TY - JOUR A1 - Huppke, Andrea T1 - IFPS 1960–1985: A new home for international and German psychoanalysis? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 236-244. N2 - The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) was established in 1962. The first 20 years of the Federation were a time when psychoanalysis was divided into so-called liberal and orthodox factions. The (then orthodox) International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) did not admit all psychoanalytic societies, and some societies did not want to join it. In the IFPS, non-IPA-psychoanalysts from Europe, the USA, and South and Middle America came together to discuss their new approaches to psychoanalysis and to find ways to better cope with their patients’ problems. At the beginning an informal organization of autonomous societies, the IFPS persisted for 12 years without a charter. The first three secretary generals came from the German Psychoanalytical Society and greatly influenced the first few years of the IFPS. The IFPS held several international conferences, and new psychoanalytic societies became members. In 1977, after the VIth Forum in Berlin, the IFPS fell into an identity crisis. The conflicts centered on the assumption of responsibility, the authority of the members, and how to understand the aim and sense of the organization. This article deals with the theoretical background of the early IFPS and the development of its self-concept. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Innocenti, Gionata T1 - Der Held seines eigenen Dramas. Aktuelle Überlegungen zur Natur des Menschen auf Grundlage der Theorien Erich Fromms, ins Deutsche übersetzt von Henrike Engelhardt, Florenz (Istituto de Psicoterapia Analitica Firenze), 2019, 144 pp. [cf. Innocenti_G_2018] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langer, Phil T1 - Sozial- als Friedenspsychologie denken. Perspektiven einer notwendigen Aktualisierung eines Forschungsprogramms JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 69-119. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lanwerd, Susanne T1 - Kultur und Religion. Eine Frage der Evidenz JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 121-142. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joannidis, Christo T1 - Triangularity in separation JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 147-154. N2 - Traditional psychoanalytic literature tends to present issues of separation as a two-person dilemma. Current understanding, however, seems to challenge that view. The recent realization that there is no such thing as a baby, but only a mother-and-baby unit, has opened the way to the further understanding that there is no such thing as a mother-and-baby unit >extra-context<. In other words, there is always a father in the background – be he real or phantasized. Separation, therefore, cannot but be conceptualized as involving a triangle. It should never be forgotten that Oedipus’s own life history starts with a separation initiated by a father and acquiesced with by a mother. The aim of this paper is to present some thoughts on the Oedipal (i.e., triangular) dimension of separation. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchhoff, Christine T1 - Das Unbehagen deuten. Denken in Gesellschaft mit der Psychoanalyse JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 17-33. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamont, Michèle T1 - From ‘having’ to ‘being’: self-worth and the current crisis of American society JF - The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 70 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 660-707. N2 - With growing inequality, the American dream is becoming less effective as a collective myth. With its focus on material success, competition and self-reliance, the intensified diffusion of neoliberal scripts of the self is leading the uppermiddle class toward a mental health crisis while the working class and lowincome groups do not have the resources needed to live the dream. African Americans, Latinos and undocumented immigrants, who are presumed to lack self-reliance, face more rigid boundaries. One possible way forward is broadening cultural membership by promoting new narratives of hope centered on a plurality of criteria of worth, ‘ordinary universalism’ and destigmatizing stigmatized groups. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN ED - Kirchhoff, Christine ED - et al., T1 - Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, 160 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koritar, Entre T1 - Review Raluca Soreanu: Working-through collective wounds: Trauma, denial, recognition in the Brazilian uprising JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 247-248. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas T1 - Kritisch, kühn, kreativ. Der humanistische Ansatz einer analytischen Sozialpsychologie im Spiegel gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 35-68. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas A1 - Niedermeier, Anna A1 - Babic, Edvin T1 - New Work und die Bedeutung von Organisationskultur, Team- und Beziehungsarbeit – eine Mitarbeiterbefragung JF - Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching, Wiesbaden (Springer Fachmedien) 2019, 14 pp. N2 - Anknüpfend an eine Mitarbeiterbefragung bei BNP Paribas Personal Investors Deutschland wird aufgezeigt, dass Diskurse um New Work auch in einem großen Konzernverbund ein wichtiger Antreiber für die Gestaltung von Wandlungsprozessen sind und motivierend in Verbindung mit Aufbruchsstimmung wirken können. Gleichzeitig gilt es, auf bewährten Grundsätzen von Unternehmensführung und Teamarbeit aufzubauen und die Möglichkeiten von New Work nicht zu idealisieren. Partizipation und Mitbestimmung sind wichtig, aber nur auf der Grundlage transparenter Entscheidungswege, einer durch Wertschätzung geprägten Organisationskultur und durch qualitativ hochwertige Arbeitsbeziehungen effizient. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Yan T1 - A Further Exploration of Erich Fromm’s Humanism Thought and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆人本主义思想及其当代启示再探], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2019. N2 - 弗洛姆作为人本主义思想家的代表人物,他的一生都围绕着人的问题展开思考和分析。通过对弗洛伊德、马克思以及法兰克福学派理论的研读和反思,继承并发展了他们关于人的问题相关理论和观点,弗洛姆逐渐形成自己的人本主义思想体系。本文主要是对弗洛姆人本主义思想进行再探分析,共分为四个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的形成和发展过程。主要从理论渊源和现实背景两个方面进行梳理和分析,其中理论渊源主要谈到对弗洛伊德精神分析学的批判吸收、对马克思人本思想的继承与阐发以及对法兰克福学派批判理论的运用与发展,现实背景与发展轨迹则是从弗洛姆个人一生的特殊经历和生活的时代背景进行阐述。第二部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的主要内容。按照基本理论是对人性的探究来阐释他的人性理论;核心思想是对>人的困境<问题分析,即人陷入异化状态如何走出生存困境;理论归旨围绕健全社会的的探索来展开论述。第三部分是把弗洛姆的人本主义思想分别与法兰克福学派、精神分析学派代表人物及马克思的人本理论进行比较分析,通过对研究基点、研究的方法论以及解决路径等方面来总结弗洛姆人本主义思想的特质。第四部分是坚持客观辩证角度分析弗洛姆人本主义思想的价值和局限性以及对当代社会的启示。一方面肯定了弗洛姆的人本主义思想深化了对人性问题的认识,为资本主义社会的研究提供了新视角;另一方面也指出他的思想自身存在的局限性诸如在人性问题探讨上存在矛盾性、消除异化的道路缺乏有效性等。但是不可否认的是,对于构建和谐社会,打造人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐相处的社会,弗洛姆的理论仍然具有深刻的理论价值和现实意义,值得借鉴。 N2 - As a representative of humanism thinkers, Erich Fromm has been thinking and analyzing human problems all his life. Through the study and reflection of Freud, Marx and Frankfurt School theory, they have inherited and developed theories and opinions about human problems. Fromm gradually formed his own humanistic ideology.– This article mainly carries on the analysis to Fromm’s humanism thought, altogether divides into four parts. The first part examines the formation and development of Erich Fromm’s humanism. Mainly from two aspects of theory origin and realistic background, carding and analysis theory of the origin mainly talked about the critical absorption of Freud’s psychoanalysis, a new interpretation of Marx’s humanistic thought and inheritance of the Frankfurt school critical theory development, realistic background is from Fromm’s special personal life experiences and elaborates the time background of life.– The second part examines the main content of Fromm’s humanism. According to the basic theory is to explore the human nature to explain his theory of human nature; The core idea is the analysis of the >human survival dilemma<, that is, how to get out of the human survival dilemma in the state of alienation; The aim of the theory revolves around the exploration of a sound society.– The third part is to compare and analyze Fromm’s humanistic thought with Frankfurt school, the representative of psychoanalysis school and Marx’s humanistic theory, and summarize the characteristics of Fromm’s humanistic thought from the aspects of research basis, research methodology and solution path.