges one to continuously look for a better beloved, Erich Fromm emphasizes >how to love< and urges one to grow and change with one’s imperfect lover. Using the movie >Her< as an example, I explain why an ideal love is extremely difficult to attain under the guidance of the Platonic and Frommian ideals. In an imperfect love, to leave or to stay seems to be a question with no simple answer. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Ideologia, teoria, edukacja.Myśl Ericha Fromma jako inspiracja dla pedagogiki współczesnej [Ideology, Theory, Education: Erich Fromm's Thought as an Inspiration for Contemporary Pedagogy], Kraków (Publishing House >Impuls<) Poland 2016, 329 pp., Polish. [978-83-8095-143-3] N2 - [Conclusion] Niniejsza monografi a dowodzi, że inspirowana myślą Ericha Fromma teoria i praktyka edukacji może znaleźć w niej reprezentującą orientację emancypacyjną w krytycznej teorii edukacji spojną i wartościową wykładnię. Wskazuje także, że zaproponowany przez niego zbior ustaleń i rozwiązań bez większych przeszkod może stanowić dla pedagogiki ogolnej, teorii wychowania, jak rownież oddziaływań służących formowaniu całokształtu zdolności życiowych człowieka rezerwuar jednostkowych zapożyczeń. Ponadto dowodzi, że formułowane w jego książkach sądy i stawiane tam tezy pozostają istotnym źrodłem dla dalszego namysłu w pedagogice krytycznej, fi lozofi i edukacji oraz podejmowanych badań w rożnych obszarach nauk o wychowaniu. Wskazany i potencjalny wkład Fromma do pedagogiki ujęty w tej książce, ustalony na podstawie kompleksowego opracowania jego myśli, daje się sprowadzić do listy kilku złożonych zagadnień rozwiniętych w poszczegolnych rozdziałach, takich jak: koncepcja natury człowieka, jego rozwoju, podmiotowości, zdrowia oraz ideału wychowania; teoria społeczeństwa i jego wpływu na kształtowanie się osobowości oraz zdolności życiowych człowieka; dialektyczna koncepcja zmiany społecznej oraz miejsca i roli w niej edukacji; teoria jednostkowej i społecznej alienacji; koncepcja emancypacji przez edukację; teoria ruchu emancypacyjnego; koncepcja nauczyciela jako transformatywnego intelektualisty; teoria utopii społecznej; koncepcja doktryny pedagogicznej i ich powiązania w ideologii edukacyjnej radykalnego humanizmu; ogolna teoria ideologii; koncepcja ukrytego programu edukacji oraz kryteriow ich krytyki; teoria pedagogii azylu. Należy zaznaczyć, że konsekwentna realizacja zadania badawczego wymagała nie tylko rekonstrukcji, analizy i odczytania koncepcji Fromma, jej kontekstu fi lozofi cznego oraz wpływu środowisk intelektualnego i kulturowego, z jakich się wywodzi, ale w kilku przypadkach również określenia, referowania czy wskazania stanu aktualnej dyskusji w pedagogice oraz poszczególnych naukach humanistycznych i społecznych na temat zagadnień, do których nawiązuje w swoich interdyscyplinarnych z założenia pismach. Innymi słowy, zadanie wymagało dostosowania się do okoliczności warunkujących podjętą pracę przekładu, by możliwe było prawidłowe przedstawienie konsekwencji myśli Fromma dla pedagogiki oraz jej adaptacja na gruncie dyscypliny i zgodnie z obowiązującymi w niej stanem wiedzy i regułami metodologicznymi. N2 - This monograph proves that the theory and practice of education, inspired by Erich Fromm's thought, can find in it a coherent and valuable interpretation representing the emancipatory orientation in the critical theory of education. He also indicates that the set of findings and solutions proposed by him without major obstacles can be a reservoir of individual borrowings for general pedagogy, the theory of upbringing, as well as interactions serving the formation of the entirety of human life abilities. In addition, he proves that the judgments formulated in his books and the theses put forward there remain an important source for further reflection in critical pedagogy, philosophy and education, as well as for research undertaken in various areas of educational sciences. Fromm's indicated and potential contribution to pedagogy included in this book, established on the basis of a comprehensive elaboration of his thought, can be reduced to a list of several complex issues developed in individual chapters, such as: the concept of human nature, human development, subjectivity, health and the ideal of upbringing; theory of society and its impact on the formation of personality and life skills; dialectic the concept of social change and the place and role of education in it; theory of individual and social alienation; the concept of emancipation through education; the theory of the emancipation movement; the concept of the teacher as a transformative intellectual; social utopia theory; the concept of pedagogical doctrine and their connections in the educational ideology of radical humanism; general theory ideology; the concept of a hidden education program and criteria for their criticism; asylum pedagogy theory. It should be noted that the consistent implementation of the research task required not only the reconstruction, analysis and interpretation of Fromm's concept, its philosophical context and the influence of the intellectual and cultural milieu from which it originated, but in several cases also determining, reporting or indicating the state of the current discussion in pedagogy and individual humanities and social sciences on the issues he refers to in his interdisciplinary writings. In other words, the task required adaptation to the circumstances conditioning the undertaken translation work, so that the consequences of Fromm's thought for pedagogy could be correctly presented and its adaptation within the discipline and in accordance with the state of knowledge and methodological rules applicable in it. [Google translator, 12/2022] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wójtowicz, Agniezska T1 - O samotności i miłości w >Pożądaniu w cieniu wiązów< Eugene'a O'Nilla [On Loneliness and Love in >Desire Under the Elms< by Eugene O'Neill] [Sur la solitude et l’amour dans >Desir sous les ormes< d’Eugene O’Neill], in: S. Caputa and A. Woźniakowska (Eds.): Wielkie tematy literatury amerykańskiej. Vol. 7, Miłoś, Katowice (Publishing House of the University of Silesia) Poland 2017, pp. 45-55, Polish. [ISBN: 9788322631478] N2 - The authoress of this article has attempted to read the play by an American playwright Eugene O’Neill in the light of the concept of love as proposed by Erich Fromm in 1956. This German philosopher argued that the only way to escape loneliness, a feeling to which everybody is doomed, is to unite oneself with another person in love. In a popular publication, titled >The Art of Loving<, Fromm describes various forms of love. >Desire Under the Elms< – a play written more than three decades before Fromm’s publication – seems to illustrate these philosophical considerations. Such a view on O’Neill’s work allows to notice its human dimension, and perceive its protagonists as an embodiment of the universal human condition. N2 - L’auteure du present article a essaye d’interpreter une piece du dramaturge americain Eugene O’Neill a travers le prisme de la notion d’amour, selon la conception proposee par Erich Fromm en 1956. Ce philosophe allemand trouvait que l’union avec autrui dans l’amour est le seul moyen de s’evader de la solitude, a laquelle est condamne chaque homme. Dans la publication populaire intitulee L’art d’aimer, Fromm decrit differentes formes d’amour. Desir sous les ormes, piece redigee plus de trois decennies avant le livre de Fromm, semble etre l’illustration de ces reflexions philosophiques. Un tel regard sur la piece d’O’Neill permet de voir sa dimension humaine et, dans ses heros, l’incarnation de la condition universelle de l’homme. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Fengcheng T1 - 人的全面發展如何可能:佛洛姆教育理論研究 [How Comprehensive Human Development is Possible: A Study of Fromm's Theory of Education], Doctoral dissertation, Institute of East Asian Studies, National Chengchi University, Taiwan 2005. N2 - 佛洛姆雖然沒有提出系統的教育理論,但其理論以人的全面發展、充分誕生為目標,以建立人本主義的社會主義社會為理想,冀望人人覺悟異化的實相,努力克服非理性的熱情與性格,發展生產性格,以解決生存的矛盾,而能夠健全的生活,實具有教育理論的內涵。本文所嘗試為其建立的教育理論,奠基於其人性論、異化論與歷史唯物論,既重視人本身人性力量的發揮,也重視社會整體結構對人發展的影響,有別於先前對其教育理論探討者之忽視社會結構的分析。其人性論承繼馬克思的人性論,以自由而有意識的活動的社會存有為人的本質,同時又根據其心理分析實踐的反思,以內在於人生存處境的矛盾為人的本質。人要獲得自由,必須擴大對自己無意識的覺察,從無意識的壓抑中解放出來。在最深的無意識中,人可以覺察到普遍的人性,而體驗到與所有人類為一體。一般人無法意識到如此深的無意識,但如能意識到其性格結構、社會性格、社會無意識、社會的意識形態等,則能覺察到諸種壓抑其自由發展的內、外在障礙。資本主義社會的生產方式,促使人發展非生產性的市場性格、接受性格等異化的性格,又發展出產業與人工頭腦時代的宗教,來強化這些性格。人由這些非生產性格發展出貪婪、自戀、亂倫固著、威權性格、破壞性等非理性熱情,又屈從於匿名權威,成為自動機器人,遂不得自由發展。人由生產性的工作、工作社群、產業民主、健全消費、全民參與式民主、集體藝術、人本主義的宗教與教育,可以發展生產性格結構,發展生產性的愛與理性的力量,以克服與自我、他人、自然異化的生存矛盾,而達到與世界合一的真我,真正得到自由的發展。生產性格者能夠帶動產生更多的生產性格者,一個社會若有許多生產性格者,就能逐漸轉變社會盛行的價值與觀念,進而逐漸轉變社會性格與社會的生產方式。佛洛姆以生產性的愛為基礎的認識論,和格物致知的修養功夫相似,必須格除私欲,克服自戀等非理性熱情,以無我的愛與世界關聯,心清淨無染,才能看清世界。在這個基礎上,才能發展愛與理性的能力,及其他的人性潛能。故學為聖人,放下自我,從自我的牢籠中脫離出來,乃人得以自由發展的重要關鍵。以「存有」情態學習人類導師與人本宗教的教誨,知行合一的實踐博愛,能夠克服自戀,發展生產性格。能相當程度的發展生產性格,解決生存矛盾之後,才能健全的生活,發展各種人性潛能。生產性格的教育者與領導人「作之君、作之親、作之師」,將家庭、學校、公司等小團體,建立成以愛生性為導向的學習社會,可以促進所有成員生產性格的發展。這種學習社會可以漸次擴大,而將整個社會、國家建立成以愛生性為導向的團體。經由教育者的愛與人格典範、童蒙養正、教勞結合、內在自我實現動機的啟發、落實所教內容、對受教者的信心,可以幫助人發展生產性格,克服異化。教育學的理論與實踐,應更重視整體社會結構與歷史對人的影響,應更重視德育對人整體發展的影響,避免將自私、異化的人視為常態,而應以幫助人發展成生產性格者為目標去進行研究與實踐。 N2 - Although Erich Fromm did not develop a systematic theory of education, his theories have profound implications for human education. In this dissertation I aim to construct a theory of education by exploiting Fromm’s theory of human nature, theory of alienation, and theory of historical materialism. It emphasizes the power of human nature, and at the same time takes into account the effects of social structure, which have so far been neglected in existing literatures. According to Fromm, a man’s full development can be achieved only if he has a productive character. The cultivation of a productive character is therefore an essential issue for education theory. Capitalistic mode of production tends to induce in man unproductive marketing, receptive, and other alienated characters, which are further enforced by the ensuing industrial and cybernetic religions. By means of work community, sane consumption, participant democracy, collective art, humanistic religion and education, Fromm wished to build a socialist society which can help its people develop a productive character: For instance, an educator or leader can establish a learning community orientated toward biophilia in his family, school, or company, and help its members develop productive character through his love for them. If such community could pervade the entire society, the growth in people with productive character would gradually transform the overwhelming social values and ideas, and make impacts to the social character and the mode of production. Fromm’s theory of knowledge based on productive love is akin to Wang young-ming’s philosophy of gewuzhizhi. It is only when man could get rid of irrational passions and associate with the world with selfless love, while possessing a pure, uninfected mind, that he could see the world clearly. He is then able to develop productive love and reason, and other human potentialities. Therefore, learning to become a saint, transcending the delusive reality of the solitary self, are keys to man’s free development. Learning the teachings of great teachers of humankind and humanistic religion with “being orientation”, practicing love without distinction, will help man do away with narcissism and cultivate a productive character. It is important to recognize that the theory and practice of education should pay more attention to the impacts of social structure and history upon man, and put more emphasis on the effects of moral education and character development. In particular, in both theory and practice, education should never take selfish and/or alienated individuals as usual, but should rather aim to cultivate in them a productive character. Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woźniak, Waldemar T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructivity (Polish). JF - Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne, Vol. 13 (2004), 438-440. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Lin T1 - A Study of Alienation in Anne Tyler’s Works Based on Genette’s Narrative Theories –Taking >Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant< and >The Accidental Tourist< for Examples, World Literature, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Anne Tyler is deemed as one of the most outstanding writers and literary critics in contemporary America. Over her long career, distinguished by her vivid description of the conflicts in family life, Tyler has continually published over twenty novels, as well as over fifty short stories and numerous book reviews. Among them, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1982) and >The Accidental Tourist< (1985) are two typical examples. The two novels share a common theme: alienation and loneliness, and the author uses the narrative model of internal focalization in both novels. The difference is that in >Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant<, Tyler flexibly adopts three models of internal focalization: fixed internal focalization, variable internal focalization and multiple internal focalization. While in >The Accidental Tourist<, fixed internal focalization is employed throughout the story. These two novels do not have the tortuous and bizarre storyline, but only revolve around trivial matters that have occurred in family, including the contradiction and estrangement between family members and so on. Judging from the existing literature at home and abroad, there is still great potential for in-depth research on Anne Tyler and her two novels. Based on Gérard Genette’s Narrative Theories, this thesis is devoted to a comparative study of alienation in Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant and >The Accidental Tourist< by means of close reading and theoretical analysis, so as to help readers gain a deep understanding of Tyler’s writing style and alienation theme, and also render a new perspective for further interpretation of Tyler’s family novels. This thesis consists of six parts. Chapter One first gives a brief introduction to the writer Anne Tyler and her works. Then, the definition of alienation is presented, especially Fromm’s views on alienation. In the end of this chapter, the significance and structure of the thesis are pointed out.– Chapter Two is Literature Review. In this part, the study on Anne Tyler and her two representative novels at home and abroad are shown.– Chapter Three is the theoretical framework of the thesis, in which Genette’s narratology theory is explained in detail, especially the narrative focalization: zero focalization, internal focalization, external focalization.