TY - JOUR A1 - Jue, Jing T1 - Analysis of the Phenomenon of >escape from freedom< in Contemporary Universities [当代大学>逃避自由<现象分析] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青年], No. 13 (2019), p. 286. N2 - 当代大学生在脱离了家庭的约束来到自由的大学生活后,感觉到内心的孤独感和无能为力感的加深,导致他们产生了>逃避自由<的这种心理现象。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》一书中深刻的分析了>逃避自由<这种心理现象的原因。 N2 - After coming out of a free university life, contemporary college students feel the feeling of loneliness and incompetence in their hearts, which leads to the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom<. In the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm profoundly analyzed the reason of the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Chengcheng T1 - The Puppet Under the Control of the Desire Machine – The Alienation of Humanity in >The Trojan Winner< [欲望机器操纵下的木偶——《木马赢家》中人性的异化] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 9 (2019), pp. 111, 110. N2 - 《木马赢家》作为戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯晚年的短篇小说之一,探讨了劳伦斯所关注的人与人之间的关系,从侧面反映出西方工业文明社会下,金钱对人性的蚕食与扭曲。本文结合埃利希•弗洛姆的异化理论,从>异化<这个角度分析《木马赢家》中人性异化的体现,探讨其根源。揭示金钱诱惑下血亲的畸形和扭曲金钱观的变态以及此短篇小说对现代人的启示。 N2 - As one of the short stories of David Herbert Lawrence in his later years, >The Trojan Winner< explores the relationship between Lawrence and the people, which reflect the money in the Western industrial civilization and encroachment and distortion of human nature. Based on the theory of alienation of Ehrlich Fromm, this paper analyzes the embodiment of human alienation in >The Trojan Winner< from the perspective of >alienation< and explores its roots. This short story reveals the abnormality of blood relatives under the temptation of money and the perversion of the distorted view of money to modern people. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Qiuyao T1 - A Study of the Theme of Alienation in McEwan’s >Solar< [麦克尤恩《追日》的异化主题研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩是英国当代最著名的作家之一。他的作品以揭露社会现实和人类的伦理困境 而 著 称 并 受 到 高 度 重 视。其于2010年发表的《追日》以全球变暖为背景, 吸引了来自世界各地读者的关注。麦克尤恩在这部作品中将全球关注的气候变化问题与人们的道德困境相结合, 反映了当代社会存在的生态和人文危机。以往对《追日》的研究主要集中在生态主义和伦理学方面。相比之下, 人们对这部小说异化主题的研究 则显得不够充分。本文以弗洛姆和马尔库塞的相关异化理论为基础来阐述小说中的异化主题。文章主要 从三个方 面 来 分析小说中 的异化主题:人的自我异化, 人与人关系的异化和人与自然关系的异化。本论文由三部分组成。第一章主要概括并介绍了作者伊恩麦克尤恩及其作品、《追日》的文献综述、异化理论及中心论点、研究方法和研究意义。正文分为四章包括第二章、第三章、第四章和第五章。第二章分析了人的自我异化主要表现为情感麻木和信仰的缺失。第三章阐释小说中人 与 人关系的异化主要 体现在两个方面:不和谐的家庭关系和扭曲的工作关系。第四章通过人对科技的过度依赖和对自然环境的破坏 两 方 面阐述了人与自然关系的异化。第五章总结了当代人的过度贪婪, 父权制社会的根深蒂固和人类中心主义的盛行是导致《追日》中异化问题的主要原因。第六章为结论。本论文最后得出结论, 异化这一主题贯穿于整部小说。当今社会, 人们不断增加的贪欲使其成为一个失去情感和信仰的物质化存在。异化了的人际关系和人与自然的关系也反映了父权主义和人类中心主义的根深蒂固。本文同时也表达了对人们生活现状的关注并呼吁人类对自己的行为进行深刻的反思。 N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary British literature. His works are known and highly valued for exposing social realities and ethical dilemma of men. Published in 2010, Solar set in the global warming attracts the attention of readers around the world. McEwan in Solar combines the global concern of climate change with moral issues, revealing both ecological and humanistic crisis in today’s society. Previous studies on Solar mostly apply the perspectives and theories of ecologism and ethics. By contrast, studies on the theme of alienation in this novel appear insufficient. This thesis deals with the theme of alienation in Solar based on Fromm and Marcuse’s alienation theories. It discusses and analyses the topic from three aspects: alienation between man and himself, alienation between man and man and alienation between man and nature. This thesis consists of three parts. Chapter One gives an introduction to Ian McEwan and his works, sorts out literature review of Solar, generalizes the alienation theory and the argument, research methods and significance of the study. The main body of the thesis is made up of four chapters including Chapter Two, Chapter Three, Chapter Four and Chapter Five.– Chapter Two analyzes man’s self-alienation which manifests in the emotional numbness and loss of faith.– Chapter Three elaborates alienation in personal relationships from two aspects: disharmonious family relationship and distorted working relationship.– Chapter Four expounds alienation between man and nature including human’s over-reliance on science and technology and destruction of the environment. Chapter Five summarizes that excessive greed of modern man, dominance of patriarchalism and prevalence of anthropocentrism are the main causes of alienation in Solar.– Chapter Six is the conclusion. This thesis draws the conclusion that the theme of alienation runs through the whole novel. Nowadays, the increasing greed has made man a materialized existence that loses emotion and faith. The alienated personal relationships and relationship between man and nature reveal the entrenched patriarchy and anthropocentrism. This thesis also shows its concern for men’s current living conditions and calls for deep reflection of men’s behaviors. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, Yuheng T1 - Über Fromms Freiheitsidial [浅谈弗洛姆的自由理想] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青年], No. 19 (2019).. N2 - 对西方人文主义马克思主义的研究仍然是当前哲学界的热点和焦点。作为西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的重要代表,埃里希•弗洛姆从人格结构和社会心理机制的角度批判了现代人的自由困境。在丰富和发展马克思主义人文主义的同时,也为我们全面深刻地理解20世纪人类文化的演变提供了典型的范例。本文从弗洛姆精神分析的心理学角度分析弗洛姆人本主义自由思想对于西方资本主义社会中人的把握,以及对于自由产生孤立的两种选择。弗洛姆的自由主义思想建立在马克思的异化理论基础之上,是马克思人本主义的丰富和发展。它所倡导的积极自由的思想对当今社会有着非常深刻的借鉴。 N2 - The study of Western humanistic Marxism is still the hotspot and focus of the current philosophical circles. As an important representative of the Western Marxist Frankfurt School, Erich Fromm criticized the modern people's free predicament from the perspective of personality structure and social psychological mechanism. While enriching and developing Marxist humanism, it also provides a typical example for us to comprehensively and profoundly understand the evolution of human culture in the 20th century. This paper analyzes Fromm's psychological analysis of the psychology of Fromm's humanistic freedom to grasp the people in the Western capitalist society and the two choices for freedom. Fromm's liberalism is based on Marx's theory of alienation and is the enrichment and development of Marx's humanism. The positive and freedom thoughts it advocates have a very deep reference for today's society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mo, Chuanyu T1 - Literature Psychology of Vladimir Nabokov Research [弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫文学心理学思想研究], Doctoral dissertation, Basic Psycholog, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 纳博科夫文学心理学是近几年文学研究的新领域。纳博科夫认为弗洛伊德的精神分析荼毒了人类的精神世界、抹杀了人们的想象力,他所评析的艺术必定存在性象征,所讨论的话题永远离不开作家的儿时情结,是个庸俗、非理性、不懂美学的>维也纳巫医<。纳博科夫常在他的小说中以弗洛伊德理论为诙谐模仿对象,导致他笔下的人物多呈现性格执拗、极端处事、非常态化的心理特点,他的小说也因此被文学评论界评为>心理学小说<。本次研究试图结合作家的文体风格、故事情节、人物性格以及作家在访谈中有关批判弗洛伊德的精神分析部分,从镜像>主-客体<理论、两性图腾、力比多能量等视角,以思辩性理论为主,实证性质性工具为辅,分析作者诙谐模仿精神分析的用意。通过对纳博科夫长篇小说运用澳洲公司所开发的质性研究软件Nvivo8.0编码归类,总结作者所著的小说里持有的心理学观点主要集中在>存在、时间、记忆、梦、性、爱情<这六项心理学主题。另外,作者所运用的文体技法也巧妙的将这六项主题融汇其中,使作品传递的思想更加多元。本次研究基于理论思辩的基础可知,作家的意识并非等同故事中>我<的意识。拉康学派的>镜象<理论充分在纳博科夫所塑造的双重>我<中得到证明;纳博科夫所持有的>双重世界<概念,也在每部小说的心理学主题上得到呈现。进一步采用质性研究工具比较心理学理论与小说情结核心观,发现二者观点并非完全一致,深入分析可知纳博科夫文学所蕴藏的心理学思想分别有:存在主题:拉康的主-客体>镜象<理论成为纳博科夫>双重世界<观的基础,它所表现的游戏思维模式隐藏这样一条法则,即>主-客体<意识的所占比例与自我认知、行为、性格息息相关。时间主题:分别以实验心理学、现象心理学理论为依据,阐明时间存有两种特性。动态性时间与个体的有意注意、直接经验有关;静态性时间与个体意识所处的客体空间属性有关。记忆主题:以弗洛伊德精神分析引论为基础,对于主体而言,个体意识流的运作与记忆属性有关;对于客体而言,记忆瞬间的储存模式与欲望下的功利主义有关。梦主题:以精神分析拉康>镜象<理论为基础,弗洛姆的人本主义为目标,阐述梦的产生机制,即主体意识与客体环境通过无目的的组织、重构,最后帮助个体更好的认识自我,实现人类的社会属性,区别于自然界的动物属性。性主题:将精神分析、进化心理学作为依据,阐述主-客体意识在两性关系中所起到的作用。对于主体意识而言,自然造就个体适应群体的>性<繁衍法则;对于客体意识来说,性适配器在一定程度上可改变两性关系的所属地位。爱情主题:继性章节理论为前提,分析主体意识在两性关系所起的作用,实乃>自私<的物质之爱;客体意识在两性关系所起的功能,是伴有>利他<主义、情感、能量协调的精神之爱。而主体意识与客体意识共同结合而形成的意志之爱,则是纳博科夫最为称赞的崇高之爱。总结,纳博科夫所主张的文学宗旨是具有>镜像<般的现象学,及精神分析学派所主张的内省意识观意义,它们分别在>主体<与>客体<的意识中发挥作用。纳博科夫小说所隐藏的六个心理学主题思想,其理论分别涵盖了精神分析学、现象心理学派和人本主义心理学,为作者所坚持的>双重世界<观,即>主-客体<的意识奠定基础,同时也预示作者所想表达的>棱镜<艺术意义。此次研究所采取的一系列方法,也为今后的文学诠释学提供借鉴,对今后研究纳博科夫文学、作家心理学思想提供宝贵的理论依据。 N2 - Nabokov Literary Psychology is the research of Nabokov’s novel based on the research content of psychology and it has risen in recent years. Nabokov often criticizes psychoanalyst Freud in disguised way in his works and he believes that Freud poisons the human spiritual world and obliterates people’s imagination. The analysis of Freud’s commented on is always bound to sexual symbols, and the topics he discussed can never be separated from the writer’s childhood complex. He is a vulgar, irrational and unaesthetic >Witch Doctor in Vienna<. In summary, that makes on Nabokov’s works are mostly the souls of stubborn personality, extreme behavior and split personality, so his works are also regarded as >psychological novels<. The primary research method of this paper is the theoretical basis of speculation, and the secondary is qualitative tools of empirical. To analyze the psychological viewpoints of Nabokov, It mainly combines the writer’s style, story plot and the criticize part of Freud psychoanalysis in the interview biography. It tries to reveal the purest personality traits of human soul from the perspective of mirror theory and mysterious figure vines and defined libido as the instinct energy or force in the novel. a literary master who likes to set up a trap in his works and to provide some valuable reference for the follow-up study of Nabokov’s literature. Nabokov’s >double world< is the core concept of his works. We can see that Nabokov has hidden his point of views on the psychological themes of individual >existence, time, memory, dream, sex and love<, through the analysis of all Nabokov’s works with qualitative tools of psychological themes. at the same time makes a study more diverse perspectives. In view of the reasonableness and debates, writer’s consciousness is not equal to the consciousness of >I< in his works based on psychology of literature. The >mirror image theory< of Lacan School fully plays a role in this dual >I< consciousness. Further analysis of the plot structure of the novel makes this double psychological standard more obvious. But the concepts elaborated by qualitative tools are not entirely consistent with those reflected in novel complex. Because the complex writing style and disguise of author will blur the core value of the novel. Specific analysis of six psychological themes shows that: Chapter of Existence: The >mirror image theory< of Lacan’s subject and object has become the basis of Nabokov’s >double world view<. It summarizes the different percentages of >subject-object< consciousness through game thinking pattern, which will show different cognitive, behavioral and personality.– Chapter of Time: It shows that there are two features of time, based on the theory of experimental psychology and phenomenological psychology respectively. Dynamic time is related to the direct experience of individual conscious attention. Static time is related to the spatial attributes of the object in which individual consciousness is located.– Chapter of Memory: According to Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, for the subject, stream of consciousness makes memory present a dynamic fantasy style; for the object, the instantaneous storage mode of things is just for static utilitarian efficiency.– Chapter of Dream: Taking Lacan’s psychoanalysis of >Mirror Image Theory< as the basis and taking Fromm’s humanism as the goal, the generation of dreams is to organize and reconstruct the subjective consciousness and the objective environment aimlessly, so as to help individuals better understand themselves and then combine the animality and sociality of human beings perfectly.– Chapter of Sex: It describes that the role of subject and object consciousness in sexual relations is played, based on psychoanalysis and evolutionary psychology. From the perspective of subjective consciousness, the adaptive principle of sexual reproduction is naturally created; from the perspective of objective consciousness, sexual adapters can change the status of gender relations to a certain extent.– Chapter of Love: Again, based on theory of the Sex chapter It describes that the combination of the two sexes which were centered on the subject consciousness is the material love of selfishness; on the opposite, the combination of the two sexes based on the object’s altruism is the spiritual love of the coordination of emotion and energy. The combination of the sexes based on the object’s altruism is the spiritual love of the coordination of emotion and energy. The love of will which is the combination of subject and object is a lofty love that Nabokov most praised. Generally speaking, the literary purpose claimed by Nabokov is to have the phenomenological significance of >mirror image< and to play their respective roles in the consciousness of >subject< and >object<. These theories of six psychological themes include Psychoanalysis, Phenomenology and Humanism. It could be argued that Nabokov’s consciousness of >subject-object< in his view of >double world< laid the foundation for his >prism< art, as well as incubate a better positive attitude of the human mind. The research methods adopted literary hermeneutics and theoretical basis for Nabokov’s literary psychology for future. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qi, Ziyue T1 - On Fromm’s Thought of Freedom [弗洛姆自由思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China 2019. N2 - 埃利希·弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、哲学家和社会学家。弗洛姆以>渴望自由是人与生俱来的机制吗<为研究起点, 探讨人性与自由的关系, 揭示了人之自由困境的成因。他通过对各个历史阶段人们自由程度的分析, 提出了在资本主义社会阶段人们>逃避自由<这个命题。为什么追求自由的人们最后走向逃避自由?这是我们研究弗洛姆自由思想最重要的抓手。此外, 弗洛姆将精神分析纳入社会领域, 从心理学视角解释人的异化尤其是资本主义社会的异化;他以人格的全面发展为目标, 倡导建立健全的社会。这些都使得弗洛姆的自由思想具有不可替代的意义。笔者通过对弗洛姆的思想进行整合和梳理, 在前人研究的基础上, 进一步丰富和完善对弗洛姆自由思想的解读, 通过其对自由的独到和深刻见解, 为我们对自由问题的研究提供了新的视野。与此同时, 对弗洛姆自由理论的研究还能够对于我们认识和解决社会经济快速发展带来的一系列问题具有重要的借鉴意义。本论文具体研究架构如下。第一部分, 主要介绍弗洛姆自由思想产生的思想渊源。通过结合弗洛姆的个人经历与历史背景, 以犹太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以及马克思主义有关劳动异化的相关理论为切入点探讨弗洛姆自由观的思想渊源。第二部分, 主要介绍了弗洛姆有关自由之困境的思想。分别从人的个体化进程、人的需要和人的性格结构三个方面进行整体分析, 借助精神分析的相关理论, 探索个体现实困境与自由的关系, 揭示人性和自由的内在联系, 从而进一步探求逃避自由的深层原因。第三部分, 主要针对弗洛姆的自由思想进行详细阐述。结合国内国外的相关研究, 按照从自由的界定、逃避自由和实现积极自由的路径探讨的顺序逐步深入, 进一步突出弗洛姆自由观的合理性和深刻性。第四部分, 对全文内容进行总结, 并阐述本人对弗洛姆的自由观理论的的认识, 给予其自由思想以客观评价, 突出其时代地位和独创性特征。 N2 - Erich Fromm was a famous psychologist, philosopher and sociologist in the 20th century. Fromm took >is the desire for freedom the innate mechanism of human beings< as the starting point, explored the relationship between human nature and freedom, and revealed the cause of the dilemma of human freedom. By analyzing the degree of people’s freedom in various historical stages, he puts forward the proposition that people >escape from freedom< in capitalist society. Why do people who pursue freedom end up running away from it? This is the most important starting point for our study of Fromm’s free thought. On the basis of fully embodying the social materialistic view of practice, Fromm has incorporated psychoanalysis into the social field, explaining the alienation of human beings and the alienation of capitalist society from a psychological perspective. He advocates the establishment of a sound society with the goal of comprehensive development of personality. All of these make Fromm’s free thoughts irreplaceable. Through the integration and combing of Fromm’s thoughts, the author further enriches and perfects the interpretation of Fromm’s free thoughts on the basis of previous studies. This thesis will start from the two aspects of Fromm’s humanistic thoughts and free thoughts, and profoundly discuss his free thoughts as the highest point of his ideological system. The specific research structure is as follows: The first part mainly introduces the origin of the thoughts generated by Fromm’s free thought. By combining Fromm’s personal experience and historical background, the Jewish salvation thought, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Marxist related theory of labor alienation are used as the starting point to explore the origin of Fromm’s concept of freedom. The second part mainly introduces Fromm’s thoughts on human studies. Based on the individualized process of human beings, human needs and human personality structure, the author analyzes the relationship between individual reality and freedom and explores the inner relationship between individual reality and freedom. The underlying reason for escaping freedom. The third part mainly elaborates on Fromm’s thought of freedom. Combining domestic and foreign related research, step by step in the order of freedom from definition, escaping freedom and realizing positive freedom, further highlighting the rationality and profoundness of Fromm’s concept of freedom. The fourth part summarizes the content of the full text and expounds his understanding of the theoretical significance of Fromm’s concept of freedom, giving his free thought an objective evaluation, highlighting his status and originality. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ratner, Carl A1 - Song, Qun T1 - The Universalization of Contemporary Social Pathology: Comparison between a Biomedical, a Cultural-Political and a Liberal-Humanistic-Postmodernist Perspective [当代社会病态的普遍化——基于生物医学、文化政治、自由主义——人文主义——后现代主义三种模式的比较分析] JF - Research on Marxist Culture [马克思主义文化研究], No.2 (2019), pp. 135-155. N2 - 这篇文章力图把>当代病态<这一议题做一个需要解决的问题,并尝试清楚地阐释它。我阐述了一个文化政治模式,即(a)为什么病态以多种形式,并广泛存在于社会各个领域,(b)如何干预泛滥的病态,并最终根除它。此模式借鉴了埃里克·弗洛姆的工作成果,他阐明:在许多或大多数社会里,病态是如何成为正常社会的,心理的活动的特征的。这篇文章还讨论了两种流行病态模式,它们误解病态,非正确,因而不能纠正、根除或预防病态。第一种错误解释病态的是标准生物医学模式。第二种错误解释病态的是自由主义—人文主义和后现代主义的模式,它否认所有病态,并坚持认为所有行为包括病态是个体选择和主动性的积极表现,必须得到确认和接受,而不是纠正。 N2 - This essay seeks to make the topic of >contemporary pathologies<, a problem that needs to be addressed and attempts to articulate it clearly. I set out a cultural-political model of (a) why pathology takes many forms and is widespread in all areas of society, and (b) how to intervene in the proliferation of pathology and ultimately eradicate it. The model draws on the work of Eric Fromm, who illustrates how pathology is a feature of normal social, psychological activity in many or most societies. The article also discusses two popular models of pathology that misinterpret pathology, are incorrect, and therefore fail to correct, eradicate or prevent it. The first misinterpretation of pathology is the standard biomedical model. The second misinterpretation of pathology is the liberal-humanist and postmodernist model, which denies all pathology and insists that all behavior, including pathology, is a positive expression of individual choice and initiative that must be recognized and accepted, not corrected. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Jinying T1 - Modern Man’s Existence Predicament in the Entropic Society – >The Crying of Lot 49< as an Example [熵化社会中现代人的生存困境研究 - 以《拍卖第49批》为例], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 托马斯·品钦是当代美国文坛最著名的后现代作家之一。他的作品以奇谲诡异的构思、百科全书式的叙述、神秘怪诞的情节和富含哲理的隐喻而著称,颇具影响力。《拍卖第49批》是品钦的第二部小说,虽是他所有长篇小说中篇幅最短的,却有着>体小而才华横溢<的美称。小说围绕一位受过高等教育的年轻太太(奥狄芭·马斯)追寻神秘组织特里斯特罗的故事而展开。该小说自问世以来就引起了批评界的广泛关注,并在1967年获得由全国文学艺术学会颁发的>理查德与希尔达·罗森塞尔基金奖<。这部小说写于20世纪60年代,是美国历史上政治和社会最动荡的10年。在此期间,毒品文化兴起,越南战争,摇滚革命同时爆发。这也是约翰·F·肯尼迪和马丁·路德·金被暗杀、各种民权运动以及女权运动突起的时期。这部小说充分展现了这场文化运动,描绘了一个碎片化的社会。《拍卖第49批》弥漫着一种无处不在的文化混乱感,生动地描绘了当时美国文化和社会的方方面面。本论文将结合熵定律,并借用弗洛姆的相关理论,探讨《拍卖第49批》的现实意义和独特价值,揭示品钦小说所反映的后现代熵化社会中人类的生存困境。本文首先是分析文中后现代熵化社会的特征,如支离破碎的亚文化,扭曲的信息传递和无效的交流系统,病态混乱的美国社会。其次是分析文中人物所遇到的生存困境,主要是人的异化和物化,情感的孤独,真爱的缺失,自我身份认同的焦虑。然后分析品钦给出的解决方案以及他提出的社会改良政策,包括追寻的意义,交流的重要性。最终得出结论,品钦带着强烈的人文关怀,揭示了社会的熵化现状和现代人的生存困境,从侧面反映出他对极权的蔑视、对现实的关注和对人类终极命运的思考. N2 - Thomas Pynchon is one of the most celebrated postmodern writers in contemporary American literature. His influential works are known for their strange and bizarre ideas, encyclopaedic narratives, mysterious and grotesque plots and philosophical metaphors. >The Crying of Lot 49<, Pynchon's second novel, is the shortest of his full-length novels, but is known for its >small size and brilliance<. It centers on a young, highly educated wife (Oedipa Mass) who is on the trail of the mysterious organization Tristero. It has attracted much critical attention since its publication and was awarded the >Richard and Hilda Rosenthal Foundation Award< by the National Academy of Arts and Letters in 1967. The novel was written in the 1960s, one of the most politically and socially turbulent decades in American history. During this time, the drug culture was on the rise, the Vietnam War and the Rock and Roll Revolution were all happening at the same time. It was also a time of the assassinations of John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King, and the rise of various civil rights and feminist movements. This novel illustrates this cultural movement to its fullest extent and depicts a fragmented society. A sense of pervasive cultural chaos pervades >The Crying of Lot 49<, which vividly portrays all aspects of American culture and society at the time. This thesis will explore the relevance and unique value of >The Crying of Lot 49< in the context of the law of entropy and Fromm's related theories, revealing the plight of human existence in the postmodern entropic society reflected in Pynchon's novel. The paper begins with an analysis of the characteristics of the postmodern entropic society in the text, such as the fragmented subculture, the distorted information transmission and ineffective communication system, and the pathological and chaotic American society. Secondly, it analyses the existential dilemmas encountered by the characters in the text, mainly the alienation and objectification of human beings, emotional loneliness, the lack of true love, and the anxiety of self-identity. This is followed by an analysis of the solutions offered by Pynchon and the policies he proposes for social improvement, including the meaning of searching and the importance of communication. It is concluded that Pynchon, with his strong humanistic concern, reveals the entropic state of society and the plight of modern man, reflecting from the side his contempt for totalitarianism, his concern for reality and his thoughts on the ultimate destiny of mankind. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlecht, Karl A1 - Bitzer, Melanie T1 - Interview von Melanie Bitzer mit mit Karl Schlecht JF - M. Hosang (Ed.), Die Kunst des Liebens im Tun. Warum und wie UnternehmerIinnen die Welt verändern, Vorabdruck einer durch die Karl Sschlecht Stiftung geförderten Untersuchen, Berlin (Pikik-Verlag) 2019, pp. 231-241., Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm's psychoanalytic theory and his understanding of the psychotherapeutic practice: existential, relational and social dimension of the psychotherapeutic work. Typescript 2019, 34 pp. N2 - In this article we will explore three important themes: (1) Fromm's anti-objectivistic perspective which stands for the idea that the other Being should not become an object in analysis; (2) the central idea of the relatedness and the relational dimension in the psychotherapeutic practice; (3) in the last part we will analyze the existential-ontological level which is manifested in analysis. We will focus our attention on the different ways in which Fromm as a psychoanalytic thinker, social critic and humanist can help the therapists to include the existential and social dimension in the psychotherapeutic work. Y1 - 2019 ER -