TY - JOUR A1 - Pang, Yaodan T1 - On the Psychological Mechanism of Modern People's Evasion of Freedom—Analysis of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [浅谈现代人逃避自由的心理机制—从弗洛姆>逃避自由<入手分析] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 7 (2019), pp. 230, 229. N2 - 人类对自由的渴望是与生俱来的。古今中外,自由这个话题从来未曾退出过历史舞台。但是现代人由于异化的心理机制,开始选择逃避责任,放弃自由。本文从分析弗洛姆的逃避自由的心理机制入手,浅谈现代人逃避自由的内在心理机制。 N2 - Human desire for freedom is innate. In ancient and modern China and abroad, the topic of freedom has never withdrawn from the historical arena. However, due to the psychological mechanism of alienation, modern people began to choose to evade responsibility and give up freedom. This paper begins with an analysis of Fromm's psychological mechanism of escaping freedom, and discusses the inner psychological mechanism of modern people's escape from freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peglau, Andreas T1 - Psychoanalyse im Nationalsozialismus. Eine Kurzfassung, Juni 2019. https://andreas-peglau-psychoanalyse.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Andreas-Peglau-Psychoanalyse-im-Nationalsozialismus.-Eine-Kurzfassung-2019.pdf Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Hate (its vicissitudes and its relations) revisited: Part I – Individual JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 071-082. N2 - The present paper is an expansion of the author’s discussion of Harold Blum’s seminal presentation >Hate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017. It aims at an elaboration of various aspects of hate and hatred as a complex dynamic intrapsychic and relational affective-cognitive state, alloyed, in different ways, with aggression and love. In this context, various theoretical perspectives concerning the multifaceted relation between hate, love, and sexuality, and hate and destructive aggression, and transformations between them, including the first study of neurobiological correlates of hate, will be raised and explored. Implication on destruction as well as psychic structuring, adaptation and creativity are also considered. The clinical vignettes illustrates the relevance of multiple theoretical conceptualizations in contemporary psychoanalytic practice. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Hate (its vicissitudes and its relations) revisited: Part II - Groups and culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 083-094. N2 - Part I of this paper discussed various dynamic aspects of hate in the individual developmental and clinical context. Part II, also an expansion of the author’s discussion of Harold Blum’s presentation on >Hate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017, examines the theme of hate as a multidimensional dynamic group phenomenon. The paper uses various theoretical perspectives to focus on group unconscious processes and the group-specific dynamic of regression leading to an activation of primitive ego operations, unleashing destructive aggression as well as creative mobilization. Also considered are the implications in terms of destruction, adaptation, and creativity, in relation to group unconscious dynamic processes and intergenerationally trasmitted trauma and posttraumatic developments. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Continued relevance of Dante Alighieri’s >Comedy< that transformed the soul and the culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 039-049. N2 - The following essay is a modified version of an invited presentation given in Florence, Italy in May 2017. It builds on and extends some of the previous psychoanalytic and multidisciplinary studies of Dante’s >Divine Comedy< as a >psychoanalysis of the Middle Ages< that greatly contributed to the incipient changes of the cultural episteme. The paper will explore and elaborate the continued relevance of Dantian proto-psychoanalytic insight into the complex role of regression, destruction, transgression, and conflict in generating growth, expansion, and creativity, and the ways in which ethics and erotics intertwine in a complex path towards unity, within the context of his multivocal presubjective, intrasubjective, and intersubjective inquiry leading to psychic reorganization. The liminal nature of Dante’s poetry, extending the symbolic and representational range in a way unprecedented in the vernacular literature of his time, vivifying and representing what is traditionally thought of as beyond representation, will also be considered in terms of its relevance to the contemporary psychoanalytic discourse. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pauly, Wolfgang T1 - Erich Fromm - Frei leben, schöpferisch leben. Jüdische Miniaturen Vol. 221, Leipzig und Berlin (Hentrich und Hentrich Verlag), 2019, 86 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira Mendes, Eliana Rodrigues T1 - The roots of violence in Brazil: Impasses and possibilities JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 034-039. N2 - Nowadays, violence appears in various forms in Brazil. From an agricultural country, Brazil became rapidly industrialized, which resulted in large rural exodus and explosion of population density in major cities. Brazil faces today a great social and economic disparity, added to endemic corruption of government, nepotism and lack of social planning. The roots of such violence can be found in our archaic heritage that has been forming Brazilian identity since its early days. The interest of former colonizers was to extract wealth, without regarding the establishment of a nation. This exploitation has been always done by force and violence, with the slave labor of native Indians and imported black people. As a state Brazil was exposed to the primal father’s law, and to the absence of a symbolic father, who could have provided his people with a more stable identity, only given by the paternal law. Is it possible to reframe archaic heritage, rebuilding the missing father image without resorting to a false savior of the fatherland? Is it possible to construct a more equitable society that could propitiate true conditions of citizenship in order to make every citizen, to the extent possible, the protagonist of his own history? Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Bei T1 - On the Alienation Theme of Kazuo Ishiguro's >The Unconsoled< [论石黑一雄《无可慰藉》的异化主题] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Lanzhou Institute of Education [兰州教育学院学报], No. 6 (2019), pp. 49-51, 54. N2 - 异化现象是一种与人本身活动对立的力量,是西方资本主义对人格影响的中心议题。日裔英籍作家石黑一雄在作品《无可慰藉》的创作中,展现了他对于异化独到而深刻的思考。本文以《无可慰藉》为文本依托,以弗洛姆的社会心理学话语为理论依据,探究他对现代性社会问题的深刻反思,以及对建立一个平等自主的健全社会的希冀和探讨。 N2 - Alienation is a force that opposes the activities of human beings and is the central issue of the influence of Western capitalism on personality. Japanese-born British writer Kazuo Ishiguro showed his unique and profound thoughts on alienation in the creation of >Nothing to Comfort<. This article relies on >The Unconsoled< as the text, and uses Fromm's social psychology discourse as the theoretical basis to explore his profound reflection on modern social issues and his hopes and discussions on the establishment of an equal and independent and sound society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ren, Yuping T1 - On Erich Fromm’s Positive Freedom Thought [论弗洛姆的积极自由思想], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2019. N2 - 自由问题既是一个重要的现实生活问题,又是一个重要的哲学问题。自人类拥有意识的那一刻起,对于自由的追求就从没有间断过。经过不断的努力,近代西方国家通过资产阶级革命推翻了封建统治纷纷建立起了资本主义民主制度,人们获得了空前的自由。但是,对于这来之不易的自由,人们并没有很好的享受反而走向的自由的反面。一些人如饥似渴的贡献出自己所拥有自由,加入法西斯、希特勒等极权组织,引发了一系列的战争和社会危机。对于这种逃避自由的现象,西方马克思主义的主要代表之一弗洛姆对其进行了深刻的研究和分析,总结出消极自由并不能够带给人们完整的自由,只有积极自由才是人们真正的自由。弗洛姆的积极自由思想主要继承了马克思的历史唯物主义思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析思学说,他吸收了弗洛伊德的无意识理论、性格学说和自由观以及马克思的异化和自由思想,同时他的也深受犹太教的救世情怀和弥赛亚思想的影响。但是弗洛姆更倾向于马克思的思想,他认为马克思的历史唯物主义揭示了资本主义社会中的种种矛盾,并对其进行了深刻的分析与批判,而弗洛伊德仅仅把人的本质需要说成的性欲的需要,他的思想深度和广度都不及马克思,带有着无法克服的局限性。虽然弗洛姆的积极自由思想很大程度上继承了马克思的思想,但他与马克思的自由思想有着很大的差异,无论是对人的本质的认识,还是关于人的异化思想,或是他们对所追求的积极自由的看法以及实现路径都有着很大的不同。他的积极自由与思想在一定程度上弥补了马克思自由观的不足,具有重要的研究价值。弗洛姆的自由思想不仅具有着无法取代的理论意义,对于解决处于转型时期的中国所遇到的问题也具有着重要的借鉴意义。当前,科技的快速发展给我们的生活带来了极大的变化,高水平的生活质量、便捷的生活方式、舒适的生活环境,但是,人们的精神状况却并没有我们所预想的那样良好,人们的精神空虚,迷茫,幸福感下降,人与人之间冷漠、疏离。因此研究弗洛姆的积极自由思想对于分析并解决我国当前的自由困境具有重要的意义。本文由四大部分组成。第一部分主要是介绍弗洛姆的个人经历,从弗洛姆思想形成的社会历史背景和主要理论来源出发,来分析弗洛姆所处的社会时代背景和个人生活经历对他的思想形成的影响;第二部分是弗洛姆积极自由思想的基本内容。通过对近代积极自由思想内涵的确立以及弗洛姆对近代自由思想的批判来引出弗洛姆的积极自由思想以及积极自由的实现。第三部分是将弗洛姆与马克思的积极自由思想进行比较。通过马克思与弗洛姆关于人的看法,关于异化的理解,关于积极自由的认识的不同分析出弗洛姆积极自由思想的可取之处与局限性。第四部分是弗洛姆积极自由思想的当代价值。弗洛姆的积极自由思想具有重要的理论价值与实践价值,对于我国社会主义现代化建设、对于解决当代中国人与社会发展存在的问题具有着十分重要的借鉴意义。但是弗洛姆的自由思想也存在着一些不足之处,需要引以为戒。 N2 - Freedom is not only an important real life problem, but also an important philosophical problem. From the moment of human consciousness, the pursuit of freedom has never been interrupted. Through continuous efforts, modern western countries overthrew the feudal rule through the bourgeois revolution and established the capitalist democratic system one after another, and people gained unprecedented freedom. However, for this hard-won freedom, people do not enjoy it very much but go to the opposite of freedom. Some people eagerly contributed their own freedom and joined fascist, Hitler and other totalitarian organizations, triggering a series of wars and social crises. For this phenomenon of escaping from freedom, Fromm, one of the main representatives of western Marxism, made a profound study and analysis, and concluded that negative freedom could not bring people complete freedom, and only positive freedom was the real freedom of people. Fromm’s positive freedom of thought is mainly inherited Marx’s historical materialism thought and Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, he absorbed the Freud’s unconscious theory, personality theory and Marx’s alienation and freedom thinking and freedom, at the same time, he also deeply Judaism’s salvation of feelings and thoughts of the messiah. Fromm more inclined to Marx’s thoughts, however, he thinks that Marx’s historical materialism reveals the various contradictions in capitalist society, and on the profound analysis and criticism, and Freud’s mechanical materialism as the essence of man needs only the need of sexual desire, his mind will not have the same depth and breadth of Marx, with an insurmountable limitations. Although Fromm’s positive freedom thought has inherited Marx’s thought to a large extent, he is quite different from Marx’s freedom thought, whether it is the understanding of the nature of human beings, or the idea of human alienation, or their views on the positive freedom they pursue and the way to achieve it. To some extent, his positive freedom and thought make up the deficiency of Marx’s view of freedom and have important research value. Fromm’s freedom thought not only has irreplaceable theoretical significance, but also has important guiding significance for solving the problems encountered by China in the transition period. At present, the rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to our lives, a high level of quality of life, convenient way of life, comfortable life environment, however, the mental condition of people has not good what we expected, we face the same as the capitalist society at that time the social crisis and spiritual crisis: People’s spiritual emptiness, confusion, well-being decline, indifference between people, alienation. Therefore, the study of Fromm’s positive freedom thought is of great significance to analyze and solve the current dilemma of freedom in China. This paper consists of four parts. The first part mainly introduces the personal experience of Fromm, and analyzes the influence of Fromm’s social background and personal life experience on the formation of his thought from the social historical background and main theoretical sources.– The second part is the basic content of Fromm’s positive freedom thought. Through the establishment of the connotation of modern positive freedom thought and Fromm’s criticism of modern freedom thought, Fromm’s positive freedom thought and the realization of positive freedom are introduced.– The third part is to compare Fromm with Marx’s positive freedom thought. Through Marx and Fromm’s views on people, understanding of alienation and understanding of positive freedom, the author analyzes the merits and limitations of Fromm’s positive freedom.– The fourth part is the contemporary value of Fromm’s positive freedom thought. Fromm’s positive freedom thought has important theoretical value and practical value, which is of great reference significance for China’s socialist modernization and for solving the problems of contemporary Chinese and social development. But Fromm’s freedom thinking also has some shortcomings, which need to be taken as a warning. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ren, Xiaoqin T1 - Research on the Performance and Elimination of Mechanical Convergence in Contemporary College Students [机械趋同在当代大学生群体中的表现和摆脱途径的研究] JF - Think Tank Era [智库时代], No. 17 (2019), pp. 203-204. N2 - 很多情况下,人们的感觉、愿望和思想并不是自发的,而是倾向于与别人对他的期望保持一致,美国精神分析学家弗洛姆把这种心理机制叫作机械趋同。当代大学生群体思想的活跃性决定了其对外界变化的感知和应对是最为敏感和迅速的,但是仍然无法克服机械趋同的心理机制带给他们的负面影响。本文将从机械趋同心理在当代大学生的感觉、愿望和思想上的表现入手,探讨大学生摆脱机械趋同心理的途径,以期对大学生的心理健康发展起到一定的启示作用。 N2 - In many cases, people's feelings, desires, and thoughts are not spontaneous, but tend to be consistent with others' expectations. American psychoanalyst Fromm called this psychological mechanism mechanical convergence. The activeness of contemporary college students' group thoughts determines that their perception and response to external changes are the most sensitive and rapid, but they still cannot overcome the negative effects of the psychological mechanism of mechanical convergence. This paper starts with the tendency of mechanical convergence psychology in contemporary college students' feelings, desires and thoughts, and explores the ways for college students to get rid of mechanical convergence psychology, in order to play certain enlightenment on the development of college students' mental health. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Mathias T1 - Historische Ontologie der Gegenwart. Foucaults Kritikbegriff und seine politischen Implikationen. Helmut Fahrenbach zum 90. Geburtstag JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 199-211. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanetto, Matheus T1 - O debate Fromm-Marcuse (1955-1956) JF - Idéias, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Vol. 10 (2019), pp. 1-5, 69-75. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhe, Daniel A1 - et al., T1 - Oedipus goes to the opera: Psychoanalytic inquiry in Enescu’s >Œdipe< and Stravinsky’s >Oedipus Rex< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 027-038. N2 - Psychoanalytic inquiry into operas based on the life of Oedipus may provide further knowledge on the Oedipus complex. Therefore, we chose to analyze Enescu’s >Œdipe< and Stravinsky’s >Oedipus Rex<. Two distinct methodologies were used in our study. The first explored the concept of free association through musical themes in the operas. The second involved the comparative study of the Oedipus myth in order to provide a deeper understanding of Oedipus’s character. We observed that Oedipus displayed symptoms of his complex through the traits of aggressiveness and arrogance. Moreover, we noticed that Oedipus was compelled by the necessity of finding out who his real parents were and by unconsciously accomplishing the prophecy. Oedipus assumed the responsibility to free the Thebans from plague. Yet, it was too late, for the feared part of the prophecy was already accomplished. He provided a wrong answer to the Sphinx and then received the most severe punishment, one that would have ostracism as its outcome. It was, however, not too late for Oedipus to finally discover who his real parents were. Nevertheless, afraid of losing his place as King of Thebes, he investigated the plague’s causes. This resulted in his aggression as he resisted discovering >where babies come from.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rogenhofer, Christoph T1 - Die Verwirklichung des menschlichen Lebens und ihr Fehlschagen bei Erich Fromm, Wissenschaftliche Hausarbeit, Universität Passau 2019, 24 pp. (https://www.grin.com/document/501239) Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohde-Dachser, Christa T1 - Vorwort T2 - C. Kirchhoff et al. (Eds.), Psychoanalytische denken. Sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), 2019, pp. 7-15. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Othello and Macbeth: Complementary Borderline Pathologies at the Basic Fault JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 167-186. N2 - This chapter employs Caroline Polmear’s contemporary reinterpretation of Michael Balint’s concept of the basic fault as a lens through which to read Othello and Macbeth. In Polmear’s view, borderline pathology arises due to a traumatic rupture in the primal bond between mother and child, and it can take the form of either ocnophilia (clinging to people) or philobatism (clinging to spaces). It is proposed that Othello and Macbeth are representations of these complementary character-types. Othello cannot tolerate any separation from Desdemona, while Macbeth retreats into schizoid isolation. The handkerchief, the loss of which is tantamount to the loss of Desdemona’s love, was received by Othello from his mother at the time of her death, while in Macbeth the rupture of the mother-child bond is figured both in Macduff’s having been >untimely ripped< from his mother’s womb and by Lady Macbeth’s description of killing the baby that was nursing at her breast. Two clinical examples—one of an actual patient, the other of Philip Roth—are offered to illustrate the reciprocal interplay of literature and psychoanalysis. It is argued that the traditional notion of >applied psychoanalysis< should be replaced by what might be called, following Shoshana Felman, >implied psychoanalysis,< or what Fromm has called >literary psychoanalysis.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - The Indispensability of Erich Fromm: The Rehabilitation of a >Forgotten< Psychoanalyst JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 70-103. N2 - This chapter provides a comprehensive overview and rehabilitation of Erich Fromm’s importance as a psychoanalyst. Fromm is lauded for having been an unsurpassed analyst of psychoanalytic politics and the incarnation of what it means to be an independent psychoanalyst, who was unjustly attacked both by orthodox analysts and by his erstwhile colleagues in the Frankfurt School. His 1935 essay, >The Social Determinants of Psychoanalytic Therapy,< in which the influence of Ferenczi and Groddeck is directly acknowledged, and his 1959 book, Sigmund Freud’s Mission, are hailed as summits of his achievement, while The Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought shows him in decline. Three weak points in Fromm’s thought are identified: (1) his tendency to flatten out an individual level of analysis into a purely social level; (2) his penchant for shifting the blame for the problems in psychoanalysis away from Freud onto his followers; and (3) his assumption that motherly love is unconditional. Fromm’s defense of radical humanism is compared with that of Orwell, and it is shown to be grounded not only in philosophy but above all in natural science in The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Groddeck’s Lessons JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 152-163. N2 - This chapter examines both >Groddeck’s teaching,< in the sense of the enduing value of his contributions to psychoanalysis, as well as >Groddeck’s lessons,< that is, what we can learn from his blind spots. The question of who is a psychoanalyst stands at the center of Groddeck’s relationship to Freud, and in accepting Groddeck’s assertion that transference and resistance are the >hubs of treatment,< Freud offers his most expansive definition of a psychoanalyst. Groddeck’s genius is most fully displayed in The Book of the It, the epistolary form of which casts him at once in the roles of analyst and patient. From Groddeck’s biography, it is clear that he was an extremely traumatized individual, as is further attested by his analysis in Letter 25 of his penchant for the number 26,783. But Groddeck does not recognize that he has been traumatized, and his one-sided theory that the It is >responsible for everything< reflects his inability to give due weight to environmental factors. Despite his astonishing candor, Groddeck never discusses his divorce from his first wife or the tragic story of his daughter Barbara, wounds that must have too painful for him to expose to the gaze of the reading public. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Freud, Ferenczi, Fromm: The Authoritarian Character as Magic Helper JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 104-114. N2 - This chapter employs Fromm’s concept of the >magic helper< to analyze the symbiotic nature of the Freud-Ferenczi relationship. Because both sadists and masochists, according to Fromm, are unable to tolerate genuine freedom, the sadist is dependent on the masochist, no less than the masochist is dependent on the sadist. As Clara Thompson, who was in analysis with both Ferenczi and Fromm, recognized, Ferenczi suffered from his need to be loved and accepted by Freud, and unconsciously resented him for that reason. Fromm’s contrast between the >original self< and the >pseudo self< parallels Winnicott’s antithesis between the True Self and the False Self, as well as Horney’s antinomy between the >real self< and >phony self.< Marcuse’s critique of Fromm is based on an adherence to Freud’s outmoded drive theory. Whereas Freud plays the role of what Daniel Shaw calls the >traumatizing narcissist< in his relationship with Ferenczi, Ferenczi, until his emancipation in his final years, exhibits the deformations resulting from what Bernard Brandchaft calls >pathological accommodation.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Freud as Milton’s God: Mapping the Patriarchal Cosmos in Psychoanalysis and Paradise Lost JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 39-69. N2 - This chapter offers a proto-Frommian reading of Paradise Lost. The opening section reviews the debate between >theological< and >Romantic< critics of Milton’s poem—C. S. Lewis and Stanley Fish, on the one hand, and A. J. A. Waldock and William Empson, on the other. Although Waldock pointed to the structural contradictions in the epic, and Empson argued that God was >put on trial< in the narrative, the neo-Christians have gotten the upper hand because the neo-Romantics have been unable to provide an overarching framework to account for their observations. The middle section furnishes such a framework by synthesizing Kenneth Burke’s >logological< analysis of the Fall as inevitable from a narrative perspective with Bernard Paris’s insight that God is the supreme narcissist in the poem. The final section compares Milton’s God and Freud as patriarchs who impose a double bind on their followers and are motivated by a compulsive need for fame. Y1 - 2019 ER -