– Chapter Four and Chapter Five are the main body of the thesis. Chapter Four aims to compare and analyze the manifestation of alienation in the two novels from different internal focalization types. This chapter can be divided into two parts. The first part will analyze the self-alienation in the two novels. The second part will explore the alienation of interpersonal relationship in the two novels, including two types: the alienation among family members and the alienation with non-family members. And the environmental alienation will be taken into consideration in this part, which accelerates the alienation of characters in the two novels.– Chapter Five is expected to elaborate the external and internal reasons of the alienation in the two novels, and explore the countermeasures to overcome alienation. External reasons, such as the social and historical background, the writer’s experience, the influence of American Southern literature and the family background are analyzed. In view of the internal reasons, this thesis puts an emphasis on personal attitude and choice. In terms of countermeasures, the strength of family ties weakens the alienation in >Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant<. While in >The Accidental Tourist<, the greatness of affection helps the protagonist Macon overcome alienation partially.– Chapter Six – conclusion part, the author summaries the previous viewpoints and puts forward the suggestion for further study. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Jinrong T1 - Werner’s Pursuit of Positive Freedom – An Analysis of >All the Light We Cannot See< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Theory of Freedom, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - The young American novelist Anthony Doerr spent ten years creating >All the Light We Cannot See<, which won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Literature for its subtle storyline and beautiful writing upon its publication. The novel tells the story of Werner, an orphan who embarks on the way of negative freedom due to his ignorance to the world and his worship of authoritarianism, and eventually breaks free from various fetters to gain true freedom. The German humanist philosopher Fromm constructs the unique theory of freedom based on psychoanalysis and Marxism. The negative freedom and positive freedom he proposed constitute the core of his theory of freedom. Fromm argues that the removal of external obstacles does not imply true freedom because it does not guarantee the realization of true development of man’s own power. Instead, positive freedom is the essence of freedom, and true freedom can be fully achieved only when man fully exerts his power of spontaneity and creativity and establishes a close connection with the world. Based on Fromm’s theory of freedom, this thesis interprets the manifestations of Werner’s descent into negative freedom in terms of authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automaton conformity. In addition, this thesis addresses three periods of Werner’s pursuit of positive freedom, namely, the beginning period of conscience awakening, the critical period of spontaneous development, and the realization period of positive freedom. True freedom can be achieved only when man lives spontaneously as a complete subject. Negative freedom brings Werner anxiety and loneliness, so he sets out to pursue positive freedom. Ultimately, Werner achieves self-identity and positive freedom through love, creative work and rational faith. The purpose of this thesis is to reveal that freedom from bondage and obstacles offers us only negative freedom, which seems to bring a sense of security but is followed by endless loneliness and nothingness. Unlike negative freedom, positive freedom provides a true sense of happiness and belonging based on self-actualization. We should acknowledge the existence of negative freedom and strive to achieve true freedom through spontaneous love and creative activity. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woodall, Tony T1 - Driven to excess? Linking calling, character and the (mis)behaviour of marketers JF - Marketing Theory, Vol. 12, No. 2 (2012), pp. 173-191. [Online ISSN 1741-301X] [doi.org/10.1177/1470593111418797] N2 - We are presently at a point of unique circumstantial convergence where recession, an increased emphasis on business ethics, and marketer’s reluctance to accept shifting social agendas have combined to identify the need for a new approach to marketing. Using concepts from the human resources, marketing and psychology literatures, and especially Erich Fromm’s ideas concerning economic character, this paper posits that marketers – as a professional community – are driven to promote consumerist outcomes; victims of an automaton amalgam of calling and character. The analysis suggests the vulnerability of both marketer and consumer are mutually reinforcing and that we need, somehow, to break this damaging cycle of dependence. We know little, however, about how marketers think and feel about their discipline, so this paper also promotes an agenda for marketer behaviour research, as a countervailing balance to a currently disproportionate focus on the consumer. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Guanjun T1 - Love Revolution and Algorithmic Revolution: From Platform Capitalism to Post-humanism [爱的革命与算法革命——从平台资本主义到后人类主义] JF - Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), No. 5 (2022), pp.:11-23. N2 - In the last decade we have witnessed the vast development of AI algorithm, which is perceived as a new approach to solve human problems. Meanwhile, within the humanist framework love is regarded as the answer to human survival as well as to the question of good life. However, love itself is in crisis today. AI (which is exactly how love is pronounced in Chinese/Mandarin), with its algorithmic revolution, is nonetheless powerless in coping with the crisis of love revolution. In the post-humanistic horizon, we are facing three different kinds of >black box<. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, Dawei A1 - Cao, Guihua T1 - Analysis of the Psychological Predicament of Contemporary College Students from the Perspective of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< (2022) [从弗洛姆《逃避自由》的角度分析当代大学生心理困境] JF - Culture Journal [文化学刊], No. 5 (2022), 165-169. N2 - 进入高校的大学生们尚未完全成熟,同时面临着学习与就业过程中的种种问题。2020年至今,新冠肺炎疫情反复出现,中国是世界上控制疫情最好的国家之一,因此,中国大学生出国留学率降低,国内考研升学与考编竞争更加激烈,加剧了大学生学习与择业方面的心理困境。从弗洛姆的《逃避自由》为理论背景分析当代大学生>躺平<>内卷<心态与学习焦虑、内心空虚、择业迷茫、盲目从众的现象,对其进行积极正确引导,增强其自信心,帮助大学生树立正确的学习观及择 N2 - College students who have entered colleges and universities are not yet fully mature, and are faced with various problems in the process of study and employment. Since 2020, the new corona pneumonia epidemic has repeatedly appeared. China is one of the countries with the best control of the epidemic in the world. Therefore, the rate of Chinese college students studying abroad has decreased, and the competition for domestic postgraduate entrance examinations and examinations has become more intense. Psychological Dilemma. From the theoretical background of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< to analyze the phenomena of >lying down< and >involution< mentality and learning anxiety, inner emptiness, confusion in choosing a career, and blind conformity of contemporary college students, and actively and correctly guide them to enhance their self-confidence, to help college students establish a correct view of learning and choose. [Translation: Google translator, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Donghua T1 - Psychoanalytic Psychologists’ View of the Female Psychology [精神分析心理学家的女性心理观] JF - Journal of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University [南京晓庄学院学报], No. 4 (2023), pp. 74-79. N2 - 女性心理的发生、发展和变化规律及与男性心理的差异,是心理学的一项重要研究任务。