TY - JOUR A1 - Mori, Shigeyuki T1 - The Japanese contribution to violence in the world: The kamikaze attacks in World War II JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 040-046. N2 - The author attempts to understand the kamikaze attacks during World War II as a phenomenon that crossed a border into the systemic use of suicide attacks. The author first presents two historical precursors before World War II: the Seinan (Southwest) War in 1877; and an event in 1932 known as the Three Suicide-Bombing Heroes. To examine the process leading to kamikaze, the author offers two examples: a scene in which a suicide attack was proposed to pilots; and a story of a general, Oenishi, who has been identified as a person responsible for the campaign. In the discussion, the author employs psychoanalytic arguments on chosen trauma and apocalyptic order to see kamikaze as sharing a common psychology with other warfare. He then focuses on the previous debate over the normality of suicide attackers and argues for the importance of finding a role for positive value in the psychological processes. He concludes that kamikaze was realized through multiple mechanisms and ended up crossing the border to unconventional attack. He closes the paper by suggesting we should make efforts to keep the positive feedback in response to suicide attacks under a certain threshold in order to avoid reinforcing the spiral. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Movahedi, Siamak A1 - Moshtagh, Nahaleh T1 - Persian tales on the couch: Notes on folktales as the mirror of the contemporary cultural struggles with gender and sexuality JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 115-124. N2 - This paper presents a report on our psychoanalytic investigation of cultural folktales, myths, and fables, in which we study, primarily, the extent to which such narratives lurk behind contemporary representations of men and women. Our aim is to identify the multiple narrative structures that form the core plots and storylines of these tales. Following Roland Barthes’ work on mythologies, we want to decode the tales’ ideological components by deciphering the axiomatic assumptions these tales make about the nature of perceived social reality. This represents an attempt to study a mind that is derived from the text. More specifically, we study narratives whose storylines revolve around the struggle between men and women in order to identify the culture’s core concerns about and preoccupations with the relationship between the sexes. We believe that cultural myths or folktales are a royal road to a nation’s collective conscience, and include gendered patterns of defenses, obsessions, fears, and paranoia. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ingo T1 - Die zwei Krisen der Verfassungsrechtsprechung JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 65-80. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pang, Yaodan T1 - On the Psychological Mechanism of Modern People's Evasion of Freedom—Analysis of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [浅谈现代人逃避自由的心理机制—从弗洛姆>逃避自由<入手分析] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 7 (2019), pp. 230, 229. N2 - 人类对自由的渴望是与生俱来的。古今中外,自由这个话题从来未曾退出过历史舞台。但是现代人由于异化的心理机制,开始选择逃避责任,放弃自由。本文从分析弗洛姆的逃避自由的心理机制入手,浅谈现代人逃避自由的内在心理机制。 N2 - Human desire for freedom is innate. In ancient and modern China and abroad, the topic of freedom has never withdrawn from the historical arena. However, due to the psychological mechanism of alienation, modern people began to choose to evade responsibility and give up freedom. This paper begins with an analysis of Fromm's psychological mechanism of escaping freedom, and discusses the inner psychological mechanism of modern people's escape from freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Maria, Fabio T1 - Fromm and Horkheimer. On the fundamentals of critical theory’s anthropology JF - Bajo Palabra, II Epoca, Brasil, No. 21, pp. 59-80. N2 - Erich Fromm was central to the Frankfurt Institute of Social Research under the direction of Max Horkheimer, but the works of each author, while handling at times similar issues, took different paths. The article’s aim is to analyze