– The fourth part analyzes the value and limitation of Fromm’s humanism and its enlightenment to the contemporary society from the perspective of objective dialectics. On the one hand, it affirms that Fromm’s humanistic thought deepens the understanding of human nature and provides a new perspective for the study of capitalist society. On the other hand, it also points out the limitations of his thoughts, such as the contradiction in the discussion of human nature and the lack of effectiveness of the road to eliminate alienation. However, it is undeniable that for the construction of a harmonious society and the creation of a society where people, people and nature, and people and society live in harmony, Fromm’s theory still has profound theoretical and practical significance and is worth learning. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Yue T1 - The Birth of Freedom and Its Possibility — Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由的诞生及其可能——基于弗洛姆《逃避自由》的思考] JF - Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation [文化创新比较研究], No. 33 (2019), 29-30. N2 - 自由在西方社会中常常被认为是最重要的政治价值,是人人向往的理想状态。它与人类是理性与自我意识的动物的观念相呼应,也为人们展现了满足利益或实现潜力的希望。>什么是自由?如何才能实现自由?<也一直是古往今来思想家们苦苦思索的问题。然而,在《逃避自由》一书中,弗洛姆从个人心理层面指出了自由的负担,揭示了在资本主义和大机器时代中下阶层的群众心理,即逃避自由。自我价值的消解、资本的垄断、新教的压迫和同类的竞争使得人的始发纽带断裂,与日俱增的孤独感和不安感使得人甚至渴望外界权威的统治,主动除掉个人自我和自由的负担,典型的威权政治法西斯主义因时而生。面临着现代种种危机,自由何以可能?事实上,自由必须通过社会途径得以表达和实现,也必须通过社会共同体的维系才能保障,因此,>善<的社会秩序是失落的自由最后的避难所。 N2 - In the western society, freedom is often regarded as the most important political value and an ideal state that everyone aspires to. It echoes the idea that human beings are rational and self-conscious animals, and it also shows people the hope of satisfying interests or realizing potential. >What is freedom? How can freedom be achieved?< It has also been a problem that thinkers have been thinking hard over the years. However, in the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm pointed out the burden of freedom from a personal psychological level, and revealed the mass psychology of the lower classes in the era of capitalism and the big machine, that is, escape from freedom. The dissolution of self-worth, the monopoly of capital, the oppression of Protestantism, and similar competition have broken people's originating bonds. The increasing sense of loneliness and anxiety makes people even yearn for the rule of external authority and take the initiative to remove the burden of personal self and freedom. Typical authoritarian politics, fascism, was born with time. In the face of various modern crises, how can freedom be possible? In fact, freedom must be expressed and realized through social channels, and it must also be safeguarded through the maintenance of social communities. Therefore, the >good< social order is the last refuge for lost freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lian, Xu T1 - Analysis of Fromm's Thought of Freedom [弗洛姆的自由思想探析] JF - Time Report 时代报告, No. 4 (2019), pp. 86-87. N2 - 为了让人的自由和解放问题能够得到哲学家们的广泛关注和深入思考,弗洛姆从所处的时代出发,从物质基础和社会政治结构上进行考察,这对整个马克思主义的发展来说是一种新的发展。 N2 - In order to make people's freedom and liberation problems get the attention and deep thinking of philosophers, Fromm starts from the era, from the material basis and the social political structure, this is the whole Marx. The development of the doctrine is a new development. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lian, Xu T1 - Fromm’s Critical Theory of Capitalism [弗洛姆的资本主义批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China 2019. N2 - 艾里希•弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是西方马克思主义者、法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一以及新弗洛伊德学派创始人。他的一生创造了很多值得我们进行借鉴并引发我们思考的理论,这篇文章是围绕他的资本主义批判思想进行深入探讨的,在弗洛姆的批判思想中主要针对的是现代西方资本主义社会存在的诸多漏洞,从新的角度去看,我们的社会还有很多问题亟待解决,这也是本论文选择去研究弗洛姆批判思想的初衷。本论文从弗洛姆资本主义批判理论的提出、资本主义批判理论主要内涵及影响、以及弗洛姆资本主义批判理论的意义三个方面尽全力来展示弗洛姆资本主义批判理论。本文将弗洛姆对西方资本主义的批判以及其设想构建健全社会的遐想和实现方式作为着重探讨对象。在弗洛姆的观点中,现代资本主义看起来是昌盛繁荣的,但透过现象看其背后,是作为一个病态社会般的存在,人的异化及社会的异化已经发展到了极为严重的情况下,弗洛姆对生产过程的异化、消费异化以及社会关系异化进行了批判。同时弗洛姆根据病态社会带来的问题,提出了>健全社会<的构想。弗洛姆将资本主义社会从心理、经济、政治、文化四个方面进行了变革,构建一个健全的社会。然而弗洛姆的理想世界过于美好,恰似一个乌托邦,理论也存在的一些不足之处,但马克思的观点和弗洛伊德的观点在弗洛姆这里得到了升华。弗洛姆社会批判理论经历了西方资本主义发展,深入研究并分析了西方社会,回答了当今社会人们面临的基本问题。我们通过对弗洛姆资本主义批判思想理论的研究发现,他的批判理论在当今的中国也是值得借鉴的,如今的中国无论是在经济、政治还是精神方面也都欠缺很多,在这些方面的建设期间最不能忽略的就是精神世界的丰富,这也为我国的发展提供了一个规避风险的途径。 N2 - Erich Fromm is a famous psychologist, philosopher, and sociologist of the 20th century. He is also one of the main representatives of Western Marxists, Frankfurt School, and the founder of the Neo-Freud School people. In his life, he created many theories that are worthy of us to draw on and cause us to think. This article is an in-depth discussion on his critical thoughts of capitalism. Fromm’s critical thoughts are mainly aimed at modern western capitalist society. There are many loopholes. From a new perspective, there are still many problems in our society that need to be solved urgently. This is also the original intention of this thesis to choose Fromm's critical thought. This thesis makes every effort to demonstrate Fromm’s critical theory from three aspects: the development of Fromm’s critical theory of capitalism, the main connotation and influence of capitalist’s critical theory, and the significance of Fromm’s critical theory. This article focuses on Fromm's critique of Western capitalism, and his imagination and realization of a sound society. In Fromm's point of view, modern capitalism seems to be prosperous and prosperous, but looking behind it through phenomena, it exists as a pathological society. Alienation of humans and alienation of society have developed into extremely serious situations Fromm criticized the alienation of the production process, the alienation of consumption, and the alienation of social relations. At the same time, Fromm put forward the concept of >sound society< according to the problems brought about by the sick society. Fromm has transformed the capitalist society from four aspects: psychological, economic, political, and cultural, to build a sound society. However, Fromm's ideal world is too beautiful, just like a utopia, and there are some shortcomings in the theory, but Marx's and Freud's views have been sublimated here. Fromm's social critical theory has undergone the development of western capitalism. It has thoroughly studied and analyzed western society, and answered basic questions facing people in today's society. Through our research on Fromm's theory of critical thought on capitalism, we find that his critical theory is also worthy of reference in today's China. Today's China lacks a lot in terms of economics, politics and spirituality. The most important thing that cannot be ignored during this period is the richness of the spiritual world, which also provides a way to avoid risks for China's development. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lijtmaer, Ruth T1 - Who are the torturers and suicide bombers? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 012-018. N2 - The world is regularly confronted by occurrences of mass violence wherein specific groups of a population are brutally killed, raped, and tortured by another group that considers its own behavior morally justifiable. There are social, economic, and political crises that lead to the scapegoating of one group designated as the enemy. It represents a mental instrument that validates dehumanizing the chosen enemy and gives >meaning< to the extermination of dangerous >elements< as part of a battle between good and evil. In the case of suicide bombers and terrorists, sacrifice and devotion to the ideology that promises martyrdom and support for sacred ideals are requirements. Some researchers talk about the personality of the torturer, particularly about how some childrearing practices annihilate children’s sense of self by teaching them to be obedient to authority. Others talk about the role of moral disengagement and the role of specialized military training. Psychoanalytic thinkers emphasize that the key mechanisms at work in these atrocities are splitting, paranoid projections, projective identification, sadomasochistic forces, strong mechanisms of negation and dissociation, and an extremely weak social identity. Those who commit evil acts seldom perceive their actions as evil. This paper focuses on the social influences that lead to dehumanizing and blaming the >other,< and childrearing practices that influence the creation of the genocidal mentality. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindenman, Catherine V. T1 - The psychological science of Gustave Flaubert JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 003-013. N2 - Flaubert claimed mastery in matters of style in the French language as well as in the psychological sciences. Mastery in both areas is on clear display in the writing of Madame Bovary. Our heroine presents as a new kind of personality, namely as someone who depends greatly on sensory experience in order to maintain her emotional equilibrium. So, when under stress, she can only find some kind of soothing comfort in her perfumes, silks, and cashmeres. This dynamic pattern leaves her at a disadvantage when tasked with higher level life requirements – such as the payment of bills, the very thing that, in the end, causes her ruin. Dynamically, failures of memory and the resulting fragmentation of experience leave her with a precarious sense of self. For our heroine, there is little ability to link present experience to the past and therefore no possibility of metaphoric or symbolic thinking; in other words, she is condemned to repeat. Flaubert felt that Madame Bovary would only have original value as the sum of his psychological understandings. Further, he hoped his psychological work, often hidden under the form, would be deeply felt by the reader, as it was by him. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Jingjing T1 - To Have or to Be: Twisted Existence in >Seize the Day< [占有还是存在—论《只争朝夕》中的扭曲生存方式], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 贝娄作品中的人物大部分都是犹太人,因此学者们常常从犹太性或犹太和美国的双重语境研究《只争朝夕》。一些学者从存在主义的角度研究犹太人的存在困境。虽然研究视角不同,但学者们一致认为,小说的主人公威尔姆遭受着生存困境,小说结尾表达了贝娄对人性的肯定。然而,对于小说中反映的社会现实的研究,学者们往往把研究视角集中于威尔姆,较少探究小说中呈现的当时整个美国社会的存在方式。本论文的创新之处在于两个方面:第一,它研究了当时美国社会普遍的扭曲生存方式:重占有和异化;其次,主要从人本主义心理学的角度探讨造成扭曲生存方式的原因和可能的出路。本文以弗洛姆的人文主义精神分析理论和马斯洛的自我实现理论为基础,从现代美国城市居民扭曲生存方式这一现象入手,接着详细分析了这一现象产生的原因。全文共分五章。第一章简要介绍了作者索尔•贝娄,《只争朝夕》的情节和文献综述以及本篇论文的原创性、结构和内容。第二章分别介绍了本篇论文的两个理论基础:弗洛姆的人文主义精神分析理论,包括重存在和重占有两种生存方式,异化和生产性取向;马斯洛的自我实现理论,包括自我实现的定义和自我实现者的特征。第三章分析了两种主要的扭曲生存方式。首先,分析了自我异化的内涵并指出自我异化者具有的不同类型的重占有方式。自我异化的人不能体验到>真实自我<是活动的主体。他们受到欲望或>虚假自我<的驱使,违背自己的本性进行异化活动从而占有一些东西。因此他们总是担心失去所有物,有着强烈的不安全感。为了维持安全感,小说中的这些人物形成了对金钱和地位等自身之外的力量的顺从崇拜。这种崇拜包括两类重占有的方式:年长一辈,自力更生的成功人士如艾德勒医生和拉巴包特先生身上体现的囤积取向;较年轻的中产阶级如威尔姆身上体现的消费倾向。其次,本文从两个方面分析了当时美国社会中异化的人际关系。在社交中,人们表面上友好,内心深处则是冷漠,是一种相互利用的关系。在家庭中,缺失了和谐和关心,家庭成员之间的疏离更加明显。第四章着重从人本主义心理学的角度探讨出现扭曲存在方式的原因,主要从四个方面进行了探讨:没有>生产性的爱<的能力,没有>做出正确选择<的能力,没有>抛弃虚假自我<的能力,没有>活在当下<的能力。这些能力的缺乏导致他们不认同自己的真实自我,盲目追求外在的力量以谋取自身利益。因此,为了尽可能改善这种情况,这四种能力的发展至关重要。最后一章重申本篇论文的论点。贝娄意图通过《只争朝夕》一书揭示20世纪50年代美国人的扭曲存在方式,通过描绘一群心理不健康的人物,表达他对于一个促进人的自我健康发展的健全社会的期望。本篇论文的意义在于试图通过探究造成这种扭曲存在方式的四个主要原因,找到贝娄暗指的出路:不断减少重占有的生存方式和在>存在<中成长 N2 - Characters in Saul Bellow’s works are most Jews, thus scholars often study >Seize the Day< from the cultural perspectives, such as Jewishness or the dual contexts of Jew and America. And some study Jew’s existence plight from the perspective of existentialism. Although the research perspectives are different, scholars agree that the protagonist Wilhelm in the novelette suffers from an existence predicament and that the ending expresses Bellow’s affirmation of humanity. Yet, as to the study of social realities reflected in the novelette, scholars often concentrate on the protagonist, Wilhelm. Research devoted to exploring the way of existence in the whole society presented in the novelette is rare. The originality of this thesis lies in two aspects: firstly, it studies twisted existence, the having mode and alienation that is common among contemporary American industrial society; secondly, it focuses on the reasons for the twisted existence and possible solutions from the perspective of humanistic psychology. Based on theories of Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis and Maslow’s theory of self-actualization, this thesis starts with the phenomenon of twisted existence of dwellers in modern American city shown in >Seize the Day< and then gives a detailed analysis of reasons for the phenomenon. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is a brief introduction to the profile of Saul Bellow and the plot of >Seize the Day< and the literature review of the novelette. It also indicates the originality and the framework of this thesis. Chapter two respectively introduces two theoretical foundations: Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis including the having mode and the being mode, alienation and productive orientations; Maslow’s theory of self-actualization including the definition of self-actualization and characteristics of self-actualizers. Chapter three gives an analysis of two main twisted ways of existence.– First, it analyzes the connotation of self-alienation and points out different types of mode of having of self-alienated characters. Self-alienated people cannot experience their >true self< as the subject of their activity. They are driven by the desire or the >pretender self< to conduct alienated activity against their nature and acquire possessions. As a result, they have a strong sense of insecurity for fear that they will lose the possessions. In order to maintain the sense of security, these characters in the novelette develop a submissive worship of powers outside themselves like money and status. It consists of two types of having mode: the hoarding orientation appeared in the self-reliant and successful senior generation represented by Dr. Adler and Mr. Rappaport; and consumer-buying orientation appeared in the younger middle-class represented by Wilhelm.– Second, the thesis analyzes the alienated interrelationships in American society from two aspects. In social contact, people superficially maintain a friendly relationship while deep down are indifferent to each other with calculation. In family, there is a loss of harmony and care and more apparent alienation among family members. Chapter four concentrates on exploring the reasons for their twisted existence from the perspective of humanistic psychology. The reasons should be explored from four aspects: incapability for productive love, incapability to make proper choices, incapability to discard the pretender self and incapability to live here and now. The lack of these capabilities leads to their disability of identifying with their true self and blindly pursuing outside powers for self-interest. Therefore the key point of possible solutions to this situation should be put on the development of these capabilities. The final chapter restates the thesis statement. Bellow intends to reveal the twisted way of existence of American people in the 1950s through Seize the Day. He also expresses the expectation of a sane society which can promote the healthy development of people’s self by depicting a group of psychologically unhealthy characters. The significance of this thesis lies in that by exploring the four major reasons for such twisted existence, it attempts to find the possible solution implied by Bellow: increasing the being mode and reducing the >having mode<. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Chenxin T1 - From Individual Unconscious to Social Representation: A Study of Oedipus Complex from Multiple Perspectives [从个体无意识到社会表征:多重视野下的俄狄浦斯情结研究], Master thesis, Arts, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 俄狄浦斯情结是弗洛伊德提出的一个精神分析学概念,自1918年在《爱情心理学》中公开使用以来产生了广泛的影响。它不仅作为精神分析理论的核心概念对弗洛伊德的学说至关重要,而且还在其他领域产生了重要的影响,例如,文学艺术领域和社会文化领域。经过弗洛伊德的后继者对俄狄浦斯情结长时间的使用,它的内涵也不断被丰富和拓展,其影响也日益深远。本文即是以俄狄浦斯情结为研究对象,通过两条线索、三种视野对俄狄浦斯情结的发展展开的研究,旨在达到对俄狄浦斯情结发展过程较为全面的认识。文章在此基础上分析了其在不同领域具有的价值,进而从总体上对俄狄浦斯情结进行总结评价并说明它的本质特性。通过从不同视野对俄狄浦斯情结分析、对比,获得对其本质特性的认识:它是社会文化内化于个体无意识中的实存精神现象,是不同文化语境中权力话语下基本的家庭结构关系。在不同的文化语境下它以不同的样式呈现出来,俄狄浦斯情结、代情结和美拉尼西亚社会中的弑母舅娶姊妹的欲望即是以不同的样式呈现于社会之中的典型代表。其中,对俄狄浦斯情结文学价值的阐述放在了俄狄浦斯情结的价值与评价一章中,根据其发展过程阐述了它在不同发展阶段具有的文学理论和文学批评的价值。对俄狄浦斯情结的研究即是在这两条线索和三种视野的统辖下展开的,研究的主要内容如下:第一,在个体无意识的原初视野下,分析了弗洛伊德建构俄狄浦斯情结的动因、它的基本内涵和“真实、幻想、概念和神话”的多重身份。通过分析其与神经症、性本能和人格结构的关系说明它核心概念的地位。克莱因通过早期焦虑探讨了婴儿心理的俄狄浦斯冲突。第二,在语言维度视野中,拉康将俄狄浦斯情结拓展为一个象征性的三元结构,并阐述了这个三元结构与拉康无意识、欲望和三界理论的关系。第三,社会文化视野下,主要阐述了俄狄浦斯情结具有的社会文化表征性。具体来说,在弗洛姆与马林诺夫斯基理论观念中体现了俄狄浦斯情结的父权制文化表征性;在反俄狄浦斯中,它表征了父权制下的资本主义社会文化;与代情结的对比中,体现了它的文化差异表征性。第四,说明俄狄浦斯情结的深远影响,分析俄狄浦斯情结在各领域中的价值和对其进行整体性评价。 N2 - Oedipus complex is a psychoanalytic concept put forward by Freud. It has had a wide influence since it was publicly used in Psychology of Love in 1918. It is not only the core concept of psychoanalytic theory, but also has an important influence on Freud’s theory in other fields. For example, in the field of literature and art and in the field of social culture. After a long period of use of Oedipus Complex by Freud’s successors, its connotation has been constantly enriched and expanded, and its influence has become increasingly far-reaching. This thesis is based on the Oedipus complex as the research object, through two clues and three perspectives on the development process of Oedipus complex. The purposes of thesis are to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the development process of Oedipus complex and to analyze its value in different fields on this basis. Then it summarizes and evaluates Oedipus complex overall and explains its essential characteristics. Through the analysis and comparison of Oedipus complex from different perspectives, we can get the understanding of its essential characteris¬tics. It is an existential spiritual phenomenon internalized by social culture into individual unconsciousness and a basic structural relationship under power discourse in different cultural contexts. The Oedipus complex, Generation Complex and the desire to marry an uncle and a sister in Melanesian society are typical representatives of different styles in different cultural contexts. The literary value of Oedipus complex is elaborated in the chapter of value and evaluation of Oedipus complex. According to its development process, this thesis expounds its value of literary theory and literary criticism in different stages of development. The study of Oedipus complex is carried out under the control of these two clues and three perspectives. The main contents of the study are as follows: First, this thesis analyses Freud’s motivation to construct Oedipus complex from the original perspective of individual unconscious, its basic connotation and the multiple identities of >truth, fantasy, concept and myth<. Through the analysis of its relationship with neurosis, sexual instinct and personality structure, the position of its core concepts is explained. Klein explored the Oedipus conflict of infant psychology through early anxiety.– Second, Lacan develops the Oedipus complex into a symbolic ternary structure, and expounds the relationship between this ternary structure and Lacan’s unconsciousness, desire and tri-boundary theory from the perspective of linguistic dimension.– Third, this thesis mainly expounds the social and cultural characterization of Oedipus complex from the perspective of social culture. Specifically, the patriarchal cultural representation of Oedipus complex is embodied in Fromm’s and Malinowski’s theoretical concepts. In Anti-Oedipus, it represents the capitalist social culture under patriarchy, and in contrast with the Generation Complex, it reflects the characterization of cultural differences.– Fourth, this thesis illustrates the far-reaching influence of Oedipus Complex, analyses the value of Oedipus Complex in various fields and evaluates it. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Lan T1 - Value and Degradation of Socialist Labor Values – An Analysis Using Fromm’s Thoughts about Freedom [社会主义劳动价值观对弗洛姆自由思想的解构及价值] JF - Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy & Social Science Edition) [齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)] No. 12 (2019), pp. 46-48. N2 - 弗洛姆作为西方颇具影响的思想家之一,在其《逃避自由》一书中提出自由思想,认为个体在自由发展过程中,虽然摆脱了生产力、社会制度的约束,但却受到>自由<后孤独的牵绊,无法获得精神上的满足感。现代社会中社会经济快速发展,人们在解放双手后获得身体的自由,但是精神上却出现了破坏欲、权威主义和机械趋同的孤独现象,无法获得身心的完全自由。以弗洛姆的自由思想为切入点,结合社会主义劳动价值观,分析自由与劳动的关系可以为解决社会心理孤独问题提供启示。 N2 - As one of the most influential thinkers in the West, Fromm put forward the idea of freedom in his book >Escape from Freedom< Although individuals get rid of the restriction of productivity and social system, they are still trapped by the lonely, and could not obtain spiritual satisfaction. In modern society, social economy has developed rapidly. After liberation the hands, people gained the physical freedom. However, they have lonely thoughts of destructive desire, authoritarianism and mechanical convergence in spirit, and cannot obtain the complete freedom of the body and mind. In the perspective of Fromm’s free thought, the paper analyses the relationship between freedom and labor, combined with socialist labor values, which provides enlightenment for solving the social lonely psychological problems. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER -