TY - JOUR A1 - Jones, Paul K. T1 - Demagogy, Culture Industry, Psychotechnics: The Authoritarian Personality as media reception framework JF - Clemens, M., et al. (Eds.), Die Wiederkehr des autoritären Charakters. Transatlantische Perspektiven, ed. by Manuel Clemens, Thorben Päthe and Marc Petersdorff, Wiesbaden (Springer SV) 2022, pp. 015-042. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Joubert Lopera, Daniel T1 - Libertad: principio frommiano para la toma de decisiones y el establecimiento de interrelaciones, Undergraduate degree in psychology as a partial requirement to qualify for the title of Psychologist, Psychology, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia 2019., 24 pp. [repository.eafit.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/a66709bf-b62e-4f88-a239-bdcb8b98fd0b/content] N2 - El objetivo de este texto es reflexionar en torno a la relación de la libertad, con la toma de decisiones y su potencial para las interrelaciones, desde la perspectiva de Erich Fromm, mostrando posibles implicaciones prácticas. El método utilizado fue la hermenéutica la cual es el arte de comprender y/o interpretar discursos para realizar un estudio monográfico sobre los conceptos señalados. Como principales hallazgos se destaca la paradoja entre libertad y toma de decisiones, los distintos sentidos en que puede ser entendido y experimentado el proceso de la libertad, y la interrelación que se puede generar entre los tres conceptos mencionados. Finalmente, las conclusiones que son de tipo teóricas, metodológicas y prácticas. N2 - The objective of this text is to reflect on the relationship of freedom, with the decision making and its potential for interrelations, from the perspective of Erich Fromm, showing possible practical implications. The method used was hermeneutics, which is the art of understanding and / or interpreting discourses in order to carry out a monographic study on the concepts mentioned. The main findings are the paradox between freedom and decision making, the different senses in which the process of freedom and the interrelation that can be generated between the three concepts mentioned can be understood and experienced. Finally, the conclusions that are theoretical, methodological and practical. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jourshari, Abbas Naeemi A1 - Haghighat, Seyedeh Sedigheh T1 - An assessment of the concept of alienation in Marxist theories [Una evaluación del concepto de alienación en las teorías marxistas] [Uma avaliação do conceito de alienação nas teorias marxistas] JF - Revista Amazonia Investiga, Vol. 8, No. 18 (2019), pp. 471-482. [Online ISSN 2322–6307] [amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/360/336] N2 - Alienation is one of the important concepts of social science which has been most studied in Marxism idealogy. The main purpose of the present paper is to review the opinion of Marxist sociologists on alienation. This paper has been compiled to answer the following question: What is self-alienation and what is the Marxists’ view about this complex concept? Regarding this matter, while reviewing the history of Alienation and its conceptual dimensions, theories of Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm, and Juergen Habermas is examined. The research method used in this research is a descriptive and data collection method is librarian. The findings chart is plotted at the end of the paper. N2 - La alienación es uno de los conceptos importantes de la ciencia social que ha sido más estudiado en la idealología del marxismo. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es revisar la opinión de los sociólogos marxistas sobre la alienación. Este artículo se ha compilado para responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué es la autoalienación y cuál es la opinión de los marxistas sobre este concepto complejo? Con respecto a este asunto, al revisar la historia de la Alienación y sus dimensiones conceptuales, se examinan las teorías de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm y Juergen Habermas. El método de investigación utilizado en esta investigación es descriptivo y el método de recopilación de datos es bibliotecario. La tabla de hallazgos se representa al final del documento. N2 - A alienação é um dos conceitos importantes da ciência social que tem sido mais estudada na idealogia do marxismo. O objetivo principal do presente artigo é revisar a opinião dos sociólogos marxistas sobre a alienação. Este artigo foi compilado para responder à seguinte pergunta: o que é a auto-alienação e qual é a visão dos marxistas sobre esse conceito complexo? Com relação a esse assunto, ao revisar a história da alienação e suas dimensões conceituais, as teorias de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm e Jurgen Habermas são examinadas. O mIétodo de pesquisa utilizado nesta pesquisa é descritivo e o método de coleta de dados é bibliotecário. O gráfico de resultados é plotado no final do artigo. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juroszek, Weronika T1 - Męskość zięcia w percepcji teścia: na podstawie książki >Krystyna córka Lavransa< S. Undset [The Masculinity of the Son-in-law in the Perception of the Father-in-law: based on the Book >Krystyna Daughter of Lavrans< S. Undset] JF - Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2013), pp. 143-155. N2 - Ojciec jest pierwszym i jednym z najważniejszych mężczyzn w życiu córki. Stanowi dla niej wzór mężczyzny. Wzór ten pomaga córce w kształtowaniu wizerunku męskiego w rodzinie i poza nią (Sosnowski, 2009, s. 211). E. Fromm (2006) podkreśla, że miłość ojcowska jest wymagająca. Wymagania stawiane dziecku dotyczą odpowiedzialności, posłuszeństwa, dyscypliny, niezależności, zdolności do kierowania własnym życiem (tamże, s. 51-54). Warto poddać analizie, na ile wymagania ojca dotyczą procesu realizacji przez dziecko zadań rozwojowych, w tym - wyboru współmałżonka. Według R. Huvighursta zadanie rozwojowe pojawia się w pewnym okresie życia jednostki (dzieciństwie, adolescencji, dorosłości) i wynika z jej potrzeb (somatycznych i psychicznych) oraz wymogów społeczeństwa (Tyszkowa, 1993, s. 952). W ramach teorii Huvighursta podkreśla się, że wybór współmałżonka jest również zadaniem rozwojowym, dlatego jego niewypełnienie u większości osób skutkuje brakiem poczucia szczęścia i niespełnieniem (tamże, s. 952) (Fragment tekstu). N2 - The father is the first and one of the most important men in a daughter's life. He is a role model for her. This model helps the daughter in shaping the masculine image in the family and outside it (Sosnowski, 2009, p. 211). E. Fromm (2006) emphasizes that fatherly love is demanding. The demands placed on a child concern responsibility, obedience, discipline, independence, and the ability to manage one's own life (ibid., pp. 51-54). It is worth analyzing to what extent the father's requirements concern the process of the child's developmental tasks, including the choice of a spouse. According to R. Huvighurst, the developmental task appears in a certain period of an individual's life (childhood, adolescence, adulthood) and results from its needs (somatic and psychological) and the requirements of society (Tyszkowa, 1993, p. 952). As part of Huvighurst's theory, it is emphasized that the choice of a spouse is also a developmental task, which is why failure to fulfill it in most people results in a lack of happiness and unfulfillment (ibid., p. 952) (Excerpt from the text). [Google translator, 1/2023] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joo, Kwang-Sun T1 - 성철 선사상의 서구철학과의 비교 [The Comparison of Seongcheol’s Seon-Thought with the Occidental Philosophy] JF - 코기토 [Cogito], Vol. 90 (2020), pp. 229-260. N2 - 필자는 성철 선사상의 현대적 의미를 탐구하고자 한다. 그래서 필자는 상호문화철학의 유비의 해석학을 이용하여 성철을 서구 철학과 비교한다. 비교는 한 쪽에 다른 쪽을 포섭시키는 것이 아니라, 양자 사이에 관계를 하나 형성하는 것이다. 우선 데카르트는 성철과 의심이라는 지점에서 겹친다. 양자 모두 모든 것에 대해서 주체적으로 그리고 극단적으로 의심한다. 그러나 데카르트가 의심을 확실한 지식을 발견하기 위한 수단으로 사용하는데 반해서 성철은 어디에도 안주하지 않는다. 그러므로 망상으로부터 해방되려고 한다는 측면에서 볼 때 성철은 근대의 시초인 데카르트보다 근대 비판가들인 마르크스나 프로이트와 더 많이 겹친다. 마르크스는 인간이 생산관계의 이데올로기적 반영과 반향에 사로잡혀 있음을 밝힌다. 그리고 프롬에 따르자면 사회가 의식을 구성한다. 성철은 혁명을 꿈꾸지 않는다. 다만 깨달음을 통해서 마르크스나 프로이트가 주목하는 것을 포함해서 온갖 망상으로부터 해방되기를 원한다. N2 - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contemporary meanings of Seongcheol’s Seon-thought. For this reason I am going to compare him with Western philosophy by means of the analogical hermeneutics of intercultural philosophy. To compare means not to integrate one into the other, but to build a relationship between both sides. Descartes’ doubt overlaps with Seongcheol’s doubt. Both of them put everything in doubt independently and radically. However, Descartes uses doubt as a means to find true knowledge, whereas Seongcheol never stop to doubt. So, in the aspect of freeing oneself from illusions, he is more similar to critics of modernity like Marx and Freud than to Descartes. Marx shows that people are captured by the ideological reflexes and echoes of the relations of production, and according to Fromm the consciousness is constituted by society. Seongcheol dreams of freeing oneself from all illusions including the ones of Marx and Freud only by means of enlightenment. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juthberg, C. A1 - Sundin, K. T1 - Registered nurses’ and nurse assistants’ lived experience of troubled conscience in their work in elderly care – A phenomenological hermeneutic study JF - International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2010), pp. 20-29. [Online ISSN 2666-142X] [doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.06.001] N2 - Background: In elderly care registered nurses (RNs) and nurse assistants (NAs) face ethical challenges which may trouble their conscience. Objective: This study aimed to illuminate meanings of RNs’ and NAs’ lived experience of troubled conscience in their work in municipal residential elderly care. Design: Interviews with six RNs and six NAs were interpreted separately using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Settings: Data was collected in 2005 among RNs and NAs working in special types of housings for the elderly in a municipality in Sweden. Participants: The RNs and NAs were selected for participation had previously participated in a questionnaire study and their ratings in the questionnaire study constituted the selection criteria for the