how Horkheimer’s anthropology, which would be of importance in Dialectic of Enlightenment, was built as the author embodied in his essays elements of Fromm’s social psychology, albeit overcoming some of its limitations, as well as suggesting new potentials of critique. N2 - Erich Fromm fue fundamental para el Instituto de Investigación Social de Frankfurt dirigido por Max Horkheimer, pero las obras de cada autor, mientras que a veces se enfrentaban a problemas similares, siguieron caminos diferentes. El objetivo del artículo es analizar cómo la antropología de Horkheimer, importante en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración, se construyó cuando el autor incorporaba elementos de la psicología social de Fromm, aunque superaba sus limitaciones y sugería nuevos potenciales de crítica. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Di Blasi, Johanna A1 - Kluge, Alexander T1 - Achtung vor Robotern. Über die soziale Intelligenz der Maschinen und Goethes Homunculus, der klüger ist als der Mensch T2 - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 97-100. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durkin, Kieran T1 - Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno Reconsidered: A Case Study in Intellectual History JF - New German Critique 136, Vol. 46, No. 1, February 2019, pp. 103-126. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonomi, Carlo T1 - Review Jonathan Sklar: Dark times. Psychoanalytic perspectives on politics, history and mourning JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 245-246. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, Fergal T1 - An extract of the analysis of the Monkey Puzzle Boy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 212-221. N2 - A client who wants his story to be made into a case history presents for psychoanalysis. An artist all his adult life, he expresses his sexual trauma through his art. His more recent artistic output is in the form of avant-garde video montages. The analysis stalls, becalmed by a failure to understand a circumcision event, a punishment for sexual expression. If Ferenczi and the Budapest school model learning from therapeutic errors, freedom of thought, sincerity, and experimentation, then this case history illustrates those. Real sexual trauma and a real circumcision event are entangled with fantasy and art in attempts to come to terms with them. The circumcision event was better understood with multiple readings of Carlo Bonomi’s work, which became part of the analysis. The wider Ferenczi community also became part of the story of the analysis, and in a kind of mutuality the analysis wants to make a contribution to that body of knowledge. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braune, Joan T1 - Void and Idol: A Critical Theory Analysis of the Neo-fascist >Alt-Right< JF - Journal of Hate Studies, Vol. 15 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 11–37. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Buechler, Sandra T1 - Psychoanalytic Approaches to Problems in Living. Addressing Life's Challenges in Clinical Practice, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, 218 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Ying T1 - The Enlightenment of Fromm's Theory on Emotional Education of College Art Students [弗洛姆理论对高校艺术类学生情感教育的启示] JF - New West [新西部], No. 9 (2019), pp. 142-143. N2 - 文章阐述了弗洛姆爱的艺术理论的核心,分析了高校艺术类学生在爱的实践中呈现出的特征。论述了弗洛姆爱的艺术理论对艺术类学生情感教育的启示:帮助学生正确认识爱的本质,引导学生建立和谐情感关系,培养学生爱的实践能力。 N2 - The article expounds the core of Fromm's art theory of love, and analyzes the characteristics of college art students in the practice of love. The enlightenment of Fromm's art theory on the emotional education of art students: help students to correctly understand the nature of love, guide students to establish a harmonious emotional relationship, and cultivate students' practical ability in love. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Celenza, Andrea T1 - From relation to the field: Modes of unconscious fantasy elaborations JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 203-211. N2 - Relational and field theories have much in common, despite divergent foundations. In this paper, several areas of divergence are selected, including the structure of the field as a relational matrix or as an unconscious joint fantasy of the couple; the fate and form of insight; and the nature of the unconscious as relational or ubiquitous. Differences in cognitive and attentional sets are identified and linked to different modes of insight. Using a clinical vignette, these divergences will be illustrated with an attempt to compare and contrast the two approaches through a discussion of how each lens highlights, expands, or forecloses different features of the analytic process. A mode of conceiving the unconscious as unstructured and multiple in potential is offered to reconcile divergent assumptions in therapeutic action. A consideration of Sandor Ferenczi’s clinical emphasis on relaxed technique, elasticity, and especially mutuality suggests that he would have been a field theorist were he among us today. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Lunjun T1 - >Escape from Freedom<: The Example of the Relationship between Self and Group [>逃避自由<:自我与群体关系的窠臼] JF - Home Drama [戏剧之家], No. 32 (2019), pp. 225-226. N2 - 在漫长的人类发展进程中,追求自由是个体成长发育的内在需求,相伴而生的自我与群体之关系却成为纠缠在人身上的隐形枷锁。由于在这一问题上所做出的独到而精妙的探讨,著名社会学大师艾里希·弗洛姆(Erich·Fromm)的名作《逃避自由》一经问世便引起巨大反响,他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析和马克思主义的社会批评方法,对现代西方社会群体心理进行分析,发现人在追求自由的同时,也在极力>逃避自由<使>自我<从>群体<中消解,以此获得自我在群体中的安全感;在他看来,只有自发性的爱与创造性劳动才是自由生长的坦途,才是自我和群体真正的和解方式 N2 - In the long process of human development, the pursuit of freedom is an inherent requirement of individual growth and development, but the accompanying relationship between self and the group has become an invisible shackle entangled with people. Because of the unique and subtle discussion on this issue, the famous sociology master Erich Fromm's masterpiece >Escape from Freedom has aroused a huge response once it came out. He combined Freudian moral’ psychoanalysis and Marxist social criticism methods to analyze the psychology of modern western social groups and find that while people are pursuing freedom, they are also trying their best to >escape freedom< to dispel >self< from >groupEscape from Freedom< [追求自由与逃避自由—对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的思考] JF - Yangtze River Series [长江丛刊], No. 6 (2019), p. 166-167. N2 - 弗洛姆在其《逃避自由》一书中认为>逃避自由<表现了人类普遍的病态心理,造成了病态的社会,而且贯穿了当代资本主义的整个进程。他想要表达的主题是:逃避孤独,放弃自由。他认为孤独和自由是一对双生胎儿,逃避孤独和追求自由一样,都深深的植于人的本性中。当二者发生冲突时,人们启动了逃避心理机制,逃避孤独的同时也放弃了自由。但这种逃避在理论上是行不通的,实践也证明这种逃避不仅是失败,更是一种灾难。通过学习弗洛姆在社会微观层面上的心理学分析与马克思在社会宏观层面上的社会批判及建构之间找到寻找自由的契合点,不仅能够加强我们对马克思自由观的科学性的认识,也能增强我们对整个人类自由解放的信心,力求树立正确的自由观,实现人的全面发展。 N2 - In his book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm argues that >escape from freedom< is the expression of a general human pathology that has created a pathological society and permeates the entire process of contemporary capitalism. The theme he wants to express is: to escape from loneliness and give up freedom. He believes that loneliness and freedom are twin fetuses, and that escaping from loneliness and pursuing freedom are both deeply rooted in human nature. When there is a conflict between the two, people start the psychological mechanism of escape, escaping from loneliness and giving up freedom at the same time. But this kind of escape does not work theoretically, and practice also proves that it is not only a failure but also a disaster. Through studying the psychological analysis on the micro level of society by Fromm and the social criticism and construction on the macro level of society by Marx, we can find a point of convergence in the search for freedom, which can not only strengthen our understanding of the scientificity of Marx's concept of freedom, but also enhance our confidence in the liberation of the whole human race, and strive to establish a correct concept of freedom and realize the all-round development of human beings. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Chen T1 - On Fromm's Escape Mechanisms – The movie >The Wave< [试论弗洛姆的逃避机制—关于电影《浪潮》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation 文化创新比较研究, No. 5 (2019), pp. 58-59. N2 - 面对自由,人们表现出孤独和寂寞,并主要通过三种方式逃避自由。从电影《浪潮》出发,通过分析当代人采取这些逃避机制的原因,帮助我们更好地理解弗洛姆的思想。 N2 - When confronted with freedom, people express loneliness and isolation, and escape from freedom in three main ways. The film >The Wave< helps us to better understand Fromm's ideas by analyzing the reasons for these escape mechanisms in contemporary times. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaoxing A1 - Peng, Xiaodong T1 - On >Emotional Education< – From >Love between Parents and Children< [>情感教育<浅议——从《父母与孩子之间的爱》说起] JF - Middle School Chinese [中学语文], No. 30 (2019), pp. 101-102. N2 - 听过一堂公开课。一位老师讲解弗洛姆的《父母与孩子之间的爱》一文。在讲解完课文内容之后,老师布置了一项活动。关闭门窗,关闭灯光,配着音乐,老师声情并茂地朗诵了一篇歌颂父母之爱的散文。在倾听老师朗读的过程中,确有一些学生感动得热泪盈眶。读完后,老师请学生说说>你想对父母说些什么<,几个同学说完、老师简评之后,老师又播放了一首歌颂母爱的歌曲,在歌声中结束了教学……从老师设计的教学活动 … N2 - Listened to a public class. A teacher explains Fromm's >Love between Parents and Children<. After explaining the text, the teacher arranged an activity. Closing the doors and windows, turning off the lights, and accompanied by music, the teacher recited an essay in praise of his parents' love. While listening to the teacher reading aloud, some students were indeed moved to tears. After reading, the teacher asked the students to say >what do you want to say to your parents?< After a few classmates spoke and the teacher gave a short comment, the teacher played another song chanting mother love, and ended the teaching in the singing ... Teacher-designed teaching activities … Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cimino, Silvia A1 - et al., T1 - Musical rhythms in an infant observation: Harmonies, pauses, dissonances, and interruptions JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 155-164. N2 - The infant observation presented in this paper was conducted weekly for two years. Through an extensive use of clinical vignettes and personal and theoretical considerations, this article aims to highlight that both harmonies and pauses, as well as interruptions and dissonances, can be present in early interactive exchanges, forming the fabric of a relational piece of music that is not always as harmonious as might be desirable. The role of the father in moderating problematic interactions between the mother and her child is also examined. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Report on the XXth IFPS Forum >New faces of fear. Ongoing transformations in our society and in psychoanalytic practice,< October 17–20, 2018, Florence T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 067-068. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Childhood, attachment, separation, and trauma T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 125-126. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Ferenczi and Freud – From psychoanalysis as a >professional and personal home< to the creation of a >psychoanalytic home< for the patient1 JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 193-202. N2 - The author explores the relationship between Sándor Ferenczi and Sigmund Freud in the light of their correspondence. This allows us to see how Freud was able to offer and create for Ferenczi a >professional and personal home< that enabled the latter to find a much more meaningful and creative contact with himself. According to the author, this experience played an important role in Ferenczi’s later readiness to offer to and create with his patients a similar >psychoanalytic home.< As Freud was not able to share such clinical research work with Ferenczi, a conflict developed between them whose nature has occupied psychoanalysts ever since, and whose seeds can be found in the 1246 letters that they exchanged between January 1908 and May 1933. From this point of view, Ferenczi’s Clinical diary (written in 1932 and published only in 1985) can be seen as the continuation of the dialogue they had entertained for so many years, as well as Ferenczi’s attempt not to give up the “professional and personal home” that they had created together. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epstein, Barbara A1 - et al., T1 - The Rise, Decline and Possible Revival of Socialism Humanism [社会主义人道主义的崛起、式微与勃兴可能] JF - Research on Marxist Aesthetics [马克思主义美学研究], No. 1 (2019), pp. 226-274, 558. N2 - 社会主义人道主义是20世纪中后期兴起的一种国际马克思主义运动思潮及其知识分子国际群体。本文从社会主义人道主义的崛起、式微、勃兴三个历史阶段,归纳总结弗洛姆、汤姆森、杜娜叶夫斯卡娅、卢卡奇、梅洛-庞蒂、柯拉柯夫斯基、戈德曼等重要理论家对社会主义人道主义的理论贡献,从历史层面详细梳理社会主义人道主义在东欧、西欧以及英美社会的不同理论发展及其历史成因,从理论层面深入探讨社会主义人道主义的不同思想主题及其社会动因。 N2 - Socialist humanism, in form of international Marxist movement and intellectual groups,has been rising since the middle and late 20th century. This article, from three historical stages of its rising, declining, and reviving, presents a summary of main ideas and contributions of important theorists such as Fromm, Thompson, Dunayevskaya, Lukács, Merleau-Ponty, Kolakowski, Goldmann, examining at a historical level the different trajectories of socialist humanism in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Britain and America, and exploring their unique ideological motifs and social motivations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erbacher, Felix T1 - Review Leisinger, K., >Die Kunst der verantwortungsvollen Führung<. Warum CEOs lieben müssen JF - Basler Zeitung, 11. Februar 2019. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahrenbach, Helmut T1 - Philosophische Anthropologie. Die anthropologische Frage in der Philosophie Ernst Blochs JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 29-38. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falzeder, Ernst A1 - Erhart, Eva T1 - Freud–Ferenczi correspondence, revisited JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 189-192. N2 - The article gives an overview of what Freud and Ferenczi had to say in their correspondence about their own relationship, and how they dealt with problems that arose between them. It includes a list of short selected quotes from the correspondence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Junxia T1 - An Analysis of >Babbitt< from the Perspective of Consumption Ethics [消费伦理视角下《巴比特》的解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education [黑龙江教育学院学报], No. 5 (2019), pp. 116-118. N2 - 《巴比特》是美国著名作家辛克莱•刘易斯的代表作,小说通过对房地产商人巴比特的刻画,形象生动地向大众展示了20年代美国的消费主义文化特征。从消费伦理视角看,小说中人与社会之间是占有式的消费方式,人与人之间是利益扭曲的,自我个性也面临着消失的状态。这对探究美国商业的发展、美国人的文化精神,甚至我国当代社会的消费伦理构建都具有重要价值。 N2 - >Babbitt< is the masterpiece of Sinclair Lewis, a famous American writer. By depicting Babbitt, a real estate businessman, the novel vividly demonstrates the cultural characteristics of American consumerism in the 1920s. From the perspective of consumption ethics, in the novel, the relationship between people and society is possessive consumption, people are distorted in interests, and self-personality is disappearing. It is of great value to explore the development of American business, the cultural spirit of Americans, and even the construction of consumption ethics in our contemporary society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Bonomi, Carlo T1 - Editorial: Sándor Ferenczi and contemporary psychoanalysis: A selection of papers from the 13th International Sándor Ferenczi Conference, Florence, May 2018 T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 187-188. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Introduction - Violence, terror and terrorism today: Psychoanalytic perspectives – Part III JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 001-002. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Csillag, Veronica T1 - The making of a mass murderer: Notes on the novel We need to talk about Kevin JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 019-024. N2 - The fictional protagonist of the Lionel Shriver novel, >We need to talk about Kevin<, massacred nine classmates, his father and his sister with a bow and arrow. He murdered them just before he turned 16, to avoid being prosecuted as an adult. He spared the life of his mother, a kindred spirit, cold, arrogant, who would recognize the depth of his hatred and nihilism. Kevin's maternal grandfather was born in a concentration camp during the Armenian genocide. His mother, Eva, a tough, independent woman, loathed being pregnant and the process of giving birth. Kevin was a demanding baby and then a cruel child. Eva kept telling her husband that she found Kevin's malignity troubling, but he only wanted to see the charming, vulnerable side of the boy. Was Kevin born a sociopath or did he become one due to his experiences in utero and beyond? In this paper, I elucidate how temperamental features, inadequate parenting, transgenerational trauma, and oppressive gender relations created the perfect storm from which Kevin's personality developed. Finally, I will discuss how Eva and Kevin struggled to repair their relationship after the murders, and consider whether forgiveness and reconciliation are even possible after such a heinous act. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Wolfgang G. T1 - Toward a Humanization and Democratization of Work: References of Work, Organizational, and Economic Psychology to Erich Fromm's Concepts JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 080-094. N2 - Concepts from Self-Determination theory are related to Fromm’s conceptualizations of existential human needs and human strengths. Empirical findings seem to support Fromm (1955a) in stating that socio-economic environments which embody particular values will influence psychological well-being, health and social relations of consumers. Further, empirical studies on effects of working in democratic enterprises and experiencing a sociomoral work climate upon employees’ attitudes and behaviors will be presented. All in all, the findings support Fromm’s vision of a humanization and democratization of work. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019g Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019g ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Xue T1 - An Analysis of the Humanity Thought in Fromm's >Behind the Chains of Illusion< [浅析弗洛姆《在幻想锁链的彼岸》中的人性思想] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青], No.12 (2019), pp. 101-102. N2 - 马克思主义自从诞生开始就对世界政治、经济、社会等个个方面都产生了巨大的影响,对于马克思主义的研究和发展一直都没有停息。弗洛姆出人意料的将马克思主义与同样在西方拥有巨大影响力的弗洛伊德学说结合起来,试图在对两者的比较分析中发掘两位思想家的共同点,试图去调和精神分析学和马克思主义中的人本思想,从而发展出新的学说。这种对比在他的《在幻想锁链的彼岸》一书中表现的尤为明显,在这里他分别阐述了马克思和弗洛伊德的基本思想,特别是关于人和社会的观点,并对这些观点进行了比较分析。 N2 - Since the birth of Marxism, it has had a tremendous impact on the world politics, economy, and society and so on. It has not stopped for the research and development of Marxism. Fromm unexpectedly combines Marxism with the Freudian doctrine, which also has great influence in the West, in an attempt to find out the commonalities of the two thinkers in a comparative analysis of the two, trying to reconcile psychoanalysis with Marx. Humanistic thinking in the doctrine thus developed new doctrines. This contrast is particularly evident in his book The Other Side of the Fantasy Chain, where he elaborates on the basic ideas of Marx and Freud, especially those about people and society. A comparative analysis was conducted. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gandesha, Samir T1 - Adorno, Ferenczi, and a new >categorical imperative after Auschwitz< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 222.230. N2 - Theodor W. Adorno's mature thought can be characterized by the attempt to articulate what he calls a >new categorical imperative after Auschwitz.< By this, Adorno means that theory and praxis must be organized in such a way that the Holocaust does not repeat itself. This article argues that Sándor Ferenczi’s metapsychology is key to understanding Adorno’s attempt to rethink the nature of precisely such a new categorical imperative. One of the key themes of Adorno’s entire corpus is the problem of the “identification with the aggressor” – an idea that originates with Ferenzci rather than, as is commonly thought, Anna Freud. The Ferenczian dimension of Adorno’s thinking becomes particularly clear in Adorno’s thoughts on the question of freedom. In this context, Adorno engages in a psychoanalytically informed critique of the philosophy of freedom and a speculative philosophical critique of psychoanalysis. The fashioning of a >new categorical imperative< after Auschwitz entails a form of education directed towards a new form of Mündigkeit, one oriented towards contradiction, resistance, and a steadfast refusal to >identify with the aggressor.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - Return to Sepharad: Is it possible to heal an ancient wound? A reflection on the construction of large-group identity JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 095-103. N2 - Spanish parliament recently issued a new law offering Spanish nationality to Sephardic Jews who so desired and could demonstrate a basic knowledge of the Spanish language and culture. This law attempted to redress a five-centuries-old injustice and was expected to unleash both criticism and praise. Surprisingly, reactions in the public or the press were minimal or absent. Reasons for this are explored through a qualitative study with focus groups, which showed ideas that can be grouped into four main categories: ignorance, justice, distrust, and fear. It is hypothesized that the predominantly silent response to the new law might be due to the fact that it touches on an extremely sensible issue: the historically fragmented Spanish identity. A position of negation is constructed, to avoid deep anxieties related to the fragile core of a collective identity built from many >others< forced to the refuge of an introspection that protects them from the conviction of not fulfiling the ideal identity status, known by all but reached by none. All those >others< have mixed their bloods with the Old Christians along the centuries, possibly transmitting a profound insecurity about their personal and collective identity that might contribute to understanding current social reactions. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - The disturbing presence of the father: Paternal function and its initial developments JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 140-146. N2 - The birth of a child strongly influences the way in which we adults perceive life and, therefore, our inner world. This birth, or rather the expectation of it, initiates in the father a complex process, the paternal function. Despite being a common experience, there are many open questions regarding its development and its impact on the new father. We reflect here on paternal function and explore conscious and unconscious fantasies of the man facing new-found fatherhood. We propose that a kind of pre-Oedipal process has already begun during pregnancy. The new being’s mere existence inside the womb generates an exclusionary force that sets the father’s ambivalent feelings in motion. The overwhelming certainty of motherhood and the generation of the mother–fetus bubble develops in parallel with the uncertainty of the father, immersed in inner conflicts regarding what his relationship with the mother–child couple is and will be. He rapidly experiences how the child’s presence makes him an excluded third party, always longing to fully occupy the place he once enjoyed beside the mother. The baby enters a world where father’s strong ambivalence is already in place, facilitating and setting in motion a full development of the Oedipal process. Finally, some considerations are outlined on the potential influence of this complex ambivalence in large group reactions and the need to be remembered that humans have displayed since ancient historical times. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Genug ist (nicht) genug. Streben nach Entgrenzung und Grenzen der Selbstoptimierung JF - Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychotherapie. Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Tiefenpsychologie, Frankfurt (Brandes & Apsel), No. 184, Vol. 50, (No. 4, 2019), pp. 545-559. N2 - Ein selbstbestimmtes Leben zu führen, das sich von keinen äußeren und inneren Vorgaben einschränken lässt, gleichzeitig aber hohe Ansprüche an Selbstoptimierung und Selbstverwirklichung zu realisieren versucht, zeichnet vermehrt das Leben von vor allem jungen Menschen aus, die therapeutische Hilfe suchen. Was bringt sie dazu, ihr Leben so einzurichten, dass sie sich mit Grenzen und Selbstbegrenzungen so schwer tun und sich nicht mit weniger begnügen können? Der folgende Beitrag fragt anhand der Psychoanalytischen Sozialpsychologie Erich Fromms nach den Ursachen für die Entwicklung eines neuen Sozialcharakters, der sich die digitale Technik und die elektronischen Medien zunutze macht, um selbstbestimmt, ungebunden und ohne Rücksicht auf Vorgaben und Maßgaben Wirklichkeit neu, anders und besser zu ‘schaffen und dabei vor der eigenen