然而,纵观科学心理学近一个半世纪的发展历程,女性心理并不是众多心理学家特意关注的显性主题。在众多心理学理论流派中,精神分析心理学家对女性心理的研究最多也最深入。弗洛伊德及其后继者从不同角度和层面对女性心理进行了探讨和揭秘。弗洛伊德强调性本能,其早期追随者荣格强调原型、阿德勒强调社会地位,其后期追随者霍妮强调社会文化环境、埃里克森强调社会经验、克莱因强调母女关系、弗洛姆强调社会心理氛围。精神分析心理学家在各自理论框架内提出和阐释自己的女性心理观,对后来女性心理学发展和女性心理研究具有重要意义。 N2 - The occurrence, development and change law of female psychology and its difference with male psychology is an important research task of psychology. However, looking at the development of scientific psychology in the past one and a half centuries, female psychology is not a dominant theme that many psychologists have deliberately focused on. Among the many theoretical schools of psychology, psychoanalytic psychologists have studied the female psyche the most and in the most depth. Freud and his successors explored and uncovered the female psyche from different angles and levels. Freud emphasized sexual instinct, his early followers Jung emphasized archetypes, Adler emphasized social status, his later followers Horney emphasized socio-cultural environment, Erikson emphasized social experience, Klein emphasized mother-daughter relationship, and Fromm emphasized psychosocial atmosphere. Psychoanalytic psychologists proposed and elaborated their own view of female psychology within their respective theoretical frameworks, which was important for the subsequent development of female psychology and the study of female psychology. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 12/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Tianhai T1 - Psychologists across Borders: Erich Fromm and Mid-20th Century America (2022) [跨界的心理学家:埃里克·弗洛姆与20世纪中期的美国] JF - World Culture [世界文化], No. 7 (2022), pp. 10-15 N2 - 在心理学界,埃里克·弗洛姆可谓是一名具有独特风格的学者,与西格蒙特·弗洛伊德、卡尔·荣格等前辈心理学者相比,弗洛姆的学术视野开阔,涉猎广泛,将心理学、神学、社会学、文化学熔为一炉。他不仅著作等身,而且将心理学引入了大众视野,从“二战”到20世纪五六十年代,他的作品不断成为社会关注的焦点,引领并改变着美国人乃至整个西方社会看待世界的方式。本文主要介绍弗洛姆的生平、著作以及其对美国社会生活产生的影响。 N2 - Weeds<, We Must Plant >Crops< – Talking about How to Abandon Non-Love and Build True Love [欲除>杂草<,须种>庄稼<——谈如何摈弃非爱构建真爱] JF - Examination Weekly [考试周刊], No. 91 (2014), p. 172. N2 - 什么是非爱行为?师爱在教育理论中始终处于核心地位,被视为教育的灵魂和本质。夏丏尊认为:>教育之不能没有感情,没有爱,如同池塘没有水一样。没有水,就不能称其为池塘,没有爱就没有教育。<安东尼·华尔士认为,爱意味着主动关心他人的幸福。弗洛姆认为,爱是给予、关心、责任感、尊重和了解。非爱行为是打着爱的旗号让爱的对象按照自己的意愿去做,是以爱的名义对爱的对象进行强制性束缚、限制和控制。 N2 - What is non-loving behavior? Teacher love has always been at the heart of educational theory, and is regarded as the soul and essence of education. According to Xia Hideaway, >Education cannot be without affection, without love, just like a pond without water. Without water, it cannot be called a pond, and without love, there is no education.< According to Anthony Walsh, love means taking an active interest in the well-being of others. According to Fromm, love is giving, caring, responsibility, respect and understanding. Non-loving behavior is to make the object of love do what one wants in the name of love, to bind, restrict and control the object of love coercively in the name of love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Ying T1 - The Happiness Theory and Its Contemporary Interpretation, Master thesis, Ethics, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - In all ages, whatever social economy and class structure change, happiness is always the pursuit goal of people from vary historical ages. Based on the social and historical reality, the philosophers have given a lot of judgments about happiness, and happiness problem is always a major task in ethnics study. However, the ideologists a tall times and in all countries have vary opinions about happiness unable to decide which is right. So, for the people in modern society it has important meaning to card happiness theory and discuss its signification and essence. Firstly this paper carded the tradition of Chinese happiness theory. In the view of history, Chinese ideologists’ viewpoints of happiness can be divided into two parts, deontology and utilitarianism. Although these two parts have different contestations respectively, they also have an accordant viewpoint at happiness realization, that is, to achieve happiness by self-improvement.– Then this paper carded tradition of western happiness theory to classify it into two kinds, hedonistic eudemonism and consummate eudemonism. The hedonistic considered that happiness was based on people’s feeling. They thought feeling pleasure was happiness with some representatives such as Locke, Bentham, Muller, Feuerbach etc. However the consummate was firstly mentioned by Aristotle. It considered that perfection was happiness with some other representatives such as Paulsen, Fromm etc.– The third part of paper summarized Marxist eudemonism including main structure, inscapes, social historical conditions, evolution rules and characters etc. Marxist eudemonism is based on criticism and self-reflection on hedonistic and consummate. Itis scientific to lead contemporary people to correctly realize and achieve happiness.– The last part of paper tried to give a contemporary interpretation on happiness. It considered that contemporary happiness mainly embodied in the people’s livelihood. After clarifying meanings of people’s livelihood and its problem, this paper discussed essence of people’s livelihood happiness, gave an opinion that the government must be mainly responsible for people’s livelihood happiness, and finally proposed a method to achieve happiness, that is, to establish a people oriented concept of happiness. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xin, Xiaoming T1 - Multi-dimensional Orientation of >Educational Freedom< from Fromm’s View of Freedom [从弗洛姆的自由观看>教育自由<的多维取向] JF - Learning & Education, Volume 10, Issue 4 (2021). N2 - 自由为人们提供了实现自我的机会和条件。同时,追求自由也是教育的价值诉求和终极理想。积极的教育自由意味着人类精神世界能够以健康、有价值的方式成长。弗洛姆的自由思想在西方学术界具有一定的影响,可以为深入探究教育与自由的关系提供新的理论视角。本文试图结合弗洛姆的自由理论,从认识论、心理学和伦理学三个方面对教育自由进行界定。[Automatic translation from English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022] N2 - Freedom provides people with opportunities and conditions to realize themselves. At the same time, the pursuit of freedom is also the value aspiration and ultimate ideal of education. Positive educational freedom means that the human spiritual world can grow up in a healthy and valuable way. Fromm’s thoughts on freedom have a certain influence in Western academic circles, and can provide a new theoretical perspective for in-depth exploration of the relationship between education and freedom. This paper tries to define educational freedom from epistemology, psychology and ethics in combination with Fromm’s theory of freedom. [Original English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Yufen T1 - Alienation and Salvation: A Study of Celeste Ng’s >Everything I Never Told You<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Celeste Ng is one of the most prominent contemporary Chinese American writers. Her debut novel >Everything I Never Told You<, which took six years to complete, has obtained a huge success since it was published. It won the first place of Amazon Book of the Year in 2014, making a sensation in the European and American literary circles. At present, scholars at home and abroad have mostly studied >Everything I Never Told You< from the perspectives of post-colonialism, feminism, cultural conflict, family education and family relations, but few of them have analyzed it from the perspective of alienation. Therefore, this thesis attempts to apply Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation to analyze the alienation theme in >Everything I Never Told You< from three perspectives: the alienation between man and society, the alienation between man and man, and the alienation between man and self, and elaborating on the ways in which each of these family members overcomes alienation to achieve salvation. Through the interpretation of alienation in >Everything I Never Told You<, this thesis aims to reveal the survival dilemma of the interracial families in Celeste Ng’s writings, insinuating the alienated state of modern people, and trying to provide a way for modern people to overcome alienation. When in a state of alienation, people can overcome alienation and achieve salvation by actively facing the dilemma, promoting their self-identity, cultivating the ability to love and building harmonious interpersonal relationships. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xi, Lin T1 - The China Model of Development as Solidarity JF - Chinese Political Science Review, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2020), pp. 31-49. [Online ISSN 2365-4252] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] What is the unique feature of China’s model of development? Upon reviewing the >dialectics of development< that draws on both Amartya Sen and Erich Fromm, this paper argues that the China Model may have a particular strength in reconstructing its Confucian tradition towards social solidarity. In China, like other countries with a rapid development, swift social transformation has brought to fore as many positive as negative consequences, on the basis of which a mixed record of development in modern society can be pathologically diagnosed. Following the Durkheimer's premise that these social ills may be cured by a shift from mechanical solidarity (characteristic of a traditional society) to its organic counterpart, this paper, drawing on both Fisk and Confucius, proposes the idea of >civitas hominicivitas homini<, when combined together, shall reach a stage of >res publica latium< (commonwealth) that ensures both individual liberties and social solidarity, with different communities entering into terms of intersubjective recognition, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence. Through this >civitas homini<, we can rewrite the paradigm of development as one that aims at solidarity rather than purely individualistic freedom. [Author's English] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Utopia i edukacja. Studia z filozofii, teorii edukacji i pedagogiki azylu [Utopia and Education. Studies in Philosophy and Pedagogy of Asylum], Wrocław (Department of General Pedagogy at the University of Wrocław, Lower Silesia) Poland 2021, 440 pp., Polish. (Series: Publications of the Department of General Pedagogy at the University of Wrocław – Issue IV.) [ISBN 978-83-62618-68-2] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Mengyue T1 - The Consciousness of Constructing Black Community in >A Raisin in the Sun< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (Francis Academic Press, UK), Vol. 6, No. 15 (2023), pp. 29 – 34 [ISSN 2616-5783] [doi.org/10.25236/AJHSS.2023.061505] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Lorraine Hansberry, the first black playwright and the youngest American to win a New York Critics’ Circle award, her >A Raisin in the sun<, opens on Broadway with great success. This paper mainly adopts the Alienation Theory of Fromm to explore her consciousness of reconstructing an inclusive Black Community based on disclosing that the dreams of the black people are distorted into sublime objects constructed by the dominant ideology. Grounded on the three principles from Fromm’s Alienation theory, this paper finds that Hansberry has not only suggested that the elimination of alienation can be achieved by the strong power of family bonds but also highlighted the essential role that the Black tradition plays in the construction of an inclusive Black Community where black people can traverse the ideological fantasy and develop their racial pride. [Author's English] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Shijie T1 - On the Theme of Alienation in Mrs. Gaskell’s >Mary Barton<, Master thesis, World literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Mrs. Elizabeth Gaskell is considered to be one of the most influential British female writers in the 19th century, whose works are famous for reflecting the labor conflicts between the bourgeoisie and the working class, such as >Mary Barton<, >North and South<, >Ruth<, and so on. Mrs. Gaskell published her first novel >Mary Barton< in 1848. Taking the British Chartist Movement and the worker's strike as its background, the novel which has high realistic value profoundly describes the real social life and ideological situation of the workers in Manchester under the oppression of capitalists. In the 19th century, in terms of the English literature which reflects the daily life of the working class vividly and carefully, the achievements of this novel are incomparable with any other works. In recent years, with the rise of western feminism and the emergence of some criticisms of literary and cultural which focus on the social historical background, the classic novel >Mary Barton< has aroused people‘s interests and attentions again. Taking Mrs. Gaskell‘s >Mary Barton< as the research object, on the basis of Fromm‘s alienation theory, this thesis explains the theme of alienation in the novel.– The thesis consists of three parts including introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction part mainly presents the life of Mrs. Gaskell, the principal content of >Mary Barton<, as well as the literature review and thesis statement. The main body of this thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin and development of alienation theory, especially the main contents of Fromm‘s alienation theory, including man‘s self-alienation, the alienation between man and man, and the alienation between man and nature. The second chapter analyzes the self-alienation of the characters in the novel, mostly including Mary‘s absurd view of love, John‘s twisted character, and Old Carson‘s vulgar view of interest, etc, which reveal the far-reaching impact of self-alienation on the characters, and ultimately lead to the tragic endings of these characters. The third chapter discusses the alienation between man and man from the aspects of family and work relations in the novel. The fourth chapter expounds the alienation between man and nature, that is, the opposite relationships between man and nature in the novel. On the one hand, the two metropolises of Manchester and London are gradually declining due to human activities. On the other hand, the disease outbreaks and the depletion of natural resources also have an indelible impact on people‘s lives. The fifth chapter explains the main reasons of the alienation in >Mary Barton<, which are the influence of the Chartist Movement, the rule of class consciousness and rights consciousness, the prevalence of egoism and the spread of Anthropocentrism. The conclusion part makes the summary of this thesis and briefly introduces the significance. Based on the analysis of the specific alienated images of characters in the novel, this thesis discusses the essence of alienation of human nature and estrangement of interpersonal relationship in capitalist society described by Mrs. Gaskell, and sparks thoughts about the nature of human, the relationships between man and nature and the relationships between people in contemporary society, which will further strengthen the confidence in building a healthy and harmonious society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xue, Han T1 - An Interpretation of Alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - As a master of American literature and a representative writer of academic school in the 20th century, Saul Bellow revealed the spiritual crisis encountered by intellectuals and reflected the spiritual emptiness of people in the social background of moral decline and materialistic desire. >More Die of Heartbreak< is a novel written by Bellow during his latter period of creation. The novel shows the complicated contemporary love, marriage, family condition and the alienated society that is trapped by money, consumerism, and sex. In this thesis, Erich Fromm’s humanism is used to deeply interpret the embodiments, causes, and salvation of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<.– The thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces Saul Bellow, >More Die of Heartbreak<, research status at home and abroad, alienation and humanistic theory.– Chapter two interprets the embodiments of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<, including self-alienation, interpersonal alienation, and alienation between people and society.– Chapter three explores the causes of alienation. Firstly, self-alienation is mainly caused by receptive character, irrational need for relatedness, and alienated way to satisfy relatedness. Secondly, causes of interpersonal alienation mainly include morbidity and liberation of sex, nonproductive character orientation, the impact of pragmatism and the contradiction of different cultures. Thirdly, consumers’ morbid desire for sign value and the media with negative guidance also lead to alienation between human and society.– Chapter four explores how to overcome alienation. Firstly, it expounds that Benn and Kenneth overcome self-alienation through self-improvement. Secondly, individuals can overcome loneliness and rebuild harmonious interpersonal relationships under the salvation of love. Finally, the being mode of existence advocated by Fromm is helpful for individuals to overcome the influence of social alienation and reshape harmony between man and society.– The last chapter is the conclusion, which points out that although contemporary westerners are troubled by alienation, people can still resist alienation through self-improvement, love, and choosing the being mode of existence. It is significant to overcome alienation in a materialistic society from the perspective of humanism. While exploring the embodiments, causes, and solutions of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<, this thesis hopes to raise people’s concern about the elimination of alienation and provide enlightenment on how to overcome alienation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Hanyu T1 - The Study of Fromm’s Ideas on Sane Society, Master thesis, Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2023 [doi.org/10.27441/d.cnki.gyzdu.2023.002580] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As a contemporary psychoanalyst and philosopher, Fromm devoted his life to researching how to heal the mentally ill in contemporary society and to uncovering the root causes of people’s sicknesses in capitalist society. He tried to explain, what is the nature of human beings, what are human needs and the causes of human pathological alienation, etc. Unlike the one-sided criticism of other thinkers on political and economic aspects, Fromm analyzed the causes of the sickness of Western capitalist society from the internal to the external environment, from the individual to the group, from the individual to the society, from the primitive society to the historical class change, from the aspects of man and others, man and nature, man and society, and man and himself, and built a blueprint of a sane society. He pointed out the need to make a sane society a reality through the simultaneous implementation of a political, economic, and psychological revolution.– This paper is a re-investigative analysis of Fromm’s idea of sane society, divided into four parts. The first part, to sort out the background and ideological origins of Fromm’s sane society theory. In the second part, we analyze the logical structure of Fromm’s sane society theory, analyze the nature of human beings, the dichotomy of human existence, human survival needs, and human social needs, and focus on the problem of mental alienation arising from the suppression of human survival needs, the social character as an intermediary between individuals and society, and the root cause of the alienation of social character, and make a presentation of the pathological personality and pathological society presented by the alienation. The presentation is based on this. On this basis, Fromm’s vision of economic change, political change, and cultural change and his strategies for practice are discussed. The last section analyzes the theoretical orientation of sane social thought and its practical implications for contemporary society. It is not difficult to find from Fromm’s sane social thought that his thought is very distinctly humanistic. By thinking about human nature and how to forge a healthy personality, combining Freud’s psychoanalytic doctrine with Marx’s theory of anthropology and the theory of labor alienation, he formed his unique theoretical system, the humanistic psychoanalysis. His concern for the mental health of all human beings and his pursuit of the >free development of all human beings< are in line with the core values of the comprehensive development of the state under the current conditions of socialist market economy, which are people-oriented and have great inspiration and practical guidance on how to solve social problems. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Linlin A1 - Zhang, Sihui T1 - Ethical Exploration of Short Video Alienation from the Perspective of Technology Humanization [技术人道化视域下的短视频异化问题伦理探究] N2 - 网络时代的信息化发展,使短视频APP成为人们日常娱乐的重要途径。短视频APP在给人们带来多种文化产品的同时也带来了一系列问题,如短视频制作及使用主体的异化,短视频技术及平台的异化、尤其是网络主体在异化技术的驱使下逐渐迷失自我等问题。文章从弗洛姆的人道主义视角出发,探讨了短视频技术所带来的异化问题,并提出了良性自我意识培养和建立合理机制等治理方法。 N2 - The development of information technology in the network era has made short video App an important way for people's daily entertainment. While bringing a variety of cultural products to people, short video app also brings a series of problems, such as the alienation of short video production and use subjects, the alienation of short video technology and platform, and especially the gradual loss of self driven by the alienation technology of online subjects. From Fromm's humanistic perspective, the article discusses the alienation brought about by short video technology and proposes ways to deal with it, such as cultivating a benign self-awareness and establishing a rational mechanism. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 1/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Han T1 - Alienated Society, Confused Little People – A Study of >Rabbit, Run< from the Perspective of Alienation Theory [异化的社会,迷惘的小人物——异化理论视角下的《兔子,跑吧》探究] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - English Square [期刊导航], No. 18 (2023), pp.72-75. N2 - 《兔子,跑吧》是厄普代克>兔子四部曲<中的第一部,主要讲述了不堪忍受平庸的生活以及家庭琐事的青年男性哈利想要逃脱原本生活的束缚,最后却又无法挣脱自己精神枷锁的故事。本文从弗洛姆的异化理论入手,从男女关系的异化与人与自我的异化两方面主题对《兔子,跑吧》探讨,指出异化是时代背景下政治经济地位不平等而演化出的不满导致的。唯有用爱,才能克服异化,消除社会的异化。 N2 - >Rabbit, Run< is the first book in Updike's >Rabbit Tetralogy<, which mainly tells the story of Harry, a young male who is unable to bear the mediocrity of his life and the trivialities of his family and wants to escape from his original life, but in the end, he is unable to break free from his mental shackles. Starting from Fromm's theory of alienation, this paper explores >Rabbit, Run< from the themes of alienation of male-female relationship and alienation of man and self, pointing out that alienation is the result of dissatisfaction evolved from unequal political and economic status in the context of the times. Only with love can we overcome alienation and eliminate social alienation. [www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2023 Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Jin T1 - Happiness and Moral Education, Starting with Filial Piety [幸福德育,孝心入手] JF - New Head Teacher [新班主任], No. 6 (2016), p. 47. N2 - 说到孝心,有的中学生误认为,孝心就是能考出好成绩,孝心是长大以后才操心的事情,或者,孝心就是给父母物质享受——这些其实都是对孝心的误解。作为教育工作者,该如何对中学生进行正确的孝心教育指导,并以此为基础来创建幸福德育呢?呼吁学生尊重生命我认为,在教导学生如何尽孝时,最主要的一点就是告诉他们要尊重自己的生命。弗洛姆曾说:>尊重生命,尊重他人也尊重自己的生命,是生命进程中 …< N2 - When it comes to filial piety, some middle school students mistakenly believe that filial piety means being able to get good grades in exams, that filial piety is something to worry about only when they grow up, or that filial piety means giving material benefits to their parents – these are actually misconceptions about filial piety. As an educator, how should we provide correct filial piety education guidance to middle school students, and use this as a basis to create a happy moral education? To appeal to students to respect life, I think that when teaching students how to be filial piety, the most important point is to tell them to respect your own life. Fromm once said: >Respect for life, respect for others and respect for one's own life, is the process of life ...< [Translation: www.DeepL./Translator, free version, 5/2023] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalvac, Faruk T1 - Alienation and Marxism: An Alternative Starting Point for Critical IR Theory JF - E-International Relations, Jan. 27 (2022), pp. 3-7. [ISSN 2053-8626] N2 - This article aims to be an intervention into the recent discussions on the importance anxiety and ontological security in the study of International Relations (IR) (Kinvall and Mitzen, 2020; Hom and Steele, 2020; Rumelili, 2020). The paper poses an alternative critical starting point based on the Marxist concept of alienation. Marx’s work on alienation continued in historical materialist traditions such as in Lukács’ (1971) analysis reification has a lot to offer to the discussions on emotions and anxiety and the development of a politically relevant critical theory of IR. My purpose is to draw attention to the potential of Marxist social theory and particularly the concept of alienation in contributing to the development of an emancipatory critical IR theory. Most of the recent discussions on anxiety remain at an abstract level. The recent existential accounts of anxiety and ontological insecurity have subjectivist and idealist conceptions failing to account for the structures of power and domination in capitalist society. However, Marx’s concept of alienation deals with the consequences of power and domination in a more historically specific way (Sayers 2011, 1) providing the basis for a more meaningful social critique oriented to human emancipation. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - The New World of Values in Michael Ende's >Die unendliche Geschichte< [米切尔·恩德小说《永远讲不完的故事》中的新价值世界T], Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 《永远讲不完的故事》是德国作家米切尔·恩德最具代表性的青少年奇幻文学作品之一。作者借以小主人公巴斯蒂安在现实世界的遭遇深刻阐释现代人的普遍精神现状:孤独和内心荒芜,并致力于通过主人公在幻想王国的冒险重建一个新的价值世界来改变现状。为寻找这个新的价值世界,本文首先借用社会心理学家弗洛姆的“>社会性格<理论对文章提及的旧世界以及不同社会模式下的价值进行挖掘,再对生活在这些价值模式下的人进行主体间性分析。通过分析导致巴斯蒂安孤独以及内心荒芜的是一个理性当道的世界,而帮助他从幻想王国重回现实世界的则是>爱<。在这个以爱为名的世界里,爱不仅帮助巴斯蒂安突破孤独的壁垒,而且用其所独有的创造性丰富个体内心世界。除此之外,爱还帮助巴斯蒂安以全新的观点发现世界,重寻自我。因此,>爱<作为新的价值当之无愧,必能引导人类精神重新归家,还给人其人性尊严。 N2 - >Die unendliche Geschichte< [>The Neverending Story<] is one of the most representative works of young people's fantasy literature by German author Michael Ende. The author uses the encounter of the young protagonist Bastian in the real world to profoundly explain the common spiritual status of modern people: loneliness and inner desolation, and devotes himself to rebuilding a new value world through the adventures of the protagonist in the fantasy kingdom to change the status quo. In order to find this new world of values, this paper first uses social psychologist Fromm's >social character< theory to explore the old world and the values under different social models mentioned in the article, and then analyzes the inter-subjectivity of people living under these value models. Through this analysis, Bastian's loneliness and inner desolation are caused by a world where reason prevails, while >love< helps him to return from the fantasy kingdom to the real world. In this world of love, love not only helps Bastian to break through the barrier of loneliness, but also enriches his inner world with its unique creativity. In addition, love helps Bastian to discover the world with a new perspective and to rediscover himself. Therefore, >love< is a new value that will lead the human spirit back to its home and restore its human dignity. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Shanqi A1 - Yang, Xiaorui T1 - Consumption Alienation in the Digital Economy Era: Roots, Manifestations and Return to Autonomy [数字经济时代的消费异化:根源、表现与回归] JF - Unity, No. 6 (2022), pp. 33-35. N2 - 面对百年未有之大变局,>加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局<,消费已成为打通国内大循环生产、分配、流通、消费各个环节的重要突破口,作为劳动力再生产的必要手段,消费结构和质量更是关系到人民对美好生活的追求。数字经济时代人民消费的方式、内容和结构都发生了深刻的变革,消费主义文化在虚拟和现实世界交互中被放大,导致背离人本身需要的数字消费异化现象越来越成为一个不容忽视的社会问题。一、消费异化的根源消费异化理论可追溯到法兰克福学派埃里希·弗洛姆和赫伯特·马尔库塞的>消费领域的异化>和>虚假的需要<等概念。弗洛姆提到:因为消费成了目的本身因为消费不再是为了使用或享受买来的消费物品,所以购买和消费的行为成了强迫性的和非理性的目的。>同样,马尔库塞认为消费异化使人按照<虚假的需求>而消费,<>虚假的需求<是指那些在个人的压抑中由特殊的社 … N2 - In the face of the unprecedented changes in a century, >accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic circulation as the main body and the domestic and international circulation promoting each other<, consumption has become an important breakthrough to open the various links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption of the domestic circulation, as a necessary means of labor reproduction, the structure and quality of consumption is more related to People's pursuit of a better life. The way, content and structure of people's consumption in the digital economy have undergone profound changes, and the culture of consumerism has been amplified in the interaction between the virtual and real worlds, resulting in the alienation of digital consumption that deviates from people's own needs, which is becoming a social problem that cannot be ignored. The theory of consumer alienation can be traced back to the concepts of >alienation in the field of consumption< and >false needs< by Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse of the Frankfurt School. Fromm mentioned that >because consumption becomes an end in itself because it is no longer for the use or enjoyment of the bought consumer goods, the act of buying and consuming becomes a compulsive and irrational end.< Similarly, Marcuse argues that consumer alienation makes people consume according to >false needs<, >false needs< are those that are repressed by the individual in a special social … [Translation: www.deepL/Translator, free version, 5/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yan T1 - The Concept of >Human Nature< in the Eastern European Neo-Marxist Perspective – A Review of Marcuse's Interpretation of Marx's Concept of >Human Nature< [东欧新马克思主义视域中的>人的本质<概念——评马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读] JF - Social Sciences Abroad [国外社会科学], No. 1 (2013), pp. 27-35. N2 - 本文聚焦于东欧新马克思主义理论家马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读。在《马克思主义与人类学》中,马尔库什试图将马克思的>人的本质<概念与历史概念缝合在一起,进而阐明马克思的唯物史观。在有效区分>人的本性>和>人的本质<的基础上,他剖析了>人的本质<概念的三个要素:劳动、社会性和意识,并揭示出人的本质不是一切时代每个人类个体所必然具备的特性的总和,而是人类的真实的历史存在的那些特性,即自由、普遍性和主体性的实现。马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读,秉承了卢卡奇人道主义马克思主义的基本思路,同时又有效避免了弗洛姆和阿尔都塞的理论缺陷,在一定程度上超越了西方马克思主义理论家的基本理路,对我们深入理解马克思思想具有重要的参考价值。 N2 - This paper focuses on Eastern European Neo-Marxist theorist Marcuse's interpretation of Marx's concept of >human essence<. In Marxism and Anthropology, Marcuse attempts to stitch together Marx's concept of >human essence< and the concept of history, and thus clarify Marx's materialistic view of history. On the basis of the effective distinction between >human nature< and >human essence<, he analyzes the three elements of the concept of >human essence<: labor, sociality, and consciousness, and reveals that human essence is not the sum of the characteristics that every individual human being necessarily possesses in all times, but those characteristics of the real historical existence of human beings, namely, freedom, universality, and the realization of subjectivity. Marcuse's interpretation of Marx's concept of >human essence< follows the basic idea of Lukács' humanistic Marxism, while effectively avoiding the theoretical defects of Fromm and Althusser, and to a certain extent transcends the basic theories of Western Marxist theorists. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Mingyue A1 - Wang, Zhiyin T1 - Briony's Self-redemption Process in >Atonement< Based on Social Personality Theory [社会性格理论下《赎罪》中布里奥妮的自我救赎过程] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Peony [牡丹], No. 20 (2023), pp. 95-98. N2 - 赎罪》是麦克尤恩的一部著名的长篇小说,小说中悲剧形成的背后显然存在着更复杂的因素。本文以弗洛姆的社会性格理论为理论依据,从社会经济因素、父母意识两个方面出发,对书中推动布里奥妮作出错误指认的因素进行分析,并借此研究深埋在悲剧之后的一系列阶级问题和腐朽思想,发现严苛的阶级观念和畸形的母爱是造成布里奥妮畸形性格的元凶,而成年之后的布里奥妮又通过道德意识的觉醒,实现自我救赎。 N2 - >Atonement< is a famous novel by McEwan. There are obviously more complex factors behind the formation of the tragedy in the novel. This article uses Fromm's social personality theory as a theoretical basis, starting from two aspects: socioeconomic factors and parental awareness, to analyze the factors that promote Briony's wrong identification in the book, and to study the hidden consequences behind the tragedy. A series of class issues and decadent ideas revealed that strict class concepts and abnormal maternal love were the culprits of Briony's deformed character. After adulthood, Briony realized self-salvation through the awakening of moral consciousness. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 12/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Liyin T1 - The Marxist Viewpoint of the Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派的马克思主义观] JF - Marxist Philosophical Research [马克思主义哲学研究], No. 00 (2011), pp. 224-235. N2 - 在马克思主义批判理论的宏旨下,法兰克福学派从多种视角出发继承和发展了马克思主义。霍克海默将其理论阐明为一种>批判理论<;阿多诺提出了以连续否定为核心的否定辨证法;马尔库塞先后将海德格尔、黑格尔、弗洛伊德与马克思的思想结合起来,对当代资本主义社会以及苏联马克思主义进行了有力的批判;弗洛姆将马克思主义视为一种人学,将其与精神分析学结合起来提出了>社会性格<等新范畴,并力图以此揭示经济基础和上层建筑相互作用的微观机制;哈贝马斯在批判吸收历史唯物主义的基础上,运用其交往理论的解释框架提出了以主体间的互动为社会发展基本动力的理论。 N2 - Under the grand purpose of Marxist critical theory, the Frankfurt School inherited and developed Marxism from various perspectives. Horkheimer's theory was articulated as a >Critical theory<; Adorno put forward a discursive method of negation with continuous negation as the core; Marcuse combined the ideas of Heidegger, Hegel, Freud and Marx to make a powerful critique of contemporary capitalist society and Soviet Marxism; Fromm regarded Marxism as an anthropology and combined it with psychoanalysis to put forward new categories such as >social character<. Fromm regarded Marxism as an anthropology and combined it with psychoanalysis to propose new categories such as >social character< and tried to reveal the micro mechanisms of the interaction between the economic base and the superstructure; Habermas, based on the critical absorption of historical materialism, used the explanatory framework of his interaction theory to put forward the theory of the interaction between subjects as the basic driving force of social development. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - A Study of Marx's Influence on Fromm's Social Character Theory [马克思对弗洛姆社会性格理论的影响研究], Master thesis, Psychology, Marxist Philosophy, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2021. N2 - The theory of social character is a creative theory that Fromm combines Marx’s social thought and consciousness view on the basis of Freud’s theory of character. Fromm regards Marx as a person of world historical significance. Although Freud sees personal psychological factors, he neglects the influence of social environment on human personality, which limits his vision. Marx thinks far more deeply and more than Freud. He examines human behavior from the social and economic structure, but the irrational factors were ignored, so Fromm tried to >melt the two into one furnace<. Meanwhile, the misreading and Misreading of Marx thought by >pseudo Marxism< made Fromm spend a lot of energy on studying and thinking about Marxism, not only criticizing it, but also expounding his understanding of Marxism. The author proposes the theory of social character to make up for the deficiency of Marx in the micro psychological level and the concrete transformation mechanism between economic foundation and superstructure. The concept of >social character< clearly reflects the traces of Marxist thought. Under the influence of Marx’s thought, Fromm examined the character in the relationship between man and the world, insisted that >the main thing of human is social existence<, and modified Freud with Marx ’social tendency, and explained the decisive effect of social economic structure on social character from the root and change of social character.– At the same time, we also noticed the role of >bond< and >explosive mortar< of social character, so as to explain the relative independence of social character. Not only that, Fromm also explored the foundation and premise of social character, namely, social unconsciousness. He put unconsciousness in the concrete world of reality for understanding, insisted that >consciousness is the product of society< and modified Freud’s >libido< with Marx’s >historical power<. He not only expounded the decisive role of social existence on social unconsciousness, but also saw the negative effect of social unconsciousness on social existence, and tried to make people realize the repression of facts, and seek the way of social change to break this repression.– Fromm’s theory of social character is influenced by Marx’s thought. Although he always bases on the people in the real society and examines the human character in social history, he still regards Marx thought as spiritual existentialism in essence, and the theoretical focus is on the role of social character on human behavior and thinking, and does not really understand Marxism, not only does the understanding of human nature stay in the abstract theory of human nature, but also does not touch the fundamental contradiction of capitalist society, and it is not realistic with a strong utopian color. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER -