TY - JOUR A1 - Ognjenovic, Svetlana R. T1 - A >Mouse-trap< for Indonesian Killers: Oppenheimer's >The Act of Killing< [>Mišolovka< za ubojice iz Indonezije: Oppenheimerov >čin ubijanja<] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Радови Филозофског факултета (часопис за хуманистич ке и друштвене науке) – Papers of the Faculty of Philosophy (Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences), No. 21 (2020), pp. 65-79. [Online ISSN 2232-8343] [doi.org/10.7251/FIN1921065O] N2 - This paper was inspired by the documentary >The Act of Killing<, directed by an American-born, British filmmaker Joshua Oppenheimer and released in 2012. Provoked and appalled by what is described as one of the worst mass murders in the 20th century, the movie director focuses not so much on the crime itself but the perpetrators of the crimes and the ensuing consequences. A part from the need to bring to open and discuss this part of Indonesian history, as well as the consequences of the communist and subsequent anti-communist political rules, this paper deals, on the one hand, with the question and the essence of human nature capable of such monstrosity and on the other, with the role that art must take in understanding and healing of the open wounds in any nation’s history as well as individual perpetrators of the crimes. For this purpose, the ideological framework of Erich Fromm as given in his study >Anatomy of Human Destructiveness< and also philosophical ideas of Hanna Arendt, specifically concerning the nature of evil itself were used as theoretical framework. N2 - Rad je inspirisan dokumentarnim filmom iz 2012. godine pod nazivom Čin ubijanja >The Act of Killing< koji je režirao britanski autor američkog porijekla Džošua Openhajmer (Joshua Oppenheimer). U filmu se Openhajmer ne bavi toliko obimom i kontekstom niza ubistava počinjenih u periodu 1965-1966. godine u Indoneziji za vrijeme Suhartove strahovlade, koliko samom prirodom ovih zločina i njihovih počinitelja, kao i posljedicama ovih ubistava. Prema tome, cilj ovog rada jeste otvaranje jednog kontroverznog poglavlja indonezijske istorije, ne da bi se prodiskutovalo o samim istorijskim događajima ili njihovoj hronologiji, pa čak ni posljedicama komunističke, odnosno antikomunističke političke vladavine, već da bismo postavili pitanje o suštini ljudske prirode koja je u stanju da počini zvjerstva poput ovih iz spomenutog perioda, a koji se smatraju jednim od najgorih masovnih ubistava u 20. vijeku. Isto tako, od posebnog je značaja podsjetiti na davnašnju ulogu umjetnosti kao >ogledala stvarnosti<, koje, kao takvo, ima snagu da izazove emocije i samospoznaju i kod najokorjelijih zločinaca kao što su ovi iz Openhajmerovog dokumentarnog filma – tek tada, jedna je od njegovih teza, moguće je otvoriti put pomirenju između krvnika i njegove žrtve i postepeno zacijeliti ranečitavog jednog naroda. U tu svrhu poslužićemo se ideološkim okvirom koji je Erih From ponudio u svojoj studiji >Anatomija ljudske destruktivnosti<, kao i filozofskim idejama Hane Arent, koje se uglavnom tiču njenog viđenja prirode samog zla. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olubiński, Andrezej T1 - Aktywność własna wychowanka jako cel i efekt procesu edukacji: w świetle poglądow Ericha Fromma [Pupil's Self-activity as the Goal and Effect of the Education Process: in the Light of Erich Fromm's Views] JF - Edukacja, No. 4 (2007), pp. 20-32. [ISSN: 0239-6858] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omine, Mitsuharu T1 - Problems Related to Student Acceptance of Corporal Punishment during Extracurricular Sports Activities: With Reference to Erich Fromm's Authority Theory JF - International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol.18 (2020), pp. 154-160. [Online ISSN 1880-4012] [doi.org/10.5432/ijshs.202013] N2 - The purpose of this study was to analyze problems related to the mechanism whereby students can accept corporal punishment during extracurricular sports activities with reference to the books Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself that were central to Erich Frommʼs authority theory. Specifically, the author focused on the concepts of >authoritarian character<, >authoritarian ethics< and >authoritarian conscience< Fromm pointed out that anxiety prompted Germanyʼs citizens to give up their freedom in order to obey authoritarian powers such as Hitler and the Nazis. Students taking part in extracurricular sports activities were considered from the viewpoint of Frommʼs authority theory. It was revealed that students comply with a leaderʼs authority in order to relieve anxiety, and have positive thoughts about corporal punishment. Furthermore, it was found that such acceptance of corporal punishment succeeded in eliminating conspicuous suffering, but not in removing any underlying conflicts. Fromm pointed that fear of anxiety was relieved by spontaneous activity. To achieve spontaneous activity by students, it was suggested that some form of measure that does not create the type of partnership that occurred between Germanyʼs citizens and Hitler would be desirable for any relationship between the leader of extracurricular sports activities and the students. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oka, Yoshitatsu T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Fear of Freedom (Japanese) JF - 日本政治學會年報政治學 [The Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association], Vol. 2 (1951), pp. 107-119. [doi.org/10.11521/nenpouseijigaku1950.2.107] Y1 - 1951 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omelchenko, Nikolay T1 - Al-Ghazali on the Essence of Love JF - Reflections. Journal of Philosophical Anthropology, No. 1 (2012), pp. 9-18. [philpapers.org/archive/OMEAOT-2.pdf] N2 - In his paper, the author considers >the humans’ love of themselves, of their perfection and self-preservation.< He shares Al-Ghazali’s postulate >humans love the eternity of their being< and highlights the presence of this idea in the doctrine of Christianity, in the conceptions of Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872) and Erich Fromm (1900–1980). Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oetker-Funk, Renate T1 - Einführung in den Studientag >Selbstbestimmung am Ende des Lebens< JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 010-014. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 23 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024a ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oddner, Frans T1 - The character of sport and the sport of character JF - Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2010), pp. 171-185. [Online ISSN 1743-0445] [doi.org/10.1080/17430430903522905) N2 - The idea of sport's character-forming qualities is a globally spread notion, which has begun to be questioned in recent years. In problematizing this notion, the relation of sport to its practitioners has been the primary study. The way the problems reflect the relation of sport to society has been less in focus. This essay sets such a focus with the help of character concepts in social psychology (Riesman, Fromm and Sennett), developing a reconstruction of such concepts of sport in a Swedish context. From being a sphere by the side of society, sport in Sweden from the twentieth century onwards has been increasingly linked in complex ways to the various spheres and actors of society. This understanding of how characters are fostered into and within sport sheds light on the conditions for character formation at different stages of history until the present time. The problems receive further relevance when considering how New Economy culture and its conditions for character formation may affect Swedish sport in the near future. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam T1 - >Freedom From< and >Freedom To< Across Countries JF - Social Indicators Research, Vol. 118, No. 3 (Sept. 2014), pp. 1009-1029. N2 - It has been over 70 years since Erich Fromm wrote >Escape from Freedom<. He defined two type of freedom: FREEDOM FROM (negative) and FREEDOM TO (positive). Fromm's masterpiece, however, does not measure the two types of freedom, and this is not surprising – there were no freedom data at the time. Now, there are plenty of data, and Fromm's concepts of freedom can be operationalized across countries. The two types of freedom, positive and negative, correlate at below 0.5, and such low correlation is surprising – I discuss outliers and point out that freedom is an end in itself, as recognized, for instance, by Amartya Sen. Furthermore, while we acknowledge the importance of FREEDOM FROM, we forget that FREEDOM FROM is not fully realized without FREEDOM TO: it's great to be free; but it's even better to feel free as well. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pacheco Richter, Ernesto T1 - Influências da psicanálise na constituição da Psicologia Política: Reich, Fromm e Adorno [Influences of psychoanalysis on the constitution of Political Psychology: Reich, Fromm and Adorno], Doctoral dissertation, Social Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paul, Brazil 2017, 161 pp., Portuguese. N2 - Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as influências da teoria psicanalítica no processo de constituição da Psicologia Política, como campo de pesquisa. Inicialmente, enfocamos os pensadores franceses Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde e Gustave Le Bon, cujas contribuições acerca das revoluções francesas sãorelevantes ao campo. Em contrapartida, apresentamos os autores anglófonos Graham Wallas e Harold Lasswell, pois suas reflexões aportam distintas perspectivas aos eventos políticos, porém, não menos significativas para a posterior institucionalização da Psicologia Política. Em seguida, os principais textos sociais de Freud, bem como os metapsicológicos, são abordados com o objetivo de analisar os elementos políticos subjacentes na teoria psicanalítica. Finalmente, apresentamos três autores, que no nosso entendimento, são essenciais à história do campo: ilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Theodor Adorno, cujo interesse principal era o estudo do autoritarismo. Por meio de uma análise crítica e reflexiva, buscamos mostrar as contribuições da psicanálise e como ela foi apropriada por esses autores. Esta pesquisa justifica-se por preencher uma lacuna na história da Psicologia Política e mostrar a relevância da psicanálise para o pensamento político, especialmente, durante e logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Além disso, é indubitável a atualidade desses autores, haja vista a crescente adesão ao discurso autoritário que se observa em pleno século XXI. N2 - This work aims to analyze the influences of psychoanalytic theory in the process of constitution of Political Psychology, as research field. Initially, we focus on French authors, such as, Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon, whose contributions regarding French revolutions are relevant to the field. On the other hand, we present the Anglophone authors Graham Wallas and Harold Lasswell, as their thoughts bring different perspectives to political events, but no less significant for the later institutionalization of Political Psychology. Afterwards, we analyze Freud’s social texts, as well as the meta-psychological ones, in order to elucidate the political elements underlying psychoanalytic theory. Finally, we present three authors we consider essential to the history of the field: Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Theodor Adorno, whose main interest was the study of authoritarianism. Through a critical and reflexive analysis, we show the contributions of psychoanalysis and how it was appropriated by these authors. This research is justified by filling a gap in the history of Political Psychology, and showing the relevance that psychoanalysis has had for political thought, especially during and shortly after World War II. Furthermore, the contributions of these authors are undoubtedly present, given the growing adherence to the authoritarian discourse observed in the 21st century. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omine, Mitsuhanu T1 - 運動部活動における生徒の体罰受容の問題性:エーリッヒ・フロムの権威論を手掛かりとして [Problems Related to Student Acceptance of Corporal Punishment During Extracurricular Sports Activities: With Reference to Erich Fromm's Authority Theory] JF - 体育学研究 [Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences], Volume 61, No. 2 (2016), pp. 629-637. [doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.15109] N2 - The purpose of this study was to analyze problems related to the mechanism whereby students can accept corporal punishment during extracurricular sports activities with reference to the books Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself that were central to Erich Fromm's authority theory. Specifically, the author focused on the concepts of >authoritarian character,< >authoritarian ethics,< and >authoritarian conscience.< Fromm pointed out that anxiety prompted Germany's citizens to give up their freedom in order to obey authoritarian powers such as Hitler and the Nazis. Students taking part in extracurricular sports activities were considered from the viewpoint of Fromm's authority theory. It was revealed that students comply with a leader's authority in order to relieve anxiety, and have positive thoughts about corporal punishment. Furthermore, it was found that such acceptance of corporal punishment succeeded in eliminating conspicuous suffering, but not in removing any underlying conflicts. Fromm pointed that fear of anxiety was relieved by spontaneous activity. To achieve spontaneous activity by students, it was suggested that some form of measure that does not create the type of partnership that occurred between Germany's citizens and Hitler would be desirable for any relationship between the leader of extracurricular sports activities and the students. Y1 - 2016 ER -