interview study. Results: The RNs’ lived experience of troubled conscience was formulated in two themes. The first theme is ‘being trapped in powerlessness’ which includes three sub-themes: being restrained by others’ omission, being trapped in ethically demanding situations and failing to live up to others’ expectations. The second theme is ‘being inadequate’ which includes two sub-themes: lacking courage to maintain one's opinion and feeling incompetent. The NAs’ lived experience of troubled conscience was formulated in the two themes. The first is ‘being hindered by pre-determined conditions’ which includes two sub-themes: suffering from lack of focus in one's work and being restrained by the organisation. The second theme is ‘being inadequate’ which includes two sub-themes: lacking the courage to object and being negligent. Conclusions: The RNs’ lived experience of troubled conscience were feelings of being trapped in a state of powerlessness, caught in a struggle between responsibility and authority and a sense of inadequacy fuelled by feelings of incompetence, a lack of courage and a fear of revealing themselves and endangering residents’ well-being. The NAs’ lived experience of troubled conscience was feelings of being hindered by pre-determined conditions, facing a fragmented work situation hovering between norms and rules and convictions of their conscience. To not endangering the atmosphere in the work-team they are submissive to the norms of their co-workers. They felt inadequate as they should be model care providers. The findings were interpreted in the light of Fromm's authoritarian and humanistic conscience. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johnson, Paul E. T1 - Symposium on relationships between religion and mental health: Discussion JF - The American Psychologist, Vol. 13, No. 10 (1958), pp. 577-579. [Online ISSN 1935-990X] [doi.org/10.1037/h0041189] N2 - Recent books by Erich Fromm and by Ira Progoff indicate >the intrinsic relationship between psychological integration and the religious quest.< There seems to be a return of psychology to religion and a movement of religion toward psychology. >What can we say about the great, ongoing, historically rooted struggle between religion and science? Any student of technical philosophy and of the history of thought will see in the present situation, I believe, a clear example of the Hegelian dialectic. Religion was the original thesis; science in general, and psychology in particular, was the antithesis. And today, it appears that a great, new synthesis is in the making.< Comments are made on each of the 4 symposium papers. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Y1 - 1958 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Loewy, Michael T1 - Redención y Utopía. El judaísmo libertario en Europa Central. Un estudio de afinidad elective, Santiago (Ariadna Ediciones) Chile 2018, 224 pp., Spanish. [ISSN: 978-956-8416-57-7] [DOI: 10.26448/978-956-8416-57-7/09] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Wenxin A1 - et al, T1 - The Formation and Consolidation of Scientific Paradigm in American Psychology after World War II: Analysis Based on Social Character [二战之后美国心理学科学主义范式的形成与巩固——基于社会性格的分析] JF - Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], No. 10 (2023), pp. 1729-1744. [Print ISSN 0439-755X] [doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01729] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] The flourish development of scientific psychology in America was often understood as the necessary subsequence of the evolution of intellectual history in psychology, in which psychology separated itself from philosophy and gradually found its own scientific methods during the past centuries. However, as one of categories of culture, the history of psychology could not be understood without the considering of societies and people who live in it. According to Fromm’s social psychological studies, social change may form the social character of a given society, and the social character will initiate new thoughts or ideas which constitutes new culture and ideology. This new kind of culture and ideology will be easy to be accepted by the society, and solidify its social character in turn. So it will be interesting if we explore the process in which psychology in America committed to scientism from the perspective of social change and social character after World War II. There were a lot of changes after World War II in America society in terms of politics, economics, industrial structure, population, education, and belief. On the material level, America reached the so-called advanced industrial society and consumer society. On the mental level, the worship of knowledge gradually replaced the worship of god in America society. These changes formed the social character of America after World War II through pragmatism and individualism that were parts of American culture. The key trait of this kind of social character are one-dimensionality, pursuing of instrumental rationality, and individual priority. What this kind of social character looking forward in terms of psychology as a part of culture and ideology is the disenchantment of inner world, or we can say the secularization of mind, which will offer some kind of certainty for the working of American society.