TY - JOUR A1 - Pacquing, Ian Raymond T1 - Understand the Freirian Dyadic Relations from the Frommian Framework of Social Character JF - Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2021), pp. 205-217. [doi.org/10.46992/pijp.22.2.a.4] N2 - I argue in this paper that every society has its own >libidinal drives< that may or may not paralyze the capacity of individuals towards freedom. Fromm calls this the social character. Social character is the unconscious canalization of individual libidinal drives for the attainment of social objectives instituted by the dominant figures of society. I theorize that the Freirian dyadic alliance persists because of a dominant characterology permeated by the ruling authorities. The dynamics of social character structure not only eludes the oppressed conscious awareness, but it also actually strengthens the domination and control through the institutionalization of structural policies enacted and implemented by the oppressors. Hence, what Freire laments in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed is equalized and smoothen by how the marginalized and the downtrodden cling incessantly towards the oppressors. By depending upon the dominant ruling authorities, the oppressed find fulfillment and satisfaction, upon which they fortify the dyadic-symbiotic relations. This happens because of the dynamics of their character structure that caters to the instinctual drive to survive. The social character gives rise to the inner satisfaction of oppressed libidinous desires and needs, thus equalizing their own emotional needs. Furthermore, the very nature of their submissiveness is a character trait that unknowingly recanalizes their elementary needs in life. Hence, by understanding how the Frommian social character influences social behaviors the symbiotic element that cements the Freirian dyadic relation is unlocked. Through unraveling the dynamics of social characterology, the Freirian dyadic symbiosis ungrounds itself and eventually grasps why the majority of the poor and marginalized are motivated and find fulfillment therein as a matter of survival from controlling authorities. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paes, Ana Carolina Lamosa T1 - A linguagem literária em >As Brumas de Avalon< (1982) [The literary language in >As Brumas de Avalon< (1982)] JF - Revista de estudios e investigación en psicología y educación, No. 9 (2017), A9-74 – A9-78. [doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2017.0.09.2731] N2 - A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao Laboratório de Estudos em Religiões e Religiosidades da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (BR), sob título >História e Literatura: as narrativas mitológicas em As Brumas de Avalon<, obra literária escrita por Marion Zimmer Bradley (1982). O trabalho tem como objetivo buscar compreender uma linguagem literária que contém em si uma linguagem simbólica. Assim, tanto são utilizados apontamentos de Roger Chartier (1999), quanto ao uso da literatura como fonte histórica, como também se procurou alinhar o trabalho com a linguagem simbólica de Erich Fromm (1969). N2 - The present research is linked to the Laboratory of Studies in Religions and Religiosities of the State University of Maringá (BR) under the title >History and Literature: The Mythological Narratives in The Mists of Avalon<, a literary work written by Marion Zimmer Bradley (1982). The aim of this work is to understand a literary language that contains in itself a symbolic language. Thus, both are used notes of Roger Chartier (1999), as the use of literature as a historical source, but also sought to align the work with the symbolic language of Erich Fromm (1969). Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Padgett, Vernon R. A1 - Jorgenson, Dale O. T1 - Superstition and Economic Threat: Germany 1918 – 1940 JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 8, No. 4 (1982), pp. 736-741. [Online ISSN 1552-7433] [doi.org/10.1177/0146167282084021] N2 - Economic threat predicted the level of superstition in Germany for the tumultuous years 1918 to 1940. Indexes of superstition were the number of articles on astrology, mysticism, and cults appearing in a German periodical index. Threat was measured by levels of real wages, unemployment, and industrial production. The economic threat variables significantly predicted level of superstition in two of the three superstition indexes. Experimental and naturalistic evidence concerning situational determinants of superstition are reviewed. These results support Fromm's (1941/1965) thesis that threat produces authoritarianism and corroborate Sales's (1973) investigation of U.S. archival data. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Palazzolo, Salvatore Aloysious T1 - Demystifying A Sexual Perversion: An Existential Reading of Sadomasochism and Erich Fromm's Call to Love, Doctoral dissertation, Psychology, Faculty of the Department of Psychology of Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2007, 237+3 pp. [dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2024&context=etd] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pambuccian, Viktor T1 - Brouwer’s Intuitionism. Mathematics in the Being Mode of Existence JF - B. Sriraman (Ed.), Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Mathematical Practice, Springer Switzerland, 2022, pp. 1-55., N2 - It is argued that Brouwer’s philosophy of mathematics makes perfect sense if viewed from an Eastern philosophical perspective, as a mathematics in what Erich Fromm called “the being mode of existence.” The difficulty Western philosophers have accepting its validity under Brouwer’s own justifications is that mathematics is one of the highest prized treasures of Western philosophy (those footnotes to Plato’s dialogues). Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 불교와 그리스도교에 대한 니체의 견해에 대한 비판적 고찰 - 에리히 프롬과의 비교를 통해서 [A Critical Examination of Nietzsche’s View on Buddhism and Christianity - through the Comparison with Erich Fromm’s View] JF - 현대유럽철학연구 [Researches in Contemporary European Philosophy], No. 27 (2011), pp. 101-138. N2 - 이 글은 니체가 『안티그리스도』에서 개진하고 있는 불교와 그리스도교에 대한 견해를 프롬의 견해와 대조하면서 비판적으로 검토하면서, 니체의 견해가 가지고 있는 긍정적인 의의와 한계를 살펴보고 있다. 니체는 불교와 그리스도교가 현실을 고통에 가득 찬 부정적인 것으로 보면서내면으로의 도피나 피안으로의 도피를 주창하고 있다는 점에서 허무주의적이라고 보며, 또한 양자가 모두 생명력의 약화와 퇴화에서 비롯되었으면서도생명력의 약화와 퇴화를 조장하고 있다는 점에서 데카당스적이라고 보고 있다. 이에 반해서 프롬은 종교를 크게 권위주의적인 종교와 인본주의적인 종교로 대별하면서 불교를 대표적인 인본주의적인 종교로 보는 반면에 그리스도교에는 두 가지 요소가 섞여 있다고 보고 있다. 프롬은 예수의 참된 정신과 그리스도교 신비주의는 인본주의적인 성격을 띠고 있는 반면에, 이른바전지전능한 신에 대한 무조건적인 복종을 요구하는 제도화된 교회의 교리는권위주의적인 성격을 띠고 있다고 보았다. 프롬이 이렇게 종교를 권위주의적 종교와 인본주의적인 종교로 구별하고 있는 것은 어떤 면에서는 니체가 종교를 힘에의 의지를 강건하게 만드는 종교와, 그것을 약화시키고 병들게 하는 종교로 구별하고 있는 것과 유사하다. 니체가 어떤 종교의 좋고 나쁨은 그 종교가 실재를 얼마나 반영하느냐가 아니라 인간을 얼마나 강건한 존재로 만드느냐에 달려 있다고 보는 것처럼, 프롬역시 어떤 종교의 좋고 나쁨은 그 종교가 인간을 얼마나 정신적으로 성숙한존재로 만드는지에 달려 있다고 보는 것이다. 그러나 프롬이 부처와 예수를 인류가 추구해야 할 이상적인 가치를 제시하고구현한 인류의 사표로 보는 반면에, 니체는 부처와 예수를 결국은 힘에의 의지가 약했던 데카당으로 본다는 점에서 양자는 사실상 입장을 전적으로 달리한다고 보아야 할 것이다. 양자 간의 차이는 궁극적으로는 『안티그리스도』에서의 니체가 사해동포주의적인 사랑을 주창하는 계몽주의적인 휴머니즘에 대해서 비판적인 입장을 취하고 있는 것에 반해 프롬이 그것을 적극적으로 받아들이고 있다는 데에서 비롯된다. 니체가 계몽주의뿐 아니라 불교나 그리스도교에 나타나고 있는 사해동포주의적인 사랑을 힘이 약한 자들의 자기기만정도로 보는 반면에, 프롬은 오히려 진정한 내적인 힘에서 비롯되는 사해동포주의적인 사랑이 존재하며 그러한 정신적인 능력을 구현하는 것이야말로우리 인간이 추구해야 할 가치라고 보고 있는 것이다. N2 - This article examines Nietzsche’s views on Buddhism and Christianity in >Anti-Christ< critically in contrast with Erich Fromm’s view and inquire into the positive significance and limitations of Nietzsches’ view. Nietzsche regards Buddhism and Christianity as nihilistic, because he thinks that they see this world as filled with pains and advocate the escape from this world. Moreover, he regards them as decadent, because he thinks that they came into being from weakening and degeneration of life and promotes weakening and degeneration of life. On the contrary, Fromm divides the religions into authoritarian and humanistic religions largely. He sees Buddhism as a representative humanistic religion, while he thinks that in Christianity two elements are mixed. Fromm sees Buddha and Jesus as the ideal men which presented and realized the values that the mankind should realize, while Nietzsche sees them as the decadent men whose will to power was weak and tired. The difference between Nietzsche and Fromm is grounded on the fact that Fromm accepts the enlightenment humanism that advocates the cosmopolitan love, while Nietzsche is critical against it. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paret, Christoph T1 - Ironien des Anti-Autoritären. Eine Relektüre von Richard Sennetts Autorität JF - Clemens, M., et al. (Eds.), Die Wiederkehr des autoritären Charakters. Transatlantische Perspektiven, ed. by Manuel Clemens, Thorben Päthe and Marc Petersdorff, Wiesbaden (Springer SV) 2022, pp. 247-276. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 쇼펜하우어의 형이상학적 욕망론에 대한 고찰 [Schopenhauer’s Metaphysical View of Desire] JF - 철학사상[The Journal of Philosophical Ideas], No. 36 (2010), pp. 85-119. N2 - 이 글은 쇼펜하우어의 욕망관과 그것이 갖는 문제점을 살펴보고 이러한 문제점을 어떻게 극복할 수 있는지를 살펴보고 있다. 쇼펜하우어의 철학은 인간 뿐 아니라 모든 존재자들이 자기보존에의 욕망과 종족보존에의 욕망에 의해서 규정되고 있으며 이러한 욕망들은 물자체로서의 의지의 표현이라고 보고 있다. 그리고 쇼펜하우어는 각 개체들과 종족들은 자신들의 무한한 욕망을 충족시키기 위해서 서로 투쟁하고 갈등하는 바 이러한 세계는 생각할 수 있는 세계 중에서 최악의 세계라고 보았다. 쇼펜하우어는 욕망을 극복하는 궁극적인 방법으로 이성에 의한 의지부정을 내세우고 있다. 그런데 이는 이성을 자기보존과 종족보존에의 욕망의 도구로 보는 자신의 철학적 입장과 모순될 뿐 아니라 그의 철학이 이성과 욕망을 서로 대립하는 것으로 보는 전통적인 이원론의 입장으로 전락하게 되는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하면서 인간의 욕망을 고찰하는 보다 설득력있는 입장으로서 이 글에서는 말미에서 프롬의 욕망관을 간략히 살펴보고 있다. 프롬은 쇼펜하우어나 서양의 전통적인 이원론적인 입장이 주장하는 것처럼 이성과 욕망이 대립하는 것이 아니라 오히려 생산적이고 긍정적인 욕망과 그것과 결합된 건강한 이성에 대해서 파괴적이고 부정적인 욕망과 그것과 결합된 병적인 이성이 대립한다고 보았다. N2 - This article examines Schopenhauer’s view of desire, its problems and how we can cope with these problems. According to Schopenhauer, the lives of all beings inclusive of human beings are determined by their desire for preservation of the self and species; these desires are expressions of the cosmic Will as the thing-in-itself. In the world, all individual beings and species struggle against each another in order to satisfy their own infinite desires, and so this world is the worst world among the worlds that can be conceived. The way that Schopenhauer is advocating as the ultimate way of overcoming this desires is to negate desire by reason. However, this is not only contradictory to his own philosophical position, in which reason is see as an instrument of desire for the preservation of self and species, but also means that his philosophy is degraded to the traditional dualism that opposes the reason for desires. At the end of this article, we examine Erich Fromm’s view of desire briefly as a more persuasive position that copes with these problems. Fromm considered that reason is not opposed to desire, as Schopenhauer did; additionally western traditional dualism insists, that the productive and affirmative desires combined with sound reason are opposed to the destructive and negative desires combined with unsound reason. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palian-Kobiela, Ewelina T1 - Tożsamość i wolność w perspektywie postkolonializmu w >Mimesis< Pawła Huellego [Identity and Freedom in Postcolonial Perspective – >Mimesis< by Paweł Huelle] JF - Postscriptum Polonistyczne, No. 1 (2015), pp. 201-208. [ISSN 1898-1593] N2 - The aim of this work is to interpret – by means of the postcolonial strategy of reading – a short story titled Mimesis, published in Paweł Huelle’s collection: Opowieści chłodnego morza. This kind of interpretation reveals a choice of new perspectives, aiming at the healing of trauma by explaining the symptoms and revealing hidden facts. In Mimesis by Huelle, this happens due to the character’s narration. The author of the article presents a process of the characters identity creation during their encounters with different cultures (Huelle exemplifies a multicultural mosaic in his short story). All the way through the imagery of the characters, the author of the article enhances the main axiological features and describes the process of identity creation, thus an act of liberating oneself from restrictions of one’s own culture. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panciewicz, Pjotr T1 - Poglądy Ericha Fromma zawarte w książce pt.: >Wojna w Człowieku< [Erich Fromm's Views Contained in the Book >War in Man<] JF - Boguslav Stelcer et al. (Eds.): Zdrowy człowiek i społeczeństwo w wizjach Alberta Schweitzera i Ericha Fromma], Poznań (Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań), Poland 2012, 206-211. N2 - Dr. Pankiewicz’s paper focuses on the depiction of Erich Fromm’s character and views. The subject of the author's analysis is the work of Fromm entitled >War in Man< (the author is the initiator of the Polish edition of this book). The paper raises both the issues of the presented book, as well as Fromm's views, which can be found in reading the paper. Dr. Pankiewicz points out that >War in Man< is a very important voice of warning against nuclear threat, while pointing to the paradoxical fact that the main source of danger to humanity is currently man himself - that the element of self-destruction lies within us. The author introduces to the reader the universal issues of life and death, so characteristic for Fromm's thought, citing pessimistic thoughts about the dimensions of human destructiveness. And although (as stated by the author himself) the take on the paper's issues is not optimistic, the guide and popularization of Fromm's reflections on the global nuclear threat is nowadays one of the most current issues. The text help us to better understand what was happening and is still happening before our eyes: It approximates the structure of modern man’s nature and the problems of interdependence of social and psychological factors, explains the essence of human aggressive behaviour, indicating the sources of these behav-iours. N2 - Der Text konzentriert sich darauf die Person und die Ansichten Erich Fromms zu veranschaulichen. Der Autor analysiert das Werk Fromms mit dem Titel >Der Krieg in dem Menschen< (der Autor ist der Initiator der polnischsprachig Ausgabe). Dr. Pankiewicz weist darauf hin, dass >der Krieg in dem Menschen< eine wichtige Stimme der Warnungen vor der Nuklearbedrohung darstellt. Der Autor zeigt den Widersinn auf, dass die Quelle der Hauptgefahr für den Menschheit der Mensch selbst ist. Die Elemente der Selbstzerstörung liegen in uns selbst. Der Autor bringt dem Leser die universelle Problematik des Leben und des Todes, die für das Denken Fromms charakteristisch ist. Der Text ermöglicht besser zu verstehen, was schon geschehen ist und was jetzt vor unserer Augen abläuft. Er stellt die Struktur des Charakters zeitgenössischen Menschen und die Problematik der gegenseitigen Beziehung der psychologischen und gesellschaftlichen Faktoren dar, erklärt das Wesen des aggressiven menschlichen Verhaltens und erläutert die Quelle dieses Verhaltens. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ah-cheong T1 - 여성의 자아구조에 대한 심리학적 고찰 [A psychological review on personality structure in female] JF - 한국심리학회지:여성 /The Korean Journal of Women Psychology, Vol 8, No. 1 (2003), pp. 1-17. [Print ISSN 1229-0726] [accesson.kr/kswp/assets/pdf/14003/journal-8-1-1.pdf] N2 - 본 논문에서는 여성의 자아구조에 대한 접근을 여성의 심리 내지 성격에 대한 접근으로 시도되었다. 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 프로이트를 위시하여 융, 아들러와 같은 정신의학자들은 물론 여성심리학자로 하는 호나이와 같은 여성심리학자들 조차 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 남성을 염두에 둔 생물학적인 측면을 지나치게 강조한 면이 지적되었다. 그러므로 여성의 자아와 정신구조에 대한 이해는 시대와 문화에 따라 크게 달라지는 것임으로 생리적이고 심리적인 측면만으로 단순화해서는 곤란하다는 것이다. 그리고 남성과 여성과의 관계 속에서 검토되어야 할 필요성이 지적되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 종전의 ‘남성 아니면 여성’이란 식으로 여성을 논할 것이 아니라 궁극적으로는 인간으로서의 여성론이 전개되어야 할 것을 강조하면서 여성의 자아에 대한 심리학적 측면을 연구함에 있어서도 여성의 생리적, 심리적 측면 이외에 사회적, 역사적 측면을 고려하여야 함을 강조하였다. N2 - In this article, those psychological aspects of ego in woman was examined as the purpose of this article was an investigation of female identity formation. Especially psychanalytic approaches including Freud, Jung Adler, Horney, Fromm and Erikson on the development of female ego which emphasized on sex differences were examined. It was found that those theories were wrong biases and had obvious weaknesses due to the biological basis for woman's inferior. From viewing the previous studies we can concluded that although women may view themselves as inadequate compared the man, the to so for societal reasons, not because they were born female, and if women feel unworthy, it is because they have been treated that way in male-dominated cultures. It was suggested that the reasonal and desirable approach of female ego have to consider the social and cultural aspect of the feminine psyche. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Goo-Yong T1 - 행복의 그림자: 자유와 폭력의 경계에서 [Shadow of Happiness: On the Boundary of Freedom and Violence] JF - 동서철학연구 (S.P.E.W) Studies in Philosophy East-West (SPEW), No. 70 (2013), pp. 5-33. [ISSN: 1225-1968] N2 - 이 글의 주된 목적은 행복 담론의 빛과 그림자를 밝히는 것이다. 이 과정에서 나는 자유의 최대화와 폭력의 최소화에 기여하는 행복론을 지향한다. 이를 위해 나는 먼저 자유와 폭력의 변증법적 관계를 기초로(1), 에피쿠로스와 아리스토텔레스의 행복론을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이 과정에서 나는 행복론이 불행한 의식에 빠지지 않으려면 행복과 불행의 이분법을 벗어나야 하며(2), 목적이나 수단이 아니라 과정으로서 행복을 권리의 지평에서 정당화해야 한다는 입장을 제시한다(3). 나아가 나는 프롬과 마르쿠제의 긍정 심리학과 부정 심리학의 경계에서 행복론이 상실된 자아를 찾아가는 과정이 되어야 한다고 논증한다(4). 마지막으로 나는 행복 담론이 자기침잠과 자기연민에서 나와 바깥으로 나아가는 과정이 되어야 한다는 것을 밝힌다(5). N2 - This article is designed to illuminate light and shadow in the discourse on happiness. In this process, I orient the discourse of happiness that maximizes freedom and minimizes the violence. To do this, I am first interested in the dialectical relation between freedom and violence (1). And I talk critically about Epicurus and Aristotle's position. In this conversation with them, I argue that the theory of happiness get out of the dichotomy of happiness and unhappiness, if it do not want to fall into the unfortunate sense (2). And from the horizon of the right, I attempt to justify the happiness as a process rather than the means and purpose (3). Furthermore, I try to demonstrate the necessity of happiness theory for the course to get back the lost ego from the boundary of the negative psychology and the positive psychology (4). Finally, I say that the discourse on happiness requires the process towards the outside out of self-pity and self-immersion (5). Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Jeong-Ae A1 - Oh, Ju-Won T1 - 사랑의 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구 [Study of the Development and Validation of the Scale of Love] JF - 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지 [Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art Humanities and Sociology], Vol. 9, No. 3 (2019), pp. 439-448. N2 - 본 연구의 목적은 사랑에 관한 기존 척도들의 한계를 보완하여 Fromm의 사랑의 개념을 이론적 바탕으로 기혼 남녀를 대상으로 하는 사랑의 척도를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저, 국내외 선행연구들을 고찰한 후 기존의 척도들의 한계점을 분석하고 이에 대한 대안으로 Fromm의 사랑의 개념을 제안하였다. Fromm의 사랑에 대한 구성 개념으로 6개 하위영역(자기애, 모성애, 부성애, 형제애, 이성애, 신의 사랑)을 축출하였다. 6개 하위척도에 적합한 기초 100문항을 개발한 후, 전문가들과의 논의를 거쳐 1차 예비문항에서 60문항이 선정되었다. 30~50대 기혼 남녀 324명을 대상으로 예비검사를 실시하여 문항분석, 탐색적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 거쳐 22문항이 제거되고, 868명을 대상으로 본 검사를 실시하여 문항분석, 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 거쳐 1문항이 제거되어 최종 38문항이 선정되었다. 개발된 사랑척도의 신뢰도 계수는 .72~.86 사이로 양호한 것으로 확인되었으며, 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 사랑의 척도의 한계점을 보완하고 심리발달 단계와 다양한 인간관계의 특성을 반영함으로써 국내외에서 처음으로 인간의 성장과 발달을 포함한 새로운 차원의 통합적 사랑의 개념을 제시하고 있다는 측면에서 그 의의가 있다. N2 - The purpose of this study is to develop a love scale based on the concept of Fromm's love as a rationale for married men and women in their 30s and 50s. After analyzing the domestic and foreign studies on love for research purposes, we analyze the limitations of the existing scale and propose Fromm's concept of love as an alternative. Six subscales were extracted from the constitutional concept of Fromm. Six subscales included self-love, motherly love, fatherly love, erotic love, brotherly love, love of God. First, after developing 100 basic items, 60 items were selected from the first preliminary question through expert discussion, and 324 married men and women were subjected to preliminary tests, followed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis 22 items were removed. For this test, data were collected from 868 subjects, followed by item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. One item was removed and the final 38 items were selected. The exploratory factor analysis to confirm the validity of the scale was composed of six factors of self-love, motherly love, fatherly love, erotic love, brotherly love, love of God with principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation method. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the factor structure between the constituents of love. The reliability coefficient of the developed love scale was found to be good between 72 – .86. The result of this study complemented the limits of the existing love scale and reflected the characteristics of psychological development and various human relations, and it is meaningful in terms of presenting a new concept of integrated love including human growth and development. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, In-Cheo T1 - 기술시대와 사랑의 윤리학: 후설, 하이데거, 프롬의 사랑론을 중심으로 [The Era of Technology and the Ethics of Love: Focusing on the Love Theory of Husserl, Heidegger, and Fromm] JF - 철학연구 [Journal of the Society of Philosophical Studies], No. 66 (2004), pp. 145-166. N2 - 문】현대의 기술시대를 특징짓는 것은 기술에 의한 인간의 획일적 지배이다. 이 속에서 인간은 기술의 노예가 된 채 기술체제에 순응하며 살아가기를 강요받는다. 그럼으로써 인간은 자신의 본성으로부터 멀어진 채 소외된 상태로 살아간다. 이러한 인간소외를 초래하는 기술시대의 극복을 위해서는 어떠한 형태의 윤리학이 필요할 것인가? 전통적인 윤리학이 기반을 두고 있는 이성에 대한 강조만으로는 나름대로 매우 합리적이고 주지주의적인 성격을 띠고 있는 기술시대의 전반적 경향에 대항하기에는 설득력이 부족하다. 기술시대에 가장 결여되어 있는 것은 인간의 감성이다. 그리고 기술시대의 윤리학은 여기에 호소해야만 하나의 설득력 있는 윤리적 대안으로 받아들여질 수 있을 것이다. 그런데 인간의 감성에 바탕을 두면서 동시에 기술시대에서 가장 필요로 하는 인간의 능력은 사랑이다. 따라서 기술시대에 대한 하나의 효과적인 윤리적 대안이 될 수 있는 것은 바로 사랑의 윤리학이다.그러면 기술시대에 적합한 사랑의 윤리학의 모델을 어디에서 찾을 것인가? 여기서 본 글이 고려 대상으로 삼은 철학자는 후설, 하이데거, 프롬이다. 세 사람 모두 기술시대에 대한 비판적 인식을 토대로 나름대로의 사랑론을 전개했다는 공통적 배경을 지닌다. 그러나 후설의 사랑론은 지나치게 이념적이고 추상적이라는 한계를 지닌다. 또한 하이데거의 사랑론은 구체성과 현실성을 담지하고 있다는 점에서는 후설에 비해 발전적이나 소극적이고 비의지적이라는 점이 단점으로 지적된다. 프롬의 사랑론은 양자의 단점이 비판적으로 극복된 것으로서 타자와의 결합을 지향하는 인간의 본성적 열망에 바탕을 두고 개인적 관념적 사랑이 아닌 사회적 현상으로서의 사랑의 가능성에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 그러므로 프롬의 사랑론은 기술시대에서 황폐화되고 있는 인간성 회복을 위한 구체적이고 현실적 있는 대안으로 적절하다. 기술시대의 사랑의 윤리학은 이러한 프롬식의 사랑론에 바탕을 둘 경우 타당한 이론으로 정립될 수 있다. N2 - What characterizes the modern age of technology is the uniform domination of humans by technology. In this context, humans are forced to live as slaves to technology and conform to the technological system. In this way, human beings are separated from their nature and live in an alienated state. What form of ethics will be needed to overcome the technological age that causes human alienation? The emphasis on reason, on which traditional ethics is based, is not convincing enough to oppose the general trend of the technological age, which is very rational and intellectualistic in its own way. What is most lacking in the age of technology is human sensibility. And the ethics of the technological age can only be accepted as a persuasive ethical alternative only by appealing to it. However, at the same time based on human sensibility, the most needed human ability in the age of technology is love. Therefore, it is the ethics of love that can be an effective ethical alternative to the age of technology. Then, where can we find a model of ethics of love suitable for the age of technology? The philosophers considered in this article are Husserl, Heidegger, and Fromm. All three have a common background in that they developed their own theory of love based on critical perceptions of the technological age. However, Husserl's theory of love has limitations in that it is too ideological and abstract. In addition, Heidegger's theory of love is more advanced than Husserl in that it contains concreteness and reality, but it is pointed out as a disadvantage in that it is passive and unwilling. Fromm's love theory focuses on the possibility of love as a social phenomenon, not as a personal ideal love, based on the natural aspiration of human beings toward bonding with others as critically overcoming the shortcomings of both. Therefore, Fromm's theory of love is appropriate as a concrete and realistic alternative for restoring humanity, which is being ravaged in the age of technology. The ethics of love in the technological age can be established as a valid theory if it is based on Fromm's theory of love. [Google translator, 11/2022] Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ju-taek T1 - 김수영 시의 소외 연구 [A Study on the Isolation of Kim Su-young’s Poems] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 현대문학이론연구 [The Journal of Modern Literary Theory], No. 74 (2018), pp. 175-207. N2 - 김수영은 1945년 등단한 뒤 현실과 자신과의 투쟁 속에서 고립과 무력감을 드러내며 자신의 정체성을 확인하고자 통찰로 가득한 절규들을 산문의 형식을 빌려 노래하 였다. 특히 김수영은 4.19를 기점으로 고립과 소외에서 벗어나기 위해 적극적으로 자유를 노래하며 현실의 처지를 설움이라고 상정하고 개인과 사회와의 통일을 좁히려는 노력을 계속해 왔다. 소외는 근대의 비인간화와 함께 인간의 문제를 상정하는 중요한 부면을 지니며 인간이 자신의 본질을 유지해야 한다는 의미를 지닌다. 본고에서는 김수영 시에 나타난 소외를 >문단과 자신의 시로부터의 소외<, >생활로부 터의 소외<, >자기 자신으로부터의 소외<로 나누어 살펴보고 이를 극복하기 위해 김수영이 >조화와 통일<을 가치로 삼았음을 밝히고자 하였다. 소외는 헤겔과 마르크스를 거쳐 하이데거 그리고 프롬에 이르기까지 근대의 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되었다. 하이데거는 기술 문명의 상황이 존재자를 인정하지 않는 상황에서는 허무와 불안에 빠질 수밖에 없다고 진단하며 개인이 관계하고 있는 것이 허망하다는 생각에 빠져 소외에 직면 한다고 말한다. 김수영이 등단 초기 박인환과의 불화와 자신의 시에 대한 무력감을 표현한 것은 고립감을 드러내는 것이었다. 또한 생활에 있어서 번역 일을 하면서 이를 청부 번역이라고 한 것이나 마포구 구수동으로 이사한 뒤 닭을 키우며 자신은 변두리 인생이라는 자조에 빠진 것도 소외 때문이었다. 이와는 달리 자기 소외는 자신을 부정적으로 인식 하고 있다는 점에서 신경증적 증후를 드러낸다. 해방과 4.19 그리고 5.16과 같은 시대적 상황은 김수영에게 있어 설움과 비애와 같은 감정적 인식뿐만 아니라 자유, 정의, 양심과 같은 형이상학적 관념들을 요구했다. 그러나 김수영이 소외에 빠진 것은 결국 현실과 사유라는 비동일적 간극 때문이었다. 소외는 소외되기 전의 상황과 소외된 이후의 상황은 다르다. 김수영은 누구보다도 자신에 대해 깊이 있게 성찰한 시인이었다. 그는 한시도 자신을 방임하지 않았다. 현실과의 싸움만큼 자신과의 싸움을 멈추지 않았다. 현실과 시에 대해 상대적 완성과 절대적 완성을 탐색하고자 끊임없이 자신을 나아가게 했다. 그 도정을 통해 그는 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 원리로 삼으며 소외를 극복하고자 하였다. 김수영이 리얼리즘과 모더니즘의 두 이즘 사이에서 균형을 이룬 것도 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 궁극 원리로 삼았기 때문에 가능한 것이었다. N2 - After Kim Su-young started his literature career in 1945, he wrote a prose of percent-filled cries with insights to confirm his identity by showing his isolation and helplessness in his struggle with himself and reality. Especially, since April 19, Kim Su-young has continued efforts to narrow the gap between individuals and society by actively singing freedom to escape isolation and alienation, calling the situation as sorrow. With the dehumanization of modern world, Isolation has an important side of putting human issues on the table and means that humans must maintain their own nature. This paper divided the isolation of Kim Su-young into >Isolation from literary world and himself’s poem<, >Isolation from life<, >solation from himself<. After these works, this paper want to figure out that to overcome these isolation, Kim Su-young has valued on >harmony and unity<. Isolation has emerged as an important modern issue from Hegel and Marx to Heidegger and Erich Fromm. Heidegger believes that the situation of technology civilization is bound to fall into vain and unstable when it does not recognize being. And also he said that individuals would encounter isolation indulging thinking that relationship is vain. When Kim Su-young expressed his feud with Park In-hwan and his lack of power over his poetry in the early days of his debut, Kim Su-young displayed his sense of isolation. While working as a translator for his life, he called it >contract translation< and while raising chickens after moving to Gusu-dong, Mapo-gu, he called himself as >Outsider life<, because of his isolation. On the other hand, self-isolation has neurological syndrome in that he sees himself negatively. Historical situations such as liberation, April 19, and May 16 called for metaphysical notions such as freedom, justice and conscience as well as emotional awareness such as sadness and sorrow to Kim Su-young. But the reason that Kim Su-young fall into isolation is, finally, a non-equally gap between reality and ideal. Before and after situation of isolation is different. Kim Su-young was a poet who deeply reflected on himself. He never neglect himself for a moment. He did not stop struggling with himself like struggling with reality. He made himself constantly to explore relative and absolute completion of reality and poetry. Through this course, he sought to overcome isolation by making harmony and unification a principle of reality and poetry. Kim Su-young’s balance between realism and modernism was also possible because he took harmony and unification as the ultimate principles of reality and poetry. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chong Tai T1 - 자아실현의 관점에서 본 친생명교육 [Pro‐life Education from the Perspective of Self‐Realization] JF - 생명연구 [Studies on Life and Culture], Vol. 19 (2011), pp. 11-48. N2 - 이 논문은 대학생의 생명을 위한 교육을 자아실현의 관점과 연결하여 이론적으로 논구하고 그 실천적인 방법을 제안하려는데에 목적을 둔다. 나는 우선 삶의 목적, 자아실현, 행복개념등의 상호관련성을 살펴보려고 한다. 다음으로 전통적 및 현대적 덕목들이 자아실현을 위해 활용될 수 있는 구체적인 방법으로서 >긍정 심리학<과 >행복 심리학<의 응용가능성을 제시한다. >생명개념<에 관한 정의나 이해방식은 참으로 다양하다. 그러므로 학제적 연구를 통하여 통합적인 이해를 제공해야한다. >생명현상<은 생물학을 비롯한 자연과학과 의학등의 탐구대상이고 >생명의 본질<은 철학적 이론과 기타 인문과학의 연구대상이다. 물론 여러 고등 종교에서도 각기 경전과 교리에 토대를 두고 생명의 본질에 대한 질문에 해답을 제공한다. 오늘날 생명의 의의와 존엄성을 드높이려는 교육과 운동에서 내걸고 있는 >생명의 문화<는 >죽음의 문화<의 반대개념이다. 죽음의 문화는 모든 생명을 경시하는 의식과 풍조에서 싹트고 이기주의, 쾌락주의, 물질주의가 그 온상이다. 현대사회에서 만연된 죽음의 문화는 생명의 문화로 바뀌어야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 각자의 도덕적 자각과 제도의 개선을 통하여 생명문화의 건설에 박차를 가해야 할 것이다. 여기서 우리의 삶의 방식은 에리히 프롬이 말한대로 >소유의 삶<이 아니라 >존재의 삶<이어야 할 것이다. 생명을 위한 교육은 교양교육의 범위에서 모든 대학생들에게 실시하는 것이 바람직하다. N2 - This study is designed to theoretically discuss pro‐life education for college students from the perspective of self‐realization and to propose practical measures. First examined will be the relationship among objectives of life, self‐realization and the concept of happiness. Based on the examination, possibilities of applying >positive psychology< and >psychology of happiness< will be demonstrated as concrete measures to utilize conventional and modern virtues in achieving self‐realization. Considering that different studies have reached different definitions of the >concept of life<, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept through consilient research. The >phenomenon of life< is the subject on which natural science, including biology, and medicine fields have studied, and the >nature of life< has been that of philosophy and other humanities. Most advanced religions have also provided solutions to the question of the nature of life, based on their own scripture and theories. The >culture of life< that today’s education and movements proclaim to promote the importance and dignity of life stands at the opposite side of the spectrum from the >culture of death<, which is born by the attitude of devaluing life, and raised by egoism, hedonism and materialism. It is time that the >life culture< should replace the >death culture< that is prevalent in the modern society. To this end, it is required to spur to nourish the culture of life by morally enlightening ourselves and improving social institutions. As Erich Fromm said, the way of our life shall be a >life to be<, not a >life to possess<. It is desirable to provide pro‐life education to all college students as a general education. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ho-jin T1 - 멕시코 사신 숭배(Culto a la Santa Muerte)의 성격과 盛行의 정신분석학적 원인 분석 [Las características del culto a la Santa Muerte y su análisis psicoanalítico] JF - 중남미연구 [KJLACS – Korean Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies], Vol. 28, No. 1 (2009), pp. 245-276. N2 - El culto a la Santa Muerte es una creencia secular que se incrementa con gran rapidez en el México del 2009 actual y la presente tesina trata primeramente del origen de su culto, su relación con la iglesia católica- ortodoxa y sus características. Posteriormente, se analiza este tema desde un enfoque psicoanalítico. En base a la teoría de C.G. Jung, se aclara que el culto es la >sombra(término de Jung)< del neoliberalismo aparecida en el subconsciente colectivo mexicano.También se expone que los aztecas tenían una tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< en su religión primitiva según Erich Fromm. Y como conclusión, planteo cuatro premisas. Primero, el culto actual de Santa Muerte proviene de la tradición europea de la Danza Macabre, no obstante, la iglesia católica no reconoce su legitimidad. Segundo, el culto tiene cuatro principales características: 1. el sintetismo entre lo europeo y lo indígena, 2. el culto que se enfoca más en la vida mundana, 3. el culto como religión del mercado en el sentido de que se comercializa el culto, 4. el pánico por la muerte. Tercero, el culto se propaga por la crisis económica causada por el neoliberalismo. Los marginados que no fueron beneficiarios de la globalización han acogido este culto como >sombra< del neoliberalismo subconscientemente. A pesar de la tradición europea, la tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< ocultada en el subconsciente colectivo de los mexicanos resucita o intensifica esta >sombra<. Cuarto, el culto tiene ambivalencia como tabú. En otra palabras, tiene dos lados positivo y negativo. El positivo radica en que el culto absorbe y consuela a los marginados afectados por la globalización y el negativo es que el culto es una alerta roja a la sociedad mexicana. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Han-na T1 - Feeling lethargic too often? Two books offer advice JF - The Korea Herald, 23. February 23 (2022). Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 목적론적 입장에서 본 행복: 아리스토텔레스와 프롬을 중심으로 [Happiness from a teleological perspective: Focusing on Aristotle and Fromm] JF - 동서사상 학술저널 [Academic Journal of East-West-Thought], Vol. 11 (2011a), pp. 1-28. [Print ISSN 1975-5279] N2 - 이 연구는 플라톤에서 아리스토텔레스, 그리고 토마스 아퀴나스와 헤겔에 이르는 서양철학의 고전적 전통을 지배했던 목적론에 입각하여 행복이라는 문제에 대해서 고찰하려고 한다. 이러한 목적론은 인간을 비롯한 모든 존재자들이 자신들에게 주어져 있는 본질적인 형상을 실현하는 것을 목표한다고 보는 본질실현의 목적론이다. 이러한 본질실현의 목적론은 근대에서 지배적인 영향력을 행사했던 자기보존의 목적론과는 달리 모든 존재자들은 단순한 자기보존이나 종족번식을 넘어서 자신에게 부여된 본질적인 형상을 구현하는 것을 목표한다고 본다. 본 연구는 인간의 행복은 이러한 본질실현의 목적론을 전제로 할 경우에만 제대로 구명될 수 있다고 보면서, 이러한 사실을 본질실현의 목적론에 입각하여 인간을 파악했던 가장 대표적인 사상가인 아리스토텔레스와 에리히 프롬의 행복관을 고찰함으로써 입증하고자 했다. N2 - This research aims to inquire into the issue of happiness on the basis of the teleology that dominated the history of the Western philosophy from Plato to Hegel. According to this teleology, all beings try to realize their essential forms given by the nature. I think that the happiness of the human beings can be brought to light well only if we presuppose the teleology. This research sought to prove this thought by considering the most representative thinkers, Aristotle and Erich Fromm that investigated the human beings on the basis of teleology. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlak, Piotr T1 - Działalność pokojowa Alberta Schweitzera w kontekście problemu terroryzmu atomowego [Albert Schweitzer's Peace Activity in the Context of the Nuclear Terrorism Problem] Albert Schweitzers Friedensarbeit im Kontext des Atomterrorismus] JF - Boguslav Stelcer et al. (Eds.): Zdrowy człowiek i społeczeństwo w wizjach Alberta Schweitzera i Ericha Fromma, Poznań (Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań), Poland 2012, 51-67. N2 - The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes – which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein headed), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes - which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein at the helm), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more. N2 - In diesem Text geht es um den Kampf Alberts Schweitzers um ein Ende der Entwicklung der Atomwaffen; dies unter Berücksichtigung der Probleme des gegenwärtigen internationalen Terrorismus. Das Element der Selbstzerstörung, das in der menschlichen Natur liegt, tritt besonders dadurch zutage, dass eine Waffe mit derart großer Zerstörungskraft erfunden wurde. Albert Schweitzer erkannte diese Elemente der Selbstzerstörung und bezeichnete sie als >unmenschliche Denkweise<. Albert Schweitzer engagierte sich für die weltweite Kampagne gegen die Nuklearbewaffnung. Dieser Text ist der Versuch einer Antwort auf die Aktualität seiner Friedensappelle, die Schweitzer in den 50er- und 60er-Jahren verfasst hat. Der Autor erinnert an die Bedrohung durch die Entwicklung der Atomwaffen in der Zeit von Albert Schweitzer und heute und fragt: Sind Schweitzers Aktivitäten für Frieden für die heutigen Probleme der modernen Zivilisation wichtig? Hängt die Anti-Atom-Rhetorik der 50er und 60er-Jahre in irgendeiner Weise mit dem Problem des postmodern Nuklearterrorismus zusammen? Und beantwortet diese Fragen bestätigend. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patania, Stefano Luca T1 - Le radici etico-umanistiche dell’Health Coaching: a supporto del distress del caregiver JF - NEU aggiornamenti, Marzo 2023, pp. 50-62. N2 - La finalità della ricerca è scoprire strumenti efficaci atti a supportare e istruire i caregivers a fronte di situazioni di difficoltà, anche dal punto di vista etico, come il distress morale. È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura dedicata al collegamento tra comportamento morale e le neuroscienze. Successivamente si sono studiati i principali modelli di Coaching con finalità Etiche, in quanto progressivo distacco dal modello di Coaching legato alla Performance. Una volta stabilite le affinità, si è svolta una ricerca filologica tra i principali autori di Etica Umanistica per individuare le radici autentiche di un Health Coaching volto a definire i principi fondamentali di un potenziamento del Benessere. N2 - The aim of the research is to discover effective tools to support and educate caregivers in the face of difficult situations, including from an ethical point of view, such as moral distress. A literature review devoted to the link between moral behavior and neuroscience was performed. Subsequently, the main models of Coaching with Ethical purposes were studied, as a progressive detachment from the Coaching model linked to Performance. Once the affinities were established, a philological research was carried out among the main authors of Humanistic Ethics to identify the authentic roots of a Health Coaching aimed at defining the fundamental principles of an enhancement of Well-being. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pazdera, Martin T1 - O vzťahu kultúry a environmentálnej krízy [About the relationship between culture and the environmental crisis] JF - Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne, Vol. 19, No. 4 (2015), pp. 177-186. [ISSN 1898-0171] N2 - The present article aims to reflect on the relationship of man to nature, namely the relationship of culture and environmental crisis. The following considerations are largely based on the one hand, the concept of evolutionary ontology Šmajs Joseph, on the other hand, the idea of Erich Fromm that in the context of the environmental crisis and its relation to culture and humanity offer attractive incentives for reflection. %is concerns in particular the attempt to develop a more moderate approach that could serve as an acceptable platform for further reflection on this issue. While such an approach is based on the traditional view on this issue, which in the last century attempted to justify the extension of moral respect to all living flesh, no response yet on their weaknesses and try to give new impetus to the still current discourse. Therefore your attention article focuses on reflection on the transformation of culture that in these contexts, the words ŠMAJS appears to be an evolutionary possibility and an existential necessity. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parker, Martin T1 - Hard lessons: (Critical) Management Studies and (Critical) Work and Organizational Psychology JF - Journal Psychologie des Alltagshandelns / Psychology of Everyday Activity, Vol. 16 (No. 1, 2023), pp. 54-59. N2 - This short paper explores what lessons Critical Work and Organizational Psychology (CWOP) might learn from the rise of Critical Management Studies (CMS) thirty years ago. I begin by exploring the conditions of possibility for CMS, before providing a history of how it grew and institutionalized. Despite its >success<, I describe how partial, parochial and positional it was, and open a gap between its achievements within some Business Schools and its relative invisibility outside them. I conclude with some challenges for CWOP, in the spirit of learning from CMS. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patania, Stefano Luca T1 - Il profondo legame tra il pensiero di Erich Fromm e il fondamento etico e pratico dell’Health Coaching. Presentation at Meeting-Lab dell’Associazione Italiana Health Coaching (AIHC), Torino, 8 ottobre 2022, 6 pp. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Youngkyun T1 - 역사적 트라우마의 치유론 정립을 위한 모색: 역사적 트라우마의 치유에 관한 속류화와 혼란들을 넘어 [The Study for the Function of Healing Theory on Historical Trauma: Beyond the Vulgarization and Confusion about the Healing of Historical Trauma] JF - 시대와 철학 [Epoch and Philosophy – A Journal of Philosophical Thought in Korea], Vol. 33, No. 1 (2022), pp. 115-144. N2 - 이 글은 우선, 역사적 트라우마가 프로이트의 정신분석학과 어떻게 다른가를 논의하는 데에서 출발하고 있다. 둘째로, 이 글은 정신분석학이라 는 범주 안에서 프로이트와 다른 정신분석학들이 어떻게 다른지를 논의하 면서 트라우마와 관련하여 프로이트의 정신분석학이 가진 문제점을 비판적 으로 다루고 있다. 셋째, 프롬의 사회심리학을 다루면서 역사적 트라우마에 관한 정신분석이 가진 특징을 제시할 것이다. 이런 논의 하에 이 글은 넷 째, 역사적 트라우마의 치유 방향을 제시하고 있다. 이 글에서 제시하는 역사적 트라우마의 특징은 다음의 세 가지이다. ①원초적 트라우마에 반해 후천적 트라우마이며 ②직접 체험하지 않은 2차적 트라우마화라는 점에서 간접적이고, ③체험 당사자 주변을 넘어서 세대 집단 간의 전이를 유발한다는 점이다. 따라서 역사적 트라우마에 대한 정신 분석은 사회심리학과 다르다. 또한, 그렇기에 치유도 역사적 트라우마가 유 발하는 PTSD가 유발하는 장애로서 >트리거<들을 제거하는 것이자 민족공동 체 간의 리비도적 흐름을 창출하는 것이다. N2 - This article first starts with discussing how historical trauma differs from Freud's psychoanalysis. Second, this article critically deals with the problems of Freud's psychoanalysis in relation to trauma while discussing how Freud and other psychoanalysis differ within the category of psychoanalysis. Third, while dealing with Fromm's social psychology, we will present the characteristics of psychoanalysis of historical trauma. Based on these discussions, fourth, this article suggests the direction of healing of historical trauma. The characteristics of historical trauma presented in this article are as follows. (1) In contrast to the original trauma, it is indirect in that it is an acquired trauma (2) It is an acquired trauma as opposed to the original trauma, (3) it is indirect in that it is a secondary trauma that has not been experienced directly, and (4) it causes a transfer between generation groups beyond those who experienced it. Therefore, psychoanalysis of historical trauma is different from social psychology. Also, for this reason, healing is removing the >triggers< as a disorder induced by PTSD caused by historical trauma and creating a libido flow between national communities. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pavón-Cuéllar, David T1 - The Freudo-Marxist Tradition and the Critique of Psychotherapeutic Ideology JF - Psychotherapy and Politics International, Vol. 12, No.3 (2014), pp. 208-219. [Online ISSN 1556-9195] [doi.org/10.1002/ppi.1336] N2 - The ideology of psychotherapy is questioned through critical concepts taken from the Freudo-Marxist tradition. The paper first analyses in detail six determinant ideological processes detected in psychotherapy that three pioneers of Freudo-Marxism criticised in the 1920s: dualistic scission and metaphysical immobilisation (Luria); idealist generalisation and mechanistic determination (Bernfeld); and repressive adaptation and historical decontextualisation (Reich). Following this, it briefly reviews seven paired analogous processes that were denounced by continuators of the Freudo-Marxist tradition: valorative moralisation and the psychologisation of the social (Fenichel); instinctual–rational deprivation and the mechanisation of the subject (Adorno); alienating performance and surplus repression (Marcuse); manipulation and dehumanising alienation (Fromm); abstraction and mythologising (Bleger); authoritarianism and suggestion (Caruso); and depoliticisation and rationalisation (Langer). The argument will show how Freudo-Marxist questionings of these operations – many now forgotten – are still current and can be inspiring and enriching for a modern critique of psychotherapy. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paszenda, Iwona T1 - Praca, życie rodzinne, społeczeństwo, edukacja. O codzienności w optyce koncepcji Ericha Fromma i Theodorea Bramelda [Work, Family Life, Society, Education. Everyday Life from the Perspective of the Concepts of Erich Fromm and Theodore Brameld] JF - Wychowanie w Rodzinie, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2016), pp. 71-84. N2 - The aim of this paper is to portray the influences of cultural processes on the professional and family life of the modern, Western societies. The text contains the review of the literature on the subject depicting the symptoms of reconciling career with family life. With reference to the analyses conducted by Erich Fromm and Theodore Brameld, a diagnosis of social conditions contributing to disorders of the work – family life balance is put forward. The summary embraces number of conclusions that should be addressed to the overall sphere of education. Consequently, the purpose of the teachers’ work should not exclusively concern relaying specialist knowledge to pupils whom which they teach, nor preparing young people to the work, as the key task is rather to >teach human beings how to be a man, how to reach the level of a complete, coherent personality at peace with others<. Thus, in order to support a well-balanced functioning of the society, education must have an effective influence on the process of establishing standards of the >art of being< in world of the daily life. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peciccia, Maurizio A1 - et al., T1 - Sense of self and psychosis, part 2: A single case study on amniotic therapy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 237-248. N2 - Some people diagnosed with schizophrenia show an alteration of the sense of self. From a psychodynamic perspective, it has been hypothesized they have disorders of the integration of self/other identification/differentiation processes. From a neuroscientific view some with this diagnosis present dysfunctions in neural correlates of representation of self from other (the implicit sensorimotor-based bodily self), and self united with other. In >Sense of self and psychosis, part 1< we discussed scientific literature offering empirical evidence for the psychodynamic clinical observations that patients with diagnoses of psychoses didn’t receive adequate early infancy parental care and sufficient affective-sensorial/tactile interactions. Introducing parental care/cutaneous interactions seemed relevant in the analytic treatment of psychoses, as the pioneers of the psychoanalytic approach to psychosis suggested. From this theoretical basis we developed amniotic therapy, which reproduces the affective-tactile interactions of early infancy, insufficient in cases of psychosis, and aims at integrating the processes of differentiation and identification. We present a single case study of an experimental intervention plan including amniotic therapy. Results showed increases in interoception and global functioning, with significant decreases in positive symptoms suggesting that amniotic therapy contributes to increasing the protective strength of self-boundaries and integration of identification/differentiation processes. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peciccia, Maurizio A1 - et al., T1 - Sense of self and psychosis, part 1: Identification, differentiation and the body; A theoretical basis for amniotic therapy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 226-236. N2 - We will describe in two articles (>Sense of self and psychosis<, 1 and 2) the theoretical basis and the methodology of a new therapeutic group approach called amniotic therapy, which aims to improve the sense of self of psychotic patients. In this first article we explore the role of the surface of the body and its early sensorimotor interactions in the processes of self/other identification and differentiation. We propose that these processes have common origins, the body surface and its interactions, but different destinies, depending on where the body’s surface is projected. When it is projected intrapsychically we have differentiation, and when it is projected externally onto the body’s surface of the other, we have identification. Identification is a reciprocal process, in which the self’s and the other’s surfaces mutually contain each other and co-create a shared field. The neural correlates of identification and differentiation are discussed. The second article, which follows, describes amniotic therapy and explores a single case study. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Anregungen zu einer Psychoanalyse des europäischen >Rechtsrucks<. Paper to be published online, Berlin 2014. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Suggestions for a Psychoanalysis of Europe’s Shift to the Right. Tranlsation of Peglau_A_2014. Paper to be published online, Berlin 2015. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - Sul potere e sull’impotenza della filosofia JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 225-236. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - Acerca del poder y la impoten¬cia de lá filosofía JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 220-231. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - On the Power and Impotence of Philosophy (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 1, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 235-247. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peixoto Junior, Carlos Augusto T1 - O objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social. || This essay aims at making a brief analysis of Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's contributions which, in some way, helped to formulate a psychoanalytic theory of social perversion. To this end, we have gone through a number of their works, where key concepts such as sexual economy, authoritarian character, performance principle and repressive de-sublimation were analysed in order to assess to what extent they can be used as operating concepts in the analysis of some perverse social phenomena. The essay also presents critiques and certain solutions proposed by the authors, showing how the paths followed lead to two models of sexual and social utopia. || Le but de cet essai est faire une breve analyse des apports de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm et Herbert Marcuse, qui ont en quelque façon contribué à Ia fonnulation d'une théorie psychanalytique de Ia perversion sociale. Dans ce sens, on a parcouru quelques de ses oeuvres analysant des concepts-clé, comme ceux de l'économie sexuelle, du caractere autoritaire, du principe de performance et désublimation répressive, pour évaluer jusqu'à quel point ils peuvent être utilisés comme opérateurs conceptuels dans l'analyse de quelques phénomenes sociaux perverso L'essai présente aussi critiques et certaines solutions proposées par les auteurs indiquant comment les chemins suivis arrivent à deux modeles d'utopie sexuelle et sociale. JF - Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro), Vol. 8, No. 1 (1998), pp. 101-121. [Online ISSN 1809-4481] [scielo.br/j/physis/a/KsgwqnmK3tfJyc3t6rjQ5mF/?format=pdf&lang=pt] N2 - O objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social. N2 - This essay aims at making a brief analysis of Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's contributions which, in some way, helped to formulate a psychoanalytic theory of social perversion. To this end, we have gone through a number of their works, where key concepts such as sexual economy, authoritarian character, performance principle and repressive de-sublimation were analysed in order to assess to what extent they can be used as operating concepts in the analysis of some perverse social phenomena. The essay also presents critiques and certain solutions proposed by the authors, showing how the paths followed lead to two models of sexual and social utopia. N2 - Le but de cet essai est faire une breve analyse des apports de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm et Herbert Marcuse, qui ont en quelque façon contribué à Ia fonnulation d'une théorie psychanalytique de Ia perversion sociale. Dans ce sens, on a parcouru quelques de ses oeuvres analysant des concepts-clé, comme ceux de l'économie sexuelle, du caractere autoritaire, du principe de performance et désublimation répressive, pour évaluer jusqu'à quel point ils peuvent être utilisés comme opérateurs conceptuels dans l'analyse de quelques phénomenes sociaux perverso L'essai présente aussi critiques et certaines solutions proposées par les auteurs indiquant comment les chemins suivis arrivent à deux modeles d'utopie sexuelle et sociale. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Álvarez, Gonzalo T1 - Apuntes sobre las nociones de justicia presentes en las memorias de trabajadores de la Patagonia: ¿qué hace que nos rebelemos? [Notes on Notions of Justice in the Memories of Workers in Patagonia: What Makes Us Rebel?] JF - Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2022), pp. 705-725. [Online ISSN 2341-1112] [doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.2.16] N2 - A partir de los testimonios registrados en diversas entrevistas a trabajadores de la Patagonia argentina, exploro cuáles son las nociones de justicia y los valores morales que incidieron en ellos cuando decidieron rebelarse contra las condiciones de vida que sufrían cotidianamente. Se entretejen cuestiones vinculadas al género (y a la experiencia obrera sobre la conformación de una clase generizada), a no acceder a un mínimo disfrute de la vida o del tiempo libre, al «exceso» de explotación, a la transmisión generacional, entre otros factores. El trabajo retoma aportes tradicionales y los análisis sobre las nociones de justicia y autoridad pensadas, entre otros, por Erich Fromm y Jean Piaget. N2 - Based on the testimonies recorded in various interviews with workers in Argentine Patagonia, the present article examines those notions of justice and moral values that influenced their decision to rebel against the daily suffering of their living conditions. Woven into this examination are issues of gender (and the working experience of the formation of a gendered class), of barriers to basic standard of living or to leisure time, of the «excess» of exploitation, of transmission from generation to generation, and so forth. The article draws from traditional sources as well as analysing notions of justice and authority in the works of Erich Fromm and Jean Piaget, amongst others. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Jiayu A1 - Cui, Dan T1 - Who is the Ultimate Dream Weaver in John Keats’s >The Eve of St. Agnes?< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Communication, Society and Media, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2021), pp. 24-39. [Online ISSN 2576-5396] [doi.org/10.22158/csm.v4n3p24] N2 - Chinese abstract not available] This article aims to interpret dreams in John Keats’s narrative >The Eve of St. Agnes< from different perspectives: the Beadsman’s, Porphyro’s, Madeline’s and John Keats’s, the poet. We will analyze their functions respectively, and then draw a conclusion of Keats’s purpose in structuring such a way of weaving dreams. After summarizing studies and theories on dream and soul from the perspective of psychoanalysis and scholars’ views on >The Eve of St. Agnes<, we will continue to illustrate the ways in which John Keats constructs three layers of dreams with the pertinent approaches by Freud, Fromm, Lacan, Rank, Žižek, etc. so as to reveal John Keats’s viewpoints on life and death, dream and reality, and pleasure and pain. [Author's English] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pertiwi, Vina T1 - The Concept of Motherly Love in Margaret Widdemer's >The Watcher< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Lantern – Journal on English Language, Culture and Literature (Diponegoro University), Vol. 5, No. 1 (2016). N2 - Margaret Widdemer's >The Watcher< tells about how the watcher has wonderful love to her beloved. The purpose of this study is to analyze the intrinsic elements of the poem and the kind of love in the poem. The author uses psychological approach to prove that the love in this poem is between mother and her children based on Erich Fromm's theory of love. The author uses library research in her study for collecting the data. The author obtained the data and information related to the object from the books and internet source. The result of this study shows that the poem talks about the love of mother to her children. It can be categorized into motherly love. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrović, Gajo T1 - El hombre y la libertad JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 298-304. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrović, Gajo T1 - Man and Freedom (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 038-045. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peng, Liang T1 - An Interpretation of >Ragtime< by E.L. Doctorow from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. [doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000987] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Ragtime<, published in 1975, is the fourth novel written by Jewish-American novelist E. L. Doctorow, for which he was awarded >the 1976 National Book Critics Circle Award<. Doctorow focused on the important figures in three families to explore the fate of different classes in the United States, and he didn’t try to write a grand history of the entire United States to reflect that time. He perfectly presented three very different American family freedom dilemmas in >Ragtime<: One was a wealthy middle-class white family, the other was a Jewish family from European immigrants, and the last was a black family, which genuinely reproduced the microcosm of all classes in that era. At present, some scholars have explored >Ragtime< from different angles such as feminist criticism and new historicism. Because of its unique writing style and ingenious narrative techniques, there are also many scholars studying the narrative strategy of the novel. However, there is a lack of comprehensive comments on the dilemma of freedom of the protagonists, the mechanism to negative freedom and how to realize positive freedom in the novel. From the perspective of Fromm’s freedom theory, we can find that the freedom dilemma of an individual in modern society makes people confused. So manipulation and being manipulated, a desire to destroy, automaton conformity, and other mechanisms of negative freedom come into being. As for Fromm, to be a complete human being, to be truly free must be achieved through the spontaneous love and creative labor of the individual. Based on Fromm’s view of freedom, the interpretation of >Ragtime< is of guiding significance for individuals in today’s society to move from freedom dilemma to positive freedom. Ultimately, the liberation and free and all-around development of human beings is the highest value orientation for realizing a community with a shared future for mankind, which promotes the human beings to move towards a better tomorrow. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Matthijs T1 - Reification and the Duty to Work Through the Past: On Critical Theory and Temporality JF - New German Critique, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2020), pp. 107–138. [Online ISSN 1558-1462] [doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-8288153] N2 - This article focuses on the role that the notion of temporality can and should play in the tradition of Critical Theory. Following an overview of the critical analyses of time found in the works of Marx, Lukács, Weber, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse, the article analyzes Hartmut Rosa’s critique of social acceleration and argues that this critique lacks a firm normative basis. This basis is required, however, for one to claim why certain processes of social acceleration are wrong. It is shown that Rosa’s analyses of acceleration contain two suggestions for such a basis: autonomy understood as a narrative identity, and autonomy as defended by Honneth’s theory of recognition. After an exploration of both suggestions, in which the ideas of MacIntyre and Ricoeur are briefly discussed as well, it is argued that a combination of both may result in a specific, normative understanding of reification, which is defended against Honneth’s definition of this concept. Based on an interpretation of passages in Horkheimer and Adorno’s >Dialectic of Enlightenment< and Adorno’s notion of >working through the past<, the article claims that reification should be understood as a forgetting of the narratives that have shaped the self and the social structures under which this self is formed, and therefore as the inability to recognize the temporal dimensions of the autonomous self. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienazione, marxismo e umanesimo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 353-372. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienación, marxismo y humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 342-361. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Afàenação, Marxismo e Humanismo (Um ponto de vista cristão) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 324-346. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienation, Marxism, and Humanism (A Christian Viewpoint) (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 084-105. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaff, Adam T1 - Il marxismo e la filosofia dell’uomo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 165-175. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaff, Adam T1 - O Marxismo e a Filosofia do Homem JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 151-162. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schragmann, Hannah T1 - Produktivität neu denken. Vom Trennungs- zum Vermittlungsbegriff, Wiesbaden (Springer VS) 2024. [Online ISBN 978-3-658-43858-6] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43858-6_3] N2 - Nach diesem (eklektisch bleibenden) ideengeschichtlichen Überblick widmet sich das folgende Kapitel der Frage, wie ein humanistischer Produktivitätsbegriff aussehen könnte, der das Subjekt und dessen Selbst- und Weltbezug ins Zentrum stellt. Zu diesem Zweck soll in Kapitel drei auf die Theorien Erich Fromms und Hartmut Rosas zurückgegriffen werden, bevor in Kapitel vier Kriterien für einen humanistischen Produktivitätsbegriff definiert werden. Der Auswahl der Autoren liegt die These zugrunde, dass beide die Frage nach produktiver Selbstwerdung neu stellen und diese an der lebensweltlichen Erfahrung spiegeln. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreiber, Beate T1 - >Mein Vater war ein Kaufmann<. Zur Herkunfts- und Einwanderungsgeschichte der Familie von Lea Grundig JF - K. Krenzlin (Hg.), >Schreibe mir nur immer viel<. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hans und Lea Grundig. Ein Werkstattbericht Im Auftrag der Akademie der Künste, Berlin, und der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung hg. von Kathleen Krenzlin, Berlin und München (Deutscher Kunstverlag), 2022, pp. 121-154. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saunders, Betsy T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Sane Society (1955a, English) JF - The American Scholar (The Phi Beta Kappa Society), Vol. 25, No. 1 (Winter, 1955-1956), pp. 119-120. Y1 - 1955 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedlacek, Stefanie T1 - Unresolved shadows: German encounters in the consulting room JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 1, 2022), pp. 012-023. N2 - The reunification of Germany took place in 1990. As an analyst brought up in the former West Germany, but practicing in Berlin, I have observed over and over again that patients who come from what used to be East Germany (German Democratic Republic) – even those born after 1990 – have a strong need to distinguish between East Germans and West Germans. In their minds, Germany seems still to be a divided country. A split identity appears to have been internalized, producing >West German< and >East German< racists who despise, in the >other< kind of German, a devalued aspect of what being German means. I have tried for many years to understand the hidden meanings of this defensive maneuver for the analytic couple, and beyond this for the relation between the East and West German societies. Here I discuss these unresolved shadows in German identity. Analyses in Germany may be dominated by the splits they provoke, which interfere with patients’ capacities to think. Patients may relate instead to a >German< object that is impersonal, nonempathic, and rejects the idea of an independent internal world. The defensive use of this object in the transference has to be continually worked through in the analysis. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweigmann-Greve, Kay A1 - Wallat, Hendrik T1 - Judentum und Sozialismus im Werk von Aaron Steinberg JF - Sans phrase - Zeitschrift für Ideologiekritik, Wien 2021, pp. 211-224. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrupp, Antje T1 - Schwangerwerdenkönnen. Wie erreichen wir reproduktive Gerechtigkeit? JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 172-177. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 25 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024m ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumm, Wilhelm T1 - Arbeiter und Angestellte am Vorabend des Dritten Reiches. Eine sozialpsychologische Untersuchung. JF - A. Honneth (Ed.), Schlüsseltexte der Kritischen Theorie, Wiesbaden (VS) 2006, pp. 156-159. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schultz, Hans Jürgen T1 - Prefazione T2 - E. Fromm, L’amore per la vita. Letture radiofoniche, a cura di Hans Jürgen Schultz, Milano (Arnoldo Mondadori Editore) 1984, pp. 5-8. Y1 - 1984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, Hans Jürgen T1 - Erich Fromm - Humanist ohne Illusion. Typescript, 11 pp. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Förg T1 - Besinnung in flexiblen Zeiten. Leibliche Perspektiven auf postmoderne Arbeit, Wiesbaden (Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) 2009, 278 pp. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scribner, Phillip H. T1 - Escape from Freedom and Dignity JF - Ethics, Vol. 83, No. 1 (Oct., 1972), pp. 13-36. Y1 - 1972 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ・フロム「自己実現」論の再構成 : 「持つこと」と「在ること」の連関に注目して [The Reconstruction of Erich Fromm's >Self-realization< Theory: Focusing on the Organic Relation between >To Have< and >To Be<] JF - [教育学研究 [The Japanese Journal of Educational Research], Vol. 76, No. 3 (2009), pp. 334-346. [doi.org/10.11555/kyoiku.76.3_334] N2 - 本稿の目的は、エーリッヒ・フロムの「自己実現」論を再構成し、その人間形成論的な可能性を提示することである。フロムはしばしば社会および人間を二つの位相に分けたうえで、片方を持ち上げてもう片方を非難するという論法を採用したが、従来それらは素朴な勧善懲悪的図式として理解される傾向にあった。だがその遺稿から明らかになったフロムによる初期マルクスへの直接的な参照は、そうしたフロムの方法論が決して単純な善悪二元論にはおさまらないことを示唆している。マルクスの言う私有財産の「止揚」プロセスとフロムの想定したこつの様式観が交わりあう過程とをそれぞれのテクストにより突き合わせていくことで、フロムの「自己実現」論は、発達の脱中心化を志向する近年の教育人間学的なモメントを理論レベルにおいて批判的に彫琢しうる、他とのつながりに開かれながらも「自己」へと再帰的に準拠する人間形成論として、新たに定位される。 N2 - The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct >Self-realization< theory of Erich Fromm (1900-1980) and to show the pedagogical potentiality through focusing on the dynamism of his methodized dichotomy. Erich Fromm used dichotomies repeatedly to analyze the composition of society and person. In fact, there were several instances such as >the nonproductive orientation< or >the productive orientation<, >necrophilia< or >biophilia<, and >to have< or >to be<. These ideas are usually thought to be simple dualism. In other words, these ideas are seen to have a naive character that one side of a problem is to be praised and the other side of the problem is to be criticized. So, many studies have pointed out critically that these ideas of Fromm tend to fall into excessive simplification and that he is a naive moralist. In pedagogy, the dichotomies of Fromm are always taken statically in the same way. Because those studies, most of which are developed as >Self-realization< theory, often set up a utopian goal unquestioningly, they have been unable to escape from the above-mentioned criticisms. However, can we find the depth which is beyond simple dualism in Fromm's way of presenting the dichotomy? We should not overlook the fact that Fromm has continued to criticize human reason as one of the members of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, and he did take it into account that persons and societies are full of contradictions. When we see Fromm says that one side of man is good and the other is bad, is it rather natural that we should assume some overlap behind his simple dualism? Assuming that his dichotomy has organic relation within, our understanding about his >self-realization< theory will be reformed to be more sound. On that concern, we take one of Fromm's dualistic ideas, >to have< and >to be,< and attempt to analyze the inner relation. For, this dualistic idea is thought to be the most representative and abstract one of Fromm's dualistic ideas. Actually, there are many examples to support this hypothesis on the ideas, >to have< and knowledge< seem to have some room to interpret his dualistic ideas and have organic relation with each other. Fromm refers to the possibility of the >productive< knowledge (= >being knowledge<) without overlooking the importance of the >non-productive< knowledge (= >having knowledge<). He thinks the latter knowledge can be changed to the former knowledge. Then, how does >the mode of having< develop to be >the mode of beingalienationto have< with the structure of private possession which Marx investigated. Throughout our examination to check the crossing between two forms with the process of >Aufhebung< of private property on their texts, Fromm's >self-realization< theory is redefined as the theory of the unique character-building driven by the unity with other people, which can critically reinforce pedagogical thoughts of decentralization at the conceptual level. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - O Socialismo É Um Humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 78-94. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - El socialismo como humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 71-85. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Septiani, Pipit T1 - Orientasi Karakter Perilaku Aktivis Mahasiswa [Character Orientation of Students Activst Behavior] JF - E-Journal Bimbingan dan Konseling, Vol. 12 (2016), 636-646. [Online ISSN 2502-4450] [journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fipbk/article/viewFile/6248/6000] N2 - Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan adanya perilaku mahasiswa yang menarik diri dari lingkungan organisasi. Permasalahan yang diangkat oleh peneliti merupakan hasil tinjauan budaya dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan politik di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, memahami dan memaknai dikotomi eksistensial Erich Fromm dalam membantu subyek mengatasi alienasi organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sejumlah tiga orang mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data, lalu kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data, yaitu triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subyek AS dan ANU menggunakan orientasi karakter produktif dengan persentase sebesar 45,32 dan 22,37. Sedangkan subyek KJ menggunakan orientasi karakter nonproduktif dengan persentase sebesar -1,47. N2 - This study is based on the behavior of university student who withdrew from the organization environment. Set of problems which raised by the researcher is a result of culture consideration in implementation of political education at the State University of Yogyakarta. Therefore, this research aim to know, understand and interpret the Erich Fromm existential dichotomies to help subjects overcome alienation of organization. The research used a qualitative approach. The subject of research choosed by purposive sampling, as much as three students. Methods of data collection using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, display data, and conclusion. Test the validity of the data using triangulation data technique that was source triangulation and methods. The results showed that subjects ANU and AS used the productive orientation of character with a large percentage of 45.32 and 22.37. While the subject of KJ used nonproductive orientation of character with a large percentage -1.47. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - Il socialismo è un umanesimo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 71-85. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - Socialism Is a Humanism (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 1, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 073-090. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seo, Eun-ju T1 - 냉전의 지식문화 – 1960 &1970년대 소외론을 중심으로 [The Knowledge Culture of Cold War in the 1960s & 1970s Focusing on Discourses of Alienation] JF - 민족문학사연구 [Journal of Korean Literary History], No. 67 (2018), pp. 397-430. N2 - 이 글은 1960∼1970년대 한국의 지식(문화)장에서 실현된 소외의 담론정치를 냉전의 지식문화사라는 계보 속에서 읽어내고자 한다. 프랑크푸르트학파의 담론이 파편적이고도, 편의적으로 재단되어 수용되었던 한국 지식장의 사회문화적 맥락을 검토하고, 그 가운데에서 특히 프롬과 마르쿠제의 소외론이 냉전체제 아래에서 비판적 지식인들에게 어떻게 전유되는지를 살펴본다. 또한 크리스찬아카데미의 『대화』를 통해 진보적 기독교 지식인들이 >인간화<라는 주제 아래 소외개념을 변용·확산시키는 과정과, 그들이 소외의 현장과 긴밀하게 접속됨으로써 반체제 인권운동으로 달려가는 상황도 분석한다. 또한 문학 영역의 소외론이 예술의 자율성을 둘러싼 오래된 논쟁으로 진영화하는 양상을 검토한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 냉전질서 속에서 산업화를 진행하였던 1960∼1970년대 한국 담론 장에서, 과연 소외론이 >저항담론<으로서 지식사회의 의식적 각성에 기여하였는지, 혹은 궁극적으로 대중사회·산업사회를 절대화하는 >위장된 저항담론<으로 기능하였는지를 가늠해 본다. N2 - This article intends to read the discourse politics of alienation realized in Korea’s knowledge / culture field of 1960s & 1970s in the genealogy of the knowledge / culture history of the Cold War. It examines the socio-cultural context of the Korean knowledge field, where the discourse of the Frankfurt School has been accepted as fragmented and cutting for convenience. In particular, this article focuses on how critical intellectuals appropriated to the alienation theory of Fromm and Marcuse under the Cold War system. In addition, through the Christian Academy’s DAEHWA (Dialogue) it analyzes that progressive Christian intellectuals transformed and spreaded the alienation concept under the theme of >humanization<, and analyzing the situation in which they committed them-selves to the human rights movements by being closely connected with the alienated field. In the aspect of the alienation of literature field, it examines the old debate surrounding the autonomy of art. In the Korean discourse of the 1960s and 1970s, when the Cold War era was industrialized through such a process, it became clear that the alienation theory contributed to awakening the conscious of the knowledge society as >Discourse of Resistance<, or to absolutizing Mass society & Industrial society as >Disguised Discourse of Resistance<. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ ・ フロム ノ 「 リセイテキ ケンイ 」 ガイネン ニ タイスル イチ コウサツ : キョウイク ニ オケル ケンイ ニ ツイテ ノ シロン [An Essay about Authority in Education: Focusing Erich Fromm's Thoughts on >Rational Authority<] JF - リベラル・アーツ [Liberal Arts], No. 8 (2014), pp. 39-51. [ISSN 18816746] [core.ac.uk/download/229829681.pdf] N2 - The aim of this article is to rethink the authority in education tentatively. For this purpose, this article pays attention to a conception called >rational authority<, which was presented by Erich Fromm (1900-80), who was famous sociopsychologist in the 20th century. Many studies of pedagogy or educational science have emphasized the need of the authority in education. But most of them tend to discuss a desirable quantity of the authority and do not fully have qualitative discrimination of the authority in educational fields. However, Erich Fromm's thoughts on authority seem to have potentiality for that qualitative discrimination. According to Fromm's early texts, especially in Escape from Freedom (1941) and Man for Himself (1947), >rational authority< have four characteristics. That is, 1) >rational authority< is ruled by the elements of love, admiration and gratitude, 2) it can become the model of the identification generally or partially, 3) the authority has its source in competence, and 4) it is always temporary. It is certain that these characteristics are rather abstractive, but in considering works of his latter period, the dynamics between >rational authority< and >inhibiting authority< is suggested. This dynamism hints for the possibility of rethinking of the authority in education. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Поиск любви в безлюбом мире [The Search for Love in a Loveless World] JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], Vol. 65, No. 2 (2014), pp. 173-181. [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - Предметом исследования данной статьи является сущность любовного чувства, выражаю щаяся в концепции Платона, трактующей любовь как стремление восполнить утраченную целостность, которая была возрождена и по-новому ранжирована в трудах представителей гуманистической психоло-гии: Эриха Фромма, Гордона Олпорта, Карен Хорни, Гарри Салливана и других. Автор рассматривает различные виды любви, освещает проблему оскудения эмоционального мира современного человека, в сравнении, например, с античным греком, появления новых невротических видов любви, обусловленных проникновени- ем рыночных отношений в самые глубинные и интимные стороны человеческой жизни. В работе в различных комбинациях в зависимости от поставленных задач использовались общенаучные методы исследования: метод сравнительного анализа, синтез, структурный и системный методы. Научная новизна данной статьи состоит в том, что в ней освещена идея любви Платона, возрожденная иполучившая философско-антропологическое осмысление в неофрейдизме, что позволило рассмотреть фено-мен любви в >человеческом измерении<. Автором было акцентировано внимание, на том, что представите-лями данного направления был сделан огромный вклад в изучении данной темы, а не только темы личности, индивидуальности, ценности человека. Любовь существует в разных формах, можно говорить о ее много- образных проявлениях, меняющихся от эпохи к эпохе, различных видах, но существует глубинная сущностьлюбви, выражающаяся в тоске человека по утраченной целостности и стремлении восполнить свою фрагментарность, разорванность, незавершенность в продуктивном союзе с другим человеком. Эмоциональный мир современного человека оскудевает, появляются новые невротические формы проявления любви, подме- няющие живые чувства рыночными отношениями. В гуманистической психологии впервые за долгое время было привлечено внимание к теме любви, была возрождена концепция любви как разрешения главной проблемы человеческого бытия, данная тема была ранжирована на материале современного общества. N2 - The subject matter of the present research article is the nature of human love as expressed in Plato’s philosophy. Plato viewed love as one’s desire to restore his integrity and become complete. The same idea was raised again by the followers of humanistic psychology such as Erich Fromm, Gordon Allport, Karen Horney, Harry Sullivan and others. The author of the present article describes different forms of love and touches upon the issue of emotional ‘poverty’ of a modern human compared to, for example, an ancient Greek. The author also underlines that new forms of neurotic love have been appearing lately. According to the author, this is the result of the invasion of market relations into the most intimate spheres of human life. In her research, depending on a set goal, the author uses general scientific methods of research such as the method of comparative analysis, synthesis, structured method and systems method. The scientific novelty of this research article is the discussion of Plato’s concept of love developed by neo-Freudianism which allowed to see the phenomenon of love in the ‘humanistic’ dimension. The author also emphasizes the fact that the representatives of humanistic psychology made a significant contribution to the studies of the phenomenon of love apart from their contribution to the development of the concepts of personality, individuality and value of human. Love exists in different forms so we can say it may have different expressions depending on the historical epoch, but the main motive of love has always been the longing for the lost integrity and the desire to overcome the feeling of existential loneliness and feel completed again in the union with the other person. However, a modern human has rather poor emotions and this leads to creation of new neurotic expressions of love where true feelings are replaced with the importance of market relations. For the first time in a long period of humanistic psychology the author attracts our attention to the topic of love again and restores the concept of love as the way to overcome the main problem of human existence based on the experience of the modern society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shamne, Anzhelika T1 - Psychosocial Personality Development: Continuity and Change in Adolescent, Youth and Adult Age [ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ОСО-БИСТОСТІ: БЕЗПЕРЕРВНІСТЬ І ЗМІНИ В ПІДЛІТКОВОМУ, ЮНАЦЬКОМУ І ДОРО-СЛОМУВІЦІ] [ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ: НЕПРЕРЫВНОСТЬ И ИЗ-МЕНЕНИЯ В ПОДРОСТКОВОМ, ЮНО-ШЕСКОМ И ВЗРОСЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ] JF - Psychological Journal, Vol. 5, No. 5 (2019), pp. 84-98. [Online ISSN 2414-004X] [doi.org/10.31108/1.2019.5.5.7] N2 - The article presents the results of the comparison of the variability of the psychosocial development of the personality in the adolescent, youth and adult age. At the first stage of the empirical study, the types of development in adolescence and youth age. Personality (motivation, value orientations, focus, communicative features), subject (autonomy, self-regulation, locus of control), as well as social and behavioural (distinctive features of social functioning) characteristics were used as typing criteria. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths are interpreted as constructive, non-constructive and destructive models of coming of age. At the second stage of the study the theoretical generalization of the types of personality existing in psychology and strategies of personality functioning during the period of adult age. The analysis is based on the theories of A. Adler, K. Horney, D. Marsh, E. Desci and R. Rayen, E. Fromm et al. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths was compared with variants (types, patterns) of the development in adulthood. The dynamics and continuity of the types of the psychosocial development and strategies for functioning adolescents, youths and adults were determined. It was revealed that the main features of continuity can be found along the lines of constructive or non-constructive development, focus on oneself or other people, self-sufficiency or dependence on the milieu and circumstances. The process of typing of the psychosocial development is the result of the integration of traits of the personality and the way it functions (behaves), which is inherent to it. The factors of that process were identified: regulation by the personality of his/her behavior and activities and his/her position in the system of relationships. The type of the psychosocial development is a complex structural and functional unity. The crystallization of that type from the adolescent age to adulthood is a targeted and logical process associated with the emergence of the self-concept, the ability to self-determination and self-regulation mechanisms in the adolescent age. The article emphasizes the importance of prevention and correction of the preconditions of non-constructive development models. N2 - Анотація. У статті представлено порівняння варі-ативностіпсихосоціального розвитку особи-стості в періоди підліткового віку, юнацького віку і дорослості. На першому етапі емпірич-ного дослідження виділено типи розвитку у підлітковому віці (автономно-самодостатній, інтернально-домінантний, доброзичливо-залежний, фрустровано-кризовий) та у юнаць-кому віці (гармонійний, суб’єктно-домінантний, залежно-адаптивний, дезінтег рований). В якості критеріїв типізації розвит-ку використовувалися особистісні, суб'єктні і соціально-поведінкові паттерни функціону-вання. Здійснено порівняння змісту автономно-самодостатнього та гармонійного, інтерналь-но-домінантного та суб’єктно-домінантниого, доброзичливо-залежного та залежно-адаптивного, фрустровано-кризового та дезін-тегрованого типів розвитку. Їх інтерпретовано як конструктивну, неконструктивну і деструк-тивну моделі дорослішання. В якості основно-го критерія було використано ефективність розв’язання підлітками та юнаками основних задач дорослішання. Виділено дві групи де-термінант оформлення типу розвитку особи-стостів період дорослішання: регуляція по-ведінки та діяльності (інтернальний/екстернальний локус контролю; орієнтація на внутрішні чи на зовнішні критерії тощо) і по-зиція у системі стосунків (доброзичливість/агресивність, егоїстична/гуманістична орієнтація тощо). На другому етапі здійснено теоретичне узагальнення описаних у психології типів осо-бистості і стратегій функціонування особис-тості у період дорослості. Аналіз здійснено на основі теорій А. Адлера, К. Хорні, Д. Марша, Е. Десі і Р. Райєна, Е. Фромма та ін. Здійснено співставлення типів (паттернів) психосоціаль-ного розвитку у період підліткового та юнаць-кого віку з описаними типологіями розвитку у дорослості. Аналіз показав, що між ними існує пев на змістовна подібність і наступність. Основні напрями наступності від підліткового віку до дорослості проходятьза наступними напряма-ми: становлення конструктивного(гармонійноготипу) або неконструктивного(дисгармонійноготипу) типу розвитку, спря-мованість на себе чи на інших людей, опора на себе чи залежність від оточення і обставин. Виходячи з отриманих даних, підкреслюється, що підлітковий і юнацький вік є сензитивни-мидо процесу оформлення індивідуального паттерну функціонування і стратегії подаль-шого розвитку у період дорослості. Посту-люється принципова незавершеність процесу становлення особистості у підлітковому та юнацькому віці, пластичність, сенситивність, відкритість для різних можливостей і впливів. N2 - В статье представлено сравнение вари-ативностипсихосоциальногоразвитиялично-сти в периоды подросткового возраста, юно-шеского возраста и взрослости. На первом этапе эмпирического исследования выделены типы развития в подростковом возрасте (автономно-самодостаточный, интернально-доминантный, доброжелательно-зависимый, фрустрированные-кризисный) и в юношеском возрасте (гармоничный, субъектно-доминантный, зависимо-адаптивный, дезинте-грированный). В качестве критериев типиза-ции развития использовались личностные, субъектные и социально-поведенческие пат-терны функционирования. Проведено сравне-ние содержания автономно-самодостаточного и гармоничного, интернально-доминантного и субъектно-доминантниого, доброжелательно-зависимого и зависимо-адаптивного, фрустри-рованно-кризисного и дезинтегрированного типов развития. Их интерпретировано как конструктивную, неконструктивную и де-структивную модели взросления современной молодежи. В качестве основного критерия бы-ли использованы эффективность решения подростками и юношами основных задач взросления. Выделены две группы детерми-нант оформления типа развития личности в период взросления: регуляция поведения и деятельности (интернальный / экстернальный локус контроля, ориентация на внутренние или на внешние критерии и т.д.) и позиция в системе отношений (доброжелательность / агрессивность, эгоистичная / гуманистическая ориентация и т.д.).На втором этапе осуществлено теоре-тическое обобщение описанных в психологии типов личности и стратегий функционирова-ния личности в период взрослости. Анализ осуществлен на основе теорий А. Адлера, К. Хорни, Д. Марша, Е. Деси и Р. Райена, Э. Фромма и др. Осуществлено сопоставление типов (паттернов) психосоциального развития в период подросткового и юношеского воз-раста с описанными типологиями развития во взрослости. Анализ показал, что между ними существует определенное содержательное сходство и преемственность. Основные направления преемственности от подростко-вого возраста к взрослости проходят по сле-дующим направлениям: становление кон-структивного (гармоничного типа) или некон-структивного (дисгармоничного типа) разви-тия, направленность на себя или на других людей, опора на себя или зависимость от окружения и обстоятельств. Исходя из полу-ченных данных, подчеркивается, что подрост-ковый и юношеский возраст является сензи-тивными к процессу оформления индивиду-ального паттерна функционирования и стра-тегии дальнейшего развития в период взрос-лости. Постулируется принципиальная неза-вершенность процесса становления личности в подростковом и юношеском возрасте, его пластичность, сензитивность, открытость для различных возможностей и влияний. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sethness, Javier T1 - Psychoanalysis for Collective Liberation. A Review of Erich Fromm’s Critical Theory JF - New Politics Journal, New York January 21, 2022. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Setyo, Furiandanu A1 - Resnitriwati, Christine T1 - Analysis of Love Desire Reflected in >First Love< Poem by John Clare [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Lantern – Journal on English Language, Culture and Literature (Diponegoro University), Vol. 4, No. 4 (2015). N2 - The author discusses love desire in poem of John Clare entitled >First Love<. The purpose of this study is to understand the poem through analyzing intrinsic and extrinsic elements of the poem. The methods used were library research and structural approach. By using the method of library research, the author collects some information and document that support the process of analysis. The structural approach used by the author to discover and analyze intrinsic element inside the poem. The extrinsic element analysis discusses about love desire in this poem by using theory of love by Erich Fromm. The result of the study shows how deep the poet’s love desire and consistency of loving her are, although the girl does not love him. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shao, Lele T1 - Research on Marcuse’s Theory of Alienation Criticism and Liberation in Psychoanalytic Context, Master thesis, Art Theory, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2016 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - Through hackling Herbert Marcuse’s theory of alienation criticism and liberation in the psychoanalytic context, the article aims to illustrate what influence on Marcuse the psychoanalysis theory has. Besides, by analyzing and comparing with other theorists’ alienation criticism and liberation theory in the related Schools, the article tries to find out not only the similarities and differences but also the successive relationship between each other. Meanwhile the article tries to discuss the evaluation of Marcuse’s of alienation criticism and the liberation theory in the contemporary. As a Western Marxist esthetician, Marcuse combines Marxist aesthetics with Freudian psychoanalysis. He focuses on emphasizing biological characteristics and psychological analysis of individuals of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Furthermore, Marcuse transforms and re-interprets Freud’s psychoanalytic concepts such as instinct, unconscious, personality structure by combining with Marx’s social and cultural critique theory, and creates his own critique concept, which contains additional depression, reality principle and erotic sublimation. More importantly, Marcuse rediscovers Freud’s brilliant exposition on imagination and fantasy, associates Freud’s theory with aesthetic and artistic liberation path, tries to regard aesthetic art as a tool to liberate individuals and reform the society. Thus Marcuse builds up a new horizon for sensibility, art and aesthetic field. From Freud to Marcuse and Erich Fromm, to Deleuze and Jameson, they all have different understandings of concepts such as unconscious. Therefore they form different civilizations and Liberation theories. Those differences reflect an academic transition. Owing to combination unconscious and artistic, the emphasis on biological foundation for psychoanalysis and establishment of aesthetic utopia, Marcuse plays an important role in the academic development. Marcuse’s alienation critique and aesthetic liberation theory can be seen as a cultural critique, in which aesthetics become an important tool for criticism and redemption. His focus on individual’s alienation reflects a strong humanistic care, and point to an utopian imagination about the future. But his analysis on human alienation in the psychoanalytic context has surmounted the specific social historical conditions and ideological barriers, and has a great significance for the contemporary China. [English: www.cnki.net, 6/2022] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Human Being in Erich Fromm’s Interpretation JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], Vol. 35, No. 8 (2011), pp. 8-17. [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - имя Эриха Фромма давно уже стало знаковым. Он олицетворяет целую эпоху, которая противостояла тоталитаризму и раболепию, пытаясь придать социальной истории гуманистическое измерение. Популярность Фромма во всем мире и влияние его идей на современное сознание значительны. За последние годы работ о Фромме выпущено немало. Они в основном характеризуют американского исследователя как одного из видных представителей гуманистической психологии. В данном случае автор пытается включить Фромма в летопись философской антропологии. N2 - Erich Fromm’s name has become symbolic long time ago. He represents a whole epoch that opposed to totalitarianism and servility and tried to add humanistic dimension to the social history. Fromm is popular all over the world and his ideas influence the modern consciousness greatly. Many works about Fromm have been published recently. These works mostly describe him as one of the brightest figures in humanistic psychology. The author of this article tries to view Fromm’s ideas from the point of view of philosophical anthropology. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Anthropological Content of Culture in Erich Fromm's Interpretation JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], No. 12 (2009). [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - In this article culture is viewed in the light of philosophical anthropology. The author analyzed how the term ‘culture’ changed through ages. The author also touched upon the anthropological aspect of culture. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Serrano Villafane, Emilio T1 - Review E. Fromm: Humanismo Socialist (1965a-spa) JF - Unknown Source, 1971, pp. 316-318. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shim, Jae-Myung T1 - 에리히 프롬을 통해 본 여가의 의미 [Meaning of Leisure Implied in Erich Fromm] JF - 관광연구논총 [Journal of Tourism Studies], Vol. 34, No. 2 (2022), pp. 3-27. N2 - 본 연구는 에리히 프롬의 글을 통해 철학적 관점에서 여가에 대해 탐구하였다. 역사적으로 사회는 정치적, 경제적으로 인간에게 자유를 부여하는 방식으로 발전해왔으며, 그 기반 위에서 인간이 자유를 적극적으로 실현해 각자의 개성을 실현할 수 있을 것이라고 기대되었다. 그러나 그 같은 체험을 하는 사람은 소수이며 대부분의 사람들은 오로지 소극적 의미의 자유만을 경험함으로써 자유의 진정한 의미를 살리지 못하고 있다. 프롬의 저서들로부터 여가에 시사점을 준다고 판단되는 여덟 개의 주제를 도출하였다. 그것들은 현대자본주의 사회에 순응한 현대인에게서 어떻게 수동적 여가의 모습이 주를 이루고 있는가를 이해하는데 도움을 준다. 현대사회의 노동은 인간이 능동적 존재가 될 수 없는 영역이며 생존의 필요를 가지는 인간이 노동으로부터 벗어나기 어렵다. 따라서 여가를 통해 인간이 능동적인 존재가 되어 자유를 적극적으로 실현함으로써 개성을 실현하는 것이 여가가 삶에 줄 수 있는 진정한 보상이라는 것이 프롬이 던지는 메시지이다. N2 - This study explores the meaning of leisure based on Erich Fromm’s thesis of freedom. What we call democratic society has evolved such that people have been increasingly provided with more freedom, socially and politically, and it was expected that people actively would seek out to use that freedom to fulfill their potentials and individuality. But, most people have conformed to the existing social order and failed to achieve active use of it. Examination of a series of Fromm’s books resulted in eight themes, each of which may indicate how this failure took place, which, in turn, give implications in our understanding of leisure. Especially, they help us understand how modern leisure concedes to the norms of capitalist society and comes to only represent passive experiences in life. It is unlikely that people pursue an active existence in work, nor can they live without it. It is leisure therefore where people can exercise freedom, be a master of their own, build their identity, and be what they truly are. [Author's English version] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shin, Minjoon T1 - 새로운 문명의 장력을 향하는 개체적 의지 — 루쉰(魯迅) 초기 잡문을 중심으로 [A Study on the New Will of Individual in Lu Xun’s Early Essay] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 중국학논총 [Journal of Chinese Studies], No. 71 (2021), pp. 115-140. N2 - 루쉰(魯迅)은 자신의 초기 잡문을 통해 문명이 지닌 인류발전으로서의 과정 및 결과로서의 성격과 함께 문명이 지니는 규범화를 통해 발현되는 야만성 및 그로 인한 인간의 자기예속적인 모습을 보여주었다. 루쉰은 이러한 문명의 양가적인 모습 속에서 살아가는 인간에게서 새로운 개체적 의지를 찾고자 하였고, 이를 통해 인류 사회의 조화를 모색하고자 하였다. 이것이 바로 루쉰의 문학 창작이 지니는 의미라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 이러한 루쉰의 창작은 곧 인간의 윤리성을 바탕으로 하는 개체적 의지와 인류 발전적인 문명의 공존에 대한 모색으로 해석해볼 수 있을 것이다. 본고는 상기한 내용들을 바탕으로 루쉰의 초기 잡문에서 사회를 이루는 기성 문명의 장력 속에서 문명의 폭력적인 야만성을 제거한 새로운 문명의 장력을 찾고자 하는 인간의 개체적 의지와 그 가치를 살펴본다. 이를 위해서 루쉰의 초기 잡문 속 문명론을 아도르노(Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno), 호르크하이머(Max Horkheimer), 마르쿠제(Herbert Marcuse) 등의 비판이론가들의 문명에 대한 관점 및 그에 대응하는 인간의 태도 등을 비교 분석하여 고찰을 시도한다. N2 - This paper has several purposes. First, it examines the concepts of civilization in Lu Xun’s early essay. Luxun illustrated his perspective that the civilization is not only the process and result of human progress but also drives people into Self-subordination. Second, it seeks the way to find the new will of individual in Lu Xun’s early essay. I argue that Luxun believed that people have the ethical power to escape from subordination in society and the creative ability to make a harmonious society. Finally, it seeks to find the means that makes human and civilization coexist together. For the purposes of this paper, I challenge a comparison between Lu Xun’s perspective and Critical Theory that has been made and developed by Frankfurt School which includes Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Walter Benjamin, etc. I argue that they have similarities in the perspective on >negative thinking<. For them, >negative< is essential factor to find the new will of individual within civilization. They believed that >negative< attitude could lead people out of Self-subordination. Thus, I seek the way to find the new will of individual and coexistence between human and civilization through a comparison between Lu Xun’s perspective and Critical Theory. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shim, Soo_Myung T1 - 기독교 상담적 관점에서 성숙한 인격에 대한 고찰 [A Study of Maturity in Personality in a Christian Counseling Perspective] JF - 성경과신학 [Bible and Theology], Vol. 68 (2013), pp. 83-113. N2 - 상담자는 내담자의 역기능을 탐색하여 내담자의 내적 요인인 핵심 인격을 올바른 방향으로 변화시키려고 노력하는 자이다. 상담이 내담자의 인격 변 화를 목표로 한다면 상담자는 바람직하고 성숙한 인격이 무엇인지 알고 있 어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 그리스도인의 성숙한 인격은 어떤 특성이어야 하는 지 연구하기 위해 성경적 관점에서의 인격이해를 살펴보았다. 또한 일 반심리학적 관점에서는 정신분석이론, 사회심리학, 그리고 성장상담학적 관 점을 중심으로 살펴보았으며, 기독교 상담학적 관점으로는 몽고메리와 쉐릴, 그리고 심수명의 견해를 중심으로 성숙한 인격에 대하여 고찰하였다. 그리고 인간은 이 땅에서는 은혜입은 죄인이기에 온전한 인격성숙에 도달 할 수 없다는 전제를 바탕으로 성숙한 인격에 대하여 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 첫째, 성숙한 사람은 십자가의 은혜와 하나님을 의지함이 없이는 한 순간도 살아갈 수 없음을 아는 자이다. 둘째, 성숙한 사람은 아가페 사랑을 근거로 자신과 타인을 사랑하는 자이다. 셋째, 성숙한사람은영성을중심으로지, 정, 의등전인의통합을추구하는 자이다.넷째, 성숙한 사람은 영적인 성숙을 바탕으로 가면적, 내면적, 관계적 인격이 조화롭게 균형 잡힌 자이다. 다섯째, 성숙한 사람은 신적 자존감을 가지고 자신과 타인을 존중하는 자이다.여섯째, 성숙한 사람은 자신의 과거와 현재를 정리하고 미래에 어떤 삶을 살아야 할지 분명한 목표의식을 가지고 살아가는 자이다.일곱째, 성숙한 사람은 유연하고 개방적인 사고를 하며 현실 상황을 객관 적으로 파악할 수 있는 자이다.여덟째, 성숙한 사람은 성경에 근거한 하나님의 뜻을 실현하는 것을 최고 의 목표로 삼는 자이다. 위의 연구 결과는 성숙한 그리스도인을 세우기 위한 과정에 도움이 될 것이다. N2 - Counselors must make an effort to investigate the dysfunction of counselee’s and make their core personality healthy. If the purpose of counseling is the change of the personality of the counselee, the counselor must know what is right personality or what constitutes a mature personality. Therefore, this study researches mature personality attributes on the Biblical perspective and general psychological concept. The general psychological concept is on the basis of Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow and Erich Fromm’s theory. Biblical mature personality is on the ideas of Dan Montgomery, Lewis J. Sherrill, and Sim Soomyung to investigate personality traits of mature character of Christians. This study integrates the writer’s clinical and academic experience with mature personality to conclude the following: First, the mature person has a understanding without the grace of God, he can not live one moment. Second, they love others and self on the basis of the agape. Third, they are seeking the integration of whole person centered with spirituality and the knowledge, emotion, etc. Fourth, they have harmonies with persona, inner and outer character on the basis of spiritual maturity. Fifth, they respect self and others with the divine dignity from the God. Sixth, they can evaluate their past and present and have plans for their future with clear objectives. Seventh, they have a flexible and open mind allowing them to comprehend the reality around them. Eighth, their biggest goal is to follow God’s will on the Bible. This study will be useful to raise mature Christians. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shilina, N. E. T1 - Взаимодействие личности и общества: психоанализ конфликта [Interaction between the individual and society: psychoanalysis conflict] JF - Грані [Granì], Vol. 17, No. 2 (2014), pp. 22-28. [Print ISSN 2077-1800] [grani.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/421/432] N2 - Статья посвящена проблеме становления личности в современном информационном обществе, основными чертами которого являются его информатизация, создание новых интеллектуальных технологий, ускорение темпов развития техники, превращение информации в важнейший глобальный ресурс человечества. Автор анализирует психоаналитический подход к рассмотрению личности З. Фрейда, К.Г. Юнга и Э. Фромма. Затрагивается проблема целостности личности и пути ее достижения. Единое информационное пространство, также как и единое психическое пространство (коллективное бессознательное) ставят перед личностью две противоположные задачи: преодолеть разобщенность, созданную личными границами собственного >Я< и объединиться с обществом в поисках целостности, и сформировать свое личное пространство, выкроить в этой общности свою личную персональную зону комфорта, где личность сможет получить ощущение свободы и осознание своей уникальности, и, как ни удивительно, также целостности. Раскрыта проблема виртуальной реальности и ее влияния на формирование самосознания личности. Показаны позитивные и негативные аспекты влияния информационных технологий на самоидентификацию личности в современном пространстве. N2 - The article deals with the formation of personality in today’s information society, the main features of which are its computerization, new intelligent technologies, accelerating the pace of technological development, the transformation of information into a major global resource of mankind. The author analyzes the psychoanalytic approach to the consideration of personality Freud, C. G Jung and Erich Fromm. Address the issue of the integrity of the person and the way to achieve it. Common information space, as well as a single mental space (the collective unconscious) pose in front of a person two opposite goals: to overcome the fragmentation created personal boundaries own >I< and unite with a society in search of integrity, and create their own personal space, carve out in this community their personal personal comfort zone, where a person can get a sense of freedom and awareness of their uniqueness, and, surprisingly, also integrity. Disclosed the problem of virtual reality and its impact on the formation of self-consciousness. Showing the positive and negative aspects of the impact of information technology on the identity of the individual in modern space. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shcherbakov, I. V. T1 - Рациональность экономической деятельности человека с позиции новой институциональной экономической теории [The rationality of economic activity from the position of the new institutional economic theory] JF - Интеллект. Инновации. Инвестиции / Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, Vol. 2 (2019), pp. 84-88. [Print ISSN 2077-7175] [doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2019-2-84] N2 - В статье конструируется методологический подход, по которому ограниченная рациональность индивида в экономической деятельности рассматривается в зависимости от его психологических издержек. Рациональность представлена как способность человека к самоопределению экономической деятельности путем поиска им хозяйственных задач, оптимальной для него сложности. Данный подход позволяет оценить воздействие институтов на рациональность поведения индивида. В статье проводится экономическая интерпретация идей Э. Фромма о том, каким образом человек формирует систему ориентации, путем идентификации с действующими институтами или на основе познания хозяйственной системы. Обосновывается, что эффективные институты повышают уровень рациональности человека в экономике N2 - The paper is constructed as methodological approach, in which is bounded rationality of the individualin economic activity is considered depending on the psychological costs. Rationality is presented as a person’s ability to self-determination of economic activity by searching for them economic problems, the optimal complexity for him. This approach allows us to assess the impact of institutions on the rationality of individual behavior. In the article the economic interpretation of the ideas of Erich Fromm on how the person forms orientation system, by identifying with the existing institutions, or on the basis of knowledge of the economic system. It is proved that effective institutions raise the level of human rationality in the economy. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sholihah, Aminatus A1 - Woroharsih, Dyah T1 - Perilaku Sadisme Tokoh dalam Kumpulan Dongeng Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel< [Das Sadismusverhalten der Figuren in der Märchensammlung der Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] [Sadistic Behavior of Characters in Brüder Grimm's Fairy Tale Collection >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] JF - Identitaet, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018), 9 pp. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/identitaet/article/view/25158] N2 - Dongeng pada umumnya memberikan nilai-nilai moral baik dan buruk. Hal itu dicerminkan oleh perilaku tokoh. Dalam dongeng ada perilaku tokoh yang positif dan juga yang negatif. Salah satunya adalah perilaku kejam atau sadisme yang dilakukan antar tokoh.Dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm adalah contohnya. Di sini terdapat tokoh yang memiliki perilaku positif juga perilaku negatif berupa perilaku sadisme. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) Perilaku sadisme berjenis apakah yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel? (2) Apakah penyebab adanya perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel. (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel dalam kumpulan dongeng Kinder -und Hausmärchen karya Brüder Grimm. Data penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm untuk menemukan rumusan masalah satu serta untuk menemukan rumusan masalah dua menggunakan teori agresi Sears. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dengan bentuk perilaku membunuh. Dan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Aschenputtel merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dan sadisme mental dengan bentuk perilaku menyiksa dan menghina. Serta dalam kedua dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual. (2) penyebab tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah adanya rasa kompetisi dan adanya serangan dari orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng Aschenputtel adalah karena rasa permusuhan dan ingin mencapai tujuan lain. N2 - Im allgemeinen gibt Märchen uns guten und schlechten moralischen Wert. Es wird durch das Verhalten Figur der Figuren reflektiert. Im Märchen gibt es nicht nur ein positives Figurverhalten, aber auch negatives Figurverhalten. Ein Beispiel ist grausames Verhalten oder Sadismus zwischen den Figuren. Im Märchen von Brüder Grimm, Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel sind da. Hier gibt es Figuren mit positivem Verhalten und negativem. Die Probleme dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Welche Art von dem Sadimusverhalten von Figuren in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel? (2) Was sind die Ursache des Sadismusverhaltens in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm?. Die Ziele dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Das Sadismusverhalten von Figuren im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel zu erklären (2) Die Ursache des Sadimusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zu erklären. Die Untersuchung ist eine qualitative Studie. Die Datenquellen sind Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel aus der Märchensammlung von Brüder Grimm. Die Daten sind die Sätze, die das Verhalten des Sadismus im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zeigen. Diese Untersuchung benutzt die Sadismustheorie von Erich Fromm um das erste Problem zu beweisen. Und die Aggressionstheorie von Sears und Myers wird hier benutzt um das zweite Problem zu beweisen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung werden gezeigt: (1) Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen ist physikalischer Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens ist Töten. Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind physikalischer Sadismus und geistiger Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens sind Folter und Demütigung. Sowie in beiden Märchen werden sich kein sexueller Sadismus gefunden. (2) Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen sind Gefühl des Wettbewerbs und Angriffe von anderen. Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind Feindseligkeit und Erreichung der Andere Ziele. N2 - Fairy tales generally provide good and bad moral values. It is reflected by the character's behavior. In the fairy tale there are positive character behaviors as well as negative ones. One of them is cruel behavior or sadism committed between characters. Brüder Grimm's Brüder Grimm's tale of >Schneewittchen< and >Aschenputtel< is an example. Here there are characters who have positive behavior as well as negative behavior of sadism behavior. The research problems are (1) what kind of sadistic behaviorof the characters in a fairy tale Schneewittchen sadism and Aschenputtel? (2) what is the cause of the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm? This study aims to (1) describe the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel. (2) describes the causes of sadistic behavior perpetrated by figures in the Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel tales by Brüder Grimm. This type of research is qualitative research. The source of research data is the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel in the collection of Kinder -und Hausmärchen's story by Brüder Grimm. This research data is a sentence that shows the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm. This study uses Erich Fromm's sadism theory to find the first problem and to find the second problem using the aggressive theory of Sears and Myers. The results show that (1) the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by killing. And the behavior of sadism in Aschenputtel's fairy tale is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by torturing and mental sadism by insulting. And in both the tales are not found type of sexual sadism. (2) the cause of the character in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen conduct sadistic behavior is the sense of competition and the presence of attacks from others while in Aschenputtel fairy tale is because of a sense of hostility and want to achieve other goals. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shen, Jiali T1 - Research on Fromm’s Critical Theory of Character Structure N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm is a Western Marxist and a major representative of the >Freudian Marxism< school. His thoughts are very rich, among which the critical theory of character structure is of great significance and is an important component of Fromm’s ideological system. This theory is an original theory formed by Fromm on the basis of combining Marx’s thought and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, and on this basis, he deeply criticized Western capitalist society. The content of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure is mainly reflected in the trilogy of character structure theory, namely, >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself<, and >The Sane Society<. Through these three books, we can see the clear thread of the construction and development of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure: from the analysis of the causes of specific social phenomena-the rise and popularity of fascism-to the theoretical framework, and finally highlight the future direction of this theory. >Escape from Freedom< is mainly a probe into the origin of the significant event of the emergence and popularity of fascism in the 1930s, revealing the universal state of modern people’s escape from freedom and the formation of psychological mechanisms for escape from freedom. Starting from the discussion of human nature issues, >Man for Himself< proposed a division and in-depth interpretation of human social personality, and initially completed the configuration of the critical theory of personality structure. >The Sane Society< is the development and extension of the themes in >Escape from Freedom< and >Man for Himself<, highlighting the ideal future pointed to by the critical theory of character structure.– The introduction first introduces the theoretical value and practical significance of the research, then combs the research status of domestic and foreign scholars on Fromm’s critical theory of character structure, summarizes the main viewpoints of the academic community on its theory and the existing problems. Finally, the research methods, research objectives, and innovations of this article are proposed. The first chapter mainly analyzes the origin of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. The changes brought about by the two world wars and the industrial revolution are the realistic background for the emergence of this theory. Marx’s thought and Freud’s theory are the theoretical source and foundation of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. Fromm, based on Marxist positions and methods, placed human beings in the relationship between human beings and the world and analyzed human behavior from the perspective of economic and social structures. However, he believed that Marx ignored the importance of irrational factors and did not realize the laws of human nature itself. So Fromm borrowed Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and devoted himself to theoretical elaboration of modern people’s social personality from the perspective of social psychology.– The second chapter mainly analyzes the foundation of the critical theory of character structure: the escape freedom theory. In the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm reveals the formation process of the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom based on the situation of people escaping freedom in modern society, and forms a systematic theory of escaping freedom. This article mainly expounds the process and reasons for people’s transition from pursuing freedom to escaping freedom, and sorts out three manifestations of the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom: authoritarianism, destructive desire, and mechanical convergence. Fromm seeks to find a positive way out of love and labor for people, enabling them to maintain individual independence, achieve positive freedom, and establish close ties with others. The third chapter mainly explains the construction of the critical theory of personality structure. >Man for Himself< is a sequel to escaping freedom. Fromm further reveals the alienation of modern personality structure in his book. The discussion of human nature is the foundation and prerequisite for the concept of social character. Fromm revealed three main contradictions faced by human beings by analyzing their survival dilemmas, which led to various needs. It is precisely because people have adopted different ways and means in the process of striving to meet these needs that they have formed different social personalities. This part systematically explores the connotation of social character, the expression of alienation of human social character, and the division of social character-productive and non-productive social character. It focuses on explaining four types of pathological non-productive social character, and initially proposes an ideal personality under sound social conditions, namely, productive social character.– The fourth chapter mainly discusses the future dimensions of the critical theory of personality structure. >The Sane Society< is the ideological extension of >Escape from Freedom< and >Man for Himself<. Since the existing society is morbid and cannot support the shaping of an ideal productive social character, it should move towards the construction of a sound society. Fromm proposed three solutions to the problems of capitalist society: totalitarianism, super capitalism, and socialism beyond both. He analyzed the reasons why the three solutions could not be implemented, and then advocated the establishment of >Humanistic socialism<. He proposed standards and theoretical ideas for a sound society, and discussed specific reform plans for moving towards a sound society. The fifth chapter evaluates the value and limitations of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. This theory enriches Marx’s alienation theory, expands the content of Marxist social character and Freud’s character theory, and has unique theoretical contributions. At the same time, it also deepened the criticism of contemporary capitalist society. Of course, it also has the limitations of breaking away from historical materialism and not touching the fundamental contradictions of capitalist society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sheldrake, Peter A1 - Hurley, James T1 - The Good Manager in a World of Change JF - Journal of Human Values, Vol 6, No. 2 (2000), pp. 131-144. [Online ISSN 0973-0737] [doi.org/10.1177/097168580000600204] N2 - Our intention in this brief article is to explore the idea of what it means to be a >good< manager. We discuss some of the dilemmas faced by managers seeking to define their role performance in terms additional to those of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. To do this, we describe critical aspects of the contemporary context. We propose that the changes we are experiencing give organizations a central role in how people define their personal and social well-being. Our contention is that in this central role organizations will be faced with situations requiring solutions of fundamental value conflicts. This means that the nature of the question as to what it means to be a >good< manager will become both increasingly important and increasingly complex. Further, the exploration of the issue can no longer be limited to operational efficiency, but must include the manager's capacity to conceptualise both his own role and that of the organization within the broader socio-environmental context. We contribute to the dialogue by proposing that being >good< will involve on the part of the manager an awareness of the values involved in a decision and an alignment of action with what Erich Fromm has called >life-giving< values. This approach in no way diminishes the requirement that a manager be competent in the fullest sense of the word; it requires, however, a deeper understanding of competence and of the commitment a manager will need to act justly, fairly and with care. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Catherine B. T1 - The Work of Benign Aggression and Negativity Within a Frommian Framework. My Clinical Journey JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 053-082. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - 23 Y1 - 2023 VL - e27/2023c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simel, Sanja T1 - Education for a Positive Self-image in a Contemporary School JF - Journal of Education Culture and Society, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2013), pp. 108-115. [Online ISSN 2575-3363] [jecs.pl/index.php/jecs/issue/view/25] N2 - In today’s world characterized by changed systems of values and materialism, pedagogy should emphasize education for a positive self-image, especially in the contemporary school, whose educational goals are freedom, independence and individuality. This theoretical analysis provides a review of research on the importance and relationship of positive self-image with other factors, such as social skills and academic achievement. Simultaneously, the methods and procedures by which teachers can foster a student’s positive self-image are displayed. Although the degree of positive self-thinking is for the most part formed in interaction with other people, it is extremely important to raise students’ awareness about their own internal strengths as well as their possibility of choice. The education of a positive self-image can be considered a part of >positive pedagogy< or >positive education< which focuses on traditional skills and happiness, but also joy – fervor that accompanies being (Fromm, 2004, p. 130) Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon-Wagenbach, Helga T1 - Meditation: Bewusst-Werden, Bewusst-Sein. Der individuell gestaltete Erfahrungsprozess ganzheitlicher Transformation und seine nachhaltig wirksame Resonanz JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 036-041. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 26 Y1 - 2023 VL - d27/2023c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Julius T1 - German-Jewish Philosophers Facing the Shoah JF - Roth, J. K., Maxwell, E., Levy, M., Whitworth, W. (Eds.): Remembering for the Future, London (Palgrave Macmillan) 2001, pp. 1088–1105. [Online ISBN 978-1-349-66019-3] [doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_73] N2 - As we face the past in considering the events of the 20th century, we tend to continue to describe armed conflicts as theatres of war, our backs to the future. Such descriptions presuppose that we are capable of speaking about how the actions are staged and performed and that the experience of such events is not only presentable but also capable of representation. As we look back through the debris, we also notice another tendency, i.e., that genocides frequently have been associated with actions of modern war and rationalized and justified as necessary extensions of violent struggles for survival. This has been no less the case in, most recently, the Balkans, than during the 1970s in Rwanda or Cambodia and from 1939–45 in Nazi Germany.– Speaking of genocide as a kind of >theatre<, however, seems even more absurd than referring to the performative acts of war in terms of protagonistic and antagonistic actors, directors, spectators, and impartial critics of the whole process. But what other choice do we have than to deal with the terms of absurdity? Are we not constrained in our engagements with others to act in one way or another through exercising simulation or dissimulation, revealing or concealing our intentions or desires behind the masks which we daily don? Are we not forced to admit and confront what are considered human aberrations from our stipulations of normal human behaviour? Are we not also then constrained to engage again and again in the difficult tasks of expression and interpretation of signs and gestures? Given that constraint, in the intermingling of our roles as actor, spectator and critic, then, we present and perceive public faces which are marked and masked with lines and traces of our ethical relations. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simmonds, Janette Graetz T1 - The oceanic feeling and a sea change: Historical challenges to reductionist attitudes to religion and spirit from within psychoanalysis JF - Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1 (2006), pp. 128-142. [Online ISSN 1939-133] [doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.23.1.128] N2 - Three waves of challenges may be perceived from within psychoanalysis to its reductionist attitude to religion and spirit. These historical challenges from within psychoanalysis are an important context for reading the many papers now being published on spirituality and psychotherapy, and increasingly, spirituality and psychoanalysis. The 1st wave began with some of Freud's contemporaries, among them his friend, the psychoanalyst and pastor Oscar Pfister; the Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, and the poet T. S. Eliot. Challenges continued after Freud's death: In Britain from psychoanalysts such as Rickman and Guntrip, and in America initially by the European immigrants, Erikson and Fromm. British independent psychoanalysts initiated what may be considered to be the 3rd wave, whose momentum is now swelling to a sea change. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Siniugina, Larysa T1 - Agresja czy miłość. Prezentacja poglądow Ericha Fromma [Aggression or Love. Erich Fromm's Views], Warsaw (KAW – National Publishing Agency) Poland, 125 pp. Y1 - 1981 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. T1 - Female Psychosexuality JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 23 (1995), pp. 019-032. Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. T1 - Jewish Food Rituals JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 23 (1995), pp. 007-017. Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Jihyun T1 - [E. 프롬의 『자유로부터의 도피』고찰] A Study on E. Fromm's Escape from Freedom JF - 범한철학 [Pan-Korean Philosophy], Vol. 38, No. 3 (2005), pp 209-237 N2 - 우리는 외부 권력으로부터의 자유, 즉 소극적 자유의 신장에 매혹되어, 자유와 그것의 전통적인 적들에게 대항해 얻은 승리의 의미를 훼손할 수 있는 내적인 억압, 강제, 두려움이 있다는 사실을 알지 못하고 있다. 그 결과 우리는 자유의 문제란 오로지 근대사의 과정에서 얻은 소극적 자유를 훨씬 더 많이 얻는 문제라고 생각하기 쉽다. 그리고 그런 자유를 부정하는 힘들에 대항해서 자유를 지키는 것이 필요한 전부라고 믿는 경향이 있다. 우리는 이제까지 쟁취한 자유 모두가 최대의 힘으로 지켜져야 하지만, 자유의 문제는 양적인 문제일 뿐만 아니라 질적인 문제이기도 하다는 것을 잊고 있다. 그리고 우리는 전통적인 자유를 지키고 늘려가야 할 뿐만 아니라 새로운 종류의 자유, 즉 우리 자신의 개인적인 자아를 실현하고 이 자아와 삶을 믿을 수 있게 해주는 자유도 획득해야만 한다는 것을 잊고 있다. 따라서 나는 소극적 자유의 실현뿐만 아니라 적극적 자유(개인적 자아실현)의 실현을 위해, 프롬(Fromm, E.)이 분석한 자유로부터의 도피심리와 사회현상을 살펴보고, 프롬이 말한 >적극적 자유<의 의미는 무엇이며, 또한 적극적 자유의 개념은 문제점이 없는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 벌린(I. Berlin)의 >자유의 두 개념<에 대해서도 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 현대인들이 왜 그렇게 신흥종교에 매료(자유로부터의 도피 수단)되는지를 분석한 앨빈 토플러(Albin Toffler)의 생각도 살펴보고자 한다. 나는 이러한 일련의 작업이 보다 나은 자유 민주주의 시민을 형성하는데 많은 도움을 주리라 생각한다. N2 - We are fascinated by the growth of freedom from powers outside ourselves and are blinded to the fact of inner restraints, compulsions, and fears, which tend to underline the meaning of the victories freedom has won against its traditional enemies. We therefore are prone to think that the problem of freedom is exclusively that of gaining still more freedom of kind we have gained in the course of modern history, and to believe that the defense of freedom against such powers that deny such freedom is all that is necessary. We forget that, although each of the liberties which have been won must be defended with utmost vigor, the problem of freedom is not only a quantitative one, but a qualitative one; that we not only have to preserve and increase the traditional freedom, but that we have to gain a new kind of freedom, one which enables us to realize our own individual self, to have faith in this self and in life. Therefore I want to research the mental tendency of the escape from freedom and social phenomenon analyzed by Erich Fromm and see if there are some problems of the meaning of positive freedom in order to realize not only negative freedom but also positive freedom (self-actualization). For this purpose I want to look into Berlin's thought of >the two conceptions of freedom<. In addition, I'd like to take into consideration Alvin Toffler's thoughts which analyzed the reason why modern citizens are interested in the newly-risen religion. I believe that these researches would be helpful to the formation of much better citizens of free democracy. Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smolik, Josef T1 - The Influence of the Concept of Authoritarian Personality Today JF - Středoevropské politické studie Ročník / Central European Political Studies Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2008), pp.34-48. [Online ISSN 1212-7817] [journals.muni.cz/cepsr/article/view/4408/3448] N2 - This article will briefly introduce the concept of authoritarian personality as its team of authors T. W. Adorno, E. Frenkel-Brunswik, D. J. Levinson and R. N. Sanford, presented it, describe the contemporary influence of the concept and focus on possible implications for the study of non-democratic regimes. The reader will also learn about findings of political psychology and reflections about the concept of authoritarianism, including the approaches of S. Freud, E. Fromm, A. Maslow and others. The following text is based on the theoretical conclusions of political psychology, which by applying its scholarly perspective can uncover some contexts of the study of non-democratic regimes. Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solano, Paola A1 - Vargiu, Michele A1 - Zaitseva, Ksenia T1 - Voices from the war: Some notes on the emotional experience of the war in Ukraine told by two Ukrainian psychoanalysts (https://doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2023.2171117) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (No. 2, 2023), pp. 070-075. N2 - What is the real experience of war? How does our mind react to the sudden threats and losses of our lives, homes, and beloved objects? What understandings can it offer to make sense of the atrocities it witnesses? What adjustments can we carry out in these circumstances? Two colleagues from Kharkiv, Ukraine, and affiliated to the Ukrainian Psychoanalytic Study Group and the Institute of the Ukrainian Psychoanalytic Study Group help us to shed light on these questions by sharing their personal experience and understandings of the current war that started on February 24, 2022 when the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine. This contribution aims to report their voices and the emotional experience of encountering their stories in order to provide readers with an unsaturated and unmediated contact with at least some aspects of the reality of war. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Maoan A1 - Yuan, Hua T1 - A New Theory of Ideology: New Findings from Theoretical Exploration based on the Party's 100 Years of Theoretical and Practical Achievements [意识形态新理论:基于党百年理论和实践成就的理论探索新发现] JF - New West [新西部], No. 10 (2021), pp. 62-65, 75. N2 - 意识形态新理论的发现和自觉运用,能够使人们对于坚持党的根本宗旨、加强党的建设的认识,由政治自觉上升到理论自觉,有利于更好地维护我国发展权,提高国际话语权,并在坚持中国道路同西方国家的意识形态对抗中取得比较优势,掌握斗争主动权。>意识形态<这一概念从被法国哲学家特拉西(即托拉西)首次提出到现在,已有二百多年的历史。[1]期间,包括马克思、齐泽克、汤普森、弗洛姆以及中国从事政治理论研究的专家、学者及哲学家们 N2 - The discovery and conscious application of new theories of ideology can raise people's awareness of adhering to the fundamental purposes of the Party and strengthening its construction from political to theoretical consciousness, which is conducive to better safeguarding China's right to development, increasing the right to international discourse, and gaining a comparative advantage in the ideological confrontation with Western countries by adhering to the Chinese way and grasping the initiative in the struggle. The concept of >ideology< has a history of more than two hundred years since it was first introduced by the French philosopher Tracy (or Torassi). [1] During this time, experts, scholars and philosophers, including Marx, Zizek, Thompson and Fromm, as well as Chinese experts and philosophers working on political theory. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Ybing A1 - Gu, Xuefeng T1 - A Study on the Value of Fromm's >The Art of Loving< in Promoting the All-round Development of College Students in the New Era [弗洛姆《爱的艺术》对促进新时代大学生全面发展的价值研究] JF - PR World [公关世界], No. 4 (2022), pp. 142-143. N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中明确指出>爱<是关乎人类生存问题的重要要素。他分析了现代人对于爱的误区,对人类克服分离意识的方式进行了论述和分析,并给出了实现爱的艺术实践的要求。他认为掌握真正爱的方法才能使人脱离异化状态。立德树人,培养德、智、体、美、劳全面发展的新时代大学生是我国高校的根本任务。弗洛姆关于爱的理论强调每个个体对于其他个体的爱,对于培养新时代大学生形成健全的人格和心理具有重要参考价值。 N2 - In >The Art of Loving<, Fromm clearly points out that love is an important element in the problem of human existence. He analyzes the modern misconceptions about love, discusses and analyzes the ways in which human beings can overcome the sense of separation, and gives the requirements for the practice of the art of love. He believes that the mastery of true love is the only way to free people from alienation. It is the fundamental task of our universities to cultivate students of the new era with all-round development of morality, intellect, physique, beauty and labor. Fromm's theory of love emphasizes the love of each individual for other individuals, which is an important reference value for the formation of a sound personality and psychology of the new-age college students. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Song, Xufang T1 - A Study of Alienation in V. S. Naipaul’s >A House for Mr. Biswas<, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - V. S. Naipaul is widely recognized as one of the most outstanding novelists in the history of English literature. With the multicultural background and unique writing angles, he was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. As a representative work in his early time, >A House for Mr. Biswas< provides us with firsthand materials to understand the living dilemmas of the immigrants. In the novel, the cultural estrangement and identity displacement faced by the exiled people are vividly presented through a comical description of the protagonist, Mohun Biswas’s persistent striving for his own >house< under the duel impact of the intrusion of the suzerain culture and the bondage of the tradition. This thesis intends to explore the alienated image of Mr. Biswas and probe into the intrinsic reasons in light of Erich Fromm’s psychological alienation theory. Besides, Naipaul’s affirmative attitude to the question that whether people from the third world can establish their home and realize their identity in suzerains is discussed and revealed in the thesis. The thesis holds that Naipaul, through a detailed depiction of Mohun Biswas’s pursuit of the >house< in his life, endows his rather modest achievement with a heroic dimension, transforming himself into a self-made hero who conquers difficulties and achieves success >through failures<. Compared with escape, an excitement hidden in the engulfing and repulsive world is eventually grasped by Mr. Biswas. He confirms such possibility through his perseverance and struggles. The ending also reflects Naipaul’s own dream of a utopian society that can accommodate self-realization pursued by the immigrants. [English: www.cnki.net, 6/2022] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söderlund, Jana T1 - The Emergence of a New Social Movement: Biophilic Design JF - The Emergence of Biophilic Design. Cities and Nature, Cham (Springer) 2019, pp. 1-11. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-29813-5] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29813-5_1] N2 - Biophilic design, based on humans’ innate connection to nature, evolved into a social movement over many decades. It emerged from Erich Fromm’s early use of the term biophilia to Edward Wilson’s book on Biophilia, the subsequent Biophilia Hypothesis book by Wilson and Stephen Kellert, to the multi-authored Biophilic Design publication in 2008. This progression involved meetings and discussions between people with a shared understanding of the human biological connection to nature and the need to bring nature back into urbanites daily lives. Their vision and passion led to the emergence of the social movement of biophilic design. The moral vision of bringing nature into city design reflects a shared understanding and collective goal beyond self-interest. There was a communal sense of the associated issues with cities which lack nature, such as disconnection from nature, urban heat island effect and water and air pollution, kindling a desire to initiate change. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Jai-ryong T1 - 정신분석학적 종교이해의 가능성과 한계: 에리히 프롬을 중심으로 [The Possibilities and Limitations of Psychoanalytic Understanding of Religion: Focusing on Erich Fromm] JF - 사회이론 [Korean Journal of Social Theory], Vol. 20 (2002). Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - GEN ED - Stelcer, Boguslaw ED - et. al., T1 - Zdrowy człowiek i społeczeństwo w wizjach Alberta Schweitzera i Ericha Fromma [A Healthy Man and Society in the Visions of Albert Schweitzer and Erich Fromm], Poznań (Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań) Poland 2012, 274 pp. N2 - Monografia zostaje oddana do rąk czy telnika w szczególnym momencie albowiem na marzec 2012 roku przypadły 90 urodziny wielkiego mentora polskich schweitzerowców prof. Henryka Gaertnera, zaś 2013 rok to czas obchodów setnej rocznicy istnienia szpitala symbolu L’Hôpital du Docteur Albert Schweitzer w gabońskim Lambaréné. Prof. Henryk Gaertner, wieloletni pracownik klinik Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie, członek wielu Towarzystw Naukowych polskich i zagranicznych, działacz społeczny i kulturowy jest jednocześnie jedynym Polakiem, któr y dostąpił zaszczytu zasadania w prezydium Association Internationale Schweitzer Lambaréné (AISL). Niesposób zamknąć w kilku zdaniach obszarów zainteresowań i działalności Profesora Henryka Gaertnera, aktywnego w sferach medycznej, psychosomatycznej, liter ackiej, historyczno medycznej, etyczno filozoficznej, kulturalnej, oświatowej czy społecznej. Z tym większym respektem książkę tę redaktorzy dedykują swemu ukochanemu Profesorowi z prośbą o życzliwe jej przyjęcie jako kolejnego głosu upominającego się o to, ażeby w życiu społecznymi, jak i na gruncie opieki medycznej były obecne wartości głęboko humanistyczne. N2 - The monograph is handed over to the reader in a special way because March 2012 was the 90th birthday the great mentor of Polish Schweitzers Prof. Henryk Gaertner, and 2013 is the time to celebrate the 100th anniversary of its existence L'Hôpital du Docteur Albert Schweitzer symbol hospital in Gabon Lambaréné. Prof. Henryk Gaertner, a long-term employee of the clinics of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, a member of many Societies Polish and foreign scientists, social and cultural activist at the same time, he is the only Pole who was honored to sit on the presidium of the I Association Internationale Schweitzer Lambaréné (AISL ). It is impossible to close in a few sentences the areas of interest and activities of Professor Henryk Gaertner, active in the spheres medical, psychosomatic, literary, medical historical, ethical, philosophical, cultural, educational or social. With this it is with greater respect that the editors dedicate this book to their own beloved Professor with a request to kindly accept her as another voice demanding that values deeply present in social life as well as in medical care humanistic. [Google translator, 12/2022] Y1 - 2012 ER -