TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Freud, Ferenczi, Fromm: The Authoritarian Character as Magic Helper JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 104-114. N2 - This chapter employs Fromm’s concept of the >magic helper< to analyze the symbiotic nature of the Freud-Ferenczi relationship. Because both sadists and masochists, according to Fromm, are unable to tolerate genuine freedom, the sadist is dependent on the masochist, no less than the masochist is dependent on the sadist. As Clara Thompson, who was in analysis with both Ferenczi and Fromm, recognized, Ferenczi suffered from his need to be loved and accepted by Freud, and unconsciously resented him for that reason. Fromm’s contrast between the >original self< and the >pseudo self< parallels Winnicott’s antithesis between the True Self and the False Self, as well as Horney’s antinomy between the >real self< and >phony self.< Marcuse’s critique of Fromm is based on an adherence to Freud’s outmoded drive theory. Whereas Freud plays the role of what Daniel Shaw calls the >traumatizing narcissist< in his relationship with Ferenczi, Ferenczi, until his emancipation in his final years, exhibits the deformations resulting from what Bernard Brandchaft calls >pathological accommodation.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - The Other Side of the Story: Severn on Ferenczi and Mutual Analysis JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 117-136. N2 - This chapter presents the discovery that Elizabeth Severn’s 1933 book, The Discovery of the Self, contains disguised case histories of both herself and Ferenczi, and thereby constitutes a companion volume to Ferenczi’s Clinical Diary. From having been known primarily as >R.N.,< the most important patient in the Diary, Severn emerges as a subject and original contributor to psychoanalysis in her own right. Severn’s reception of Ferenczi’s legacy is compared to that of two of his other American patients, Izette de Forest and Clara Thompson, the latter of whom envied Severn for her closeness to Ferenczi. Multiple correspondences between the accounts of Ferenczi and Severn of their mutual analysis, as well as of their histories, are set forth. The significance of Strindberg’s play, The Father, for Ferenczi’s transference to Severn is examined. Ferenczi and Severn are shown to have been two deeply traumatized individuals who healed themselves by finding their spiritual counterparts in each other. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Trauma and Dissociation: Ferenczi between Freud and Severn JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 137-151. N2 - The conflict between Freud and Ferenczi during Ferenczi’s final period centers as much on their differences in technique as on Ferenczi’s revival of Freud’s pre-1897 trauma theory. Severn is the first patient since the 1890s whose childhood sexual trauma was the focus of her analysis, just as she was the first since Anna O. whose trauma-based dissociation was integral to her treatment. The corollary of the revival of trauma theory is a model of the mind based not on repression but dissociation. Ferenczi belongs to a tradition of analysts including Breuer, Fairbairn, and Sullivan who worked with a dissociation model. The fountainhead of this tradition is Janet, but though Ferenczi read and quoted from Janet, no references to Janet are found in Ferenczi’s work after 1924, when he began to move away from Freud. It is necessary to integrate scholarship on Ferenczi with the vast body of work on dissociation. Ferenczi is situated between Freud and Severn. Reversing the traditional verdicts, Ferenczi’s relationship to Freud is viewed as an enactment, whereas his relationship with Severn constitutes an authentic dialogue. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Groddeck’s Lessons JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 152-163. N2 - This chapter examines both >Groddeck’s teaching,< in the sense of the enduing value of his contributions to psychoanalysis, as well as >Groddeck’s lessons,< that is, what we can learn from his blind spots. The question of who is a psychoanalyst stands at the center of Groddeck’s relationship to Freud, and in accepting Groddeck’s assertion that transference and resistance are the >hubs of treatment,< Freud offers his most expansive definition of a psychoanalyst. Groddeck’s genius is most fully displayed in The Book of the It, the epistolary form of which casts him at once in the roles of analyst and patient. From Groddeck’s biography, it is clear that he was an extremely traumatized individual, as is further attested by his analysis in Letter 25 of his penchant for the number 26,783. But Groddeck does not recognize that he has been traumatized, and his one-sided theory that the It is >responsible for everything< reflects his inability to give due weight to environmental factors. Despite his astonishing candor, Groddeck never discusses his divorce from his first wife or the tragic story of his daughter Barbara, wounds that must have too painful for him to expose to the gaze of the reading public. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Othello and Macbeth: Complementary Borderline Pathologies at the Basic Fault JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 167-186. N2 - This chapter employs Caroline Polmear’s contemporary reinterpretation of Michael Balint’s concept of the basic fault as a lens through which to read Othello and Macbeth. In Polmear’s view, borderline pathology arises due to a traumatic rupture in the primal bond between mother and child, and it can take the form of either ocnophilia (clinging to people) or philobatism (clinging to spaces). It is proposed that Othello and Macbeth are representations of these complementary character-types. Othello cannot tolerate any separation from Desdemona, while Macbeth retreats into schizoid isolation. The handkerchief, the loss of which is tantamount to the loss of Desdemona’s love, was received by Othello from his mother at the time of her death, while in Macbeth the rupture of the mother-child bond is figured both in Macduff’s having been >untimely ripped< from his mother’s womb and by Lady Macbeth’s description of killing the baby that was nursing at her breast. Two clinical examples—one of an actual patient, the other of Philip Roth—are offered to illustrate the reciprocal interplay of literature and psychoanalysis. It is argued that the traditional notion of >applied psychoanalysis< should be replaced by what might be called, following Shoshana Felman, >implied psychoanalysis,< or what Fromm has called >literary psychoanalysis.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - >I Am Not What I Am<: Iago and Negative Transcendence JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 187-204. N2 - This chapter tackles the perennial critical conundrum of Iago’s motivation. Agreeing with Coleridge’s assessment of his >motiveless malignity,< it argues that all attempts to explain Iago’s character in terms of individual psychology prove inadequate and that he can be more satisfactorily understood by employing Fromm’s concept of >social character.< Iago is the prototype of early modern capitalist man who exhibits the >pathology of normalcy< and exemplifies three of Fromm’s four >unproductive orientations<—exploitative, hoarding, and marketing. Iago’s lack of a sense of self leads him to destroy rather than to create, and thus manifests the impulse for negative transcendence, or what Fromm terms necrophilia. As necrophilia is the most malignant form of the anal character, this analysis accounts for the pervasiveness of anal imagery in Othello, including in the speeches of the otherwise feeble Clown. Iago, neither devil nor human, is at once a product of his age and the quintessence of all those, from Caligula to Hitler, for whom madness is a way of life because they seek to transcend through destruction the limits of human existence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Did Freud Masturbate? The Folly of Elisabeth Roudinesco JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 205-214. N2 - This chapter takes to task Elisabeth Roudinesco’s biography, Freud in His Time and Others, for innumerable factual errors and, even worse, for the assumption that she is presenting the objective truth about Freud. Three traditions of Freud biography are delineated: the hagiographic, of which Roudinesco’s is the latest example, the Freud-bashing, and the revisionist, which sees Freud as having created something incontestably great but also as having been tragically flawed as a human being. Roudinesco’s errors range from the trivial, to the mildly compromising, to the inexcusable and disqualifying. With respect to Jung, Roudinesco is shown to rely on Deirdre Bair’s biography, which is itself unreliable, instead of on her own reading of the primary sources. Roudinesco’s true colors are displayed above all in her treatment of Freud’s sexuality, as when she asserts that he has been >accused< of masturbation, claims that an affair with his sister-in-law >doubtless never happened,< and alleges that Freud had a >horror of adultery.< The all-too-human Freud was very different from the lifeless icon worshiped by Roudinesco. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Catherine T1 - Rethinking Erich Fromm's Analysis of Power Relations in Socio-Psychological Research and Through the Social Third in the Clinical Encounter JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 230-243. N2 - This paper explores Fromm’s dialectic analysis of power relations as it applies to the dynamics of change at the societal and personal levels. First, the paper discusses the use of empirical research—system justification theory—to test the impact of socio-psychological and structural resistances to change. Second, it looks at the concept of The Social Third to illustrate Fromm’s clinical approach around connectedness, subjectivity, narcissism, internalization of normative structures and the centrality of the concept of social character in shaping the dynamics of change. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019t Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019t ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Katrin T1 - Contested Common Ground and the Question of Emancipatory Value. Applying Fromm's Radical Humanism and Social Narcissism to the Discourse on Refugees and the Nation JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 153-160. N2 - Universality is being deconstructed within contemporary social struggles. Focusing on struggles around the discourse on refugees and the nation, and so-called >welcome culture< in the German context in particular, questions arise regarding the emancipatory potential of emerging narratives of a contested common ground (Hark et al. 2015). This article proposes Erich Fromm's understanding of >radical humanism< (1968a) and its line of argumentation towards >global solidarity< (Wilde 2013) instead of national >group narcissism< (Fromm 1964a) as a normative base to evaluate the emancipatory value of emerging narratives. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019l Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019l ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wulf, Rüdiger T1 - Die Realität des Strafvollzugs: Chancen, Grenzen und Gefahren JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 23 / 2019, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 035-052. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d23/2019c Y1 - 2019 VL - d23/2019c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huppke, Andrea T1 - IFPS 1960–1985: A new home for international and German psychoanalysis? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 236-244. N2 - The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) was established in 1962. The first 20 years of the Federation were a time when psychoanalysis was divided into so-called liberal and orthodox factions. The (then orthodox) International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) did not admit all psychoanalytic societies, and some societies did not want to join it. In the IFPS, non-IPA-psychoanalysts from Europe, the USA, and South and Middle America came together to discuss their new approaches to psychoanalysis and to find ways to better cope with their patients’ problems. At the beginning an informal organization of autonomous societies, the IFPS persisted for 12 years without a charter. The first three secretary generals came from the German Psychoanalytical Society and greatly influenced the first few years of the IFPS. The IFPS held several international conferences, and new psychoanalytic societies became members. In 1977, after the VIth Forum in Berlin, the IFPS fell into an identity crisis. The conflicts centered on the assumption of responsibility, the authority of the members, and how to understand the aim and sense of the organization. This article deals with the theoretical background of the early IFPS and the development of its self-concept. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Innocenti, Gionata T1 - Der Held seines eigenen Dramas. Aktuelle Überlegungen zur Natur des Menschen auf Grundlage der Theorien Erich Fromms, ins Deutsche übersetzt von Henrike Engelhardt, Florenz (Istituto de Psicoterapia Analitica Firenze), 2019, 144 pp. [cf. Innocenti_G_2018] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langer, Phil T1 - Sozial- als Friedenspsychologie denken. Perspektiven einer notwendigen Aktualisierung eines Forschungsprogramms JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 69-119. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lanwerd, Susanne T1 - Kultur und Religion. Eine Frage der Evidenz JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 121-142. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joannidis, Christo T1 - Triangularity in separation JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 147-154. N2 - Traditional psychoanalytic literature tends to present issues of separation as a two-person dilemma. Current understanding, however, seems to challenge that view. The recent realization that there is no such thing as a baby, but only a mother-and-baby unit, has opened the way to the further understanding that there is no such thing as a mother-and-baby unit >extra-context<. In other words, there is always a father in the background – be he real or phantasized. Separation, therefore, cannot but be conceptualized as involving a triangle. It should never be forgotten that Oedipus’s own life history starts with a separation initiated by a father and acquiesced with by a mother. The aim of this paper is to present some thoughts on the Oedipal (i.e., triangular) dimension of separation. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchhoff, Christine T1 - Das Unbehagen deuten. Denken in Gesellschaft mit der Psychoanalyse JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 17-33. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamont, Michèle T1 - From ‘having’ to ‘being’: self-worth and the current crisis of American society JF - The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 70 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 660-707. N2 - With growing inequality, the American dream is becoming less effective as a collective myth. With its focus on material success, competition and self-reliance, the intensified diffusion of neoliberal scripts of the self is leading the uppermiddle class toward a mental health crisis while the working class and lowincome groups do not have the resources needed to live the dream. African Americans, Latinos and undocumented immigrants, who are presumed to lack self-reliance, face more rigid boundaries. One possible way forward is broadening cultural membership by promoting new narratives of hope centered on a plurality of criteria of worth, ‘ordinary universalism’ and destigmatizing stigmatized groups. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN ED - Kirchhoff, Christine ED - et al., T1 - Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, 160 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koritar, Entre T1 - Review Raluca Soreanu: Working-through collective wounds: Trauma, denial, recognition in the Brazilian uprising JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 247-248. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas T1 - Kritisch, kühn, kreativ. Der humanistische Ansatz einer analytischen Sozialpsychologie im Spiegel gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen JF - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 35-68. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas A1 - Niedermeier, Anna A1 - Babic, Edvin T1 - New Work und die Bedeutung von Organisationskultur, Team- und Beziehungsarbeit – eine Mitarbeiterbefragung JF - Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching, Wiesbaden (Springer Fachmedien) 2019, 14 pp. N2 - Anknüpfend an eine Mitarbeiterbefragung bei BNP Paribas Personal Investors Deutschland wird aufgezeigt, dass Diskurse um New Work auch in einem großen Konzernverbund ein wichtiger Antreiber für die Gestaltung von Wandlungsprozessen sind und motivierend in Verbindung mit Aufbruchsstimmung wirken können. Gleichzeitig gilt es, auf bewährten Grundsätzen von Unternehmensführung und Teamarbeit aufzubauen und die Möglichkeiten von New Work nicht zu idealisieren. Partizipation und Mitbestimmung sind wichtig, aber nur auf der Grundlage transparenter Entscheidungswege, einer durch Wertschätzung geprägten Organisationskultur und durch qualitativ hochwertige Arbeitsbeziehungen effizient. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Yan T1 - A Further Exploration of Erich Fromm’s Humanism Thought and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆人本主义思想及其当代启示再探], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2019. N2 - 弗洛姆作为人本主义思想家的代表人物,他的一生都围绕着人的问题展开思考和分析。通过对弗洛伊德、马克思以及法兰克福学派理论的研读和反思,继承并发展了他们关于人的问题相关理论和观点,弗洛姆逐渐形成自己的人本主义思想体系。本文主要是对弗洛姆人本主义思想进行再探分析,共分为四个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的形成和发展过程。主要从理论渊源和现实背景两个方面进行梳理和分析,其中理论渊源主要谈到对弗洛伊德精神分析学的批判吸收、对马克思人本思想的继承与阐发以及对法兰克福学派批判理论的运用与发展,现实背景与发展轨迹则是从弗洛姆个人一生的特殊经历和生活的时代背景进行阐述。第二部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的主要内容。按照基本理论是对人性的探究来阐释他的人性理论;核心思想是对>人的困境<问题分析,即人陷入异化状态如何走出生存困境;理论归旨围绕健全社会的的探索来展开论述。第三部分是把弗洛姆的人本主义思想分别与法兰克福学派、精神分析学派代表人物及马克思的人本理论进行比较分析,通过对研究基点、研究的方法论以及解决路径等方面来总结弗洛姆人本主义思想的特质。第四部分是坚持客观辩证角度分析弗洛姆人本主义思想的价值和局限性以及对当代社会的启示。一方面肯定了弗洛姆的人本主义思想深化了对人性问题的认识,为资本主义社会的研究提供了新视角;另一方面也指出他的思想自身存在的局限性诸如在人性问题探讨上存在矛盾性、消除异化的道路缺乏有效性等。但是不可否认的是,对于构建和谐社会,打造人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐相处的社会,弗洛姆的理论仍然具有深刻的理论价值和现实意义,值得借鉴。 N2 - As a representative of humanism thinkers, Erich Fromm has been thinking and analyzing human problems all his life. Through the study and reflection of Freud, Marx and Frankfurt School theory, they have inherited and developed theories and opinions about human problems. Fromm gradually formed his own humanistic ideology.– This article mainly carries on the analysis to Fromm’s humanism thought, altogether divides into four parts. The first part examines the formation and development of Erich Fromm’s humanism. Mainly from two aspects of theory origin and realistic background, carding and analysis theory of the origin mainly talked about the critical absorption of Freud’s psychoanalysis, a new interpretation of Marx’s humanistic thought and inheritance of the Frankfurt school critical theory development, realistic background is from Fromm’s special personal life experiences and elaborates the time background of life.– The second part examines the main content of Fromm’s humanism. According to the basic theory is to explore the human nature to explain his theory of human nature; The core idea is the analysis of the >human survival dilemma<, that is, how to get out of the human survival dilemma in the state of alienation; The aim of the theory revolves around the exploration of a sound society.– The third part is to compare and analyze Fromm’s humanistic thought with Frankfurt school, the representative of psychoanalysis school and Marx’s humanistic theory, and summarize the characteristics of Fromm’s humanistic thought from the aspects of research basis, research methodology and solution path.– The fourth part analyzes the value and limitation of Fromm’s humanism and its enlightenment to the contemporary society from the perspective of objective dialectics. On the one hand, it affirms that Fromm’s humanistic thought deepens the understanding of human nature and provides a new perspective for the study of capitalist society. On the other hand, it also points out the limitations of his thoughts, such as the contradiction in the discussion of human nature and the lack of effectiveness of the road to eliminate alienation. However, it is undeniable that for the construction of a harmonious society and the creation of a society where people, people and nature, and people and society live in harmony, Fromm’s theory still has profound theoretical and practical significance and is worth learning. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Yue T1 - The Birth of Freedom and Its Possibility — Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由的诞生及其可能——基于弗洛姆《逃避自由》的思考] JF - Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation [文化创新比较研究], No. 33 (2019), 29-30. N2 - 自由在西方社会中常常被认为是最重要的政治价值,是人人向往的理想状态。它与人类是理性与自我意识的动物的观念相呼应,也为人们展现了满足利益或实现潜力的希望。>什么是自由?如何才能实现自由?<也一直是古往今来思想家们苦苦思索的问题。然而,在《逃避自由》一书中,弗洛姆从个人心理层面指出了自由的负担,揭示了在资本主义和大机器时代中下阶层的群众心理,即逃避自由。自我价值的消解、资本的垄断、新教的压迫和同类的竞争使得人的始发纽带断裂,与日俱增的孤独感和不安感使得人甚至渴望外界权威的统治,主动除掉个人自我和自由的负担,典型的威权政治法西斯主义因时而生。面临着现代种种危机,自由何以可能?事实上,自由必须通过社会途径得以表达和实现,也必须通过社会共同体的维系才能保障,因此,>善<的社会秩序是失落的自由最后的避难所。 N2 - In the western society, freedom is often regarded as the most important political value and an ideal state that everyone aspires to. It echoes the idea that human beings are rational and self-conscious animals, and it also shows people the hope of satisfying interests or realizing potential. >What is freedom? How can freedom be achieved?< It has also been a problem that thinkers have been thinking hard over the years. However, in the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm pointed out the burden of freedom from a personal psychological level, and revealed the mass psychology of the lower classes in the era of capitalism and the big machine, that is, escape from freedom. The dissolution of self-worth, the monopoly of capital, the oppression of Protestantism, and similar competition have broken people's originating bonds. The increasing sense of loneliness and anxiety makes people even yearn for the rule of external authority and take the initiative to remove the burden of personal self and freedom. Typical authoritarian politics, fascism, was born with time. In the face of various modern crises, how can freedom be possible? In fact, freedom must be expressed and realized through social channels, and it must also be safeguarded through the maintenance of social communities. Therefore, the >good< social order is the last refuge for lost freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lian, Xu T1 - Analysis of Fromm's Thought of Freedom [弗洛姆的自由思想探析] JF - Time Report 时代报告, No. 4 (2019), pp. 86-87. N2 - 为了让人的自由和解放问题能够得到哲学家们的广泛关注和深入思考,弗洛姆从所处的时代出发,从物质基础和社会政治结构上进行考察,这对整个马克思主义的发展来说是一种新的发展。 N2 - In order to make people's freedom and liberation problems get the attention and deep thinking of philosophers, Fromm starts from the era, from the material basis and the social political structure, this is the whole Marx. The development of the doctrine is a new development. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lian, Xu T1 - Fromm’s Critical Theory of Capitalism [弗洛姆的资本主义批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China 2019. N2 - 艾里希•弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是西方马克思主义者、法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一以及新弗洛伊德学派创始人。他的一生创造了很多值得我们进行借鉴并引发我们思考的理论,这篇文章是围绕他的资本主义批判思想进行深入探讨的,在弗洛姆的批判思想中主要针对的是现代西方资本主义社会存在的诸多漏洞,从新的角度去看,我们的社会还有很多问题亟待解决,这也是本论文选择去研究弗洛姆批判思想的初衷。本论文从弗洛姆资本主义批判理论的提出、资本主义批判理论主要内涵及影响、以及弗洛姆资本主义批判理论的意义三个方面尽全力来展示弗洛姆资本主义批判理论。本文将弗洛姆对西方资本主义的批判以及其设想构建健全社会的遐想和实现方式作为着重探讨对象。在弗洛姆的观点中,现代资本主义看起来是昌盛繁荣的,但透过现象看其背后,是作为一个病态社会般的存在,人的异化及社会的异化已经发展到了极为严重的情况下,弗洛姆对生产过程的异化、消费异化以及社会关系异化进行了批判。同时弗洛姆根据病态社会带来的问题,提出了>健全社会<的构想。弗洛姆将资本主义社会从心理、经济、政治、文化四个方面进行了变革,构建一个健全的社会。然而弗洛姆的理想世界过于美好,恰似一个乌托邦,理论也存在的一些不足之处,但马克思的观点和弗洛伊德的观点在弗洛姆这里得到了升华。弗洛姆社会批判理论经历了西方资本主义发展,深入研究并分析了西方社会,回答了当今社会人们面临的基本问题。我们通过对弗洛姆资本主义批判思想理论的研究发现,他的批判理论在当今的中国也是值得借鉴的,如今的中国无论是在经济、政治还是精神方面也都欠缺很多,在这些方面的建设期间最不能忽略的就是精神世界的丰富,这也为我国的发展提供了一个规避风险的途径。 