– World War II promoted the development of psychology on general, and also left abundant of problems for America society, such as psychic trauma of veteran, the need for mental health, how to avoid the reviving of totalitarianism, how the collective affect the behavior of individual, and how to train more scientists, professors, and engineers for America and finally win the competition with Soviet Union. All these needs from society led to the boom of clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental and educational psychology, and psychometrics in America. Not only the numbers of APA members and journals, but also the number of PHD in American psychology surged during three decades after World War II. The schools of psychology in America also changed during that time. New behaviorism declined after Hull and Skinner’s time due to its neglect of psyche. Psychoanalysis used to affect American psychology and evolved to ego psychology which could be seen as the product of Americanization. However, psychoanalysis was finally marginalized by scientific psychology in America because of the rise of evidence based medicine. The Third Force Psychology once made a noise in America, but it finally faded due to its attempt to connect psychology and philosophy again, and its complicated methods. It was cognitive psychology that became most popular and the main paradigm of American psychology. In a nutshell, the history of American psychology expressed its social character after World War II which called for the secularization of mind. The scientific psychology in America also plays its ideological role in maintaining the efficient work of American society in turn. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Chuanlei T1 - A Brief Analysis of the Application of Fromm's Humanism to Contemporary Social Problems JF - Social Values and Society (SVS), Vol. 1, No. 1 (2019), pp. 1-4. [Online ISSN 2682-7964] [doi.org/10.26480/svs.01.2019.01.04] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] In Fromm's thought, the most important one is humanism. The socialization problem in modern human society is not only the problem of social system, but also the problem of human personality and psychology. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of social destructive phenomena, it is necessary to reduce human destructive behavior. Through psychological analysis and theoretical study, we can improve people's psychological potential and optimize their sociality, so as to create and maintain good social forms. [Author's English] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Jiamin T1 - The Existence of Non-oppressed Civilization – An Analysis of Freud’s Dilemma in His Theory of Civilization, Master thesis, Psychology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2023. N2 - The paper analyses the Freud’s dilemma in his theory of civilization, on this basis, finds the course of problem. In this process, we begin with the two basic concepts, namely civilization and instinct. In Freud’s theory, the civilization is existed as the performance of difference between people and animals. It not only include the knowledge and ability that formed in dealing with the relationship between human and nature, but also include the various rules and regulations between peoples. Instinct, as a core concept in his theoretical system, is inherited from the theory of biological evolution. He believes that the instinct urged the organism returning to the previous state, and eventually, he divided the instinct into instinct for life and death instinct, and believed it has fundamental confliction between the two instincts. When Freud’s perspective turns to the field of the social life, he also looks at modern civilization from the perspective of instinct, and believes that modern civilization oppresses the satisfaction of instinct and meets the demands of instinct at the same time. But, he does not completely abandon the idea of civilization or instinct, he thinks that civilization can oppress instinct appropriately. However, the oppression what degree is appropriate, Freud does not give a clear standard. So, in fact, the problem he encountered has not been fully resolved. Aiming at the difficulties encountered by Freud, other scholars such as Marcuse and Fromm have tried to solve this problem. But, their theories have their own shortcomings. Marcuse does not fully understand Freud’s problem, he is more concerned about Freud’s instinct for life. In fact, Freud is more attention about death instinct. As for Fromm, he integrates the spirit of Marxism and psychoanalysis, in the face of the difficulties encountered by Freud, he thinks that the problem can disappear with the development of society. So, he gives us only a hope, a utopian existence. So, we should explore the root cause of the dilemma encountered by Freud, and analyze whether the dilemma exist or not in actually.– When analyzing Freud’s theory of civilization, we finds that to imagine a non-oppressed civilization, the biggest obstacle we faced is the death instinct.– So, the question is weather the death instinct is necessary. Karen·Horney raises doubts in this regard. Through her own analysis, she thinks that it is not necessary to mention death instinct, for, there is no full evidence to certificate it, and it also contradict with the reality. However, the death instinct, after all, as a real theory is putted forward by Freud, and when the theory take the great dilemma to him, he still use it. So, it was necessary to explore the theoretical way what his death instinct produced. Freud is impacted by the theory of evolution deeply, and he introduces the concept of instinct as a biological field into the psychological field. In this course, he also introduce the logic of evolution into psychological field. So, the things what are established in biological field are similarly established in psychological field. When he discovers that the people have the tendency to repeat previous activities, he considers that it represents a kind of instinctive tendency also. On this basis, he puts forward the death instinct that is, return to the previous inorganic state. However, when he looks at human civilization, he is still from the view of biology, and considers that people and animals have no essential difference. This is a non-scientific idea .It has been recognized by many scholars that it has essential difference between people and animals. Therefore, the study of human civilization should be from the fundamental characters of human.– In the history of Western thoughts, it has been existed the concept of rational person religionary person and biological person. Cassirer puts forward the concept of symbolic person, on the basis of analyzing the limitation of these concepts, and it mainly emphasize the higher level ability of free creating what human has. This is consistent with the Marx’s incisive elucidation. So, >people are symbolic animals< seizes the people’s fundamental characters. From the concept of >human is symbolic animals<, human has the ability of creating and using the symbol. This is the universal dynamic creativity what human has. In the course of creating and using symbol, human has the ability of giving the value to symbols freely and dynamicly, so the symbol system is a free system also. Civilization is a development course of self-determination. It develops and heritages through the symbol media. Thus, the development of civilization is a free, dynamic process also. So the development of civilization not only does not oppress anything, but also is not hampered by other things. Thus, in Freud’s view, the course of the development of civilization does not oppress instinct. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Henan T1 - A Study on Fromm's Theory of Creativity, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2023 [doi.org/10.27272/d.cnki.gshdu.2023.004834] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] From a philosophical point of view, creativity is the development of people’s subjective understanding of the development and changes in the world formed in practice, and is the intrinsic motivation to realize individual self-development and promote social progress. With the deepening of the scientific and technological revolution, innovation has become more and more important in the development of the country, and fundamentally stimulating the creative vitality of individuals and society has become an inherent requirement for social development. At the same time, the emergence of the epidemic has bred pessimism about the future development of the situation, and a series of social problems have emerged one after another. In the post-COVID-19 era, to dispel people’s negative emotions and fundamentally enhance people’s confidence in the future situation, we need not only a solid material guarantee for the country, but also a better understanding of the current situation. In Fromm’s view, forming a rational understanding of the individual and the world is an important manifestation of the creative development of the individual. As one of the important representatives of the humanistic psychoanalysis school, Fromm saw the commonalities between Marx’s humanistic doctrine and Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, and thus combined the two organically. In the face of various problems existing in capitalist society, Fromm adhered to the humanistic stance, and made diagnosis and treatment of society and people living in it from the perspective of social psychology. From the perspective of human feelings and needs, he pointed out that the perfect state of human development should be creative and spontaneous.– This paper points out the pathological phenomenon in the modern capitalist society and the alienation phenomenon of people in it, and criticizes this phenomenon strongly, and puts forward the targeted reform plan, hoping to build a sound society to realize the creative development of people. He believed that creativity fulfilled the unique need of human survival and was a potential for a mentally healthy person. Creative people can fully develop their personality and reason, express their true inner needs, and have a constructive relationship with themselves and the world. Only a sound society can stimulate people’s creativity. Fromm’s attempt to clarify the interaction between economic base and ideology from the perspective of social psychology points out the role of creativity in human development, enriches the connotation of human essence, and specifically analyzes the psychological mechanism of alienation of modern man on the basis of the interpretation of the general psychological mechanism of man. His creative theory is not only a supplement and development of Marx’s humanistic thought, but also an inheritance and development of the Frankfurt School’s social and cultural theories. Although his proposals for changes in the economic, social, political and cultural fields are not directed at the capitalist system itself, but are only an improvement of the present society, and many of his theoretical ideas are too specific and lack practicality, his theories profoundly combine human existence and psychological conditions with social development, inspiring us to pay attention to people’s needs and seek solutions to social problems from the subjectivity of people. It has a great value for our country to implement the spirit of putting people first, dispel the negative emotions of individuals under the epidemic, and re-establish social confidence. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Liping T1 - An Analysis of the Characters of the Main Characters in >The Moon and Sixpence< Using Fromm's Character Theory [探析《月亮和六便士》中主要人物性格——运用弗洛姆性格理论] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位·经典], No. 19 (2022), pp. 5-8. N2 - 根据弗洛姆的性格理论分析,认为查理斯·思特里克兰德夫人具有接受取向,思特里克兰德具有剥削取向以及疏远关系中的破坏倾向,戴尔克·施特略夫具有共生关系中的受虐倾向,而施特略夫的妻子则具有囤积取向,麦克安德鲁夫妇以及社会中的大部分其他人的社会性格具有市场取向等非生产性的性格取向,是病态的社会性格,而健康的社会性格则是具有生产性的爱。同时,分析弗洛姆提出的混合类型的性格取向,运用理论结合实际的研究方法,有助于理解弗洛姆的社会性格理论以及掌握现代人的性格倾向。 N2 - According to Fromm's character theory analysis, Mrs. Charles Strickland is considered to have a receptive orientation, Strickland has an exploitative orientation as well as a destructive tendency in an estranged relationship, Dalek Streiff has a masochistic tendency in a symbiotic relationship, while Streiff's wife has a hoarding orientation, the McAndrews and most others in society have a market orientation in their social character, etc. Unproductive character orientations are pathological social characters, while healthy social characters are those with productive love. At the same time, analyzing the mixed types of character orientations proposed by Fromm and using theoretical and practical research methods can help understand Fromm's social character theory as well as grasp the character tendencies of modern people. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 11/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Chang T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation and Its Contemporary Value, Master thesis, History of Economic Theory and Ideology, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, Anhui, China 2022. N2 - Erich Fromm was a humanistic philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist. He devoted his life to adapting Freud’s psychoanalytic doctrine to the spiritual situation of Westerners after the two world wars. Today, his ideas still have a great influence on contemporary society, especially his theory of consumer alienation which opens up a certain theoretical vision for the >consumer age< we live in. At the same time, Fromm’s alienation theory has a certain degree of scientificity and extensibility, because he takes Marx’s alienation thought as the theoretical foundation and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory as the extension, and through the appropriate combination of the two, he leads his own alienation theory, in order to profoundly analyze the problem of human alienation, the most important of which is the problem of consumer alienation. For Fromm, the theme of modern capitalist society is no longer >production<, but >consumption<, and the source of alienation is not only the former >alienation of labor<, but also the >alienation of consumption<. The source of alienation is not only the former >alienation of labor<, but also the >alienation of consumption<, in which modern society is full of symbols, and in which people are gradually commodified. During this period, Fromm remained sober, warning people about the great danger of consumer alienation, trying to wake up and save people who were trapped in the trap of consumer alienation, and Fromm always insisted on calling people to be rational subjects, in order to build a sound society. Nowadays, China has become the second largest consumer market in the world through continuous development, and along with the irreversible globalization, the world is becoming >smaller<, so the invasion of the Chinese market by consumerism is inevitable. In such a social context, Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation becomes more valuable, which is also the starting point and research purpose of this paper. At the same time, the objective limitations of Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation also serve as an important reflection and reference for our analysis of the consumption problem in China. To this end, this paper analyzes and studies Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation and its contemporary value through five main parts: first, through the introductory part, it compares the domestic and foreign literature to achieve a systematic macroscopic grasp of Fromm’s theory of alienation.– Secondly, through the theoretical tracing of Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation, the development background and theoretical foundation of his theory are more objectively understood.– Third, through the exploration of the basic contents of Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation, we discuss its causes and connotations and discover its realistic manifestations and possible crises.– Fourth, through the first three parts, we will find Fromm’s path to overcome consumer alienation and his specific expectations for building a sound society.– Fifth, through an objective evaluation of the contributions and limitations of Fromm’s theory of consumer alienation, we will use its reference value to analyze the current problems of consumption in China, and use it as a reference to actively explore favorable insights and solutions to improve the consumption problem in China. [Translation: www.cnki. net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Mo A1 - Fu, Jingchuan T1 - The Game of >Freedom< in >The Adventures of Augie March< [《奥吉·马奇历险记》中的>自由<博弈] [application of Fromm’s theories to art] JF - Journal of University of Jinan (Social Science Edition) [济南大学学报(社会科学版)], Online First Publishing Date: 2022-05-25 16:19:28. N2 - 《奥吉·马奇历险记》中鹰蛇相争的情节往往被评论家们所忽略。作为耗费颇多笔力刻画的章节,奥吉和西亚的墨西哥之行显然值得重视。从小说中鹰蛇相争的情节入手,挖掘埋藏于文字之下的隐喻内涵,反观和解构奥吉的人生选择,进而从艾里希·弗洛姆和罗洛·梅人文主义社会心理学的视角展开分析,讨论奥吉寻找继发纽带、>逃避自由<的现实抉择与其追求独立自主的人生目标之间的反差和博弈。 N2 - The eagle-snake rivalry in The Adventures of Augie March is often overlooked by critics. As a chapter that takes a lot of effort to portray, Augie and Thea's trip to Mexico obviously deserves attention. The novel's plot of the struggle between the hawk and the snake is used as a starting point to explore the metaphorical connotations buried beneath the text, to reflect on and deconstruct Augie's life choices, and then to analyze them from the perspective of Erich Fromm and Rollo May's humanist social psychology, and to discuss the contrasts and trade-offs between Augie's realistic choice to find a secondary bond and >escape from freedom< and his pursuit of independence and autonomy. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Genzong T1 - 에리히프름의 종교이해에 대한 비판적연구 [A Critical Study of Erich Fromm's Understanding of Religion] JF - 사회과학연구 [Social Science Research], Vol. 2, No. 1 (1983). N2 - In undertaking this study, the writer became aware of the following problem of study method in theology: skepticism indeed is an indispensable part of the theologian’s equipment; he must train himself to be disturtful of anything he sees on the printed page unless there seems good reason to believe that it can be trusted. In our theological culture, the printed word is generally regarded with such excessive respect that the grossest errors in fact may go unchallenged for years until the properly skeptical reader comes along. The above stated problem dictated the formulation of this study with the following purpose in mind: to develop a critical study method in theology. Accordingly, Erich Fromm's thought of religion was criticized from such standpoint in this study. Y1 - 1983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lipp, Wolfgang T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Die Furcht vor der Freiheit (1941a, deutsch) JF - Soziale Welt (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft), Vol. 19, No. 3/4 (1968), pp. 378-380. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Jindong T1 - An Analysis of Fromm’s View of Freedom – Based on >Escape from Freedom< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Sitong T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Idea of Alienation, Master thesis, Philosophy, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2022. N2 - Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980) was not only one of the key members of the Frankfurt School, but also a prominent German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst and humanistic philosopher. Using Freudian psychoanalysis, Fromm synthesized the Marxian humanist doctrine on the basis of social character and the social unconscious as mediators. This led to the construction of a unique system of thought covering multiple levels of society and psychology, and an in-depth discussion of a series of externalized psychological problems that have emerged since the development of capitalist society.– This article attempts to clarify the logical progression of Fromm’s thought on alienation by looking at the realistic background and theoretical sources of the formation of his thought system. First of all, it examines Fromm’s need for human survival in the light of the dilemma of existential alienation in Western capitalist society, and grasps the unique connotation of his alienation thought and interprets it. Fromm explores the dilemma of survival in human society by combining the process of individuation and socio-historical development, and exposes the state of spiritual alienation of individuals. Secondly, Fromm’s diagnosis of the roots of pathological alienation in Western society is outlined in both subjective and objective dimensions. Again, Fromm’s critique of the consequences of alienation in developed industrial societies is explored, elucidating the logical correlation between the emergence of freedom-avoiding mechanisms, non-productive personality tendencies, possession-oriented ways of being and the alienation that occurs in the inner world of individuals. This is followed by an examination of the consequences of the interaction and conflict between the psychological alienation of the individual and the alienation of society in general, revealing the relationship between the individual and society.– Finally, Fromm’s search for a way to overcome alienation and build a sound society that meets human needs is discussed, and the rationality and limitations of his vision are objectively assessed. Fromm made a positive contribution to the evolution and enrichment of human culture and spirituality in the twentieth century. However, he does not fully acknowledge the role of material production and only overemphasizes the influence of psychological factors on human beings, while ignoring the fact that private ownership is the fundamental cause of the limitation of human freedom. Neither spontaneous activities nor social changes can fundamentally solve the problems caused by total alienation, but they can still provide a reference for the path of building a human-centered >harmonious society< in China: after the material enrichment of Chinese society, it should pay more attention to the spiritual existence of human beings and leave behind the possession-oriented way of living; promote humanistic culture and calmly We should also pay attention to the psychological and spiritual state of human beings and cultivate a sound personality. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 5/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Sihan T1 - The Predicament of Freedom: Understanding Frankie in >The Member of the Wedding< from the Psychoanalytic Perspective, Master thesis, World Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Carson McCullers is an outstanding female writer in the 20th century United States, becoming a celebrity with her first novel >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter<. There is no doubt that McCullers is endowed with a talent for writing. She is a keen and sensitive woman, which is probably due to her life experiences and illness. In some sense, her personality contributes a lot to her writing, enabling her to grasp the slightest details of humanity. She is adept at exploring the psychology of human beings and pays special attention to their state of loneliness, which constitutes her writing theme >spiritual isolation<. McCullers tends to highlight man’s spiritual impotency through physical deformity. The freaks in her works make up rebellious power against the mainstream culture in the American South. >The Member of the Wedding< is a very representative work of McCullers. It follows the theme of spiritual isolation as her other works. Through McCullers’s elaborate portrayal, a 12-year-old girl’s struggle and sorrow are vividly presented to readers. The female protagonist Frankie is a tomboy living in a small Southern town. In the year when she progresses from 12 to 13, she falls into the dull repetition of days, becoming a solitary >freak<. A great dilemma confronting Frankie is that she aspires for freedom, but is unable to take the burden of freedom. Becoming a part of some group and leaving the town constitute two strong desires of Frankie. They are seemingly irrelevant, but closely related. Belonging saves Frankie from isolation, and escape promises her greater freedom and connectedness. Through a close reading of Carson McCullers’s novel >The Member of the Wedding<, this thesis is devoted to analyzing the protagonist Frankie’s living predicament from a psychoanalytical perspective and discussing the underlying solution to the condition. Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom and love exhaustively explores the spiritual crisis of modern man and provides a feasible solution. Using his theory will be conducive to the explanation of the protagonist’s complex psychology and her dilemma. Besides, Adler’s concept of social interest can help further analyze how the protagonist is able to realize positive freedom. After research, it can be concluded that Frankie is confronted with the universal predicament of modern man's burden of freedom. While she tries to escape from the burden, she suffers disillusionment, but at the same time, it helps the development of her individual self and provides motivation for positive freedom. Fromm believes that to get rid of the unbearable plight, love is indispensable. For Frankie and any modern man who suffers from aloneness, mastering the art of love is necessary to advance to positive freedom. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER -