TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Wille, Petra T1 - Die Geschichte der Frauenrechte in Auszügen, zusammengestellt von Petra Müller-Wille JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 180-199. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 21 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024h ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jörg T1 - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Selbstanalyse JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 042-060. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 19 Y1 - 2023 VL - d27/2023d ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mozaheb, Mohammad Amin T1 - Analyzing Lexical Items and the Thematic Structures of Two Translations of >To Have or to Be< by Eric Fromm JF - Journal: International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, Vol. 4, No. 11 (2021), pp. 157-167. [ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print)] N2 - There are different ways of assessing the quality of a good translation. This study tried to approach this task using House's (2015) translation quality assessment (TQA) model and Baker's (2018) marked thematic structure model, each introducing new ideas and novel ways to assess the quality of a translated work. Having reviewed the alternative TQA models, this study aims at a detailed investigation of House’s Model and its potential power to predict the errors in the Persian translation of chosen psychological work for this study. As a kind of complementary assessment for the source text (ST) and its two target texts (TTs), Baker's model was used to compare ST marked thematic structures with their TTs equivalents. Persian translations of Eric Fromm’s >To Have or To Be< on the basis of two chosen models were carried out. First, the errors (overt and covert errors), as well as thematic structures (marked vs. unmarked), were identified and classified, and then the frequency of their occurrences was computed to see whether there is any statistically significant difference. The results indicated that out of 100 selected items of the source text, TT1 and TT2 had 22 and 77 overtly erroneous items, respectively. The most frequent errors especially in TT2 by Mr. Tabrizi were mistranslation, breach of TL system, omission, and addition. The only covert error was a tenor mismatch between the writer of the source text and the translator of the target text. Since in two particular pieces of translation especially TT2, there were a lot of overt errors and according to House’s Model, a good translation has to be translated overtly and any deviation of it will be considered as an error, this translation can be considered as a covert rather than an overt translation. Considering the marked thematic structures, with the percentage of 94.5 and 79 in TT1 and TT2 by Mr. Sabouri and Mr. Tabarizi, it can be claimed that there was a high degree of correspondence between ST and its two TTs for marked structures. The product of this study could be beneficial for translators of psychological works to get familiar with problems in translation of these books as well as strategies used to cope with such problems. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Wille, Petra T1 - Begrüßung und Einführung in das Tagungsthema JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 094-106. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 20 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024h ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Helmut A. T1 - Review E. Fromm: Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch JF - Online-Rezension https://helmut-a-mueller.de/erich-fromm-wissenschaft-vom-menschen-ein-lesebuch/ Nordheim, 8. November 2022 Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Helmut A. T1 - Review R. Funk und H. Lechhab, Die Bedeutung Erich Fromms für die Gegenwart. Ein Interview JF - Online-Rezension https://helmut-a-mueller.de/erich-fromm-wissenschaft-vom-menschen-ein-lesebuch/ Nordheim, 10.2.2023. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mrówczyński, Pjotr T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Man for Himself. An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics (Polish). JF - Sztuka i Filozofia / Art and Philosophy, Vol. 11 (1996), pp. 234-235. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Andreas T1 - Fromms Gedanken. Ein Buchtipp JF - Darmstädter Echo 22. 03. 2000; [= Einsamer Rufer in der Konsum-Wüste], in: Südwestpresse Ulm 23. 03. 2000. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikiforov, German Sergeevich A1 - Gofman, Olga Olegovna T1 - Профессиональные задачи психолога здоровья [Professional tasks of a health psychologist] JF - Организационная психология [Organizational Psychology], Vol. 10, No. 3 (2020), pp. 246-260. [Online ISSN 2312-5942] [orgpsyjournal.hse.ru/data/2020/09/28/1368912391/OrgPsy_2020_3(13)_Nikiforov-Gofman(246-260).pdf] N2 - Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия Аннотация. Во второй половине двадцатого века психология здоровья вышла на одно из лидирующих мест в общем перечне наиболее актуальных направлений развития психологической науки. Изначальная проблема, поставленная в статье, заключается в имеющем место в настоящее время рассогласовании между востребованностью психологии здоровья и дефицитом кадрового ресурса (психологов здоровья), ориентированного на разработку этого научного направления. Цель данной работы заключается в том, чтобы в соответствии с концепцией жизненного пути человека, раскрыть в первом приближении перечень тех практических задач, решение которых может входить в профессиональную компетенцию психологов здоровья в России. Представления авторов базируются на концепции здоровой личности, основные положения которой были впервые сформулированы в отечественной науке известными психиатрами и психологами С. С. Корсаковым, И. А. Сикорским, В. М. Бехтеревым, а также западными представителями гуманистической психологии Г. Олпортом, К. Роджерсом, А. Маслоу, Э. Фроммом. В рассмотрение вводятся этапы перинатального периода, дошкольный и школьный возраст, обучение в средних профессиональных и высших учебных заведениях, профессиональная деятельность и выход на пенсию. Каждый этап развития человека рассматривается авторами как самостоятельный и предполагает вариативность стратегий образа жизни в общей структуре здоровья, а значит и практик формирования здорового поведения. В статье впервые последовательно рассмотрены основные особенности и риски каждого этапа жизненного пути, определен круг профессиональных задач психолога здоровья. В конце работы ставится вопрос о вариантах профессиональной подготовки данных специалистов в высших учебных заведениях. N2 - In the second half of the twentieth century, health psychology took one of the leading positions in the general list of the most relevant areas of development of psychological science. The initial problem posed in the article is the current discrepancy between the demand for health psychology and the lack of human resources (health psychologists) focused on the development of this scientific direction. The purpose of this work is to reveal, in accordance with the concept of a person’s life path, a first approximation of the list of practical tasks, the solution of which may be included in the professional competence of health psychologists in Russia. The author's ideas are based on the concept of a healthy personality, the main provisions of which were first formulated in Russian science by famous psychiatrists and psychologists S. S. Korsakov, I. A. Sikorsky, V. M. Bekhterev, as well as western representatives of humanistic psychology G. Allport, K. Rogers, A. Maslow, and E. Fromm. There view includes the stages of the perinatal period, prеschool and school age, education in secondary vocational and higher educational institutions, professional activity and retirement. Each stage of human development is considered by the authors as an independent one and assumes the variability of lifestyle strategies in the overall structure of health, and hence the practice of forming healthy behavior. The article for the first time consistently considers the main features and risks of each stage of the life path, defines the range of professional tasks of a health psychologist. At the end of the work, the question is raised about the options for professional training of these specialists in higher education institutions. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niswah, Shofiyatun T1 - Relasi Cinta dalam Novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< – Karya Gol A Gong [Love Relations in the Novel >Anxious Flying Gulls<. Gol A Gong's Work] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Bapala (University of Surabaya), Vol. 4, No. 1 (2017), 17 pp. N2 - Cinta adalah salah satu unsur yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan. Perasaan cinta biasanya dikaitkan dengan sebuah hubungan. Hubungan tidak hanya tentang hubungan antarmanusia saja, tetapi juga tentang keadaan. Pada novel Gelisah Camar Terbang karya Gol A Gong terdapat hubungan yang dilakukan antartokoh, maupun antarkeadaan. Hubungan ini dapat digambarkan melalui sebuah konsep milik A.J Greimas yang disebut konsep aktan. Menurut Greimas, aktan adalah sesuatu yang abstrak, seperti cinta, kebebasan, atau sekelompok tokoh. Novel tersebut bercerita tentang kehidupan cinta Chairul dan para TKI yang berada di Taiwan. Berkaitan dengan peristiwa yang menggambarkan cinta pada novel tersebut, Erich Fromm membagi objek cinta menjadi lima objek yakni cinta sesama, cinta ibu, cinta erotis, cinta diri, dan cinta kepada Allah. Berbagai hubungan dan objek cinta tersebut dapat ditemukan di novel Gelisah Camar Terbang karya Gol A Gong. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, rumusan masalah penelitian ini ada dua yakni; (1) Bagaimana hubungan relasional keenam fungsi aktan A.J Greimas dalam Novel Gelisah Camar Terbang karya Gol A Gong?, (2) Bagaimana objek cinta sesama, cinta ibu, cinta erotis, cinta diri, dan cinta kepada Allah dalam novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< karya Gol A Gong? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologis dalam menganalisis karakteristik tokoh dalam karya satra yang ditinjau dari objek cinta. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah novel Gelisah Camar Terbang karya Gol A Gong. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari jenis penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini menghasilkan data berupa kata, kalimat, dan wacana yang menunjukkan hubungan relational keenam aktan A.J Greimas dan bentuk cinta berdasarkan objek cinta menurut Erich Fromm. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik baca, catat, dan pustaka dalam pengumpulan data dan menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis serta metode hermeneutik dalam menganalisis data yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep aktan A.J Greimas dan objek cinta menurut Erich Fromm sebagai alat bedah analisis, yang di dalamnya mengandung konsep keenam fungsi aktan dan konsep cinta sesama, cinta ibu, cinta erotis, cinta diri, dan cinta kepada Allah. Hubungan relational keenam fungsi aktan berupa hubungan antara pengirim, objek, subjek, penolong, penerima, dan penentang pada beberapa peristiwa di dalam novel. Objek cinta sesama dalam novel ini berupa kepedulian antara sesama manusia. Cinta sesama tersebut dapat ditunjukkan dari cinta antara Chairul kepada para TKI dan cinta yang ditunjukkan oleh sesama TKI. Objek cinta ibu pada novel ini berupa kasih sayang ibu kepada anaknya. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dari kasih sayang ibu Chairul kepada Chairul. Objek cinta erotis berupa kasih sayang sepasang kekasih. Cinta erotis tersebut dapat diketahui dari cinta antara Chairul dan Halimah, dan cinta antara Halimah dan Joko. Objek cinta diri pada novel ini berupa kesadaran seseorang terhadap diri sendiri dalam menghargai kehidupan. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari perubahan Chairul yang lebih menghargai kehidupannya dan kehidupan orang lain di sekitarnya. Objek cinta kepada Allah pada novel ini berupa berupa rasa percaya bahwa Allah itu ada, adil, dan mengasihi umat-Nya. Hal tersebut dapat ditunjukkan dari sikap Halimah yang percaya kepada kehendak dari Allah. N2 - Love is one element that can not be separated from life. Feelings of love are usually associated with a relationship. Relationship are not just about human relationships, but also about circumstances. In novel entitled >Gelisah Camar Terbang< written by Gol A Gong, there are relationships between antartigs, as well as between countries. This relationship can be illustrated by a concept of A.J Greimas called the concept of actant. According to Greimas, actant is something abstract, like love, freedom, or a group of characters. The novel tells about the life of Chairul’s love and the Indonesian migrant labors who are in Taiwan. In connection with the events that depict the love of the novel, Erich Fromm divides the object of love into five objects: the love to others, the love of mother, the erotic love, the self-love, and the love to God. These relationships and objects of love can be found in novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< by Gol A Gong. Based on the background presented above, the statement of the problems of this research are two namely; (1) What is the relational relationship of the six function actants of AJ Greimas in novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< by Gol A Gong?, (2) How object of love to others, mother’s love, erotic love, self-love, and love to God in novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< by Gol A Gong? This research uses psychological approach in analyzing the characteristics of the characters in aliterary work viewed from love aspect. The source of data used in this research is novel >Gelisah Camar Terbang< by Gol A Gong. The design of the research is descriptive qualitative. In this design, the study produces data in the form of words, sentences, and discourses that show the relational relationship of the six actants A.J Greimas and the form of love based on the object of love according to Erich Fromm. The data collection of this study uses reading, noting, and literature study techniques and uses descriptive analysis techniques and hermeneutic methods in analyzing existing data. This study uses the concept of actant A.J Greimas and the object of love according to Erich Fromm as an analytical tool, which contains the sixth concept of actant function and the concept of the love to others, the love of mother, the erotic love, the self-love, and the love to God. The sixth relational function of the actant is the relationship between the sender, the object, the subject, the helper, the recipient, and the opponent at some event in the novel. The object of love to others in this novel is cares among human beings. The love to others can be seen from the Chairul’s love to the migrant labors and the love shown by fellow migrant labors. The object of the mother's love of this novel is mother's love to her child. This is presented on the love of Chairul's mother to Chairul. The object of erotic love form exists in the form of the affectionate of pair of lovers. Erotic love can be identified in the love between Chairul and Halimah, and the love between Halimah and Joko. The object of self-love in this novel is a person's awareness in appreciating life. It can be seen from the change of Chairul who appreciate his life and the life of others around him more. The object of love to God in this novel is the belief that God exists, be fair and loves His believers. This can be seen from Halimah's attitude of believing the will of God. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neyshaburi, Ehsan Emami A1 - Ghasemi, Parvin T1 - A Review of Individual and Social Madness in the Beats’ Literature and Life [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2016), pp. 25-42. [Online ISSN 2247-2371] [jhss.ro/downloads/14/articles/2 Neyshaburi.pdf] N2 - Madness is a crucial theme in the Beasts’ literature and life. This article distinguishes between individual and social madness and shows their influence on the Beats, using the ideas of Erich Fromm, Michel Foucault and many others and also using the Beats’ own works and ideas. The focus is of course more on Burroughs, Ginsberg, and Kerouac. The Beats did not adjust themselves to society because they believed that American society was so irrational and mad that it brutally suppressed their individuality, repressed their natural desires, and forced them to consider themselves mad just because of lack of adjustment. As opposed to those who regard lack of adjustment as the cause of individual madness, there are others who enunciate that the individual is not to blame but society which is inattentive to individuals’ potentialities and does not adjust itself to their needs and aspirations. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ni Éigeartaigh, Aoileann T1 - >How Can One Take Delight in the World Unless One Flees to It for Refuge?<: The Fear of Freedom in Erich Fromm and Franz Kafka JF - The Polish Journal of Aesthetics, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2019), pp. 15-31. [Online ISSN 2544-8242] [doi.org/10.19205/53.19.1] N2 - Erich Fromm points to a tendency whereby the numerous freedoms gained by the citizens of modern democracies have been accompanied by widespread feelings of loneliness and disconnection. The loosening of traditional social structures leads some individuals to seek out restrictions, for example in order to counteract the feelings of being alone. This essay uses Fromm’s thesis as a lens through which to examine two of Franz Kafka’s novels in which the protagonists exemplify the >fear of freedom< proposed by Fromm. Society in these novels is perceived as a prison cell in which one must comply with social regulations, but also a fortress to which one can retreat from the chaos of the outside world, albeit at the cost of one’s psychological health. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - El fenómeno de la tecnología: ¿liberación o alienación del hombre? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 362-375. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - Il fenomeno della tecnologia: liberazione o alienazione dell’uomo? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 373-385. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - O Fenômeno da Tecnologia: Libertação ou Alienação do Homem? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 347-361. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - The Phenomenon of Technology: Liberation or Alienation of Man? (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 106-119. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kyosuke, Nukaga T1 - 超自我支配による疎外現象 - フロム自我理論における疎外論 [Alienation Phenomenon Generated by Super-ego – Alienation Theory on Fromm’s Ego Theory] JF - 現代社会学理論研究 [The Journal of Studies in Contemporary Sociological Theory], Vol. 10 (2016), pp. 115-127. [doi.org/10.34327/sstj.10.0_115] N2 - エーリッヒ・フロムは、フランクフルト社会研究所在籍時に、権威主義に対する批判的考察を行っている。この考察は、フロム独自の自我理論と疎外‐ 物象化論として把握可能である。この権威主義研究の際、フロムはフロイト自我理論への批判を、フロイトの概念である超自我、自我、エスという自我三層構造論を踏襲しながら行っている。自我が弱い時、彼は、「内部世界と外部世界」を生活充足の対象とする人格的課題を、超自我が担うことを認めている。しかしこの時、超自我が精神を支配し、この過程内で抑圧という心的機制が生じる。この抑圧によって自己は消耗し、自我の能動的行為編成機能と現実検証機能が低下するのである。そして、この超自我は権威との相互的な再帰的構造化過程を形成する。超自我は、自己の精神的エネルギーを権威対象へ投影する。さらに投影、備給された精神的エネルギーが、権威の命令を内化することによって、超自我に回帰していく。この諸過程によって、権威への合理的批判は抑制され、自我機能の低下が起こる。さらに、これは社会的相互作用として成立しているため、社会文化領域での物象化が生じるのである。最終的に、この超自我による物象化‐ 疎外現象は、次の四つの具体的事象へと帰結する。それは①精神的なエネルギーの譲渡=疎外、②自己関係の疎外、③自己による自己産出過程の物象化された超自我と権威への譲渡=疎外、④自己関係内部にある、権威対象以外の他者からの疎外である。 N2 - When Erich Fromm belonged to The Institute for Social Research, he did critical study of authoritarianism. This study can be considered to be the source of original ego theory and alienation-reification theory for Fromm. When he critically researched authoritarianism, he followed the three-layer structural theory of ego taken from Freud (super-ego, ego, id). Fromm acknowledges that super-ego carries out personal aims making >inner world and outer world< object of life’s satisfaction in life. But at this time, the super-ego dominates mind and repression as psychic mechanism is generated in this process. By this repression self is consumed and the function of ego in moderating action and self-reflection is decreased. The super-ego forms mutual and reflexive structuring process with respect authority. The super-ego projects its own mental energy on the object of authority. Projected and concentrated mental energy recurs to the super-ego through internalizing the commands from the source of authority. Rational criticism of authority is constrained, and the function of the ego is decreased. As a consequence of the establishment of social interaction reification in the socio-cultural area occurs. Finally, the reification-alienation phenomenon generated by super-ego generate four concrete effects: 1 the transfer of mental energy = alienation; 2 alienation from the self; 3 the transfer to authority of reified self-productive process of the ego = alienation; 4 alienation from others outside the internalized object of authority. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obiedzińska, Ewa T1 - Koncepcja Ericha Fromma jako wzór prawnej ochrony wolności [The Ideas of Erich Fromm as a Formula of Legal Protection of Liberty] JF - Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Vol. XV, No. 2 (2016), pp. 357-390. [ISSN 1644-0242] N2 - Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki wolności pojawiającej się w myśli Ericha Fromma poprzez odniesienie jej do współczesnego kształtowania prawa i pozycji jednostki w systemie demokratycznym. Za podstawę rozważań przyjęto tezę badacza wskazującą, że lęk człowieka przed wolnością i indywidualizmem stał się główną przyczyną rozwoju dwudziestowiecznych totalitaryzmów. Zdaniem autorki, diagnoza Fromma oraz wydobyte przez niego zagrożenia autonomii, mogą stanowić wzór ochrony wolności również we współczesnym systemie prawnym. Artykuł zawiera analizę mechanizmów i rozwiązań prawnych, dzięki którym możliwe jest wzmacnianie indywidualnej sprawczości i pozycji jednostki w demokracji. Akcentuje również niebezpieczeństwa, jakie dla wolności niesie współczesne myślenie o prawie, takie jak nadmierna jurydyzacja życia. Istotną częścią artykułu jest zbadanie poruszanych problemów z perspektywy regulacji zastosowanych w polskim systemie prawnym, a także zwrócenie uwagi na nowe ponadpaństwowe zjawiska i ruchy takie jak Liquid Democracy i Partie Piratów. N2 - The aim of the study is to examine the issue of liberty which appears in Erich Fromm’s concept by referring it to the present development of law and the position of an individual in a democratic system. The starting point for the article is Fromm’s thesis that the fear of freedom and individualism are the main causes for the rise of the 20th century totalitarianism. Universality of this diagnosis allows the author to conclude that it can be a pattern of a legal protection of liberty at present. The article analyzes legal mechanisms and solutions which allow to strengthen the individual’s position in a democracy and express its independence. It also examines a modern tendency in law-making to regulate almost every part of people’s lives which is a serious threat to freedom. The article focuses on the analysis of Polish regulations as well as new supranational phenomena and movements such as Liquid Democracy and Pirate Parties. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obiols-Suari, Núria T1 - Erich Fromm y la relación educative [Erich Fromm and the educational relationship] JF - Teoria De La Educacion. Revista Interuniversitaria, Vol. 33 (2020), pp. 51-69. [Online ISSN 2386-5660] [doi.org/10.14201/teri.23415] N2 - En este artículo consideraremos el vínculo entre la obra de Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900-1980) y la relación educativa. Fromm aportó una perspectiva humanista fundamental al pensamiento contemporáneo y su obra se caracterizó por hilvanar variadas influencias culturales, tales como el Antiguo Testamento, el Budismo, el Marxismo, la Sociología y, desde luego, el Psicoanálisis. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es el de comprender mejor esta relación, considerando sus características principales. La obra de este emblemático autor invita a reflexionar sobre aspectos diversos relacionados con la educación que van desde su concepto, sus finalidades, así como diferentes características de una buena relación educativa, temática que abordaremos en este artículo. Fromm aporta una perspectiva singular y sumamente interesante que abre espacios de reflexión a partir de variados aspectos sobre la existencia humana en sus textos. En este estudio hemos analizado doce de sus obras que van desde >El miedo a la libertad< (1941), >El arte de amar< (1956) o >El arte de escuchar< (1995). Este análisis ha permitido seleccionar aquellos contenidos vinculados a la relación educativa. Así consideraremos lo que Fromm entiende por educación, para posteriormente concretar cuáles serían las cuestiones más esenciales en una óptima relación educativa y qué la debe caracterizar. N2 - In this article we will consider the link between the work of Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900–1980) and the educational relationship. Fromm contributed a fundamental humanist perspective to contemporary thought and his work was characterized by weaving together various cultural influences, such as the Old Testament, Buddhism, Marxism, Sociology and, of course, Psychoanalysis. The main objective of the present work is to specify how this relationship could be better understood, considering its main characteristics. The work of this emblematic author invites to reflect on various aspects related to education ranging from its concept, its purposes, as well as to different characteristics of a good educational relationship, a subject that we will address in this article. Fromm brings a singular and extremely interesting perspective that opens spaces for reflection from various aspects of human existence in his texts. In this study we have analyzed twelve of his books ranging from >Escape from Freedom< (1941), >The art of loving< (1956) or >The art of listening< (1995). This analysis has allowed selecting those contents linked with the educational relationship. Then we will focus on what Fromm understands by education and after specify what would be the most essential questions in an optimal educational relationship, and what should characterize it. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nurtjahjo, Stephany Sekar Maharani A1 - Parnaningroem, Dyah Woroharsi T1 - Perilaku Sadisme Tokoh Utama dalam Kumpulan Dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann (2021) [The Sadistic Behavior of the Main Character in the Collection of Fairy Tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann] JF - Identitaet, Vol. 10, No 2 (2021): pp. 329-340. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/identitaet/article/view/42239] N2 - Penelitian ini meneliti perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dalam kumpulan dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dan (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh utama pada dongeng karya Heinrich Hoffman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< dan >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< dalam kumpulan dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm (2000) untuk menemukan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama serta menggunakan teori agresi Sears (1994) dan Myers (2012) untuk menganalisis alasan tokoh utama melakukan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng. Hasil penelitian menemukan enam data yang menunjukkan jenis perilaku sadisme dan tujuh data penyebab perilaku sadisme. Ditemukan masing-masing dua data yang membuktikan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dari setiap dongeng. Lalu terdapat empat data penyebab perilaku sadisme dari dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, pada dongeng >Die Geschichte vom DaumenlutscheDie Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam ketiga dongeng Heinrich Hoffmann tersebut adalah perilaku sadisme non-seksual (fisik). Dalam ketiga dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual maupun sadisme mental. (2) Lebih lanjut, penyebab tokoh utama dalam dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug< melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah dari mengamati dan meniru kegiatan orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< dan >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< adalah karena faktor biologis tokoh tersebut. Adapun dua kesamaan dalam ketiga dongeng tersebut, yakni semua perilaku yang dilakukan oleh tokoh utama adalah sadisme non-seksual (fisik) serta jenis agresi yang dilakukan adalah insturmental aggression. N2 - This research examines the main characters’ sadism in the collection of fairy tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann. It aims to describe (1) the main characters’ sadism and (2) the causes of the main characters’ sadism in Heinrich Hoffmann's fairy tales. A qualitative approach was applied to conduct this research. The data sources were the fairy tales entitled >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher<, and >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< in the collection of fairy tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann. This study applied the sadism theory by Erich Fromm (2000) to identify the main characters’ sadism and the aggression theory by Sears (1994) and Myers (2012) to analyze the main characters’ motives for doing the sadism. The results reveal six data which show kinds of sadism and seven data of the causes. Two data prove the main characters’ sadism in each fairy tale. Four data regarding the causes of sadism are found in >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<. Other two similar data are found in Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher and the other one in >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. In conclusion, sadism in the three of Heinrich Hoffmann’s fairy tales is described as non-sexual (physical) sadism, while the type of sexual and mental sadism is not found. Moreover, the motives of the main character in the >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug< are caused by observation and imitation of other people’s activities. The main character’s biological factor is the motive in the >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< and >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. There are two similarities found in these three fairy tales: non-sexual (physical) sadism acted by the main characters and instrumental aggression as the type of aggression. Y1 - 2021 ER -