N2 - Erich Fromm is a famous psychologist, philosopher, and sociologist of the 20th century. He is also one of the main representatives of Western Marxists, Frankfurt School, and the founder of the Neo-Freud School people. In his life, he created many theories that are worthy of us to draw on and cause us to think. This article is an in-depth discussion on his critical thoughts of capitalism. Fromm’s critical thoughts are mainly aimed at modern western capitalist society. There are many loopholes. From a new perspective, there are still many problems in our society that need to be solved urgently. This is also the original intention of this thesis to choose Fromm's critical thought. This thesis makes every effort to demonstrate Fromm’s critical theory from three aspects: the development of Fromm’s critical theory of capitalism, the main connotation and influence of capitalist’s critical theory, and the significance of Fromm’s critical theory. This article focuses on Fromm's critique of Western capitalism, and his imagination and realization of a sound society. In Fromm's point of view, modern capitalism seems to be prosperous and prosperous, but looking behind it through phenomena, it exists as a pathological society. Alienation of humans and alienation of society have developed into extremely serious situations Fromm criticized the alienation of the production process, the alienation of consumption, and the alienation of social relations. At the same time, Fromm put forward the concept of >sound society< according to the problems brought about by the sick society. Fromm has transformed the capitalist society from four aspects: psychological, economic, political, and cultural, to build a sound society. However, Fromm's ideal world is too beautiful, just like a utopia, and there are some shortcomings in the theory, but Marx's and Freud's views have been sublimated here. Fromm's social critical theory has undergone the development of western capitalism. It has thoroughly studied and analyzed western society, and answered basic questions facing people in today's society. Through our research on Fromm's theory of critical thought on capitalism, we find that his critical theory is also worthy of reference in today's China. Today's China lacks a lot in terms of economics, politics and spirituality. The most important thing that cannot be ignored during this period is the richness of the spiritual world, which also provides a way to avoid risks for China's development. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lijtmaer, Ruth T1 - Who are the torturers and suicide bombers? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 012-018. N2 - The world is regularly confronted by occurrences of mass violence wherein specific groups of a population are brutally killed, raped, and tortured by another group that considers its own behavior morally justifiable. There are social, economic, and political crises that lead to the scapegoating of one group designated as the enemy. It represents a mental instrument that validates dehumanizing the chosen enemy and gives >meaning< to the extermination of dangerous >elements< as part of a battle between good and evil. In the case of suicide bombers and terrorists, sacrifice and devotion to the ideology that promises martyrdom and support for sacred ideals are requirements. Some researchers talk about the personality of the torturer, particularly about how some childrearing practices annihilate children’s sense of self by teaching them to be obedient to authority. Others talk about the role of moral disengagement and the role of specialized military training. Psychoanalytic thinkers emphasize that the key mechanisms at work in these atrocities are splitting, paranoid projections, projective identification, sadomasochistic forces, strong mechanisms of negation and dissociation, and an extremely weak social identity. Those who commit evil acts seldom perceive their actions as evil. This paper focuses on the social influences that lead to dehumanizing and blaming the >other,< and childrearing practices that influence the creation of the genocidal mentality. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindenman, Catherine V. T1 - The psychological science of Gustave Flaubert JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 003-013. N2 - Flaubert claimed mastery in matters of style in the French language as well as in the psychological sciences. Mastery in both areas is on clear display in the writing of Madame Bovary. Our heroine presents as a new kind of personality, namely as someone who depends greatly on sensory experience in order to maintain her emotional equilibrium. So, when under stress, she can only find some kind of soothing comfort in her perfumes, silks, and cashmeres. This dynamic pattern leaves her at a disadvantage when tasked with higher level life requirements – such as the payment of bills, the very thing that, in the end, causes her ruin. Dynamically, failures of memory and the resulting fragmentation of experience leave her with a precarious sense of self. For our heroine, there is little ability to link present experience to the past and therefore no possibility of metaphoric or symbolic thinking; in other words, she is condemned to repeat. Flaubert felt that Madame Bovary would only have original value as the sum of his psychological understandings. Further, he hoped his psychological work, often hidden under the form, would be deeply felt by the reader, as it was by him. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Jingjing T1 - To Have or to Be: Twisted Existence in >Seize the Day< [占有还是存在—论《只争朝夕》中的扭曲生存方式], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 贝娄作品中的人物大部分都是犹太人,因此学者们常常从犹太性或犹太和美国的双重语境研究《只争朝夕》。一些学者从存在主义的角度研究犹太人的存在困境。虽然研究视角不同,但学者们一致认为,小说的主人公威尔姆遭受着生存困境,小说结尾表达了贝娄对人性的肯定。然而,对于小说中反映的社会现实的研究,学者们往往把研究视角集中于威尔姆,较少探究小说中呈现的当时整个美国社会的存在方式。本论文的创新之处在于两个方面:第一,它研究了当时美国社会普遍的扭曲生存方式:重占有和异化;其次,主要从人本主义心理学的角度探讨造成扭曲生存方式的原因和可能的出路。本文以弗洛姆的人文主义精神分析理论和马斯洛的自我实现理论为基础,从现代美国城市居民扭曲生存方式这一现象入手,接着详细分析了这一现象产生的原因。全文共分五章。第一章简要介绍了作者索尔•贝娄,《只争朝夕》的情节和文献综述以及本篇论文的原创性、结构和内容。第二章分别介绍了本篇论文的两个理论基础:弗洛姆的人文主义精神分析理论,包括重存在和重占有两种生存方式,异化和生产性取向;马斯洛的自我实现理论,包括自我实现的定义和自我实现者的特征。第三章分析了两种主要的扭曲生存方式。首先,分析了自我异化的内涵并指出自我异化者具有的不同类型的重占有方式。自我异化的人不能体验到>真实自我<是活动的主体。他们受到欲望或>虚假自我<的驱使,违背自己的本性进行异化活动从而占有一些东西。因此他们总是担心失去所有物,有着强烈的不安全感。为了维持安全感,小说中的这些人物形成了对金钱和地位等自身之外的力量的顺从崇拜。这种崇拜包括两类重占有的方式:年长一辈,自力更生的成功人士如艾德勒医生和拉巴包特先生身上体现的囤积取向;较年轻的中产阶级如威尔姆身上体现的消费倾向。其次,本文从两个方面分析了当时美国社会中异化的人际关系。在社交中,人们表面上友好,内心深处则是冷漠,是一种相互利用的关系。在家庭中,缺失了和谐和关心,家庭成员之间的疏离更加明显。第四章着重从人本主义心理学的角度探讨出现扭曲存在方式的原因,主要从四个方面进行了探讨:没有>生产性的爱<的能力,没有>做出正确选择<的能力,没有>抛弃虚假自我<的能力,没有>活在当下<的能力。这些能力的缺乏导致他们不认同自己的真实自我,盲目追求外在的力量以谋取自身利益。因此,为了尽可能改善这种情况,这四种能力的发展至关重要。最后一章重申本篇论文的论点。贝娄意图通过《只争朝夕》一书揭示20世纪50年代美国人的扭曲存在方式,通过描绘一群心理不健康的人物,表达他对于一个促进人的自我健康发展的健全社会的期望。本篇论文的意义在于试图通过探究造成这种扭曲存在方式的四个主要原因,找到贝娄暗指的出路:不断减少重占有的生存方式和在>存在<中成长 N2 - Characters in Saul Bellow’s works are most Jews, thus scholars often study >Seize the Day< from the cultural perspectives, such as Jewishness or the dual contexts of Jew and America. And some study Jew’s existence plight from the perspective of existentialism. Although the research perspectives are different, scholars agree that the protagonist Wilhelm in the novelette suffers from an existence predicament and that the ending expresses Bellow’s affirmation of humanity. Yet, as to the study of social realities reflected in the novelette, scholars often concentrate on the protagonist, Wilhelm. Research devoted to exploring the way of existence in the whole society presented in the novelette is rare. The originality of this thesis lies in two aspects: firstly, it studies twisted existence, the having mode and alienation that is common among contemporary American industrial society; secondly, it focuses on the reasons for the twisted existence and possible solutions from the perspective of humanistic psychology. Based on theories of Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis and Maslow’s theory of self-actualization, this thesis starts with the phenomenon of twisted existence of dwellers in modern American city shown in >Seize the Day< and then gives a detailed analysis of reasons for the phenomenon. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is a brief introduction to the profile of Saul Bellow and the plot of >Seize the Day< and the literature review of the novelette. It also indicates the originality and the framework of this thesis. Chapter two respectively introduces two theoretical foundations: Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis including the having mode and the being mode, alienation and productive orientations; Maslow’s theory of self-actualization including the definition of self-actualization and characteristics of self-actualizers. Chapter three gives an analysis of two main twisted ways of existence.– First, it analyzes the connotation of self-alienation and points out different types of mode of having of self-alienated characters. Self-alienated people cannot experience their >true self< as the subject of their activity. They are driven by the desire or the >pretender self< to conduct alienated activity against their nature and acquire possessions. As a result, they have a strong sense of insecurity for fear that they will lose the possessions. In order to maintain the sense of security, these characters in the novelette develop a submissive worship of powers outside themselves like money and status. It consists of two types of having mode: the hoarding orientation appeared in the self-reliant and successful senior generation represented by Dr. Adler and Mr. Rappaport; and consumer-buying orientation appeared in the younger middle-class represented by Wilhelm.– Second, the thesis analyzes the alienated interrelationships in American society from two aspects. In social contact, people superficially maintain a friendly relationship while deep down are indifferent to each other with calculation. In family, there is a loss of harmony and care and more apparent alienation among family members. Chapter four concentrates on exploring the reasons for their twisted existence from the perspective of humanistic psychology. The reasons should be explored from four aspects: incapability for productive love, incapability to make proper choices, incapability to discard the pretender self and incapability to live here and now. The lack of these capabilities leads to their disability of identifying with their true self and blindly pursuing outside powers for self-interest. Therefore the key point of possible solutions to this situation should be put on the development of these capabilities. The final chapter restates the thesis statement. Bellow intends to reveal the twisted way of existence of American people in the 1950s through Seize the Day. He also expresses the expectation of a sane society which can promote the healthy development of people’s self by depicting a group of psychologically unhealthy characters. The significance of this thesis lies in that by exploring the four major reasons for such twisted existence, it attempts to find the possible solution implied by Bellow: increasing the being mode and reducing the >having mode<. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Chenxin T1 - From Individual Unconscious to Social Representation: A Study of Oedipus Complex from Multiple Perspectives [从个体无意识到社会表征:多重视野下的俄狄浦斯情结研究], Master thesis, Arts, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 俄狄浦斯情结是弗洛伊德提出的一个精神分析学概念,自1918年在《爱情心理学》中公开使用以来产生了广泛的影响。它不仅作为精神分析理论的核心概念对弗洛伊德的学说至关重要,而且还在其他领域产生了重要的影响,例如,文学艺术领域和社会文化领域。经过弗洛伊德的后继者对俄狄浦斯情结长时间的使用,它的内涵也不断被丰富和拓展,其影响也日益深远。本文即是以俄狄浦斯情结为研究对象,通过两条线索、三种视野对俄狄浦斯情结的发展展开的研究,旨在达到对俄狄浦斯情结发展过程较为全面的认识。文章在此基础上分析了其在不同领域具有的价值,进而从总体上对俄狄浦斯情结进行总结评价并说明它的本质特性。通过从不同视野对俄狄浦斯情结分析、对比,获得对其本质特性的认识:它是社会文化内化于个体无意识中的实存精神现象,是不同文化语境中权力话语下基本的家庭结构关系。在不同的文化语境下它以不同的样式呈现出来,俄狄浦斯情结、代情结和美拉尼西亚社会中的弑母舅娶姊妹的欲望即是以不同的样式呈现于社会之中的典型代表。其中,对俄狄浦斯情结文学价值的阐述放在了俄狄浦斯情结的价值与评价一章中,根据其发展过程阐述了它在不同发展阶段具有的文学理论和文学批评的价值。对俄狄浦斯情结的研究即是在这两条线索和三种视野的统辖下展开的,研究的主要内容如下:第一,在个体无意识的原初视野下,分析了弗洛伊德建构俄狄浦斯情结的动因、它的基本内涵和“真实、幻想、概念和神话”的多重身份。通过分析其与神经症、性本能和人格结构的关系说明它核心概念的地位。克莱因通过早期焦虑探讨了婴儿心理的俄狄浦斯冲突。第二,在语言维度视野中,拉康将俄狄浦斯情结拓展为一个象征性的三元结构,并阐述了这个三元结构与拉康无意识、欲望和三界理论的关系。第三,社会文化视野下,主要阐述了俄狄浦斯情结具有的社会文化表征性。具体来说,在弗洛姆与马林诺夫斯基理论观念中体现了俄狄浦斯情结的父权制文化表征性;在反俄狄浦斯中,它表征了父权制下的资本主义社会文化;与代情结的对比中,体现了它的文化差异表征性。第四,说明俄狄浦斯情结的深远影响,分析俄狄浦斯情结在各领域中的价值和对其进行整体性评价。 N2 - Oedipus complex is a psychoanalytic concept put forward by Freud. It has had a wide influence since it was publicly used in Psychology of Love in 1918. It is not only the core concept of psychoanalytic theory, but also has an important influence on Freud’s theory in other fields. For example, in the field of literature and art and in the field of social culture. After a long period of use of Oedipus Complex by Freud’s successors, its connotation has been constantly enriched and expanded, and its influence has become increasingly far-reaching. This thesis is based on the Oedipus complex as the research object, through two clues and three perspectives on the development process of Oedipus complex. The purposes of thesis are to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the development process of Oedipus complex and to analyze its value in different fields on this basis. Then it summarizes and evaluates Oedipus complex overall and explains its essential characteristics. Through the analysis and comparison of Oedipus complex from different perspectives, we can get the understanding of its essential characteris¬tics. It is an existential spiritual phenomenon internalized by social culture into individual unconsciousness and a basic structural relationship under power discourse in different cultural contexts. The Oedipus complex, Generation Complex and the desire to marry an uncle and a sister in Melanesian society are typical representatives of different styles in different cultural contexts. The literary value of Oedipus complex is elaborated in the chapter of value and evaluation of Oedipus complex. According to its development process, this thesis expounds its value of literary theory and literary criticism in different stages of development. The study of Oedipus complex is carried out under the control of these two clues and three perspectives. The main contents of the study are as follows: First, this thesis analyses Freud’s motivation to construct Oedipus complex from the original perspective of individual unconscious, its basic connotation and the multiple identities of >truth, fantasy, concept and myth<. Through the analysis of its relationship with neurosis, sexual instinct and personality structure, the position of its core concepts is explained. Klein explored the Oedipus conflict of infant psychology through early anxiety.– Second, Lacan develops the Oedipus complex into a symbolic ternary structure, and expounds the relationship between this ternary structure and Lacan’s unconsciousness, desire and tri-boundary theory from the perspective of linguistic dimension.– Third, this thesis mainly expounds the social and cultural characterization of Oedipus complex from the perspective of social culture. Specifically, the patriarchal cultural representation of Oedipus complex is embodied in Fromm’s and Malinowski’s theoretical concepts. In Anti-Oedipus, it represents the capitalist social culture under patriarchy, and in contrast with the Generation Complex, it reflects the characterization of cultural differences.– Fourth, this thesis illustrates the far-reaching influence of Oedipus Complex, analyses the value of Oedipus Complex in various fields and evaluates it. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Lan T1 - Value and Degradation of Socialist Labor Values – An Analysis Using Fromm’s Thoughts about Freedom [社会主义劳动价值观对弗洛姆自由思想的解构及价值] JF - Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy & Social Science Edition) [齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)] No. 12 (2019), pp. 46-48. N2 - 弗洛姆作为西方颇具影响的思想家之一,在其《逃避自由》一书中提出自由思想,认为个体在自由发展过程中,虽然摆脱了生产力、社会制度的约束,但却受到>自由<后孤独的牵绊,无法获得精神上的满足感。现代社会中社会经济快速发展,人们在解放双手后获得身体的自由,但是精神上却出现了破坏欲、权威主义和机械趋同的孤独现象,无法获得身心的完全自由。以弗洛姆的自由思想为切入点,结合社会主义劳动价值观,分析自由与劳动的关系可以为解决社会心理孤独问题提供启示。 N2 - As one of the most influential thinkers in the West, Fromm put forward the idea of freedom in his book >Escape from Freedom< Although individuals get rid of the restriction of productivity and social system, they are still trapped by the lonely, and could not obtain spiritual satisfaction. In modern society, social economy has developed rapidly. After liberation the hands, people gained the physical freedom. However, they have lonely thoughts of destructive desire, authoritarianism and mechanical convergence in spirit, and cannot obtain the complete freedom of the body and mind. In the perspective of Fromm’s free thought, the paper analyses the relationship between freedom and labor, combined with socialist labor values, which provides enlightenment for solving the social lonely psychological problems. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Ying T1 - Holden as the Misfit Hero – Focus on the Alienation Theme of >The Catcher in the Rye< [霍尔顿:一个不合时宜的主人公 – 聚焦《麦田里的守望者》的异化主题], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格于1951年出版的小说,至今影响深远。小说以第一人称的视角讲述了一个十六岁青少年霍尔顿•考菲尔德三天多噩梦般的历程。霍尔顿亲眼目睹了腐朽而堕落的城市生活以及人们的虚伪与假模假式。故事的叙述开始于由于考试不及格而要退学的他在潘西中学的最后一天,结束于他在一家疗养院接受治疗。在三天的游荡里,霍尔顿面对社会的异化力量感到无比沮丧与困惑,他的情绪几近失控。然而,他没有选择屈服于这个异化的社会,而是勇敢地与其进行斗争。二十世纪中期,美国社会累积着许多问题。第二次世界大战后的美国积累了大量财富,经济技术的迅猛发展给人们的生活方式和思维方式带来了巨大的变化。物质主义和享乐主义盛行,市场和公众舆论成为人们无意识顺从的匿名权威。异化已经不仅仅是个别现象,而是成为了一种社会现象。事实上,异化并不是现代才出现的现象,而是一个由来已久的概念。结合异化理论在社会学领域的研究,我们可以得出异化的一般定义:异化表示人类自身活动的结果发展成为一种陌生的力量,监督并反对着他,而不为他所控制。异化的人感受到自己是一个物体,一个商品,一个工具,他不能体会到自己是一个主动的执行者从而丧失了自我感。作为一个即将迈入成年人世界的青少年,《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿•考菲尔德对于自己在这个世界的身份感到困惑。他拒绝按照这个世界设定好的规则生活,坚守他内心认为重要的东西。在这个市场导向的社会,当其他人都努力达到社会成功的标准,霍尔顿的梦想却是成为一个麦田里的守望者,保护纯真的孩子们免于被虚伪和假模假式的成人世界所污染。社会的异化力量使得他的内心充满困惑和冲突,他与周围的世界始终存在着一种疏离感。当其他人都努力适应现代社会的模式,他对自我的追寻和对异化的反抗使他成为了一个不合时宜的主人公。本文梳理了异化理论的起源与发展,以美国社会学家艾瑞克•弗洛姆的理论为主要理论基础,结合特定的时代背景聚焦《麦田里的守望者》中的异化主题。论文分析了小说所展现的三个异化层面:标准化的教育,规范化的社会和异化的人与人之间的关系,探讨了无处不在的异化力量下霍尔顿充满着矛盾和冲突的心理状态,最后聚焦于霍尔顿通过他毅然决然的逃离,对爱的坚守以及对自然的依恋对异化力量勇敢的反叛。本文通过分析一个十六岁青少年面对社会异化力量的心理历程和实际行动,总结了抵抗异化的更具实践意义的方式,以期对当代青少年有借鉴和启发意义。 N2 - >The Catcher in the Rye<, a 1951 novel by American author J. D. Salinger, remains influential and enduring until now. It deals with the nightmarish three-day journey of a sixteen-year-old adolescent called Holden Caulfield from the first-person perspective. Holden has witnessed how decadent and degenerate that the city life is and how phony and hypocritical those citizens are. The narration starts with Holden‘s last day at Pencey Prep after flunking out it because of his poor academic performance and ends up with his therapy in a mental hospital. In the three-day wandering, Holden feels overwhelmingly depressed and confused confronted with the forces of alienation in the society and his emotion seems increasingly out of control. Nevertheless, Holden is determined to fight against the alienating society courageously instead of conforming to it. In the middle of the twentieth century, many social problems have accumulated in America. America after the Second World War has amassed great sums of wealth. The rapid development of economy and technology brought enormous changes to the modes of thinking and the lifestyles of people. Materialism and hedonism prevailed in the society. The market and public opinion developed into the anonymous authority to which people conformed unconsciously. Alienation has turned into a social phenomenon rather than an individual phenomenon. As a matter of fact, alienation is by no means a modern phenomenon but experiences a long history. Based on the alienation theory in the field of sociology, we can derive a general definition of alienation which means a condition of man where his own act becomes an alien power to him, standing over and against him instead of being ruled by him. The alienated person experiences himself as a thing, a commodity, and an instrument but fails to experience him as an active agent, as a result of which he loses the sense of self. As an adolescent who is about to transit into his adulthood, Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of >The Catcher in the Rye< is confused of his own identity in the world. Rebelling against the rules of the world, he seeks the sense of self and holds on to what he considers as significant. In the market-oriented society, when others make efforts to meet the social standard of success, Holden dreams of being a catcher in the rye to protect the innocent children from the contamination of the hypocritical and phony adulthood. The alienated society arouses inner conflicts and struggles of Holden and leads to a sense of detachment between him and the world around him. While others strive to fit into the current patterns of modern life, Holden‘s search for the sense of self and his rebellion against alienation turn him into a misfit hero. In this thesis, the origin and development of the alienation theory are explored and the theories of American sociologist Erich Fromm constitute the main theoretical framework, based on which the theme of alienation in >The Catcher in the Rye< is studied within specific historical background. This thesis unfolds three perspectives of alienation in the novel including the conforming society, the standardized education and the alienated interpersonal relationship, explores Holden‘s psychological condition which is permeated with conflicts and contradiction under the pervasive forces of alienation, and finally focuses on Holden‘s courageous rebellion against alienation by means of his resolute escape, his faith in love and his attachment to nature. Through analyzing a sixteen-year-old adolescent‘s psychological experience and physical action in the face of the forces of alienation in the society, this thesis concludes a more practical way to fight against alienation, from which the contemporary adolescents can obtain an inspiration. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jie, Chenyang T1 - Research on Ecological Marxism Consumption View and Its Contemporary Value [生态马克思主义消费观及其当代价值研究], Master thesis, Fundamental Principles of Marxism, Hebei Normal University, Bandung, Hebei, China 2019. N2 - 自从世界进入21世纪以来,各国的生态问题越发严重,保护生态环境已经成为了我国以及世界各国的一个非常现实并且急需要解决的问题。就我国来说,自从上世纪70年代改革开放以后,我国的经济发展迅速,各项建设如火如荼,这虽然很大程度的提高了我国人民的物质生活水平,但在以追求经济增长和GDP的发展观念的支配下,人们对自然界进行了毫无约束的开采和利用,生态环境和生态秩序遭到了严重的破坏,人和自然的关系发生异化,社会的发展也陷入了发展—污染—再发展—再污染的恶性循环中,产生了一系列的生态问题和环境问题。虽然现在世界各个国家,都意识到了环境污染以及生态破坏所造成的可怕的后果,但真正把可持续发展观、生态发展观落实到行动、变成现实还有对传统发展理念和发展模式进行彻底反思和变革性创新的还很少。摒弃传统的、落后的、盲目的改造方式,创新发展理念和发展方式,降低消耗的同时不损害社会福利的获得,推动人与自然的共生共荣、共同发展,实现人类、社会、自然三大系统的和谐统一发展是目前我们需要做的一个很现实的工作,也是很迫切的一项工作。生态马克思主义消费观作为生态马克思主义重要的部分,在这样的大背景下不断向前发展,生态马克思主义者最大的贡献就是在资本主义制度下将生态危机与消费观紧密地联结在一起,对资本主义社会异化消费、资本主义制度进行猛烈批驳,对理想的消费模式进行构想,丰富和发展了生态马克思主义,使得生态马克思主义消费观更具理论价值与现实意义。本文除了引言分为以下三个部分。第一部分主要对生态马克思主义消费观的形成做出了分析,分别从生态马克思主义消费观的现实背景、生态马克思主义消费观的理论来源、生态马克思主义消费观的形成过程三个方面进行了分析。生态马克思主义消费观的提出有着严峻的现实背景,现在西方消费模式日益暴露、人类与自然的矛盾日益尖锐、生态文明与适度消费越来越被人们所接受,生态马克思主义消费观应运而生。生态马克思主义消费观产生也有其深厚的理论基础:马克思的异化理论和生态观是其最初的理论基石;卢卡奇物化理论为生态马克思主义的消费观提供了消费批判的思想启迪;法兰克福学派理论是最直接的影响因素,其中主要介绍了马尔库塞、弗洛姆的观点。生态马克思主义的消费观形成过程经历了:萌芽期、形成期、成熟期。第二部分主要从三个方面对生态马克思主义消费观进行阐述,包括基本内容、特点和评价。生态马克思主义消费观内容为消费批判理论、适度消费理念、循环消费理念、均衡消费理念、公平消费理念,其中消费批判理论是四个消费观念的基础。实现生态马克思主义消费观需要一定的途径,需要做到转化消费观念、变革社会制度实行按需分配、合理使用技术、国际性的绿色运动等。生态马克思消费观的特点主要是立足于人的本质、实现了批判异化消费与资本主义的消费相结合。生态马克思消费观具有积极的现实意义,但是也要辩证看待,有积极意义也有局限性。生态马克思消费观丰富发展马克思主义理论、指出了解决生态危机的具体措施,提出全新的消费理念。也存在着浪漫主义的色彩,缺乏实际的解决途径。第三部分主要对生态马克思主义消费观对我国的启示进行了阐述,包括健全生态消费模式,消费模式要符合我国国情的、可以促进我国社会的全面发展。树立生态消费价值观,例如适度消费观念、可持续发展观念、以人为本消费观念。还有生态消费与我国社会整体建设的良性互动,例如与经济、政治、文化、社会建设的良性互动等等。在现阶段,我国的生态文明建设在党和政府的正确指引下,取得了一定的成效,我国经济进入新常态,我国的环境保护和生态保护的工作也在逐渐稳步的推进当中,现在我国正处在经济建设和资源环境保护的关键时期,也是最为艰难的时期。因此,文章最终希望通过对生态马克思主义理论内容的研究,能够对当代中国的发展和建设产生一些作用,并能够将生态建设的理论始终贯穿在我国的经济、政治、文化和社会建设的各个层面中,更好的实现人与自然、经济发展和生态保护之间的和谐发展。 N2 - Since the world entered the 21st century, the ecological problems of various countries have become more and more serious. Protecting the ecological environment has become a very realistic and urgent problem to be solved in China and the countries of the world. As far as China is concerned, since the reform and opening up in the 1970s, China’s economy has developed rapidly and various constructions have been in full swing. Although this has greatly improved the material living standards of our people, it is pursuing economic growth and GDP development. Under the control of ideas, people have unconstrained exploitation and utilization of the natural world. The ecological environment and ecological order have been severely damaged. The relationship between man and nature has been alienated, and the development of society has also fallen into development-contamination-redevelopment. In the vicious circle of re-contamination, a series of ecological and environmental problems have arisen. Although all countries in the world are aware of the terrible consequences of environmental pollution and ecological damage, they have truly implemented the concept of sustainable development and ecological development into action, becoming a reality and thoroughly pursuing traditional development concepts and development models. There are still few reflections and trans-formative innovations: Abandoning traditional, backward, blind transformation methods, innovative development concepts and development methods, reducing consumption without compromising the acquisition of social welfare, promoting the symbiosis and commonality between people and nature. The development and realization of the harmonious and unified development of the three systems of human, society and nature is a very realistic work that we need to do now, and it is also a very urgent task. As an important part of ecological Marxism, the ecological Marxist concept of consumption is constantly moving forward under such a background. The contribution of ecological Marxists is to closely link the ecological crisis with the consumption concept under the capitalist system. The capitalist society’s alienated consumption and capitalist system were fiercely criticized, and the ideal consumption model was conceived, enriching and developing ecological Marxism, and making the ecological Marxist consumption concept more theoretical and practical. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into the following three parts. The first part mainly analyzes the formation of ecological Marxist consumption concept, and analyzes the three aspects of the realistic background of ecological Marxist consumption concept, the theoretical source of ecological Marxist consumption concept and the formation process of ecological Marxist consumption concept.. The ecological Marxist concept of consumption has a severe realistic background. Nowadays, Western consumption patterns are increasingly exposed, the contradiction between human beings and nature is increasingly sharp, ecological civilization and moderate consumption are more and more accepted by people, and the ecological Marxist concept of consumption has emerged. The ecological Marxist view of consumption also has its profound theoretical foundation: Marx’s theory of alienation and ecology is its original theoretical cornerstone; Lukács’ materialization theory provides the ideological enlightenment of consumer criticism for the ecological Marxist view of consumption; Frankfurt School theory It is the most direct influencing factor, which mainly introduces the views of Marcuse and Fromm. The formation process of ecological Marxist consumption concept has gone through: germination, formation and maturity. The second part elaborates on the ecological Marxist concept of consumption from three aspects, including the basic content, characteristics and evaluation. The content of ecological Marxist consumption concept is the theory of consumption criticism, moderate consumption concept, circular consumption concept, balanced consumption concept and fair consumption concept. The theory of consumption criticism is the basis of three consumption concepts. Achieving an ecological Marxist view of consumption requires a certain approach. It is necessary to transform the concept of consumption, transform the social system to implement on-demand distribution, rational use of technology, and international green movement. The characteristics of ecological Marx’s concept of consumption are mainly based on the essence of human beings and the combination of critical consumption and consumption of capitalism. The ecological Marx’s concept of consumption has positive practical significance, but it must also be viewed dialectical. It has its positive meaning and limitations. The ecological Marx’s concept of consumption enriches the development of Marxist theory, points out specific measures to solve the ecological crisis, and proposes a new consumption concept. There is also a romantic color, lacking practical solutions. The third part mainly expounds the enlightenment of the ecological Marxist concept of consumption to China, including the improvement of the mode of ecological consumption. The consumption pattern should conform to China’s national conditions and can promote the all-round development of our society. Establish ecological consumption values, such as moderate consumption concepts, sustainable development concepts, and people-oriented consumption concepts. There is also a benign interaction between ecological consumption and the overall construction of our society, such as benign interaction with economic, political and cultural construction. At this stage, under the correct guidance of the party and the government, China’s ecological civilization construction has achieved certain results. China’s economy has entered a new normal, and China’s environmental protection and ecological protection work is gradually progressing steadily. It is also the most difficult period in the critical period of economic construction and resource environmental protection. Therefore, the article finally hopes that through the study of the theoretical content of ecological Marxism, it can have some effects on the development and construction of contemporary China, and can always embed the theory of ecological construction in all aspects of China’s economic, political, cultural and social construction. In the middle, better realize the harmonious development between man and nature, economic development and ecological protection. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hietalahti, Jarno A1 - Pekkola, Mika T1 - Terapiaa Mielipuoliselle Maailmalle. Erich Fromm Ja Radikaalihumanismin Lupaus, Tampere (Vastpaino) 2019, 256 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Qiaoyan T1 - On the Alienation of Human Nature in >Dream of Ding Village< [论《丁庄梦》中人性的异化] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Zhenjiang College [镇江高专学报], Vol. 32, No. 2 (2019), pp. 36-40. N2 - 《丁庄梦》是阎连科的一部探讨人性的力作。在病痛与苦难面前,丁庄人无限膨胀的贪欲、无法控制的情欲、无药可救的愚昧被揭示得淋漓尽致。采用弗洛姆的异化理论解读《丁庄梦》中个体及群体人性的异化,探讨人性异化的成因以及探索人性救赎的途径。 N2 - >Dream of Ding Village< is a masterpiece in which Yan Lianke explores human nature in a poetic language. In the face of illness and suffering, Ding Village people’s infinite expansive greed, uncontrollable lust and hopeless ignorance are vividly exposed. The author intends to use Fromm’s alienation theory to interpret the alienation of human nature of individuals and groups in >Dream of Ding Village<, to explore the causes of alienation of human nature and to explore ways of redemption of human nature. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Hongmiao T1 - From the Perspective of >The Sane Society< to the Social Phenomenon of Entertainment in the Contemporary Society [从《健全的社会》看当代社会娱乐至上的社会现象] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青年], No. 21 (2019), pp. 108-109. N2 - 娱乐至上作为当代社会的一种潮流,无时无刻不影响着人们的生活。随着科学技术的发展和智能手机的普及,各种娱乐新闻、娱乐综艺更是见缝插针,充斥着社会中的每个角落。社会潮流导向,使得人们对娱乐明星的关注空前狂热,而这种狂热则给娱乐明星们带来了巨大的经济收益,天价出场费和天价片酬屡见不鲜。人们的娱乐方式已经被外界控制,不再遵从自己的内心诉求。这种现象与弗洛姆《健全的社会》中所提到的人与其欢乐相异化的情形极为相似。为解决这一社会问题,我们可以从《健全的社会》中寻找灵感,并将其中的观点与当代社会的现实情况相结合,最终得出解决问题的方法。 N2 - As the trend of contemporary society, entertainment supremacy affects people's lives all the time. With the development of science and technology and the popularization of smart phones, all kinds of entertainment news and entertainment variety are pinpointed, flooding every corner of society. The social trend-oriented makes people's attention to entertainment stars unprecedentedly enthusiastic, and this enthusiasm has brought huge economic benefits to entertainment stars, sky-high appearance fees and sky-high film rewards are common. People's entertainment has been controlled by the outside world, and they no longer follow their own inner demands. This phenomenon is very similar to the situation men¬tioned in Fromm's >Sound Society< where people are alienated from their joy. In order to solve this social problem, we can find inspiration from >Sound Society< and combine the perspectives in it with the realities of contemporary society to finally find a solution to the problem. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Huaizheng A1 - Ceng, Yonghui T1 - Fromm’s Contribution and Limitation to the Interpretation of Historical Materialism [弗洛姆对历史唯物主义解读的贡献与局限] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 6 (2019), pp. 86-91. N2 - 弗洛姆以马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为基础,并结合其他著作,批判了西方社会对历史唯物主义的误读,并在此基础上对马克思的历史唯物主义进行了系统解读。他认为,人本主义与自然主义的综合、人类学的历史观、精神存在主义是历史唯物主义的三个特征。弗洛姆看到了历史唯物主义中的人本主义因素,这点是值得肯定的。然而他却过度拔高了人本主义因素在历史唯物主义中的地位,同时也没有意识到马克思的思想在1845年之后已经发生了重要转变。 N2 - Based on Marx's >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844<, Fromm criticizes the misunderstanding of historical materialism in Western society on the basis of Marx's historical materialism systematic interpretation. He believes that the integration of humanism and naturalism, the anthropological historical view, and spiritual existentialism are the three characteristics of historical materialism. Fromm sees the humanistic factor in historical materialism, which is worthy of recognition. However, he over-extended the position of humanism in historical materialism, but did not realize that Marx's thought had undergone an important change after 1845. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Minjing T1 - An Analysis of Emotion Crisis in the Commodity Economy based on Fromm’s Theory of Emotion Alienation [市场经济视域下情感危机问题的深层透视——以弗洛姆情感异化理论为视角] JF - Journal of Yanshan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition [燕山大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 1 (2019), pp. 78-82. N2 - 由于市场经济的影响,情感满足方式出现了同质化、市场化、利益化的特点,甚至物欲的满足遮蔽了人们对情感的需要,情感异化了。西方马克思主义者弗洛姆认为>非生产性取向<是产生情感异化的心理机制,而>生产性取向<是解决情感异化的积极方式。可以说,弗洛姆从文化心理角度对情感异化问题进行了分析并给出了解决方案,不但丰富了马克思的异化理论,而且为市场经济视域下情感危机问题的解决提供了新的借鉴。 N2 - The impacts of the commodity economy arouse some emotional problems, such as the homogenization, marketization, profitability, and the materialistic outlooks shadow the need of emotions, thus the emotion is alienated. Fromm, a Western Marxist thinks that nonproductive orientation is the psychological mechanism that leads to emotion alienation, and productive orientation is a positive way to solve emotion alienation. So that the analysis and solution to the problems of emotions from the perspective of cultural psychology not only enriches the theory of Marx’ s emotions, but also provides new references to solve emotion crisis in the contemporary era by Fromm’ s theory. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Shu T1 - Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Chinese Saying >See the Old at the Age of 3< [中国俗语>3岁看到老<之精神分析解读] JF - The Sixth International Conference on Chinese Medicine Psychology [第六届国际中医心理学大会 ], Beijing, November 16, 2019, in Expert Reports of the 6th International Confe¬rence on Chinese Medicine Psychology [第六届国际中医心理学大会专家报告集]. N2 - 精神分析理论:性与爱是同样重要的驱力在精神分析体系庞大:1.古典精神分析(弗洛伊德理论三个阶段)2.精神分析(社会文化):荣格、霍妮、阿德勒、弗洛姆、沙利文:人际精神分析3.自我心理学:安娜依恋学说:鲍比客体关系理论:克莱因、温尼科特、马勒、比昂、4.自体心理学:科胡特 N2 - Psychoanalytic theory: Sex and love are equally important driving forces in the huge psychoanalytic system: 1. Classical psychoanalysis (Freud’s three stages theory); 2. Psychoanalysis (Social culture): Jung, Horney, Adler, Fromm; Sullivan: Interpersonal psychoanalysis; 3. Ego psychology: Anna Freud; attachment theory: Bowlby; object relationship theory: Klein, Winnicott, Mahler, Bion, 4. Self psychology: Kohut … [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aramoni, Rebeca T1 - The vacuum of kidnapping JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 031-033. N2 - All forms of kidnapping are presented in this paper, as is their psychodynamic underpinning affecting human behavior: abduction with or without ransom, political kidnapping, kidnapping by well-organized criminal groups, human trafficking and governmental kidnapping, which all highlight the important crises in the major decline in ethics and values. Apathy, fear, and insecurity lead to an increase in dependencies on substances, psychosomatic problems, and depression, which result from the suffering of this >vacuum of kidnapping.< The author wonders, >Has right to live in peace been kidnapped?< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - La mia collaborazione con Romano Biancoli su Erich Fromm. Paper presented at Padova, 09. June 2019, 3 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beer, Roland A1 - et al., T1 - Annäherung an die Architektin Karola Bloch — Ein Werkstattbericht JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 245-256. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bierhoff, Burkhard T1 - Die ökologische Krise zwischen mangelnder Betroffenheit und Ignoranz JF - Klaus-Jürgen Bruder, Christoph Bialluch, Jürgen Günther (Eds.), Krieg nach innen, Krieg nach außen ­ und die Intellektuellen als >Stützen der GesellschaftHate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017. It aims at an elaboration of various aspects of hate and hatred as a complex dynamic intrapsychic and relational affective-cognitive state, alloyed, in different ways, with aggression and love. In this context, various theoretical perspectives concerning the multifaceted relation between hate, love, and sexuality, and hate and destructive aggression, and transformations between them, including the first study of neurobiological correlates of hate, will be raised and explored. Implication on destruction as well as psychic structuring, adaptation and creativity are also considered. The clinical vignettes illustrates the relevance of multiple theoretical conceptualizations in contemporary psychoanalytic practice. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Hate (its vicissitudes and its relations) revisited: Part II - Groups and culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 083-094. N2 - Part I of this paper discussed various dynamic aspects of hate in the individual developmental and clinical context. Part II, also an expansion of the author’s discussion of Harold Blum’s presentation on >Hate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017, examines the theme of hate as a multidimensional dynamic group phenomenon. The paper uses various theoretical perspectives to focus on group unconscious processes and the group-specific dynamic of regression leading to an activation of primitive ego operations, unleashing destructive aggression as well as creative mobilization. Also considered are the implications in terms of destruction, adaptation, and creativity, in relation to group unconscious dynamic processes and intergenerationally trasmitted trauma and posttraumatic developments. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Continued relevance of Dante Alighieri’s >Comedy< that transformed the soul and the culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 039-049. N2 - The following essay is a modified version of an invited presentation given in Florence, Italy in May 2017. It builds on and extends some of the previous psychoanalytic and multidisciplinary studies of Dante’s >Divine Comedy< as a >psychoanalysis of the Middle Ages< that greatly contributed to the incipient changes of the cultural episteme. The paper will explore and elaborate the continued relevance of Dantian proto-psychoanalytic insight into the complex role of regression, destruction, transgression, and conflict in generating growth, expansion, and creativity, and the ways in which ethics and erotics intertwine in a complex path towards unity, within the context of his multivocal presubjective, intrasubjective, and intersubjective inquiry leading to psychic reorganization. The liminal nature of Dante’s poetry, extending the symbolic and representational range in a way unprecedented in the vernacular literature of his time, vivifying and representing what is traditionally thought of as beyond representation, will also be considered in terms of its relevance to the contemporary psychoanalytic discourse. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pauly, Wolfgang T1 - Erich Fromm - Frei leben, schöpferisch leben. Jüdische Miniaturen Vol. 221, Leipzig und Berlin (Hentrich und Hentrich Verlag), 2019, 86 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Psychoanalyse im Nationalsozialismus. Eine Kurzfassung, Juni 2019. https://andreas-peglau-psychoanalyse.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Andreas-Peglau-Psychoanalyse-im-Nationalsozialismus.-Eine-Kurzfassung-2019.pdf Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Bei T1 - On the Alienation Theme of Kazuo Ishiguro's >The Unconsoled< [论石黑一雄《无可慰藉》的异化主题] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Lanzhou Institute of Education [兰州教育学院学报], No. 6 (2019), pp. 49-51, 54. N2 - 异化现象是一种与人本身活动对立的力量,是西方资本主义对人格影响的中心议题。日裔英籍作家石黑一雄在作品《无可慰藉》的创作中,展现了他对于异化独到而深刻的思考。本文以《无可慰藉》为文本依托,以弗洛姆的社会心理学话语为理论依据,探究他对现代性社会问题的深刻反思,以及对建立一个平等自主的健全社会的希冀和探讨。 N2 - Alienation is a force that opposes the activities of human beings and is the central issue of the influence of Western capitalism on personality. Japanese-born British writer Kazuo Ishiguro showed his unique and profound thoughts on alienation in the creation of >Nothing to Comfort<. This article relies on >The Unconsoled< as the text, and uses Fromm's social psychology discourse as the theoretical basis to explore his profound reflection on modern social issues and his hopes and discussions on the establishment of an equal and independent and sound society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mathes, Bettina T1 - All my toys are dead: Chantal Akerman’s >No Home Movie< (2015) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 014-021. N2 - Making films can be a lifeline, an aid to going on living when (we feel) the world around us has disappeared. Looking, showing that there’s a >there there,< recording the present moment and thereby preserving it, can, for a time, make us not feel the nothingness within us. But the rescue that comes from making a film is always provisional. Why? Because every film has an end. Because if there are no more films to make, if there is nothing that deserves to be looked at (the worst case scenario), going on living will have exhausted itself, and taking one’s own life (if indeed there was a life to take) may seem the only option. Chantal Akerman’s >No Home Movie< – a film recording the slow death of her mother in her Brussels apartment – is this worst case scenario. A moving record of the psychic devastation that comes about when we, slowly but surely, lose the one object worth looking at. Panic, depression, hopelessness, and a fierce determination to go where the disappeared object went. To this last home where nothing no longer moves. Y1 - 2019 ER -