TY - BOOK A1 - Kilanowski, Marcin T1 - W obronie ludzkiej godności i solidarności. Erich Fromm i Isaiah Berlin ku nowym filozoficznym podstawom państwa i prawa [In Defense of Human Dignity and Solidarity. Erich Fromm and Isaiah Berlin towards New Philosophical Foundations of State and Law], Toruń (Scientific Publishing House of the Nicolaus Copernicus University) Poland 2018, 508 pp., Polish. [ISBN: 978-83-231-4017-7] N2 - Filozofia jest bogatym źródłem alternatywnych narracji opisujących, w jaki sposób powinniśmy chronić prawa człowieka; narracji, które rozwinęły się w czasach istnienia XX-wiecznych rządów totalitarnych. Niniejsza książka skupia się na myśli dwóch filozofów tego okresu – Ericha Fromma i Isaiaha Berlina. Analiza ich przemyśleń pozwala na ukazanie nowej filozoficznej koncepcji państwa i prawa opartej na wartościach godności ludzkiej i solidarności, uzasadnianych za pomocą argumentów odmiennych od >tradycyjnie uniwersalistycznych<. W koncepcji tej, zakorzenionej w ludzkim doświadczeniu, prawo musi uwzględniać zmieniające się okoliczności, być nakierowane na utrzymanie chwiejnej równowagi między różnymi i czasami przeciwstawnymi wartościami. Rozważania filozofów są zaskakująco aktualne i ukazują, że zagrożenia, które wystąpiły w XX wieku, czyhają na nas także dziś. N2 - Philosophy is a rich source of alternative narratives describing how we should protect human rights; narratives that developed during the existence of 20th century totalitarian governments. This book focuses on the thought of two philosophers of this period – Erich Fromm and Isaiah Berlin. The analysis of their thoughts makes it possible to show a new philosophical conception of the state and law based on the values of human dignity and solidarity, justified through arguments different from the >traditionally universalist< ones. In this concept, rooted in human experience, the law must take into account changing circumstances, be directed to maintain a shaky balance between different and sometimes opposing values. The philosophers' considerations are surprisingly timely and show that the dangers that occurred in the 20th century are still lurking today. [DeepL.com/Translator, free version, 12/2022] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keyn, Ann T1 - Erich Fromm und das Milgram-Experiment. Ist das Verhalten der gehorsamsbereiten Teilnehmenden des Milgram-Experiments unter dem Begriff des autoritären Charakters nach Fromm zu subsumieren?, Studienarbeit, Institut für Praktische Philosophie, Philosophische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Grin Verlag 2022, 25 pp. N2 - Ist das Verhalten der gehorsamsbereiten Teilnehmenden des Milgram-Experiments unter dem Begriff des autoritären Charakters nach Erich Fromm zu subsumieren? Um diese These bestätigen beziehungsweise widerlegen zu können, wird als erstes ein allgemeiner Überblick über den Aufbau und Ablauf des besagten Experiments gegeben. Anschließend erfolgt eine Betrachtung der im Buch aufgeführten, gehorsamswilligen Versuchspersonen. Milgram veröffentlichte einige Aufzeichnungen zu den Nachgesprächen, um herauszufinden, wie sich die Funktion des Gehorsamsprozesses zusammensetzt. Daran schließt sich eine Schilderung dessen nach seinem Verständnis an. Im nächsten Kapitel folgt ein Umbruch und der autoritäre Charakter nach Erich Fromm wird typisiert. Nach getaner Vorarbeit findet ein Vergleich der beiden Konzepte und somit die Prüfung der These statt. Letzen Endes werden im Fazit die zentralen Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und durch meine eigene Meinung ergänzt. [Amazon.de] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Listkowska, Bożena T1 - Stosunek do samego siebie a poczucie szczęścia w ujęciu Ericha Fromma i Mieczysława Gogacza. Studium porównawcze [Attitude Towards Self and the Sense of Happiness According to Erich Fromm and Mieczyslaw Gogacz. Comparative Study] JF - Rocznik tomistyczny [Tomistic Yearbook], Eds.: Michał Zembrzuski et al. Warszawa 2016, pp. 131-148. N2 - The aim of the article is the comparison of the conception of relation between the attitude to self and sense of happiness in humanistic ethics of Erich Fromm and Mieczyslaw Gogacz. The text indicates differences occurring between them, as well as similarities, however the latter ones seem to be particularly interesting, as the conceptions of mentioned philosophers derive from totally different philosophical traditions. Analyses of Fromm and Gogacz show that attitude of human being to themselves signify cantly influences not only their sense of happiness, but also their way of life and relation with other people. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lipka, Lidia T1 - Progresywne podejście Ericha Fromma do problemu ludzkiej egzystencji na tle psychoanalizy [Erich Fromm's Progressive Approach to the Problem of Human Existence Against the Background of Psychoanalysis] JF - Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie, No.18 (2013), pp. 23-32. [ISSN: 1643-6911] N2 - Goethe wrote: >Mankind walks steadily forward, but the person remains the same<. Customs as a normative tradition ways of behavior are the important social community and have the power to unwritten laws. Are primarily transmitted orally or by imitation, once established are very slow to change. The article discusses the problem of looking at the reality of the two opposite poles. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liss, Barry T1 - Hot media, technological transformation and the plague of the dark emotions: Erich Fromm, Viktor Frankl and the recovery of meaning JF - Explorations in Media Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2018), pp. 379-392. [Online ISSN 2048-0717] [doi.org/10.1386/eme.17.4.379_1] N2 - This article takes the position that our contemporary overheated media environment lends itself to comfortable passivity, resulting in mental breakdown in the guise of the dark emotions: anxiety, melancholia and boredom. This is especially the case with the inevitable synergy of the upcoming technological transformations from genetic modification, virtual reality simulacra and artificial intelligence/robotics. After discussing the data from the World Health Organization regarding the stark increase of people across the globe suffering from depression and anxiety, this article weds the concepts of McLuhan’s hot-cool distinction with Fromm’s delineation of the productive character orientation. Following Fromm, this article argues that joy ensues from reason, productive labour and love–sorrow from ignorance, alienated work and indifference. When we willfully abrogate our responsibilities to self and other via non-participational mediated forms, we cede away our potential for growth and development. This leads to the emotional breakdowns of guilt, boredom, anxiety and melancholia. Viktor Frankl’s logo-therapeutic perspective is discussed as a counterbalance to the social effects wrought by our overheated technological environment. Frankl’s stress on phenomenological meaning as the cornerstone of existence provides a lens to understanding the affects of an over-reliance on technological gadgetry. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litz, Stefan T1 - Global Risk Management: What has Love to do with it? JF - The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, Vol. 9, No. 7 (2012), pp. 147-164. [Online ISSN 1447-9559] [doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v09i07/43275] N2 - Beck (1995) has outlined an influential social theory in which the role of modern risks has been highlighted. Modern societies are characterized as qualitatively distinct from premodern societies due to the self-generated new risks of annihilatory potential. Jonas (1979) has proposed an approach highlighting fear as a heuristic guideline for approaching further scientific research and technological development. According to this framework, imagining annihilatory risks inherent in a particular technology and research should make us forego the potential benefits of this technology, as the potential costs are too high. Mittelstraß (1992) argues exactly the opposite and claims that not less but more research and technological progress is necessary in order to enhance the survival chances of the human species. In order to reduce the possibility of deliberate action, which may trigger the annihilation of the human species, however, Mittelstraß (1992) calls for the development of a strong ethos of responsibility. The question, though, remains on what kind of rationale this ethos of individual responsibility may be grounded? It is suggested in this paper that Fromm (1947) provided the answer to the question of how such an ethos may be created and sustained. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Anqi A1 - Liang, Yan T1 - An Interpretation of >Atonement< from Fromm's Theory of Alienation [从弗洛姆的异化理论解读《赎罪》] JF - English Square [英语广场] No. 6 (2022), pp. 61-63. N2 - 《赎罪》是英国作家伊恩·麦克尤恩创作的一部长篇小说。小说描述了主人公布里奥妮因为感情上的挫折而做出伪证,造成了一生难以挽回的后果的故事。本文通过结合弗洛姆异化理论下的自我异化和人际关系异化角度,围绕>赎罪<这一主题,分析布里奥妮犯下滔天罪过的原因。 N2 - Atonement is a long novel written by the English writer Ian McEwan. The novel describes the story of Briony, the main character, who commits perjury because of her emotional frustration, resulting in irreversible consequences for her life. This paper analyzes the reasons for Briony's heinous sin by combining the perspectives of self-alienation and interpersonal alienation under Fromm's alienation theory, and focusing on the theme of >atonement<. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linklater, Andrew T1 - Towards a sociology of global morals with an >emancipatory intent< JF - Review of International Studies, Vol. 33, No. S1 (2007), pp. 135-150. [Online ISSN 1469-9044] [doi.org/10.1017/S0260210507007437] N2 - First generation Frankfurt School critical theorists argued that global solidarity was possible because human beings have similar vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering. This approach to solidarity remains significant for any discussion of the ethical aspirations of critical theory. It also has ramifications for efforts to develop a sociological approach to global moral codes which is influenced by the idea of an emancipatory social theory. Informed by certain themes which were developed by Simone Weil, this article draws on the writings of Fromm, Horkheimer, Adorno and Elias to consider how a sociology of international moral codes can be developed. One of the aims of this project is to consider how far global moralities have developed forms of solidarity around the recognition of shared vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering which are part of the species’ biological legacy. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lind, E. Allan A1 - Bos, Kees van den T1 - When fairness works: Toward a general theory of uncertainty management JF - Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24 (2002), pp. 181–224. [Online ISSN: 2468-1741] [doi.org/10.1016/s0191-3085(02)24006-x] N2 - The only way in our opinion to account for this striving for justice and truth is by the analysis of the whole history of man, socially and individually. We find then that for everybody who is powerless, justice and truth are the most important weapons in the fight for his freedom and growth (Fromm, 1942/2002, p. 248). Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Özkeçeci, Zehra T1 - I Buy, So I Am – The Homo Oeconomicus and the World of Advertising, Using the Example of Gewista [Satın alıyorum – ZIra ben reklamla şekillenen insanım! Gewista örneği ekseninde reklamcılık Dünyası] JF - Asya Studies – Academic Social Studies / Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, Vol. 6, No. 6 (2018), pp. 7-18. [Online ISSN 2602-263X] [doi.org/10.31455/asya.496443] N2 - Business and economy use advertising to promote their products and to increase their profits. Political parties also try to win votes with the help of commercial propaganda. Every step of the way we are accompanied by advertising, our everyday life and our culture are shaped by it.This article asks how the permanent confrontation with advertising affects the recipients. What consequences does propaganda and manipulation have for people who are exposed to this constant influence? The phenomenon of the Homo oeconomicus is also examined in this context. The Homo economicus is primarily a person who consumes and subconsciously identifies with his or her consumption. He's addicted to consumption. Advertising determines the life of the Homo oeconomicus. The psychologist Erich Fromm already dealt with the phenomenon of exuberant materialism in his book >To have or to be< in the 20th century. This book in particular and his work in general are also presented in this article. Fromm propagated a >rational< consumption that focuses on the real needs of people. A separate chapter is dedicated to Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, a pioneer of public relations, whose work >Propaganda< – his famous book from 1928, which is still surprisingly current – is presented. Gewista is an Austrian advertising company. This company is in the focus of this article because we can find its out-of-home commercials also in places that were previously free of advertising. That's why the story of Gewista is told and its product range will be presented.Using the example of Gewista there will be asked for the self-image and the foreign attributions of advertising companies. These companies offer a service they describe themselves as a form of communication. Therefore, the article also analyzes whether advertising can really be seen as a topic of communication theories. N2 - Işletme ve ekonomi, ürünlerinin tanıtımını yapmak ve karlarını artırmak amacıyla reklamları/reklamcılık hizmetlerini kullanırlar. Siyasi partiler de ticari propagandalar yoluyla seçimleri kazanmaya çalışırlar. Reklamcılığın her aşaması, gündelik yaşamlarımızı ve kültürlerimizi ekillendirmektedir. Bu makale, reklamların alıcılar üzerinde nasıl kalıcı etkiler bıraktığını sorgulamaktadır. Söz konusu kalıcı etkilere maruz kalan insanlar için propaganda ve manipülasyonlar ne gibi sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır? Reklamla şekillenen insan fenomeni de bu bağlamda incelenmektedir. İktisadi insan yani akılcı, rasyonel akla sahip insan, öncelikle tüketen ve bunu bilinçaltında tanımlayan insandır. O tüketime bağımlıdır. Reklam ise; o insanın (homo oeconomicus) hayatını belirler. Psikolog Erich Fromm 20. yy.’da >sahip olmak ya da olmak< adıyla yayınlamış olduğu kitabında coşkulu materyalizme vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu makalede Fromm’un genel olarak calışmaları özel olarak da söz konusu kitabına yer verilmektedir. Fromm, insanların gerçek ihtiyaçlarına odaklanan >rasyonel tüketim< kavramını savunur. Ayrı bir bölüm olarak Freud’un yeğeni olan, 1928 yılında çıkarmış olduğu >Propaganda< isimli kitapla ünlenen ve şaşırtıcı biçimde günümüze kadar bu ünü devam eden; ayrıca halkla ilişkiler alanının öncülerinden Edward Bernays’a yer verilmiştir. Bu makale, Avusturyalı bir reklam firması olan Gewista’ya odaklanmaktadır. Gewista Firması örneği ekseninde reklam şirketlerinin benlik imgesi ve dı Şsal nitelikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu şirketler bir iletişim biçimi olarak kendilerini tanımlayan bir hizmet sunarlar. Bu nedenle söz konusu imakale reklamın, iletişim teorileri açısından geçerli bir konu olup olmayacağı üzerinde de durmaktadır. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ognjenovic, Svetlana R. T1 - A >Mouse-trap< for Indonesian Killers: Oppenheimer's >The Act of Killing< [>Mišolovka< za ubojice iz Indonezije: Oppenheimerov >čin ubijanja<] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Радови Филозофског факултета (часопис за хуманистич ке и друштвене науке) – Papers of the Faculty of Philosophy (Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences), No. 21 (2020), pp. 65-79. [Online ISSN 2232-8343] [doi.org/10.7251/FIN1921065O] N2 - This paper was inspired by the documentary >The Act of Killing<, directed by an American-born, British filmmaker Joshua Oppenheimer and released in 2012. Provoked and appalled by what is described as one of the worst mass murders in the 20th century, the movie director focuses not so much on the crime itself but the perpetrators of the crimes and the ensuing consequences. A part from the need to bring to open and discuss this part of Indonesian history, as well as the consequences of the communist and subsequent anti-communist political rules, this paper deals, on the one hand, with the question and the essence of human nature capable of such monstrosity and on the other, with the role that art must take in understanding and healing of the open wounds in any nation’s history as well as individual perpetrators of the crimes. For this purpose, the ideological framework of Erich Fromm as given in his study >Anatomy of Human Destructiveness< and also philosophical ideas of Hanna Arendt, specifically concerning the nature of evil itself were used as theoretical framework. N2 - Rad je inspirisan dokumentarnim filmom iz 2012. godine pod nazivom Čin ubijanja >The Act of Killing< koji je režirao britanski autor američkog porijekla Džošua Openhajmer (Joshua Oppenheimer). U filmu se Openhajmer ne bavi toliko obimom i kontekstom niza ubistava počinjenih u periodu 1965-1966. godine u Indoneziji za vrijeme Suhartove strahovlade, koliko samom prirodom ovih zločina i njihovih počinitelja, kao i posljedicama ovih ubistava. Prema tome, cilj ovog rada jeste otvaranje jednog kontroverznog poglavlja indonezijske istorije, ne da bi se prodiskutovalo o samim istorijskim događajima ili njihovoj hronologiji, pa čak ni posljedicama komunističke, odnosno antikomunističke političke vladavine, već da bismo postavili pitanje o suštini ljudske prirode koja je u stanju da počini zvjerstva poput ovih iz spomenutog perioda, a koji se smatraju jednim od najgorih masovnih ubistava u 20. vijeku. Isto tako, od posebnog je značaja podsjetiti na davnašnju ulogu umjetnosti kao >ogledala stvarnosti<, koje, kao takvo, ima snagu da izazove emocije i samospoznaju i kod najokorjelijih zločinaca kao što su ovi iz Openhajmerovog dokumentarnog filma – tek tada, jedna je od njegovih teza, moguće je otvoriti put pomirenju između krvnika i njegove žrtve i postepeno zacijeliti ranečitavog jednog naroda. U tu svrhu poslužićemo se ideološkim okvirom koji je Erih From ponudio u svojoj studiji >Anatomija ljudske destruktivnosti<, kao i filozofskim idejama Hane Arent, koje se uglavnom tiču njenog viđenja prirode samog zla. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olubiński, Andrezej T1 - Aktywność własna wychowanka jako cel i efekt procesu edukacji: w świetle poglądow Ericha Fromma [Pupil's Self-activity as the Goal and Effect of the Education Process: in the Light of Erich Fromm's Views] JF - Edukacja, No. 4 (2007), pp. 20-32. [ISSN: 0239-6858] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omine, Mitsuharu T1 - Problems Related to Student Acceptance of Corporal Punishment during Extracurricular Sports Activities: With Reference to Erich Fromm's Authority Theory JF - International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol.18 (2020), pp. 154-160. [Online ISSN 1880-4012] [doi.org/10.5432/ijshs.202013] N2 - The purpose of this study was to analyze problems related to the mechanism whereby students can accept corporal punishment during extracurricular sports activities with reference to the books Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself that were central to Erich Frommʼs authority theory. Specifically, the author focused on the concepts of >authoritarian character<, >authoritarian ethics< and >authoritarian conscience< Fromm pointed out that anxiety prompted Germanyʼs citizens to give up their freedom in order to obey authoritarian powers such as Hitler and the Nazis. Students taking part in extracurricular sports activities were considered from the viewpoint of Frommʼs authority theory. It was revealed that students comply with a leaderʼs authority in order to relieve anxiety, and have positive thoughts about corporal punishment. Furthermore, it was found that such acceptance of corporal punishment succeeded in eliminating conspicuous suffering, but not in removing any underlying conflicts. Fromm pointed that fear of anxiety was relieved by spontaneous activity. To achieve spontaneous activity by students, it was suggested that some form of measure that does not create the type of partnership that occurred between Germanyʼs citizens and Hitler would be desirable for any relationship between the leader of extracurricular sports activities and the students. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oka, Yoshitatsu T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Fear of Freedom (Japanese) JF - 日本政治學會年報政治學 [The Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association], Vol. 2 (1951), pp. 107-119. [doi.org/10.11521/nenpouseijigaku1950.2.107] Y1 - 1951 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omelchenko, Nikolay T1 - Al-Ghazali on the Essence of Love JF - Reflections. Journal of Philosophical Anthropology, No. 1 (2012), pp. 9-18. [philpapers.org/archive/OMEAOT-2.pdf] N2 - In his paper, the author considers >the humans’ love of themselves, of their perfection and self-preservation.< He shares Al-Ghazali’s postulate >humans love the eternity of their being< and highlights the presence of this idea in the doctrine of Christianity, in the conceptions of Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872) and Erich Fromm (1900–1980). Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oetker-Funk, Renate T1 - Einführung in den Studientag >Selbstbestimmung am Ende des Lebens< JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 010-014. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 23 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024a ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oddner, Frans T1 - The character of sport and the sport of character JF - Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2010), pp. 171-185. [Online ISSN 1743-0445] [doi.org/10.1080/17430430903522905) N2 - The idea of sport's character-forming qualities is a globally spread notion, which has begun to be questioned in recent years. In problematizing this notion, the relation of sport to its practitioners has been the primary study. The way the problems reflect the relation of sport to society has been less in focus. This essay sets such a focus with the help of character concepts in social psychology (Riesman, Fromm and Sennett), developing a reconstruction of such concepts of sport in a Swedish context. From being a sphere by the side of society, sport in Sweden from the twentieth century onwards has been increasingly linked in complex ways to the various spheres and actors of society. This understanding of how characters are fostered into and within sport sheds light on the conditions for character formation at different stages of history until the present time. The problems receive further relevance when considering how New Economy culture and its conditions for character formation may affect Swedish sport in the near future. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam T1 - >Freedom From< and >Freedom To< Across Countries JF - Social Indicators Research, Vol. 118, No. 3 (Sept. 2014), pp. 1009-1029. N2 - It has been over 70 years since Erich Fromm wrote >Escape from Freedom<. He defined two type of freedom: FREEDOM FROM (negative) and FREEDOM TO (positive). Fromm's masterpiece, however, does not measure the two types of freedom, and this is not surprising – there were no freedom data at the time. Now, there are plenty of data, and Fromm's concepts of freedom can be operationalized across countries. The two types of freedom, positive and negative, correlate at below 0.5, and such low correlation is surprising – I discuss outliers and point out that freedom is an end in itself, as recognized, for instance, by Amartya Sen. Furthermore, while we acknowledge the importance of FREEDOM FROM, we forget that FREEDOM FROM is not fully realized without FREEDOM TO: it's great to be free; but it's even better to feel free as well. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pacheco Richter, Ernesto T1 - Influências da psicanálise na constituição da Psicologia Política: Reich, Fromm e Adorno [Influences of psychoanalysis on the constitution of Political Psychology: Reich, Fromm and Adorno], Doctoral dissertation, Social Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paul, Brazil 2017, 161 pp., Portuguese. N2 - Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as influências da teoria psicanalítica no processo de constituição da Psicologia Política, como campo de pesquisa. Inicialmente, enfocamos os pensadores franceses Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde e Gustave Le Bon, cujas contribuições acerca das revoluções francesas sãorelevantes ao campo. Em contrapartida, apresentamos os autores anglófonos Graham Wallas e Harold Lasswell, pois suas reflexões aportam distintas perspectivas aos eventos políticos, porém, não menos significativas para a posterior institucionalização da Psicologia Política. Em seguida, os principais textos sociais de Freud, bem como os metapsicológicos, são abordados com o objetivo de analisar os elementos políticos subjacentes na teoria psicanalítica. Finalmente, apresentamos três autores, que no nosso entendimento, são essenciais à história do campo: ilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Theodor Adorno, cujo interesse principal era o estudo do autoritarismo. Por meio de uma análise crítica e reflexiva, buscamos mostrar as contribuições da psicanálise e como ela foi apropriada por esses autores. Esta pesquisa justifica-se por preencher uma lacuna na história da Psicologia Política e mostrar a relevância da psicanálise para o pensamento político, especialmente, durante e logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Além disso, é indubitável a atualidade desses autores, haja vista a crescente adesão ao discurso autoritário que se observa em pleno século XXI. N2 - This work aims to analyze the influences of psychoanalytic theory in the process of constitution of Political Psychology, as research field. Initially, we focus on French authors, such as, Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon, whose contributions regarding French revolutions are relevant to the field. On the other hand, we present the Anglophone authors Graham Wallas and Harold Lasswell, as their thoughts bring different perspectives to political events, but no less significant for the later institutionalization of Political Psychology. Afterwards, we analyze Freud’s social texts, as well as the meta-psychological ones, in order to elucidate the political elements underlying psychoanalytic theory. Finally, we present three authors we consider essential to the history of the field: Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Theodor Adorno, whose main interest was the study of authoritarianism. Through a critical and reflexive analysis, we show the contributions of psychoanalysis and how it was appropriated by these authors. This research is justified by filling a gap in the history of Political Psychology, and showing the relevance that psychoanalysis has had for political thought, especially during and shortly after World War II. Furthermore, the contributions of these authors are undoubtedly present, given the growing adherence to the authoritarian discourse observed in the 21st century. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omine, Mitsuhanu T1 - 運動部活動における生徒の体罰受容の問題性:エーリッヒ・フロムの権威論を手掛かりとして [Problems Related to Student Acceptance of Corporal Punishment During Extracurricular Sports Activities: With Reference to Erich Fromm's Authority Theory] JF - 体育学研究 [Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences], Volume 61, No. 2 (2016), pp. 629-637. [doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.15109] N2 - The purpose of this study was to analyze problems related to the mechanism whereby students can accept corporal punishment during extracurricular sports activities with reference to the books Escape from Freedom and Man for Himself that were central to Erich Fromm's authority theory. Specifically, the author focused on the concepts of >authoritarian character,< >authoritarian ethics,< and >authoritarian conscience.< Fromm pointed out that anxiety prompted Germany's citizens to give up their freedom in order to obey authoritarian powers such as Hitler and the Nazis. Students taking part in extracurricular sports activities were considered from the viewpoint of Fromm's authority theory. It was revealed that students comply with a leader's authority in order to relieve anxiety, and have positive thoughts about corporal punishment. Furthermore, it was found that such acceptance of corporal punishment succeeded in eliminating conspicuous suffering, but not in removing any underlying conflicts. Fromm pointed that fear of anxiety was relieved by spontaneous activity. To achieve spontaneous activity by students, it was suggested that some form of measure that does not create the type of partnership that occurred between Germany's citizens and Hitler would be desirable for any relationship between the leader of extracurricular sports activities and the students. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Opalić, Petar T1 - Patografske studije i psihopatologija kao izvor saznanja o društvu [Pathographic studies and psychopathology as a source of knowledge about society] JF - Социолошки преглед [Sociological Review], Vol. 41, No. 1 (2007), pp. 3-19. [Online ISSN 2506-4880] Социолошки преглед [Sociological Review], Vol. 41, No. 1 (2007), pp. 3-19. [Online ISSN 2560-4880] [scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0085-6320/2007/0085-63200701003O.pdf] N2 - После краћег увода су изложени потенцијали социологије психијатријског сазнања сагледани на основу знања саме психијатрије односно психопатологије, тј. На основу оног што клиничка психијатрија може да пружи социолошком сазнању, првенствено из угла анализе психички измењене стварности појединаца (из снова, симптома, емоционалног стања појединаца и сл.). Потом су опширно изложене патографске студије као методолошки потенцијал интеграције психијатријског и социолошког сазнања. Понуђени су резултати патографских студије Фрома и Вирта од интернационалних, те Станојевића и Адамовића од српских аутора, и то везано за патографије Стаљина, Хитлера, Кола, Фишера, Милошевића и неколико других историјских личности. У закључку је указано на теоријске, методолошке и емпиријске претпоставке кориштења патографских студија у социологији, зависно од теоријских образаца (психоаналитичког и феноменолошког) и ситуирања биографије лидера у одговарајуће друштвено-историјске околности. N2 - After a short introduction, we presented the potentials of the sociology of psychiatric knowledge analysed on the basis of the knowledge of the very psychiatry, namely psychopathology, that is, on the basis of what the clinical psychiatry could offer to sociological knowledge. The analysis was performed primarily from the point of view of perceiving mentally changed reality of individuals (their dreams, symptoms, their emotional state, etc.) Pathographic studies as a methodological potential of integration of psychiatric andsociological knowledge were then presented in a detailed manner. The results of pathographic studies by Fromm and Würth (international authors) and Stanojević and Adamović (domestic authors) were then presented, the studies presenting pathographies of Stalin, Hitler, Kohl, Fischer, Milošević and several other historic figures. The conclusion pointed to theoretical, methodological and empirical conditions of using pathographic studies in sociology, depending on theoretical patterns (psychoanalytical and phenomenological) and setting leaders’ biographies into certain social and historical circumstances. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osmanoğlu, Ömer T1 - Hegel’den Marcuse’ye Yabancılaşma Olgusu [On the Concept of Alienation: From Marcuse to Hegel] JF - Üsküdar Universitesi Sosyal bilimler dergisi, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2016), pp. 65-92. [Online ISSN 2717-7769] [dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/509808] N2 - Günümüz insanı, kendi üretimine ve tüketimine, doğal ve toplumsal çevresine, diğer insanlara ve en önemlisi kendi özüne yabancılaşmış durumdadır. Teknolojik gelişmeyle birlikte insanlarda ve toplumda bunalım, yalnızlaşma, kimlik yitimi ve nesneleşme söz konusu olmuştur. Bu süreçte insan içeriksiz ve anlamsız bir varlık haline gelmiştir. Yabancılaşma sorununu merkeze alan bazı çağdaş filozoflar değerlerden ve ideallerden arındırılmış olan insanın, varoluş açısından anlamsızlaştığını, yabancılaştığını ve çözülmeye başladığını ileri sürmektedir. Bu makalede Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Lukács, Fromm ve Marcuse’nin yabancılaşma olgusu hakkındaki fikirleri ele alınıp tartışılmaktadır. N2 - Modern man is alienated to his own production and consumption, his natural and social environment, other people, and most importantly to his own essence. With technological improvement, depression, loneliness, loss of identity and objectification appeared in individuals and the society. In this process, humans became empty and meaningless beings. Some contemporary philosophers, who focused on the problem of alienation, asserted that human being who purged of the values and ideals, in terms of existence become meaningless, alienated, and disintegrated. This article focuses on the ideas about the concept of alienation of Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Lukács, Fromm and Marcuse. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortiz, Nidia A1 - Puerta-DomInguez, Simón T1 - Individuo y sociedad: un acercamiento psicosocial desde >El Miedo a la libertad< de Erich Fromm [Individual and Society: A Psychosocial Approach from Erich Fromm´s >The Fear of Freedom<] JF - Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2019), pp. 177-199. [Online ISSN 2145-4892] [revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/342705/20803241] N2 - En este artículo de reflexión se indaga por las formas en que el enfoque psicosocial, en su aplicación por parte de Erich Fromm, configura un diálogo entre la psicología y la sociología. A partir de su obra El miedo a la libertad y de las condiciones que el contexto del nacionalsocialismo alemán introduce en su época, se propone una lectura de esta fundamentación del enfoque psicosocial a partir de las categorías de libertad, individuo y sociedad, sus articulaciones y operatividad teórica. Esta investigación básica, de carácter cualitativo, privilegió la revisión e interpretación teórica, para lo cual se retoma un autor y una propuesta seminales para la actualidad del enfoque. Fromm, desde las especificidades propias de su época y las formas de organización social de las que fue testigo, reflexiona en torno a lo psicosocial como un marco abierto de referencia, consecuente con la complejidad propia del siglo xx y sus contradicciones sociohistóricas. N2 - This discussion paper explores the forms in which the psychosocial approach, in its application by Erich Fromm, configures the dialogue between psychology and sociology. Based on his work The Fear of Freedom and the context of the German National Socialism involved, a reading of this foundation of the psychosocial approach is proposed based on the categories of freedom, individual, and society, their articulations and theoretical operation. This basic research, of a qualitative nature, privileged the theoretical review and interpretation, taking the proposal of a seminal author for the current approach. Fromm, from the specificities of his time and the forms of social organization he witnessed, reflects on the psychosocial as an open frame of reference, consistent with the complexity of the twentieth century and its sociohistorical contradictions. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Opalić, Petar T1 - Pregled razvoja sociologije mentalnih poremećaja [Development of the sociology of mental disorders: An overview] JF - Sociologija, Vol. 49, No. 1 (2007), pp. 1-16. [Online ISSN 2406-0712] [doi.org/10.2298/SOC0701001O] N2 - In the introduction the social character of mental disorders is discussed. In the second part the contribution of individual authors and their works to the development of sociology of mental disorders in European countries and the USA is described, with special emphasis on the sociogenesis of mental disorders. There follows an overview of the theories of Comte, Durkheim Halbwachs, Meyer and Eliot, Goffman, Parsons, Foucault, as well as representatives of anti-psychiatry (Laing, Basaglia and Szasz) and Freudo-Marxists (Reich, Fromm etc), to contemporary authors of relevant textbooks (Gallagher, Eaton, Cocherham etc). The study of the sociology of mental disorders in Serbia is briefly sketched. N2 - U uvodu su izložena obeležja društvene prirode psihičkih poremećaja. Zatim je izložen doprinos pojedinih autora i njihovih dela razvoju sociologije mentalnih poremećaja u evropskim zemljama i SAD, posebno u aspektu sociogeneze psihičkih poremećaja. Sažeto su predstavljena gledišta Konta, Dirkema, Albvaksa, Mejera i Eliota, preko Gofmana, Parsonsa, Morena, Fukoa i predstavnika antipsihijatrije (Lenga, Bazalje i Sasa) I frojdomarksista (Rajha, Froma i drugih) sve do autora savremenih udžbenika iz ove oblasti (Galagera, Itona, Kokerhema i drugih). Dat je kratak presek izučavanja sociologije mentalnih poremećaja u Srbiji. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orellana, Carlos Iván T1 - El escape de la libertad, de Erich Fromm: 80 años de advertencia sobre la amenaza autoritaria [Erich Fromm's Escape from Freedom: 80 Years of Warning About the Authoritarian Threat] [La fuite de la liberté d’Erich Fromm: 80 ans d’avertissement sur la menace autoritaire] JF - Revista Espiga (Costa Rica), Vol. 22, No. 45 (2023), pp. 39-51. [Online ISSN 2215-454X] [revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/espiga/article/view/4612/6412] N2 - En este ensayo se reflexiona sobre el autoritarismo contemporáneo, a propósito de los 80 años del libro clásico: El miedo de la libertad, de Erich Fromm. Se argumenta que el mensaje principal del texto mantiene su vigencia al advertir sobre los riesgos que se ciernen sobre la democracia ante la llegada de un líder autoritario al cual las masas se someten en busca de resguardo y sentido, en el que el caso salvadoreño sirve para ilustrar la sumisión a líderes populistas en Centroamérica. Mientras la dignidad de las personas no sea colocada en el centro de las preocupaciones políticas, el riesgo de persistir en la idea de escapar de la libertad a través del autoritarismo será siempre una posibilidad latente. N2 - This essay reflects on contemporary authoritarianism, regarding the 80 years of the classic book: >The fear of freedom<, by Erich Fromm. It is argued that the main message of the text maintains its validity by warning about the risks that hang over democracy before the arrival of an authoritarian leader to whom the masses submit in search of protection and meaning, in which the Salvadoran case serves to illustrate submission to populist leaders in Central America. As long as people's dignity is not placed at the center of political concerns, the risk of persisting in the idea of escaping from freedom through authoritarianism will always be a latent possibility. N2 - Cet essai Cet essai réfléchi sur l’autoritarisme contemporain concernant les années 80 du célèbre livre: >La peur de la liberté< d’Erich Fromm. Cet article argumente que le message principal du texte maintient sa validité qui prévient sur les risques qui pèsent sur la démocratie face à l’arrivée d’un leader autoritaire. Alors les masses se sont soumises devant ce leader autoritaire en cherchant protection et sens, ce qui dans le cas salvadorien sert à illustrer la soumission aux leaders populistes de l’Amérique Centrale. Tant que la dignité des personnes n’est pas placée dans le centre des préoccupations politiques, le risque de persister dans l’idée d’échapper de la liberté à travers de l’autoritarisme sera toujours une possibilité latent. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ott, Ulrich T1 - Meditation als Weg zu einem befreiten Sein JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 061-068. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 24 Y1 - 2023 VL - d27/2023e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Padilla Díaz, Jorge T1 - El hombre absurdo y el miedo a la libertad: resonancias kafkianas en la lectura de Erich Fromm, una premonición de nuestro tiempo [The senseless man and his fear of freedom: Kafkaesque thought through the mind of Erich Fromm, a premonition of our times] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Persona (Lima), Vol. 26, No. 1 (2023), pp. 133-152. [Online ISSN 2309-9062] [doi.org/10.26439/persona2023.n26(1).6338] N2 - En su obra >El miedo a la libertad<, publicada en 1941, el psicólogo y psicoanalista alemán Erich Fromm desenmascara de forma casi vertiginosa una tendencia ambivalente, inherente a las sociedades modernas, según la cual la libertad conquistada por el ciudadano medio en las democracias del sistema capitalista es directamente proporcional al crecimiento de un generalizado sentimiento de soledad, impotencia e insignificancia. Esta situación empuja al individuo a buscar algún tipo de subterfugio o paliativo mediante el cual consiga contrarrestar dicha sensación de angustia. En este ensayo, me propongo abordar la correlación entre la absurda coherencia del universo kafkiano y las ideas de Fromm con respecto a los mecanismos, desarrollados desde la ética protestante y exacerbados por el espíritu del capitalismo tardío, que para el cumplimiento de tal fin se sirvió nuestra sociedad occidental, y contrastarlos con la problemática actual. Sabemos que si algo destaca dentro de la irracionalidad racional que significa toda la obra de Kafka es precisamente ese >miedo inconsciente a la libertad< que obliga a sus personajes a encerrarse dentro del incuestionable marco del sometimiento – o sumisión, como diría Fromm – al gran Otro y cumplimiento de las normas sociales establecidas, lo que a su vez se articula como una suerte de refugio aislado de la caótica realidad exterior, si bien a expensas del bienestar tanto físico – como sucede en La metamorfosis o en El artista del hambre – como psicológico – en el caso de El proceso o El Castillo – del protagonista en cuestión. N2 - In >The Fear of Freedom<, first published in 1941, German psychoanalyst Erich Fromm unmasks the ambivalent tendencies that have ingrained modern societies: the liberties achieved by the average individual citizen of democracies reliant on capi¬talism are directly proportional to the growth of universally experienced loneliness, insignificance, and fragility. This exhausting situation inevitably pushes the individual to seek some form of subterfuge or palliative to try and counter a growing feeling of anguish that seems to be innate, all-encompassing. This essay addresses the corre¬lation between the absurd coherence of the Kafkaesque universe and Fromm’s claims regarding the mechanisms and crushing feelings – exacerbated by the spirit of late-stage capitalism that plagues modern Western societies – first developed in Protestant ethics and discusses them regarding the problems of our times. One of the most recog¬nizable and impactful, rational-yet-irrational ideas that stands out from Kafka’s work is the >unconscious fear of freedom< that forces his characters to lock themselves up within the absolute prison of submission – as Fromm would put it – to the tremen¬dous Other and the established social norms. This isolated refuge individuals have created to shield themselves from the chaotic, unstable, external reality comes at the expense of the personage’s physical well-being (evidently seen in The Metamorphosis or A Hunger Artist) and psychological well-being (shown in >The Castle< or >The Trial<). Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pajoohandeh, Ali T1 - The riddle of time and space JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 2, 2022), pp. 108-117. N2 - Time is the most important feature or fundamental describer of normal human experience and is also the most eminent forgotten element of psychoanalysis. Freud believes that the unconscious is timeless and believes that it perceives any given moment as new and immaculate. He makes very little effort to illustrate the origin of time; however, he points to the function of the Pcpt-Cs as the key to this riddle. After him, fewer psychoanalysts can be found who have systemically researched this subject, except for André Green, Hartocolles, Arlow, and Sabbadini. In this paper, I have tried to illustrate how the sense of time is related to libidinal cathexis. I have displayed, through some pathological situations such as melancholy, mania, and schizophrenia, and a clinical vignette, that the more ego invests libido in the objects, the faster we sense the passage of time and the more it withdraws libido from the objects into itself, the slower time passes. Finally, using my previous viewpoint about transitional time objects and phenomena, I have presented some ideas about an object relation account of the origin of the sense of time. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pacion, Mariusz T1 - Aksjologiczny wymiar kobiecości w poezji Stanisława Grochowiaka [The Axiological Dimension of Femininity in the Poetry of Stanisław Grochowiak] JF - Dydaktyka Polonistyczna, No. 3 (12) (2017), pp. 84-97. [doi: 10.15584/dyd.pol.12.2017.6] N2 - The article raises the subject of female motive in Stanisław Grochowiak’s poetry. Female element in the work of the representative of 56 generation is marked positively – in contrast to masculine one. The poet’s high evaluating of woman is closely connected with the war escalation in 20th century. According to Grochowiak, it proclaims that civilization based on patriarchal system suffered its defeat. The only hope for humanity resurgence is just related to a woman. The author says that she is the host of such values as love and wisdom – and her fertility and protectiveness are opposite to the death. The crisis of European civilization caused by two world wars has its overtone in philosophic idea of Erich Fromm. He abstracted two tendencies in human’s behavior: biophilic – directed at life and necrophilic – aimed at death. Fromm similarly to Grochowiak found the reason for the twentieth-century hecatomb in human nature, in this what is typical of man and patriarchal society. Both Grochowiak’s and Fromm’s diagnoses are parallel but at the same time independent, that is why we can say that they are complementary to each other in seeking the explanation for traumatic war events and the hope for human’s future. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pagan, Nicholas Osborne T1 - Jung Chan's >Wild Swans<: Love as a Political Concept [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Sare – Southeast Asian Review of English, Vol. 56, No. 2 (2019), pp. 102-115. N2 - This article explores the different forms of love which appear in a work which is part family memoir, part autobiography, and part literary fiction: Jung Chang’s >Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China< (1991). This exploration is underpinned by theories of love articulated first by Karl Marx and Alexandra Kollontai and later by Erich Fromm and Michael Hardt. In different ways these thinkers all point to the idea that love is not merely a private matter between two individuals but rather a social and political phenomenon. Fromm’s insistence that love changes according to historical and cultural circumstances is shown to be relevant throughout as Chang portrays love adapting to the vast political changes taking place in China from approximately 1924 (when her grandmother became a concubine) until 1976 (the death of Mao). Corresponding to a large extent to the life histories of the >three daughters of China< ─ Chang’s grandmother, Chang’s mother, and Chang herself ─ the article traces a distinctive movement through property love and family love to >winged Eros<-based love, >red love< and finally love as a decision. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pacquing, Ian Raymond T1 - Understand the Freirian Dyadic Relations from the Frommian Framework of Social Character JF - Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2021), pp. 205-217. [doi.org/10.46992/pijp.22.2.a.4] N2 - I argue in this paper that every society has its own >libidinal drives< that may or may not paralyze the capacity of individuals towards freedom. Fromm calls this the social character. Social character is the unconscious canalization of individual libidinal drives for the attainment of social objectives instituted by the dominant figures of society. I theorize that the Freirian dyadic alliance persists because of a dominant characterology permeated by the ruling authorities. The dynamics of social character structure not only eludes the oppressed conscious awareness, but it also actually strengthens the domination and control through the institutionalization of structural policies enacted and implemented by the oppressors. Hence, what Freire laments in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed is equalized and smoothen by how the marginalized and the downtrodden cling incessantly towards the oppressors. By depending upon the dominant ruling authorities, the oppressed find fulfillment and satisfaction, upon which they fortify the dyadic-symbiotic relations. This happens because of the dynamics of their character structure that caters to the instinctual drive to survive. The social character gives rise to the inner satisfaction of oppressed libidinous desires and needs, thus equalizing their own emotional needs. Furthermore, the very nature of their submissiveness is a character trait that unknowingly recanalizes their elementary needs in life. Hence, by understanding how the Frommian social character influences social behaviors the symbiotic element that cements the Freirian dyadic relation is unlocked. Through unraveling the dynamics of social characterology, the Freirian dyadic symbiosis ungrounds itself and eventually grasps why the majority of the poor and marginalized are motivated and find fulfillment therein as a matter of survival from controlling authorities. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paes, Ana Carolina Lamosa T1 - A linguagem literária em >As Brumas de Avalon< (1982) [The literary language in >As Brumas de Avalon< (1982)] JF - Revista de estudios e investigación en psicología y educación, No. 9 (2017), A9-74 – A9-78. [doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2017.0.09.2731] N2 - A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao Laboratório de Estudos em Religiões e Religiosidades da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (BR), sob título >História e Literatura: as narrativas mitológicas em As Brumas de Avalon<, obra literária escrita por Marion Zimmer Bradley (1982). O trabalho tem como objetivo buscar compreender uma linguagem literária que contém em si uma linguagem simbólica. Assim, tanto são utilizados apontamentos de Roger Chartier (1999), quanto ao uso da literatura como fonte histórica, como também se procurou alinhar o trabalho com a linguagem simbólica de Erich Fromm (1969). N2 - The present research is linked to the Laboratory of Studies in Religions and Religiosities of the State University of Maringá (BR) under the title >History and Literature: The Mythological Narratives in The Mists of Avalon<, a literary work written by Marion Zimmer Bradley (1982). The aim of this work is to understand a literary language that contains in itself a symbolic language. Thus, both are used notes of Roger Chartier (1999), as the use of literature as a historical source, but also sought to align the work with the symbolic language of Erich Fromm (1969). Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Padgett, Vernon R. A1 - Jorgenson, Dale O. T1 - Superstition and Economic Threat: Germany 1918 – 1940 JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 8, No. 4 (1982), pp. 736-741. [Online ISSN 1552-7433] [doi.org/10.1177/0146167282084021] N2 - Economic threat predicted the level of superstition in Germany for the tumultuous years 1918 to 1940. Indexes of superstition were the number of articles on astrology, mysticism, and cults appearing in a German periodical index. Threat was measured by levels of real wages, unemployment, and industrial production. The economic threat variables significantly predicted level of superstition in two of the three superstition indexes. Experimental and naturalistic evidence concerning situational determinants of superstition are reviewed. These results support Fromm's (1941/1965) thesis that threat produces authoritarianism and corroborate Sales's (1973) investigation of U.S. archival data. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Palazzolo, Salvatore Aloysious T1 - Demystifying A Sexual Perversion: An Existential Reading of Sadomasochism and Erich Fromm's Call to Love, Doctoral dissertation, Psychology, Faculty of the Department of Psychology of Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2007, 237+3 pp. [dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2024&context=etd] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pambuccian, Viktor T1 - Brouwer’s Intuitionism. Mathematics in the Being Mode of Existence JF - B. Sriraman (Ed.), Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Mathematical Practice, Springer Switzerland, 2022, pp. 1-55., N2 - It is argued that Brouwer’s philosophy of mathematics makes perfect sense if viewed from an Eastern philosophical perspective, as a mathematics in what Erich Fromm called “the being mode of existence.” The difficulty Western philosophers have accepting its validity under Brouwer’s own justifications is that mathematics is one of the highest prized treasures of Western philosophy (those footnotes to Plato’s dialogues). Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 불교와 그리스도교에 대한 니체의 견해에 대한 비판적 고찰 - 에리히 프롬과의 비교를 통해서 [A Critical Examination of Nietzsche’s View on Buddhism and Christianity - through the Comparison with Erich Fromm’s View] JF - 현대유럽철학연구 [Researches in Contemporary European Philosophy], No. 27 (2011), pp. 101-138. N2 - 이 글은 니체가 『안티그리스도』에서 개진하고 있는 불교와 그리스도교에 대한 견해를 프롬의 견해와 대조하면서 비판적으로 검토하면서, 니체의 견해가 가지고 있는 긍정적인 의의와 한계를 살펴보고 있다. 니체는 불교와 그리스도교가 현실을 고통에 가득 찬 부정적인 것으로 보면서내면으로의 도피나 피안으로의 도피를 주창하고 있다는 점에서 허무주의적이라고 보며, 또한 양자가 모두 생명력의 약화와 퇴화에서 비롯되었으면서도생명력의 약화와 퇴화를 조장하고 있다는 점에서 데카당스적이라고 보고 있다. 이에 반해서 프롬은 종교를 크게 권위주의적인 종교와 인본주의적인 종교로 대별하면서 불교를 대표적인 인본주의적인 종교로 보는 반면에 그리스도교에는 두 가지 요소가 섞여 있다고 보고 있다. 프롬은 예수의 참된 정신과 그리스도교 신비주의는 인본주의적인 성격을 띠고 있는 반면에, 이른바전지전능한 신에 대한 무조건적인 복종을 요구하는 제도화된 교회의 교리는권위주의적인 성격을 띠고 있다고 보았다. 프롬이 이렇게 종교를 권위주의적 종교와 인본주의적인 종교로 구별하고 있는 것은 어떤 면에서는 니체가 종교를 힘에의 의지를 강건하게 만드는 종교와, 그것을 약화시키고 병들게 하는 종교로 구별하고 있는 것과 유사하다. 니체가 어떤 종교의 좋고 나쁨은 그 종교가 실재를 얼마나 반영하느냐가 아니라 인간을 얼마나 강건한 존재로 만드느냐에 달려 있다고 보는 것처럼, 프롬역시 어떤 종교의 좋고 나쁨은 그 종교가 인간을 얼마나 정신적으로 성숙한존재로 만드는지에 달려 있다고 보는 것이다. 그러나 프롬이 부처와 예수를 인류가 추구해야 할 이상적인 가치를 제시하고구현한 인류의 사표로 보는 반면에, 니체는 부처와 예수를 결국은 힘에의 의지가 약했던 데카당으로 본다는 점에서 양자는 사실상 입장을 전적으로 달리한다고 보아야 할 것이다. 양자 간의 차이는 궁극적으로는 『안티그리스도』에서의 니체가 사해동포주의적인 사랑을 주창하는 계몽주의적인 휴머니즘에 대해서 비판적인 입장을 취하고 있는 것에 반해 프롬이 그것을 적극적으로 받아들이고 있다는 데에서 비롯된다. 니체가 계몽주의뿐 아니라 불교나 그리스도교에 나타나고 있는 사해동포주의적인 사랑을 힘이 약한 자들의 자기기만정도로 보는 반면에, 프롬은 오히려 진정한 내적인 힘에서 비롯되는 사해동포주의적인 사랑이 존재하며 그러한 정신적인 능력을 구현하는 것이야말로우리 인간이 추구해야 할 가치라고 보고 있는 것이다. N2 - This article examines Nietzsche’s views on Buddhism and Christianity in >Anti-Christ< critically in contrast with Erich Fromm’s view and inquire into the positive significance and limitations of Nietzsches’ view. Nietzsche regards Buddhism and Christianity as nihilistic, because he thinks that they see this world as filled with pains and advocate the escape from this world. Moreover, he regards them as decadent, because he thinks that they came into being from weakening and degeneration of life and promotes weakening and degeneration of life. On the contrary, Fromm divides the religions into authoritarian and humanistic religions largely. He sees Buddhism as a representative humanistic religion, while he thinks that in Christianity two elements are mixed. Fromm sees Buddha and Jesus as the ideal men which presented and realized the values that the mankind should realize, while Nietzsche sees them as the decadent men whose will to power was weak and tired. The difference between Nietzsche and Fromm is grounded on the fact that Fromm accepts the enlightenment humanism that advocates the cosmopolitan love, while Nietzsche is critical against it. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paret, Christoph T1 - Ironien des Anti-Autoritären. Eine Relektüre von Richard Sennetts Autorität JF - Clemens, M., et al. (Eds.), Die Wiederkehr des autoritären Charakters. Transatlantische Perspektiven, ed. by Manuel Clemens, Thorben Päthe and Marc Petersdorff, Wiesbaden (Springer SV) 2022, pp. 247-276. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 쇼펜하우어의 형이상학적 욕망론에 대한 고찰 [Schopenhauer’s Metaphysical View of Desire] JF - 철학사상[The Journal of Philosophical Ideas], No. 36 (2010), pp. 85-119. N2 - 이 글은 쇼펜하우어의 욕망관과 그것이 갖는 문제점을 살펴보고 이러한 문제점을 어떻게 극복할 수 있는지를 살펴보고 있다. 쇼펜하우어의 철학은 인간 뿐 아니라 모든 존재자들이 자기보존에의 욕망과 종족보존에의 욕망에 의해서 규정되고 있으며 이러한 욕망들은 물자체로서의 의지의 표현이라고 보고 있다. 그리고 쇼펜하우어는 각 개체들과 종족들은 자신들의 무한한 욕망을 충족시키기 위해서 서로 투쟁하고 갈등하는 바 이러한 세계는 생각할 수 있는 세계 중에서 최악의 세계라고 보았다. 쇼펜하우어는 욕망을 극복하는 궁극적인 방법으로 이성에 의한 의지부정을 내세우고 있다. 그런데 이는 이성을 자기보존과 종족보존에의 욕망의 도구로 보는 자신의 철학적 입장과 모순될 뿐 아니라 그의 철학이 이성과 욕망을 서로 대립하는 것으로 보는 전통적인 이원론의 입장으로 전락하게 되는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하면서 인간의 욕망을 고찰하는 보다 설득력있는 입장으로서 이 글에서는 말미에서 프롬의 욕망관을 간략히 살펴보고 있다. 프롬은 쇼펜하우어나 서양의 전통적인 이원론적인 입장이 주장하는 것처럼 이성과 욕망이 대립하는 것이 아니라 오히려 생산적이고 긍정적인 욕망과 그것과 결합된 건강한 이성에 대해서 파괴적이고 부정적인 욕망과 그것과 결합된 병적인 이성이 대립한다고 보았다. N2 - This article examines Schopenhauer’s view of desire, its problems and how we can cope with these problems. According to Schopenhauer, the lives of all beings inclusive of human beings are determined by their desire for preservation of the self and species; these desires are expressions of the cosmic Will as the thing-in-itself. In the world, all individual beings and species struggle against each another in order to satisfy their own infinite desires, and so this world is the worst world among the worlds that can be conceived. The way that Schopenhauer is advocating as the ultimate way of overcoming this desires is to negate desire by reason. However, this is not only contradictory to his own philosophical position, in which reason is see as an instrument of desire for the preservation of self and species, but also means that his philosophy is degraded to the traditional dualism that opposes the reason for desires. At the end of this article, we examine Erich Fromm’s view of desire briefly as a more persuasive position that copes with these problems. Fromm considered that reason is not opposed to desire, as Schopenhauer did; additionally western traditional dualism insists, that the productive and affirmative desires combined with sound reason are opposed to the destructive and negative desires combined with unsound reason. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palian-Kobiela, Ewelina T1 - Tożsamość i wolność w perspektywie postkolonializmu w >Mimesis< Pawła Huellego [Identity and Freedom in Postcolonial Perspective – >Mimesis< by Paweł Huelle] JF - Postscriptum Polonistyczne, No. 1 (2015), pp. 201-208. [ISSN 1898-1593] N2 - The aim of this work is to interpret – by means of the postcolonial strategy of reading – a short story titled Mimesis, published in Paweł Huelle’s collection: Opowieści chłodnego morza. This kind of interpretation reveals a choice of new perspectives, aiming at the healing of trauma by explaining the symptoms and revealing hidden facts. In Mimesis by Huelle, this happens due to the character’s narration. The author of the article presents a process of the characters identity creation during their encounters with different cultures (Huelle exemplifies a multicultural mosaic in his short story). All the way through the imagery of the characters, the author of the article enhances the main axiological features and describes the process of identity creation, thus an act of liberating oneself from restrictions of one’s own culture. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panciewicz, Pjotr T1 - Poglądy Ericha Fromma zawarte w książce pt.: >Wojna w Człowieku< [Erich Fromm's Views Contained in the Book >War in Man<] JF - Boguslav Stelcer et al. (Eds.): Zdrowy człowiek i społeczeństwo w wizjach Alberta Schweitzera i Ericha Fromma], Poznań (Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań), Poland 2012, 206-211. N2 - Dr. Pankiewicz’s paper focuses on the depiction of Erich Fromm’s character and views. The subject of the author's analysis is the work of Fromm entitled >War in Man< (the author is the initiator of the Polish edition of this book). The paper raises both the issues of the presented book, as well as Fromm's views, which can be found in reading the paper. Dr. Pankiewicz points out that >War in Man< is a very important voice of warning against nuclear threat, while pointing to the paradoxical fact that the main source of danger to humanity is currently man himself - that the element of self-destruction lies within us. The author introduces to the reader the universal issues of life and death, so characteristic for Fromm's thought, citing pessimistic thoughts about the dimensions of human destructiveness. And although (as stated by the author himself) the take on the paper's issues is not optimistic, the guide and popularization of Fromm's reflections on the global nuclear threat is nowadays one of the most current issues. The text help us to better understand what was happening and is still happening before our eyes: It approximates the structure of modern man’s nature and the problems of interdependence of social and psychological factors, explains the essence of human aggressive behaviour, indicating the sources of these behav-iours. N2 - Der Text konzentriert sich darauf die Person und die Ansichten Erich Fromms zu veranschaulichen. Der Autor analysiert das Werk Fromms mit dem Titel >Der Krieg in dem Menschen< (der Autor ist der Initiator der polnischsprachig Ausgabe). Dr. Pankiewicz weist darauf hin, dass >der Krieg in dem Menschen< eine wichtige Stimme der Warnungen vor der Nuklearbedrohung darstellt. Der Autor zeigt den Widersinn auf, dass die Quelle der Hauptgefahr für den Menschheit der Mensch selbst ist. Die Elemente der Selbstzerstörung liegen in uns selbst. Der Autor bringt dem Leser die universelle Problematik des Leben und des Todes, die für das Denken Fromms charakteristisch ist. Der Text ermöglicht besser zu verstehen, was schon geschehen ist und was jetzt vor unserer Augen abläuft. Er stellt die Struktur des Charakters zeitgenössischen Menschen und die Problematik der gegenseitigen Beziehung der psychologischen und gesellschaftlichen Faktoren dar, erklärt das Wesen des aggressiven menschlichen Verhaltens und erläutert die Quelle dieses Verhaltens. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ah-cheong T1 - 여성의 자아구조에 대한 심리학적 고찰 [A psychological review on personality structure in female] JF - 한국심리학회지:여성 /The Korean Journal of Women Psychology, Vol 8, No. 1 (2003), pp. 1-17. [Print ISSN 1229-0726] [accesson.kr/kswp/assets/pdf/14003/journal-8-1-1.pdf] N2 - 본 논문에서는 여성의 자아구조에 대한 접근을 여성의 심리 내지 성격에 대한 접근으로 시도되었다. 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 프로이트를 위시하여 융, 아들러와 같은 정신의학자들은 물론 여성심리학자로 하는 호나이와 같은 여성심리학자들 조차 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 남성을 염두에 둔 생물학적인 측면을 지나치게 강조한 면이 지적되었다. 그러므로 여성의 자아와 정신구조에 대한 이해는 시대와 문화에 따라 크게 달라지는 것임으로 생리적이고 심리적인 측면만으로 단순화해서는 곤란하다는 것이다. 그리고 남성과 여성과의 관계 속에서 검토되어야 할 필요성이 지적되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 종전의 ‘남성 아니면 여성’이란 식으로 여성을 논할 것이 아니라 궁극적으로는 인간으로서의 여성론이 전개되어야 할 것을 강조하면서 여성의 자아에 대한 심리학적 측면을 연구함에 있어서도 여성의 생리적, 심리적 측면 이외에 사회적, 역사적 측면을 고려하여야 함을 강조하였다. N2 - In this article, those psychological aspects of ego in woman was examined as the purpose of this article was an investigation of female identity formation. Especially psychanalytic approaches including Freud, Jung Adler, Horney, Fromm and Erikson on the development of female ego which emphasized on sex differences were examined. It was found that those theories were wrong biases and had obvious weaknesses due to the biological basis for woman's inferior. From viewing the previous studies we can concluded that although women may view themselves as inadequate compared the man, the to so for societal reasons, not because they were born female, and if women feel unworthy, it is because they have been treated that way in male-dominated cultures. It was suggested that the reasonal and desirable approach of female ego have to consider the social and cultural aspect of the feminine psyche. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Goo-Yong T1 - 행복의 그림자: 자유와 폭력의 경계에서 [Shadow of Happiness: On the Boundary of Freedom and Violence] JF - 동서철학연구 (S.P.E.W) Studies in Philosophy East-West (SPEW), No. 70 (2013), pp. 5-33. [ISSN: 1225-1968] N2 - 이 글의 주된 목적은 행복 담론의 빛과 그림자를 밝히는 것이다. 이 과정에서 나는 자유의 최대화와 폭력의 최소화에 기여하는 행복론을 지향한다. 이를 위해 나는 먼저 자유와 폭력의 변증법적 관계를 기초로(1), 에피쿠로스와 아리스토텔레스의 행복론을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이 과정에서 나는 행복론이 불행한 의식에 빠지지 않으려면 행복과 불행의 이분법을 벗어나야 하며(2), 목적이나 수단이 아니라 과정으로서 행복을 권리의 지평에서 정당화해야 한다는 입장을 제시한다(3). 나아가 나는 프롬과 마르쿠제의 긍정 심리학과 부정 심리학의 경계에서 행복론이 상실된 자아를 찾아가는 과정이 되어야 한다고 논증한다(4). 마지막으로 나는 행복 담론이 자기침잠과 자기연민에서 나와 바깥으로 나아가는 과정이 되어야 한다는 것을 밝힌다(5). N2 - This article is designed to illuminate light and shadow in the discourse on happiness. In this process, I orient the discourse of happiness that maximizes freedom and minimizes the violence. To do this, I am first interested in the dialectical relation between freedom and violence (1). And I talk critically about Epicurus and Aristotle's position. In this conversation with them, I argue that the theory of happiness get out of the dichotomy of happiness and unhappiness, if it do not want to fall into the unfortunate sense (2). And from the horizon of the right, I attempt to justify the happiness as a process rather than the means and purpose (3). Furthermore, I try to demonstrate the necessity of happiness theory for the course to get back the lost ego from the boundary of the negative psychology and the positive psychology (4). Finally, I say that the discourse on happiness requires the process towards the outside out of self-pity and self-immersion (5). Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Jeong-Ae A1 - Oh, Ju-Won T1 - 사랑의 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구 [Study of the Development and Validation of the Scale of Love] JF - 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지 [Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art Humanities and Sociology], Vol. 9, No. 3 (2019), pp. 439-448. N2 - 본 연구의 목적은 사랑에 관한 기존 척도들의 한계를 보완하여 Fromm의 사랑의 개념을 이론적 바탕으로 기혼 남녀를 대상으로 하는 사랑의 척도를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저, 국내외 선행연구들을 고찰한 후 기존의 척도들의 한계점을 분석하고 이에 대한 대안으로 Fromm의 사랑의 개념을 제안하였다. Fromm의 사랑에 대한 구성 개념으로 6개 하위영역(자기애, 모성애, 부성애, 형제애, 이성애, 신의 사랑)을 축출하였다. 6개 하위척도에 적합한 기초 100문항을 개발한 후, 전문가들과의 논의를 거쳐 1차 예비문항에서 60문항이 선정되었다. 30~50대 기혼 남녀 324명을 대상으로 예비검사를 실시하여 문항분석, 탐색적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 거쳐 22문항이 제거되고, 868명을 대상으로 본 검사를 실시하여 문항분석, 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 거쳐 1문항이 제거되어 최종 38문항이 선정되었다. 개발된 사랑척도의 신뢰도 계수는 .72~.86 사이로 양호한 것으로 확인되었으며, 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 사랑의 척도의 한계점을 보완하고 심리발달 단계와 다양한 인간관계의 특성을 반영함으로써 국내외에서 처음으로 인간의 성장과 발달을 포함한 새로운 차원의 통합적 사랑의 개념을 제시하고 있다는 측면에서 그 의의가 있다. N2 - The purpose of this study is to develop a love scale based on the concept of Fromm's love as a rationale for married men and women in their 30s and 50s. After analyzing the domestic and foreign studies on love for research purposes, we analyze the limitations of the existing scale and propose Fromm's concept of love as an alternative. Six subscales were extracted from the constitutional concept of Fromm. Six subscales included self-love, motherly love, fatherly love, erotic love, brotherly love, love of God. First, after developing 100 basic items, 60 items were selected from the first preliminary question through expert discussion, and 324 married men and women were subjected to preliminary tests, followed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis 22 items were removed. For this test, data were collected from 868 subjects, followed by item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. One item was removed and the final 38 items were selected. The exploratory factor analysis to confirm the validity of the scale was composed of six factors of self-love, motherly love, fatherly love, erotic love, brotherly love, love of God with principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation method. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the factor structure between the constituents of love. The reliability coefficient of the developed love scale was found to be good between 72 – .86. The result of this study complemented the limits of the existing love scale and reflected the characteristics of psychological development and various human relations, and it is meaningful in terms of presenting a new concept of integrated love including human growth and development. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, In-Cheo T1 - 기술시대와 사랑의 윤리학: 후설, 하이데거, 프롬의 사랑론을 중심으로 [The Era of Technology and the Ethics of Love: Focusing on the Love Theory of Husserl, Heidegger, and Fromm] JF - 철학연구 [Journal of the Society of Philosophical Studies], No. 66 (2004), pp. 145-166. N2 - 문】현대의 기술시대를 특징짓는 것은 기술에 의한 인간의 획일적 지배이다. 이 속에서 인간은 기술의 노예가 된 채 기술체제에 순응하며 살아가기를 강요받는다. 그럼으로써 인간은 자신의 본성으로부터 멀어진 채 소외된 상태로 살아간다. 이러한 인간소외를 초래하는 기술시대의 극복을 위해서는 어떠한 형태의 윤리학이 필요할 것인가? 전통적인 윤리학이 기반을 두고 있는 이성에 대한 강조만으로는 나름대로 매우 합리적이고 주지주의적인 성격을 띠고 있는 기술시대의 전반적 경향에 대항하기에는 설득력이 부족하다. 기술시대에 가장 결여되어 있는 것은 인간의 감성이다. 그리고 기술시대의 윤리학은 여기에 호소해야만 하나의 설득력 있는 윤리적 대안으로 받아들여질 수 있을 것이다. 그런데 인간의 감성에 바탕을 두면서 동시에 기술시대에서 가장 필요로 하는 인간의 능력은 사랑이다. 따라서 기술시대에 대한 하나의 효과적인 윤리적 대안이 될 수 있는 것은 바로 사랑의 윤리학이다.그러면 기술시대에 적합한 사랑의 윤리학의 모델을 어디에서 찾을 것인가? 여기서 본 글이 고려 대상으로 삼은 철학자는 후설, 하이데거, 프롬이다. 세 사람 모두 기술시대에 대한 비판적 인식을 토대로 나름대로의 사랑론을 전개했다는 공통적 배경을 지닌다. 그러나 후설의 사랑론은 지나치게 이념적이고 추상적이라는 한계를 지닌다. 또한 하이데거의 사랑론은 구체성과 현실성을 담지하고 있다는 점에서는 후설에 비해 발전적이나 소극적이고 비의지적이라는 점이 단점으로 지적된다. 프롬의 사랑론은 양자의 단점이 비판적으로 극복된 것으로서 타자와의 결합을 지향하는 인간의 본성적 열망에 바탕을 두고 개인적 관념적 사랑이 아닌 사회적 현상으로서의 사랑의 가능성에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 그러므로 프롬의 사랑론은 기술시대에서 황폐화되고 있는 인간성 회복을 위한 구체적이고 현실적 있는 대안으로 적절하다. 기술시대의 사랑의 윤리학은 이러한 프롬식의 사랑론에 바탕을 둘 경우 타당한 이론으로 정립될 수 있다. N2 - What characterizes the modern age of technology is the uniform domination of humans by technology. In this context, humans are forced to live as slaves to technology and conform to the technological system. In this way, human beings are separated from their nature and live in an alienated state. What form of ethics will be needed to overcome the technological age that causes human alienation? The emphasis on reason, on which traditional ethics is based, is not convincing enough to oppose the general trend of the technological age, which is very rational and intellectualistic in its own way. What is most lacking in the age of technology is human sensibility. And the ethics of the technological age can only be accepted as a persuasive ethical alternative only by appealing to it. However, at the same time based on human sensibility, the most needed human ability in the age of technology is love. Therefore, it is the ethics of love that can be an effective ethical alternative to the age of technology. Then, where can we find a model of ethics of love suitable for the age of technology? The philosophers considered in this article are Husserl, Heidegger, and Fromm. All three have a common background in that they developed their own theory of love based on critical perceptions of the technological age. However, Husserl's theory of love has limitations in that it is too ideological and abstract. In addition, Heidegger's theory of love is more advanced than Husserl in that it contains concreteness and reality, but it is pointed out as a disadvantage in that it is passive and unwilling. Fromm's love theory focuses on the possibility of love as a social phenomenon, not as a personal ideal love, based on the natural aspiration of human beings toward bonding with others as critically overcoming the shortcomings of both. Therefore, Fromm's theory of love is appropriate as a concrete and realistic alternative for restoring humanity, which is being ravaged in the age of technology. The ethics of love in the technological age can be established as a valid theory if it is based on Fromm's theory of love. [Google translator, 11/2022] Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ju-taek T1 - 김수영 시의 소외 연구 [A Study on the Isolation of Kim Su-young’s Poems] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 현대문학이론연구 [The Journal of Modern Literary Theory], No. 74 (2018), pp. 175-207. N2 - 김수영은 1945년 등단한 뒤 현실과 자신과의 투쟁 속에서 고립과 무력감을 드러내며 자신의 정체성을 확인하고자 통찰로 가득한 절규들을 산문의 형식을 빌려 노래하 였다. 특히 김수영은 4.19를 기점으로 고립과 소외에서 벗어나기 위해 적극적으로 자유를 노래하며 현실의 처지를 설움이라고 상정하고 개인과 사회와의 통일을 좁히려는 노력을 계속해 왔다. 소외는 근대의 비인간화와 함께 인간의 문제를 상정하는 중요한 부면을 지니며 인간이 자신의 본질을 유지해야 한다는 의미를 지닌다. 본고에서는 김수영 시에 나타난 소외를 >문단과 자신의 시로부터의 소외<, >생활로부 터의 소외<, >자기 자신으로부터의 소외<로 나누어 살펴보고 이를 극복하기 위해 김수영이 >조화와 통일<을 가치로 삼았음을 밝히고자 하였다. 소외는 헤겔과 마르크스를 거쳐 하이데거 그리고 프롬에 이르기까지 근대의 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되었다. 하이데거는 기술 문명의 상황이 존재자를 인정하지 않는 상황에서는 허무와 불안에 빠질 수밖에 없다고 진단하며 개인이 관계하고 있는 것이 허망하다는 생각에 빠져 소외에 직면 한다고 말한다. 김수영이 등단 초기 박인환과의 불화와 자신의 시에 대한 무력감을 표현한 것은 고립감을 드러내는 것이었다. 또한 생활에 있어서 번역 일을 하면서 이를 청부 번역이라고 한 것이나 마포구 구수동으로 이사한 뒤 닭을 키우며 자신은 변두리 인생이라는 자조에 빠진 것도 소외 때문이었다. 이와는 달리 자기 소외는 자신을 부정적으로 인식 하고 있다는 점에서 신경증적 증후를 드러낸다. 해방과 4.19 그리고 5.16과 같은 시대적 상황은 김수영에게 있어 설움과 비애와 같은 감정적 인식뿐만 아니라 자유, 정의, 양심과 같은 형이상학적 관념들을 요구했다. 그러나 김수영이 소외에 빠진 것은 결국 현실과 사유라는 비동일적 간극 때문이었다. 소외는 소외되기 전의 상황과 소외된 이후의 상황은 다르다. 김수영은 누구보다도 자신에 대해 깊이 있게 성찰한 시인이었다. 그는 한시도 자신을 방임하지 않았다. 현실과의 싸움만큼 자신과의 싸움을 멈추지 않았다. 현실과 시에 대해 상대적 완성과 절대적 완성을 탐색하고자 끊임없이 자신을 나아가게 했다. 그 도정을 통해 그는 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 원리로 삼으며 소외를 극복하고자 하였다. 김수영이 리얼리즘과 모더니즘의 두 이즘 사이에서 균형을 이룬 것도 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 궁극 원리로 삼았기 때문에 가능한 것이었다. N2 - After Kim Su-young started his literature career in 1945, he wrote a prose of percent-filled cries with insights to confirm his identity by showing his isolation and helplessness in his struggle with himself and reality. Especially, since April 19, Kim Su-young has continued efforts to narrow the gap between individuals and society by actively singing freedom to escape isolation and alienation, calling the situation as sorrow. With the dehumanization of modern world, Isolation has an important side of putting human issues on the table and means that humans must maintain their own nature. This paper divided the isolation of Kim Su-young into >Isolation from literary world and himself’s poem<, >Isolation from life<, >solation from himself<. After these works, this paper want to figure out that to overcome these isolation, Kim Su-young has valued on >harmony and unity<. Isolation has emerged as an important modern issue from Hegel and Marx to Heidegger and Erich Fromm. Heidegger believes that the situation of technology civilization is bound to fall into vain and unstable when it does not recognize being. And also he said that individuals would encounter isolation indulging thinking that relationship is vain. When Kim Su-young expressed his feud with Park In-hwan and his lack of power over his poetry in the early days of his debut, Kim Su-young displayed his sense of isolation. While working as a translator for his life, he called it >contract translation< and while raising chickens after moving to Gusu-dong, Mapo-gu, he called himself as >Outsider life<, because of his isolation. On the other hand, self-isolation has neurological syndrome in that he sees himself negatively. Historical situations such as liberation, April 19, and May 16 called for metaphysical notions such as freedom, justice and conscience as well as emotional awareness such as sadness and sorrow to Kim Su-young. But the reason that Kim Su-young fall into isolation is, finally, a non-equally gap between reality and ideal. Before and after situation of isolation is different. Kim Su-young was a poet who deeply reflected on himself. He never neglect himself for a moment. He did not stop struggling with himself like struggling with reality. He made himself constantly to explore relative and absolute completion of reality and poetry. Through this course, he sought to overcome isolation by making harmony and unification a principle of reality and poetry. Kim Su-young’s balance between realism and modernism was also possible because he took harmony and unification as the ultimate principles of reality and poetry. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chong Tai T1 - 자아실현의 관점에서 본 친생명교육 [Pro‐life Education from the Perspective of Self‐Realization] JF - 생명연구 [Studies on Life and Culture], Vol. 19 (2011), pp. 11-48. N2 - 이 논문은 대학생의 생명을 위한 교육을 자아실현의 관점과 연결하여 이론적으로 논구하고 그 실천적인 방법을 제안하려는데에 목적을 둔다. 나는 우선 삶의 목적, 자아실현, 행복개념등의 상호관련성을 살펴보려고 한다. 다음으로 전통적 및 현대적 덕목들이 자아실현을 위해 활용될 수 있는 구체적인 방법으로서 >긍정 심리학<과 >행복 심리학<의 응용가능성을 제시한다. >생명개념<에 관한 정의나 이해방식은 참으로 다양하다. 그러므로 학제적 연구를 통하여 통합적인 이해를 제공해야한다. >생명현상<은 생물학을 비롯한 자연과학과 의학등의 탐구대상이고 >생명의 본질<은 철학적 이론과 기타 인문과학의 연구대상이다. 물론 여러 고등 종교에서도 각기 경전과 교리에 토대를 두고 생명의 본질에 대한 질문에 해답을 제공한다. 오늘날 생명의 의의와 존엄성을 드높이려는 교육과 운동에서 내걸고 있는 >생명의 문화<는 >죽음의 문화<의 반대개념이다. 죽음의 문화는 모든 생명을 경시하는 의식과 풍조에서 싹트고 이기주의, 쾌락주의, 물질주의가 그 온상이다. 현대사회에서 만연된 죽음의 문화는 생명의 문화로 바뀌어야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 각자의 도덕적 자각과 제도의 개선을 통하여 생명문화의 건설에 박차를 가해야 할 것이다. 여기서 우리의 삶의 방식은 에리히 프롬이 말한대로 >소유의 삶<이 아니라 >존재의 삶<이어야 할 것이다. 생명을 위한 교육은 교양교육의 범위에서 모든 대학생들에게 실시하는 것이 바람직하다. N2 - This study is designed to theoretically discuss pro‐life education for college students from the perspective of self‐realization and to propose practical measures. First examined will be the relationship among objectives of life, self‐realization and the concept of happiness. Based on the examination, possibilities of applying >positive psychology< and >psychology of happiness< will be demonstrated as concrete measures to utilize conventional and modern virtues in achieving self‐realization. Considering that different studies have reached different definitions of the >concept of life<, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept through consilient research. The >phenomenon of life< is the subject on which natural science, including biology, and medicine fields have studied, and the >nature of life< has been that of philosophy and other humanities. Most advanced religions have also provided solutions to the question of the nature of life, based on their own scripture and theories. The >culture of life< that today’s education and movements proclaim to promote the importance and dignity of life stands at the opposite side of the spectrum from the >culture of death<, which is born by the attitude of devaluing life, and raised by egoism, hedonism and materialism. It is time that the >life culture< should replace the >death culture< that is prevalent in the modern society. To this end, it is required to spur to nourish the culture of life by morally enlightening ourselves and improving social institutions. As Erich Fromm said, the way of our life shall be a >life to be<, not a >life to possess<. It is desirable to provide pro‐life education to all college students as a general education. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ho-jin T1 - 멕시코 사신 숭배(Culto a la Santa Muerte)의 성격과 盛行의 정신분석학적 원인 분석 [Las características del culto a la Santa Muerte y su análisis psicoanalítico] JF - 중남미연구 [KJLACS – Korean Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies], Vol. 28, No. 1 (2009), pp. 245-276. N2 - El culto a la Santa Muerte es una creencia secular que se incrementa con gran rapidez en el México del 2009 actual y la presente tesina trata primeramente del origen de su culto, su relación con la iglesia católica- ortodoxa y sus características. Posteriormente, se analiza este tema desde un enfoque psicoanalítico. En base a la teoría de C.G. Jung, se aclara que el culto es la >sombra(término de Jung)< del neoliberalismo aparecida en el subconsciente colectivo mexicano.También se expone que los aztecas tenían una tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< en su religión primitiva según Erich Fromm. Y como conclusión, planteo cuatro premisas. Primero, el culto actual de Santa Muerte proviene de la tradición europea de la Danza Macabre, no obstante, la iglesia católica no reconoce su legitimidad. Segundo, el culto tiene cuatro principales características: 1. el sintetismo entre lo europeo y lo indígena, 2. el culto que se enfoca más en la vida mundana, 3. el culto como religión del mercado en el sentido de que se comercializa el culto, 4. el pánico por la muerte. Tercero, el culto se propaga por la crisis económica causada por el neoliberalismo. Los marginados que no fueron beneficiarios de la globalización han acogido este culto como >sombra< del neoliberalismo subconscientemente. A pesar de la tradición europea, la tendencia hacia la >necrofilia< ocultada en el subconsciente colectivo de los mexicanos resucita o intensifica esta >sombra<. Cuarto, el culto tiene ambivalencia como tabú. En otra palabras, tiene dos lados positivo y negativo. El positivo radica en que el culto absorbe y consuela a los marginados afectados por la globalización y el negativo es que el culto es una alerta roja a la sociedad mexicana. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Han-na T1 - Feeling lethargic too often? Two books offer advice JF - The Korea Herald, 23. February 23 (2022). Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Chan-Kook T1 - 목적론적 입장에서 본 행복: 아리스토텔레스와 프롬을 중심으로 [Happiness from a teleological perspective: Focusing on Aristotle and Fromm] JF - 동서사상 학술저널 [Academic Journal of East-West-Thought], Vol. 11 (2011a), pp. 1-28. [Print ISSN 1975-5279] N2 - 이 연구는 플라톤에서 아리스토텔레스, 그리고 토마스 아퀴나스와 헤겔에 이르는 서양철학의 고전적 전통을 지배했던 목적론에 입각하여 행복이라는 문제에 대해서 고찰하려고 한다. 이러한 목적론은 인간을 비롯한 모든 존재자들이 자신들에게 주어져 있는 본질적인 형상을 실현하는 것을 목표한다고 보는 본질실현의 목적론이다. 이러한 본질실현의 목적론은 근대에서 지배적인 영향력을 행사했던 자기보존의 목적론과는 달리 모든 존재자들은 단순한 자기보존이나 종족번식을 넘어서 자신에게 부여된 본질적인 형상을 구현하는 것을 목표한다고 본다. 본 연구는 인간의 행복은 이러한 본질실현의 목적론을 전제로 할 경우에만 제대로 구명될 수 있다고 보면서, 이러한 사실을 본질실현의 목적론에 입각하여 인간을 파악했던 가장 대표적인 사상가인 아리스토텔레스와 에리히 프롬의 행복관을 고찰함으로써 입증하고자 했다. N2 - This research aims to inquire into the issue of happiness on the basis of the teleology that dominated the history of the Western philosophy from Plato to Hegel. According to this teleology, all beings try to realize their essential forms given by the nature. I think that the happiness of the human beings can be brought to light well only if we presuppose the teleology. This research sought to prove this thought by considering the most representative thinkers, Aristotle and Erich Fromm that investigated the human beings on the basis of teleology. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlak, Piotr T1 - Działalność pokojowa Alberta Schweitzera w kontekście problemu terroryzmu atomowego [Albert Schweitzer's Peace Activity in the Context of the Nuclear Terrorism Problem] Albert Schweitzers Friedensarbeit im Kontext des Atomterrorismus] JF - Boguslav Stelcer et al. (Eds.): Zdrowy człowiek i społeczeństwo w wizjach Alberta Schweitzera i Ericha Fromma, Poznań (Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań), Poland 2012, 51-67. N2 - The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes – which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein headed), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more The text considers the problem of Albert Schweitzer's fight to stop the development of nuclear weapons, in view of the problem of modern international terrorism. Special services in many countries for some time gains information about the efforts of various terrorist organizations to obtain nuclear weapons (or components and knowledge needed to produce it). To determine the risk there was establish a term: 'nuclear terrorism', and many actions (legal and operational) are taken in order to prevent this phenomenon. Currently no one questions the clear negativity of nuclear terrorism, so it's worth to think about its structure and causes - which arise from human destructiveness. The element of self-destruction, present in human nature manifested itself particularly strongly with the invention of weapon with such great power of destruction, which is a nuclear weapon. Albert Schweitzer noticed an element of self-destruction, calling it 'an inhuman way of thinking' and actively engaged in a worldwide campaign against nuclear armament. The main reason which cause the Doctor of Lambaréné to take this activity, was to draw the attention of world public opinion on the negative effects of nuclear test-explosions. However, during the exploration of issues (in which he was supported by eminent specialists in the field of nuclear physics, with Albert Einstein at the helm), Schweitzer discovered a much more serious danger threatening all of humanity. This text is an attempt to answer the question about the topicality of peace appeals made by him in the 50's and 60's. The author reminds the risks associated with the development of nuclear weapons and technology in Schweitzer's times and at the present time, trying to outline the basic differences between them. Today, more and more. N2 - In diesem Text geht es um den Kampf Alberts Schweitzers um ein Ende der Entwicklung der Atomwaffen; dies unter Berücksichtigung der Probleme des gegenwärtigen internationalen Terrorismus. Das Element der Selbstzerstörung, das in der menschlichen Natur liegt, tritt besonders dadurch zutage, dass eine Waffe mit derart großer Zerstörungskraft erfunden wurde. Albert Schweitzer erkannte diese Elemente der Selbstzerstörung und bezeichnete sie als >unmenschliche Denkweise<. Albert Schweitzer engagierte sich für die weltweite Kampagne gegen die Nuklearbewaffnung. Dieser Text ist der Versuch einer Antwort auf die Aktualität seiner Friedensappelle, die Schweitzer in den 50er- und 60er-Jahren verfasst hat. Der Autor erinnert an die Bedrohung durch die Entwicklung der Atomwaffen in der Zeit von Albert Schweitzer und heute und fragt: Sind Schweitzers Aktivitäten für Frieden für die heutigen Probleme der modernen Zivilisation wichtig? Hängt die Anti-Atom-Rhetorik der 50er und 60er-Jahre in irgendeiner Weise mit dem Problem des postmodern Nuklearterrorismus zusammen? Und beantwortet diese Fragen bestätigend. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patania, Stefano Luca T1 - Le radici etico-umanistiche dell’Health Coaching: a supporto del distress del caregiver JF - NEU aggiornamenti, Marzo 2023, pp. 50-62. N2 - La finalità della ricerca è scoprire strumenti efficaci atti a supportare e istruire i caregivers a fronte di situazioni di difficoltà, anche dal punto di vista etico, come il distress morale. È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura dedicata al collegamento tra comportamento morale e le neuroscienze. Successivamente si sono studiati i principali modelli di Coaching con finalità Etiche, in quanto progressivo distacco dal modello di Coaching legato alla Performance. Una volta stabilite le affinità, si è svolta una ricerca filologica tra i principali autori di Etica Umanistica per individuare le radici autentiche di un Health Coaching volto a definire i principi fondamentali di un potenziamento del Benessere. N2 - The aim of the research is to discover effective tools to support and educate caregivers in the face of difficult situations, including from an ethical point of view, such as moral distress. A literature review devoted to the link between moral behavior and neuroscience was performed. Subsequently, the main models of Coaching with Ethical purposes were studied, as a progressive detachment from the Coaching model linked to Performance. Once the affinities were established, a philological research was carried out among the main authors of Humanistic Ethics to identify the authentic roots of a Health Coaching aimed at defining the fundamental principles of an enhancement of Well-being. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pazdera, Martin T1 - O vzťahu kultúry a environmentálnej krízy [About the relationship between culture and the environmental crisis] JF - Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne, Vol. 19, No. 4 (2015), pp. 177-186. [ISSN 1898-0171] N2 - The present article aims to reflect on the relationship of man to nature, namely the relationship of culture and environmental crisis. The following considerations are largely based on the one hand, the concept of evolutionary ontology Šmajs Joseph, on the other hand, the idea of Erich Fromm that in the context of the environmental crisis and its relation to culture and humanity offer attractive incentives for reflection. %is concerns in particular the attempt to develop a more moderate approach that could serve as an acceptable platform for further reflection on this issue. While such an approach is based on the traditional view on this issue, which in the last century attempted to justify the extension of moral respect to all living flesh, no response yet on their weaknesses and try to give new impetus to the still current discourse. Therefore your attention article focuses on reflection on the transformation of culture that in these contexts, the words ŠMAJS appears to be an evolutionary possibility and an existential necessity. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parker, Martin T1 - Hard lessons: (Critical) Management Studies and (Critical) Work and Organizational Psychology JF - Journal Psychologie des Alltagshandelns / Psychology of Everyday Activity, Vol. 16 (No. 1, 2023), pp. 54-59. N2 - This short paper explores what lessons Critical Work and Organizational Psychology (CWOP) might learn from the rise of Critical Management Studies (CMS) thirty years ago. I begin by exploring the conditions of possibility for CMS, before providing a history of how it grew and institutionalized. Despite its >success<, I describe how partial, parochial and positional it was, and open a gap between its achievements within some Business Schools and its relative invisibility outside them. I conclude with some challenges for CWOP, in the spirit of learning from CMS. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patania, Stefano Luca T1 - Il profondo legame tra il pensiero di Erich Fromm e il fondamento etico e pratico dell’Health Coaching. Presentation at Meeting-Lab dell’Associazione Italiana Health Coaching (AIHC), Torino, 8 ottobre 2022, 6 pp. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Youngkyun T1 - 역사적 트라우마의 치유론 정립을 위한 모색: 역사적 트라우마의 치유에 관한 속류화와 혼란들을 넘어 [The Study for the Function of Healing Theory on Historical Trauma: Beyond the Vulgarization and Confusion about the Healing of Historical Trauma] JF - 시대와 철학 [Epoch and Philosophy – A Journal of Philosophical Thought in Korea], Vol. 33, No. 1 (2022), pp. 115-144. N2 - 이 글은 우선, 역사적 트라우마가 프로이트의 정신분석학과 어떻게 다른가를 논의하는 데에서 출발하고 있다. 둘째로, 이 글은 정신분석학이라 는 범주 안에서 프로이트와 다른 정신분석학들이 어떻게 다른지를 논의하 면서 트라우마와 관련하여 프로이트의 정신분석학이 가진 문제점을 비판적 으로 다루고 있다. 셋째, 프롬의 사회심리학을 다루면서 역사적 트라우마에 관한 정신분석이 가진 특징을 제시할 것이다. 이런 논의 하에 이 글은 넷 째, 역사적 트라우마의 치유 방향을 제시하고 있다. 이 글에서 제시하는 역사적 트라우마의 특징은 다음의 세 가지이다. ①원초적 트라우마에 반해 후천적 트라우마이며 ②직접 체험하지 않은 2차적 트라우마화라는 점에서 간접적이고, ③체험 당사자 주변을 넘어서 세대 집단 간의 전이를 유발한다는 점이다. 따라서 역사적 트라우마에 대한 정신 분석은 사회심리학과 다르다. 또한, 그렇기에 치유도 역사적 트라우마가 유 발하는 PTSD가 유발하는 장애로서 >트리거<들을 제거하는 것이자 민족공동 체 간의 리비도적 흐름을 창출하는 것이다. N2 - This article first starts with discussing how historical trauma differs from Freud's psychoanalysis. Second, this article critically deals with the problems of Freud's psychoanalysis in relation to trauma while discussing how Freud and other psychoanalysis differ within the category of psychoanalysis. Third, while dealing with Fromm's social psychology, we will present the characteristics of psychoanalysis of historical trauma. Based on these discussions, fourth, this article suggests the direction of healing of historical trauma. The characteristics of historical trauma presented in this article are as follows. (1) In contrast to the original trauma, it is indirect in that it is an acquired trauma (2) It is an acquired trauma as opposed to the original trauma, (3) it is indirect in that it is a secondary trauma that has not been experienced directly, and (4) it causes a transfer between generation groups beyond those who experienced it. Therefore, psychoanalysis of historical trauma is different from social psychology. Also, for this reason, healing is removing the >triggers< as a disorder induced by PTSD caused by historical trauma and creating a libido flow between national communities. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pavón-Cuéllar, David T1 - The Freudo-Marxist Tradition and the Critique of Psychotherapeutic Ideology JF - Psychotherapy and Politics International, Vol. 12, No.3 (2014), pp. 208-219. [Online ISSN 1556-9195] [doi.org/10.1002/ppi.1336] N2 - The ideology of psychotherapy is questioned through critical concepts taken from the Freudo-Marxist tradition. The paper first analyses in detail six determinant ideological processes detected in psychotherapy that three pioneers of Freudo-Marxism criticised in the 1920s: dualistic scission and metaphysical immobilisation (Luria); idealist generalisation and mechanistic determination (Bernfeld); and repressive adaptation and historical decontextualisation (Reich). Following this, it briefly reviews seven paired analogous processes that were denounced by continuators of the Freudo-Marxist tradition: valorative moralisation and the psychologisation of the social (Fenichel); instinctual–rational deprivation and the mechanisation of the subject (Adorno); alienating performance and surplus repression (Marcuse); manipulation and dehumanising alienation (Fromm); abstraction and mythologising (Bleger); authoritarianism and suggestion (Caruso); and depoliticisation and rationalisation (Langer). The argument will show how Freudo-Marxist questionings of these operations – many now forgotten – are still current and can be inspiring and enriching for a modern critique of psychotherapy. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paszenda, Iwona T1 - Praca, życie rodzinne, społeczeństwo, edukacja. O codzienności w optyce koncepcji Ericha Fromma i Theodorea Bramelda [Work, Family Life, Society, Education. Everyday Life from the Perspective of the Concepts of Erich Fromm and Theodore Brameld] JF - Wychowanie w Rodzinie, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2016), pp. 71-84. N2 - The aim of this paper is to portray the influences of cultural processes on the professional and family life of the modern, Western societies. The text contains the review of the literature on the subject depicting the symptoms of reconciling career with family life. With reference to the analyses conducted by Erich Fromm and Theodore Brameld, a diagnosis of social conditions contributing to disorders of the work – family life balance is put forward. The summary embraces number of conclusions that should be addressed to the overall sphere of education. Consequently, the purpose of the teachers’ work should not exclusively concern relaying specialist knowledge to pupils whom which they teach, nor preparing young people to the work, as the key task is rather to >teach human beings how to be a man, how to reach the level of a complete, coherent personality at peace with others<. Thus, in order to support a well-balanced functioning of the society, education must have an effective influence on the process of establishing standards of the >art of being< in world of the daily life. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peciccia, Maurizio A1 - et al., T1 - Sense of self and psychosis, part 2: A single case study on amniotic therapy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 237-248. N2 - Some people diagnosed with schizophrenia show an alteration of the sense of self. From a psychodynamic perspective, it has been hypothesized they have disorders of the integration of self/other identification/differentiation processes. From a neuroscientific view some with this diagnosis present dysfunctions in neural correlates of representation of self from other (the implicit sensorimotor-based bodily self), and self united with other. In >Sense of self and psychosis, part 1< we discussed scientific literature offering empirical evidence for the psychodynamic clinical observations that patients with diagnoses of psychoses didn’t receive adequate early infancy parental care and sufficient affective-sensorial/tactile interactions. Introducing parental care/cutaneous interactions seemed relevant in the analytic treatment of psychoses, as the pioneers of the psychoanalytic approach to psychosis suggested. From this theoretical basis we developed amniotic therapy, which reproduces the affective-tactile interactions of early infancy, insufficient in cases of psychosis, and aims at integrating the processes of differentiation and identification. We present a single case study of an experimental intervention plan including amniotic therapy. Results showed increases in interoception and global functioning, with significant decreases in positive symptoms suggesting that amniotic therapy contributes to increasing the protective strength of self-boundaries and integration of identification/differentiation processes. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peciccia, Maurizio A1 - et al., T1 - Sense of self and psychosis, part 1: Identification, differentiation and the body; A theoretical basis for amniotic therapy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 226-236. N2 - We will describe in two articles (>Sense of self and psychosis<, 1 and 2) the theoretical basis and the methodology of a new therapeutic group approach called amniotic therapy, which aims to improve the sense of self of psychotic patients. In this first article we explore the role of the surface of the body and its early sensorimotor interactions in the processes of self/other identification and differentiation. We propose that these processes have common origins, the body surface and its interactions, but different destinies, depending on where the body’s surface is projected. When it is projected intrapsychically we have differentiation, and when it is projected externally onto the body’s surface of the other, we have identification. Identification is a reciprocal process, in which the self’s and the other’s surfaces mutually contain each other and co-create a shared field. The neural correlates of identification and differentiation are discussed. The second article, which follows, describes amniotic therapy and explores a single case study. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Anregungen zu einer Psychoanalyse des europäischen >Rechtsrucks<. Paper to be published online, Berlin 2014. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Suggestions for a Psychoanalysis of Europe’s Shift to the Right. Tranlsation of Peglau_A_2014. Paper to be published online, Berlin 2015. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - Sul potere e sull’impotenza della filosofia JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 225-236. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - Acerca del poder y la impoten¬cia de lá filosofía JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 220-231. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pejović, Danilo T1 - On the Power and Impotence of Philosophy (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 1, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 235-247. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peixoto Junior, Carlos Augusto T1 - O objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social. || This essay aims at making a brief analysis of Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's contributions which, in some way, helped to formulate a psychoanalytic theory of social perversion. To this end, we have gone through a number of their works, where key concepts such as sexual economy, authoritarian character, performance principle and repressive de-sublimation were analysed in order to assess to what extent they can be used as operating concepts in the analysis of some perverse social phenomena. The essay also presents critiques and certain solutions proposed by the authors, showing how the paths followed lead to two models of sexual and social utopia. || Le but de cet essai est faire une breve analyse des apports de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm et Herbert Marcuse, qui ont en quelque façon contribué à Ia fonnulation d'une théorie psychanalytique de Ia perversion sociale. Dans ce sens, on a parcouru quelques de ses oeuvres analysant des concepts-clé, comme ceux de l'économie sexuelle, du caractere autoritaire, du principe de performance et désublimation répressive, pour évaluer jusqu'à quel point ils peuvent être utilisés comme opérateurs conceptuels dans l'analyse de quelques phénomenes sociaux perverso L'essai présente aussi critiques et certaines solutions proposées par les auteurs indiquant comment les chemins suivis arrivent à deux modeles d'utopie sexuelle et sociale. JF - Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro), Vol. 8, No. 1 (1998), pp. 101-121. [Online ISSN 1809-4481] [scielo.br/j/physis/a/KsgwqnmK3tfJyc3t6rjQ5mF/?format=pdf&lang=pt] N2 - O objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social. N2 - This essay aims at making a brief analysis of Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's contributions which, in some way, helped to formulate a psychoanalytic theory of social perversion. To this end, we have gone through a number of their works, where key concepts such as sexual economy, authoritarian character, performance principle and repressive de-sublimation were analysed in order to assess to what extent they can be used as operating concepts in the analysis of some perverse social phenomena. The essay also presents critiques and certain solutions proposed by the authors, showing how the paths followed lead to two models of sexual and social utopia. N2 - Le but de cet essai est faire une breve analyse des apports de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm et Herbert Marcuse, qui ont en quelque façon contribué à Ia fonnulation d'une théorie psychanalytique de Ia perversion sociale. Dans ce sens, on a parcouru quelques de ses oeuvres analysant des concepts-clé, comme ceux de l'économie sexuelle, du caractere autoritaire, du principe de performance et désublimation répressive, pour évaluer jusqu'à quel point ils peuvent être utilisés comme opérateurs conceptuels dans l'analyse de quelques phénomenes sociaux perverso L'essai présente aussi critiques et certaines solutions proposées par les auteurs indiquant comment les chemins suivis arrivent à deux modeles d'utopie sexuelle et sociale. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Álvarez, Gonzalo T1 - Apuntes sobre las nociones de justicia presentes en las memorias de trabajadores de la Patagonia: ¿qué hace que nos rebelemos? [Notes on Notions of Justice in the Memories of Workers in Patagonia: What Makes Us Rebel?] JF - Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2022), pp. 705-725. [Online ISSN 2341-1112] [doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.2.16] N2 - A partir de los testimonios registrados en diversas entrevistas a trabajadores de la Patagonia argentina, exploro cuáles son las nociones de justicia y los valores morales que incidieron en ellos cuando decidieron rebelarse contra las condiciones de vida que sufrían cotidianamente. Se entretejen cuestiones vinculadas al género (y a la experiencia obrera sobre la conformación de una clase generizada), a no acceder a un mínimo disfrute de la vida o del tiempo libre, al «exceso» de explotación, a la transmisión generacional, entre otros factores. El trabajo retoma aportes tradicionales y los análisis sobre las nociones de justicia y autoridad pensadas, entre otros, por Erich Fromm y Jean Piaget. N2 - Based on the testimonies recorded in various interviews with workers in Argentine Patagonia, the present article examines those notions of justice and moral values that influenced their decision to rebel against the daily suffering of their living conditions. Woven into this examination are issues of gender (and the working experience of the formation of a gendered class), of barriers to basic standard of living or to leisure time, of the «excess» of exploitation, of transmission from generation to generation, and so forth. The article draws from traditional sources as well as analysing notions of justice and authority in the works of Erich Fromm and Jean Piaget, amongst others. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Jiayu A1 - Cui, Dan T1 - Who is the Ultimate Dream Weaver in John Keats’s >The Eve of St. Agnes?< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Communication, Society and Media, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2021), pp. 24-39. [Online ISSN 2576-5396] [doi.org/10.22158/csm.v4n3p24] N2 - Chinese abstract not available] This article aims to interpret dreams in John Keats’s narrative >The Eve of St. Agnes< from different perspectives: the Beadsman’s, Porphyro’s, Madeline’s and John Keats’s, the poet. We will analyze their functions respectively, and then draw a conclusion of Keats’s purpose in structuring such a way of weaving dreams. After summarizing studies and theories on dream and soul from the perspective of psychoanalysis and scholars’ views on >The Eve of St. Agnes<, we will continue to illustrate the ways in which John Keats constructs three layers of dreams with the pertinent approaches by Freud, Fromm, Lacan, Rank, Žižek, etc. so as to reveal John Keats’s viewpoints on life and death, dream and reality, and pleasure and pain. [Author's English] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pertiwi, Vina T1 - The Concept of Motherly Love in Margaret Widdemer's >The Watcher< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Lantern – Journal on English Language, Culture and Literature (Diponegoro University), Vol. 5, No. 1 (2016). N2 - Margaret Widdemer's >The Watcher< tells about how the watcher has wonderful love to her beloved. The purpose of this study is to analyze the intrinsic elements of the poem and the kind of love in the poem. The author uses psychological approach to prove that the love in this poem is between mother and her children based on Erich Fromm's theory of love. The author uses library research in her study for collecting the data. The author obtained the data and information related to the object from the books and internet source. The result of this study shows that the poem talks about the love of mother to her children. It can be categorized into motherly love. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrović, Gajo T1 - El hombre y la libertad JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 298-304. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrović, Gajo T1 - Man and Freedom (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 038-045. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peng, Liang T1 - An Interpretation of >Ragtime< by E.L. Doctorow from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. [doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000987] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Ragtime<, published in 1975, is the fourth novel written by Jewish-American novelist E. L. Doctorow, for which he was awarded >the 1976 National Book Critics Circle Award<. Doctorow focused on the important figures in three families to explore the fate of different classes in the United States, and he didn’t try to write a grand history of the entire United States to reflect that time. He perfectly presented three very different American family freedom dilemmas in >Ragtime<: One was a wealthy middle-class white family, the other was a Jewish family from European immigrants, and the last was a black family, which genuinely reproduced the microcosm of all classes in that era. At present, some scholars have explored >Ragtime< from different angles such as feminist criticism and new historicism. Because of its unique writing style and ingenious narrative techniques, there are also many scholars studying the narrative strategy of the novel. However, there is a lack of comprehensive comments on the dilemma of freedom of the protagonists, the mechanism to negative freedom and how to realize positive freedom in the novel. From the perspective of Fromm’s freedom theory, we can find that the freedom dilemma of an individual in modern society makes people confused. So manipulation and being manipulated, a desire to destroy, automaton conformity, and other mechanisms of negative freedom come into being. As for Fromm, to be a complete human being, to be truly free must be achieved through the spontaneous love and creative labor of the individual. Based on Fromm’s view of freedom, the interpretation of >Ragtime< is of guiding significance for individuals in today’s society to move from freedom dilemma to positive freedom. Ultimately, the liberation and free and all-around development of human beings is the highest value orientation for realizing a community with a shared future for mankind, which promotes the human beings to move towards a better tomorrow. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Matthijs T1 - Reification and the Duty to Work Through the Past: On Critical Theory and Temporality JF - New German Critique, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2020), pp. 107–138. [Online ISSN 1558-1462] [doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-8288153] N2 - This article focuses on the role that the notion of temporality can and should play in the tradition of Critical Theory. Following an overview of the critical analyses of time found in the works of Marx, Lukács, Weber, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse, the article analyzes Hartmut Rosa’s critique of social acceleration and argues that this critique lacks a firm normative basis. This basis is required, however, for one to claim why certain processes of social acceleration are wrong. It is shown that Rosa’s analyses of acceleration contain two suggestions for such a basis: autonomy understood as a narrative identity, and autonomy as defended by Honneth’s theory of recognition. After an exploration of both suggestions, in which the ideas of MacIntyre and Ricoeur are briefly discussed as well, it is argued that a combination of both may result in a specific, normative understanding of reification, which is defended against Honneth’s definition of this concept. Based on an interpretation of passages in Horkheimer and Adorno’s >Dialectic of Enlightenment< and Adorno’s notion of >working through the past<, the article claims that reification should be understood as a forgetting of the narratives that have shaped the self and the social structures under which this self is formed, and therefore as the inability to recognize the temporal dimensions of the autonomous self. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienazione, marxismo e umanesimo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 353-372. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienación, marxismo y humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 342-361. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Afàenação, Marxismo e Humanismo (Um ponto de vista cristão) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 324-346. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, Ernst Florian T1 - Alienation, Marxism, and Humanism (A Christian Viewpoint) (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 084-105. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaff, Adam T1 - Il marxismo e la filosofia dell’uomo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 165-175. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaff, Adam T1 - O Marxismo e a Filosofia do Homem JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 151-162. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schragmann, Hannah T1 - Produktivität neu denken. Vom Trennungs- zum Vermittlungsbegriff, Wiesbaden (Springer VS) 2024. [Online ISBN 978-3-658-43858-6] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43858-6_3] N2 - Nach diesem (eklektisch bleibenden) ideengeschichtlichen Überblick widmet sich das folgende Kapitel der Frage, wie ein humanistischer Produktivitätsbegriff aussehen könnte, der das Subjekt und dessen Selbst- und Weltbezug ins Zentrum stellt. Zu diesem Zweck soll in Kapitel drei auf die Theorien Erich Fromms und Hartmut Rosas zurückgegriffen werden, bevor in Kapitel vier Kriterien für einen humanistischen Produktivitätsbegriff definiert werden. Der Auswahl der Autoren liegt die These zugrunde, dass beide die Frage nach produktiver Selbstwerdung neu stellen und diese an der lebensweltlichen Erfahrung spiegeln. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreiber, Beate T1 - >Mein Vater war ein Kaufmann<. Zur Herkunfts- und Einwanderungsgeschichte der Familie von Lea Grundig JF - K. Krenzlin (Hg.), >Schreibe mir nur immer viel<. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hans und Lea Grundig. Ein Werkstattbericht Im Auftrag der Akademie der Künste, Berlin, und der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung hg. von Kathleen Krenzlin, Berlin und München (Deutscher Kunstverlag), 2022, pp. 121-154. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saunders, Betsy T1 - Review Fromm, E.: The Sane Society (1955a, English) JF - The American Scholar (The Phi Beta Kappa Society), Vol. 25, No. 1 (Winter, 1955-1956), pp. 119-120. Y1 - 1955 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedlacek, Stefanie T1 - Unresolved shadows: German encounters in the consulting room JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 1, 2022), pp. 012-023. N2 - The reunification of Germany took place in 1990. As an analyst brought up in the former West Germany, but practicing in Berlin, I have observed over and over again that patients who come from what used to be East Germany (German Democratic Republic) – even those born after 1990 – have a strong need to distinguish between East Germans and West Germans. In their minds, Germany seems still to be a divided country. A split identity appears to have been internalized, producing >West German< and >East German< racists who despise, in the >other< kind of German, a devalued aspect of what being German means. I have tried for many years to understand the hidden meanings of this defensive maneuver for the analytic couple, and beyond this for the relation between the East and West German societies. Here I discuss these unresolved shadows in German identity. Analyses in Germany may be dominated by the splits they provoke, which interfere with patients’ capacities to think. Patients may relate instead to a >German< object that is impersonal, nonempathic, and rejects the idea of an independent internal world. The defensive use of this object in the transference has to be continually worked through in the analysis. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweigmann-Greve, Kay A1 - Wallat, Hendrik T1 - Judentum und Sozialismus im Werk von Aaron Steinberg JF - Sans phrase - Zeitschrift für Ideologiekritik, Wien 2021, pp. 211-224. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrupp, Antje T1 - Schwangerwerdenkönnen. Wie erreichen wir reproduktive Gerechtigkeit? JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 28 / 2024, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 172-177. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 25 Y1 - 2024 VL - d28/2024m ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumm, Wilhelm T1 - Arbeiter und Angestellte am Vorabend des Dritten Reiches. Eine sozialpsychologische Untersuchung. JF - A. Honneth (Ed.), Schlüsseltexte der Kritischen Theorie, Wiesbaden (VS) 2006, pp. 156-159. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schultz, Hans Jürgen T1 - Prefazione T2 - E. Fromm, L’amore per la vita. Letture radiofoniche, a cura di Hans Jürgen Schultz, Milano (Arnoldo Mondadori Editore) 1984, pp. 5-8. Y1 - 1984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, Hans Jürgen T1 - Erich Fromm - Humanist ohne Illusion. Typescript, 11 pp. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Förg T1 - Besinnung in flexiblen Zeiten. Leibliche Perspektiven auf postmoderne Arbeit, Wiesbaden (Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) 2009, 278 pp. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scribner, Phillip H. T1 - Escape from Freedom and Dignity JF - Ethics, Vol. 83, No. 1 (Oct., 1972), pp. 13-36. Y1 - 1972 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ・フロム「自己実現」論の再構成 : 「持つこと」と「在ること」の連関に注目して [The Reconstruction of Erich Fromm's >Self-realization< Theory: Focusing on the Organic Relation between >To Have< and >To Be<] JF - [教育学研究 [The Japanese Journal of Educational Research], Vol. 76, No. 3 (2009), pp. 334-346. [doi.org/10.11555/kyoiku.76.3_334] N2 - 本稿の目的は、エーリッヒ・フロムの「自己実現」論を再構成し、その人間形成論的な可能性を提示することである。フロムはしばしば社会および人間を二つの位相に分けたうえで、片方を持ち上げてもう片方を非難するという論法を採用したが、従来それらは素朴な勧善懲悪的図式として理解される傾向にあった。だがその遺稿から明らかになったフロムによる初期マルクスへの直接的な参照は、そうしたフロムの方法論が決して単純な善悪二元論にはおさまらないことを示唆している。マルクスの言う私有財産の「止揚」プロセスとフロムの想定したこつの様式観が交わりあう過程とをそれぞれのテクストにより突き合わせていくことで、フロムの「自己実現」論は、発達の脱中心化を志向する近年の教育人間学的なモメントを理論レベルにおいて批判的に彫琢しうる、他とのつながりに開かれながらも「自己」へと再帰的に準拠する人間形成論として、新たに定位される。 N2 - The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct >Self-realization< theory of Erich Fromm (1900-1980) and to show the pedagogical potentiality through focusing on the dynamism of his methodized dichotomy. Erich Fromm used dichotomies repeatedly to analyze the composition of society and person. In fact, there were several instances such as >the nonproductive orientation< or >the productive orientation<, >necrophilia< or >biophilia<, and >to have< or >to be<. These ideas are usually thought to be simple dualism. In other words, these ideas are seen to have a naive character that one side of a problem is to be praised and the other side of the problem is to be criticized. So, many studies have pointed out critically that these ideas of Fromm tend to fall into excessive simplification and that he is a naive moralist. In pedagogy, the dichotomies of Fromm are always taken statically in the same way. Because those studies, most of which are developed as >Self-realization< theory, often set up a utopian goal unquestioningly, they have been unable to escape from the above-mentioned criticisms. However, can we find the depth which is beyond simple dualism in Fromm's way of presenting the dichotomy? We should not overlook the fact that Fromm has continued to criticize human reason as one of the members of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, and he did take it into account that persons and societies are full of contradictions. When we see Fromm says that one side of man is good and the other is bad, is it rather natural that we should assume some overlap behind his simple dualism? Assuming that his dichotomy has organic relation within, our understanding about his >self-realization< theory will be reformed to be more sound. On that concern, we take one of Fromm's dualistic ideas, >to have< and >to be,< and attempt to analyze the inner relation. For, this dualistic idea is thought to be the most representative and abstract one of Fromm's dualistic ideas. Actually, there are many examples to support this hypothesis on the ideas, >to have< and knowledge< seem to have some room to interpret his dualistic ideas and have organic relation with each other. Fromm refers to the possibility of the >productive< knowledge (= >being knowledge<) without overlooking the importance of the >non-productive< knowledge (= >having knowledge<). He thinks the latter knowledge can be changed to the former knowledge. Then, how does >the mode of having< develop to be >the mode of beingalienationto have< with the structure of private possession which Marx investigated. Throughout our examination to check the crossing between two forms with the process of >Aufhebung< of private property on their texts, Fromm's >self-realization< theory is redefined as the theory of the unique character-building driven by the unity with other people, which can critically reinforce pedagogical thoughts of decentralization at the conceptual level. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - O Socialismo É Um Humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 78-94. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - El socialismo como humanismo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 71-85. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Septiani, Pipit T1 - Orientasi Karakter Perilaku Aktivis Mahasiswa [Character Orientation of Students Activst Behavior] JF - E-Journal Bimbingan dan Konseling, Vol. 12 (2016), 636-646. [Online ISSN 2502-4450] [journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fipbk/article/viewFile/6248/6000] N2 - Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan adanya perilaku mahasiswa yang menarik diri dari lingkungan organisasi. Permasalahan yang diangkat oleh peneliti merupakan hasil tinjauan budaya dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan politik di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, memahami dan memaknai dikotomi eksistensial Erich Fromm dalam membantu subyek mengatasi alienasi organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sejumlah tiga orang mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data, lalu kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data, yaitu triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subyek AS dan ANU menggunakan orientasi karakter produktif dengan persentase sebesar 45,32 dan 22,37. Sedangkan subyek KJ menggunakan orientasi karakter nonproduktif dengan persentase sebesar -1,47. N2 - This study is based on the behavior of university student who withdrew from the organization environment. Set of problems which raised by the researcher is a result of culture consideration in implementation of political education at the State University of Yogyakarta. Therefore, this research aim to know, understand and interpret the Erich Fromm existential dichotomies to help subjects overcome alienation of organization. The research used a qualitative approach. The subject of research choosed by purposive sampling, as much as three students. Methods of data collection using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, display data, and conclusion. Test the validity of the data using triangulation data technique that was source triangulation and methods. The results showed that subjects ANU and AS used the productive orientation of character with a large percentage of 45.32 and 22.37. While the subject of KJ used nonproductive orientation of character with a large percentage -1.47. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - Il socialismo è un umanesimo JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 71-85. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, Léopold T1 - Socialism Is a Humanism (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 1, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 073-090. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seo, Eun-ju T1 - 냉전의 지식문화 – 1960 &1970년대 소외론을 중심으로 [The Knowledge Culture of Cold War in the 1960s & 1970s Focusing on Discourses of Alienation] JF - 민족문학사연구 [Journal of Korean Literary History], No. 67 (2018), pp. 397-430. N2 - 이 글은 1960∼1970년대 한국의 지식(문화)장에서 실현된 소외의 담론정치를 냉전의 지식문화사라는 계보 속에서 읽어내고자 한다. 프랑크푸르트학파의 담론이 파편적이고도, 편의적으로 재단되어 수용되었던 한국 지식장의 사회문화적 맥락을 검토하고, 그 가운데에서 특히 프롬과 마르쿠제의 소외론이 냉전체제 아래에서 비판적 지식인들에게 어떻게 전유되는지를 살펴본다. 또한 크리스찬아카데미의 『대화』를 통해 진보적 기독교 지식인들이 >인간화<라는 주제 아래 소외개념을 변용·확산시키는 과정과, 그들이 소외의 현장과 긴밀하게 접속됨으로써 반체제 인권운동으로 달려가는 상황도 분석한다. 또한 문학 영역의 소외론이 예술의 자율성을 둘러싼 오래된 논쟁으로 진영화하는 양상을 검토한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 냉전질서 속에서 산업화를 진행하였던 1960∼1970년대 한국 담론 장에서, 과연 소외론이 >저항담론<으로서 지식사회의 의식적 각성에 기여하였는지, 혹은 궁극적으로 대중사회·산업사회를 절대화하는 >위장된 저항담론<으로 기능하였는지를 가늠해 본다. N2 - This article intends to read the discourse politics of alienation realized in Korea’s knowledge / culture field of 1960s & 1970s in the genealogy of the knowledge / culture history of the Cold War. It examines the socio-cultural context of the Korean knowledge field, where the discourse of the Frankfurt School has been accepted as fragmented and cutting for convenience. In particular, this article focuses on how critical intellectuals appropriated to the alienation theory of Fromm and Marcuse under the Cold War system. In addition, through the Christian Academy’s DAEHWA (Dialogue) it analyzes that progressive Christian intellectuals transformed and spreaded the alienation concept under the theme of >humanization<, and analyzing the situation in which they committed them-selves to the human rights movements by being closely connected with the alienated field. In the aspect of the alienation of literature field, it examines the old debate surrounding the autonomy of art. In the Korean discourse of the 1960s and 1970s, when the Cold War era was industrialized through such a process, it became clear that the alienation theory contributed to awakening the conscious of the knowledge society as >Discourse of Resistance<, or to absolutizing Mass society & Industrial society as >Disguised Discourse of Resistance<. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ ・ フロム ノ 「 リセイテキ ケンイ 」 ガイネン ニ タイスル イチ コウサツ : キョウイク ニ オケル ケンイ ニ ツイテ ノ シロン [An Essay about Authority in Education: Focusing Erich Fromm's Thoughts on >Rational Authority<] JF - リベラル・アーツ [Liberal Arts], No. 8 (2014), pp. 39-51. [ISSN 18816746] [core.ac.uk/download/229829681.pdf] N2 - The aim of this article is to rethink the authority in education tentatively. For this purpose, this article pays attention to a conception called >rational authority<, which was presented by Erich Fromm (1900-80), who was famous sociopsychologist in the 20th century. Many studies of pedagogy or educational science have emphasized the need of the authority in education. But most of them tend to discuss a desirable quantity of the authority and do not fully have qualitative discrimination of the authority in educational fields. However, Erich Fromm's thoughts on authority seem to have potentiality for that qualitative discrimination. According to Fromm's early texts, especially in Escape from Freedom (1941) and Man for Himself (1947), >rational authority< have four characteristics. That is, 1) >rational authority< is ruled by the elements of love, admiration and gratitude, 2) it can become the model of the identification generally or partially, 3) the authority has its source in competence, and 4) it is always temporary. It is certain that these characteristics are rather abstractive, but in considering works of his latter period, the dynamics between >rational authority< and >inhibiting authority< is suggested. This dynamism hints for the possibility of rethinking of the authority in education. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Поиск любви в безлюбом мире [The Search for Love in a Loveless World] JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], Vol. 65, No. 2 (2014), pp. 173-181. [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - Предметом исследования данной статьи является сущность любовного чувства, выражаю щаяся в концепции Платона, трактующей любовь как стремление восполнить утраченную целостность, которая была возрождена и по-новому ранжирована в трудах представителей гуманистической психоло-гии: Эриха Фромма, Гордона Олпорта, Карен Хорни, Гарри Салливана и других. Автор рассматривает различные виды любви, освещает проблему оскудения эмоционального мира современного человека, в сравнении, например, с античным греком, появления новых невротических видов любви, обусловленных проникновени- ем рыночных отношений в самые глубинные и интимные стороны человеческой жизни. В работе в различных комбинациях в зависимости от поставленных задач использовались общенаучные методы исследования: метод сравнительного анализа, синтез, структурный и системный методы. Научная новизна данной статьи состоит в том, что в ней освещена идея любви Платона, возрожденная иполучившая философско-антропологическое осмысление в неофрейдизме, что позволило рассмотреть фено-мен любви в >человеческом измерении<. Автором было акцентировано внимание, на том, что представите-лями данного направления был сделан огромный вклад в изучении данной темы, а не только темы личности, индивидуальности, ценности человека. Любовь существует в разных формах, можно говорить о ее много- образных проявлениях, меняющихся от эпохи к эпохе, различных видах, но существует глубинная сущностьлюбви, выражающаяся в тоске человека по утраченной целостности и стремлении восполнить свою фрагментарность, разорванность, незавершенность в продуктивном союзе с другим человеком. Эмоциональный мир современного человека оскудевает, появляются новые невротические формы проявления любви, подме- няющие живые чувства рыночными отношениями. В гуманистической психологии впервые за долгое время было привлечено внимание к теме любви, была возрождена концепция любви как разрешения главной проблемы человеческого бытия, данная тема была ранжирована на материале современного общества. N2 - The subject matter of the present research article is the nature of human love as expressed in Plato’s philosophy. Plato viewed love as one’s desire to restore his integrity and become complete. The same idea was raised again by the followers of humanistic psychology such as Erich Fromm, Gordon Allport, Karen Horney, Harry Sullivan and others. The author of the present article describes different forms of love and touches upon the issue of emotional ‘poverty’ of a modern human compared to, for example, an ancient Greek. The author also underlines that new forms of neurotic love have been appearing lately. According to the author, this is the result of the invasion of market relations into the most intimate spheres of human life. In her research, depending on a set goal, the author uses general scientific methods of research such as the method of comparative analysis, synthesis, structured method and systems method. The scientific novelty of this research article is the discussion of Plato’s concept of love developed by neo-Freudianism which allowed to see the phenomenon of love in the ‘humanistic’ dimension. The author also emphasizes the fact that the representatives of humanistic psychology made a significant contribution to the studies of the phenomenon of love apart from their contribution to the development of the concepts of personality, individuality and value of human. Love exists in different forms so we can say it may have different expressions depending on the historical epoch, but the main motive of love has always been the longing for the lost integrity and the desire to overcome the feeling of existential loneliness and feel completed again in the union with the other person. However, a modern human has rather poor emotions and this leads to creation of new neurotic expressions of love where true feelings are replaced with the importance of market relations. For the first time in a long period of humanistic psychology the author attracts our attention to the topic of love again and restores the concept of love as the way to overcome the main problem of human existence based on the experience of the modern society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shamne, Anzhelika T1 - Psychosocial Personality Development: Continuity and Change in Adolescent, Youth and Adult Age [ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ОСО-БИСТОСТІ: БЕЗПЕРЕРВНІСТЬ І ЗМІНИ В ПІДЛІТКОВОМУ, ЮНАЦЬКОМУ І ДОРО-СЛОМУВІЦІ] [ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ: НЕПРЕРЫВНОСТЬ И ИЗ-МЕНЕНИЯ В ПОДРОСТКОВОМ, ЮНО-ШЕСКОМ И ВЗРОСЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ] JF - Psychological Journal, Vol. 5, No. 5 (2019), pp. 84-98. [Online ISSN 2414-004X] [doi.org/10.31108/1.2019.5.5.7] N2 - The article presents the results of the comparison of the variability of the psychosocial development of the personality in the adolescent, youth and adult age. At the first stage of the empirical study, the types of development in adolescence and youth age. Personality (motivation, value orientations, focus, communicative features), subject (autonomy, self-regulation, locus of control), as well as social and behavioural (distinctive features of social functioning) characteristics were used as typing criteria. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths are interpreted as constructive, non-constructive and destructive models of coming of age. At the second stage of the study the theoretical generalization of the types of personality existing in psychology and strategies of personality functioning during the period of adult age. The analysis is based on the theories of A. Adler, K. Horney, D. Marsh, E. Desci and R. Rayen, E. Fromm et al. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths was compared with variants (types, patterns) of the development in adulthood. The dynamics and continuity of the types of the psychosocial development and strategies for functioning adolescents, youths and adults were determined. It was revealed that the main features of continuity can be found along the lines of constructive or non-constructive development, focus on oneself or other people, self-sufficiency or dependence on the milieu and circumstances. The process of typing of the psychosocial development is the result of the integration of traits of the personality and the way it functions (behaves), which is inherent to it. The factors of that process were identified: regulation by the personality of his/her behavior and activities and his/her position in the system of relationships. The type of the psychosocial development is a complex structural and functional unity. The crystallization of that type from the adolescent age to adulthood is a targeted and logical process associated with the emergence of the self-concept, the ability to self-determination and self-regulation mechanisms in the adolescent age. The article emphasizes the importance of prevention and correction of the preconditions of non-constructive development models. N2 - Анотація. У статті представлено порівняння варі-ативностіпсихосоціального розвитку особи-стості в періоди підліткового віку, юнацького віку і дорослості. На першому етапі емпірич-ного дослідження виділено типи розвитку у підлітковому віці (автономно-самодостатній, інтернально-домінантний, доброзичливо-залежний, фрустровано-кризовий) та у юнаць-кому віці (гармонійний, суб’єктно-домінантний, залежно-адаптивний, дезінтег рований). В якості критеріїв типізації розвит-ку використовувалися особистісні, суб'єктні і соціально-поведінкові паттерни функціону-вання. Здійснено порівняння змісту автономно-самодостатнього та гармонійного, інтерналь-но-домінантного та суб’єктно-домінантниого, доброзичливо-залежного та залежно-адаптивного, фрустровано-кризового та дезін-тегрованого типів розвитку. Їх інтерпретовано як конструктивну, неконструктивну і деструк-тивну моделі дорослішання. В якості основно-го критерія було використано ефективність розв’язання підлітками та юнаками основних задач дорослішання. Виділено дві групи де-термінант оформлення типу розвитку особи-стостів період дорослішання: регуляція по-ведінки та діяльності (інтернальний/екстернальний локус контролю; орієнтація на внутрішні чи на зовнішні критерії тощо) і по-зиція у системі стосунків (доброзичливість/агресивність, егоїстична/гуманістична орієнтація тощо). На другому етапі здійснено теоретичне узагальнення описаних у психології типів осо-бистості і стратегій функціонування особис-тості у період дорослості. Аналіз здійснено на основі теорій А. Адлера, К. Хорні, Д. Марша, Е. Десі і Р. Райєна, Е. Фромма та ін. Здійснено співставлення типів (паттернів) психосоціаль-ного розвитку у період підліткового та юнаць-кого віку з описаними типологіями розвитку у дорослості. Аналіз показав, що між ними існує пев на змістовна подібність і наступність. Основні напрями наступності від підліткового віку до дорослості проходятьза наступними напряма-ми: становлення конструктивного(гармонійноготипу) або неконструктивного(дисгармонійноготипу) типу розвитку, спря-мованість на себе чи на інших людей, опора на себе чи залежність від оточення і обставин. Виходячи з отриманих даних, підкреслюється, що підлітковий і юнацький вік є сензитивни-мидо процесу оформлення індивідуального паттерну функціонування і стратегії подаль-шого розвитку у період дорослості. Посту-люється принципова незавершеність процесу становлення особистості у підлітковому та юнацькому віці, пластичність, сенситивність, відкритість для різних можливостей і впливів. N2 - В статье представлено сравнение вари-ативностипсихосоциальногоразвитиялично-сти в периоды подросткового возраста, юно-шеского возраста и взрослости. На первом этапе эмпирического исследования выделены типы развития в подростковом возрасте (автономно-самодостаточный, интернально-доминантный, доброжелательно-зависимый, фрустрированные-кризисный) и в юношеском возрасте (гармоничный, субъектно-доминантный, зависимо-адаптивный, дезинте-грированный). В качестве критериев типиза-ции развития использовались личностные, субъектные и социально-поведенческие пат-терны функционирования. Проведено сравне-ние содержания автономно-самодостаточного и гармоничного, интернально-доминантного и субъектно-доминантниого, доброжелательно-зависимого и зависимо-адаптивного, фрустри-рованно-кризисного и дезинтегрированного типов развития. Их интерпретировано как конструктивную, неконструктивную и де-структивную модели взросления современной молодежи. В качестве основного критерия бы-ли использованы эффективность решения подростками и юношами основных задач взросления. Выделены две группы детерми-нант оформления типа развития личности в период взросления: регуляция поведения и деятельности (интернальный / экстернальный локус контроля, ориентация на внутренние или на внешние критерии и т.д.) и позиция в системе отношений (доброжелательность / агрессивность, эгоистичная / гуманистическая ориентация и т.д.).На втором этапе осуществлено теоре-тическое обобщение описанных в психологии типов личности и стратегий функционирова-ния личности в период взрослости. Анализ осуществлен на основе теорий А. Адлера, К. Хорни, Д. Марша, Е. Деси и Р. Райена, Э. Фромма и др. Осуществлено сопоставление типов (паттернов) психосоциального развития в период подросткового и юношеского воз-раста с описанными типологиями развития во взрослости. Анализ показал, что между ними существует определенное содержательное сходство и преемственность. Основные направления преемственности от подростко-вого возраста к взрослости проходят по сле-дующим направлениям: становление кон-структивного (гармоничного типа) или некон-структивного (дисгармоничного типа) разви-тия, направленность на себя или на других людей, опора на себя или зависимость от окружения и обстоятельств. Исходя из полу-ченных данных, подчеркивается, что подрост-ковый и юношеский возраст является сензи-тивными к процессу оформления индивиду-ального паттерна функционирования и стра-тегии дальнейшего развития в период взрос-лости. Постулируется принципиальная неза-вершенность процесса становления личности в подростковом и юношеском возрасте, его пластичность, сензитивность, открытость для различных возможностей и влияний. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sethness, Javier T1 - Psychoanalysis for Collective Liberation. A Review of Erich Fromm’s Critical Theory JF - New Politics Journal, New York January 21, 2022. Y1 - 2022 ER -