Persönlichkeit nicht Halt macht. Der Fokus der Ausführungen liegt dabei nicht auf den sich daraus ergebenden klinischen Fragen, sondern auf den pathogenen Auswirkungen dieser Sozialcharakterbildung in den Psychen der Vielen. Die Frage der Unersättlichkeit - des Nicht- genug-bekommen-Könnens — ist so alt wie die Menschheit. Sie wurde traditionell vor allem unter dem Begriff der Gier erörtert, und zwar einer Gier, bei der man trotz Befriedigung nicht satt wird. Dass man Hunger hat und deshalb eine Gier spürt, ist etwas sehr Natürliches; dass man die Gier befriedigt und sich dennoch unersättlich erlebt, verweist auf eine charakterologische Gier und bedarf einer psychologischen Erklärung. N2 - Adolescents trying to live both self-determined and self-optimized are often looking for analytical help. What are the triggers for struggling with self-limitation? This essay is looking for the answer to that question based on the psychoanalytical social psychology by Erich Fromm with its basic assumption of a new social character orientation that uses social media and digital devices to live free from any requirements in a new, better and different manner without stopping at its own personality. Not clinical questions, but pathogen effects of this new figure for the psyches of the mass are discussed. Insatiability is as old as mankind. Historically this has been di cussed as greed that can never be satisfied. That one is hungry and therefore feels greed is something very natural. If one satisfies greed and yet experiences oneself insatiably refers to a characterological greed and needs a psychological explanation. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Das medial Ich. Zur psychischen Neukonstruktion des Menschen JF - Fokus Beratung, Berlin (EKFuL), No. 34 (Mai 2019), pp. 72-81. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Liebe zum Leben - trotz allem! Zur Aktualität der Biophilie nach Erich Fromm JF - R. Daniel, J. Haberer, C. Neuen (Eds.), Lust auf Zukunft trotz Sorge und Zweifel, Ostfildern (Patmos) 2019, pp. 92-111. N2 - Anknüpfend an das Tagungsthema >Lust auf Zukunft trotz Sorge und Zweifel< wird versucht, von der Sozial-Psychoanalyse Erich Fromms her die Lust auf Zukunft mit Fromms Konzept der Biophilie zu begründen. Dabei wird die Lust auf Zukunft psychologisch als die dem menschlichen Leben inhärente primäre Tendenz begriffen, die konstruktiven Lebensmöglichkeiten zur Entfaltung zu bringen. Diese primäre Tendenz kann aber durch psychische Anpassungsleistungen an bestimmte wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Erfordernisse geschwächt werden. Dies wird an den von Fromm analysierten Sozial-Charakterorientierungen sowie an dem vom Autor beschriebenen ich-orientierten Charakter verdeutlicht. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Vom Haben zum Sein? [reprint of Funk_R_2016g] JF - Psychologie heute compact - Vom Glück des Weniger, Weinheim (Beltz-Verlag), No. 58, pp. 42-47. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Entgrenzung als mentale Neukonstruktion der Persönlichkeit JF - Faust Jahrbuch 5 (2014-2016). Goethes Faust als Protagonist der Entgrenzung - Befunde und Analysen, ed. by Marco Lehmann-Waffwenschmidt, Bielefeld (Aisthesis Verlag), 2019, pp. 99-114. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gu, Hongyan T1 - The Contemporary Significance of Fromm's Idea of Aestheticizing Existence [弗洛姆审美化生存思想的当代意义], Master thesis, Aesthetics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)是20世纪著名的哲学家, 思想家和社会学家, 是西方马克思主义的代表人物之一。他综合了马克思的异化理论和弗洛伊德的人格分析学说并建立了审美化生存理论, 从人性角度出发, 透过资本主义经济繁荣的表象, 在哲学范畴内批判了西方资本主义社会全面异化的现象, 揭示了异化现象的形成原因, 并积极探索理想化生存社会的建构。弗洛姆审美化生存理论对现时代中国建设和谐社会、深化>以人为本<原则有着重要的借鉴作用和参考价值。论文主要分为三个部分:第一部分介绍弗洛姆思想形成的理论来源及现实背景。马克思的社会学理论和弗洛伊德的人格分析说对弗洛姆的影响很大, 个人的经历和时代的变迁使他积极地从哲学理论中寻找答案。弗洛姆通过对人的生存困境和社会的现实处境展开对资本主义社会生存危机的批判, 这也是弗洛姆生存思想的现实背景。第二部分系统地介绍了弗洛姆审美化生存思想的建构。以人性为起点, 首先分析了弗洛姆的人性生存论, 积极探索实现审美化生存的基础——生产性人格, 鼓励重生存的生活方式, 并提出理想社会模式的建构。弗洛姆认为只有通过从内到外地全面改革才能实现人的自由解放, 创建生产性人格, 建构审美化生存社会。第三部分介绍对弗洛姆审美化生存思想的评价。首先从人性理论和异化理论分析了审美化生存思想的空想性。其次分析了审美化生存思想的理论意义。弗洛姆审美化生存思想创建了资本主义批判的新维度, 并促进对人精神分析的新视角。最后介绍弗洛姆审美化生存思想对中国建设和谐社会具有重要的借鉴意义, 可以深化对>以人为本<原则的认识, 并积极地促进精神文明建设。弗洛姆审美化生存思想丰富和扩展了国外马克思主义的理论创新, 弗洛姆思想的形成受其生活时代的影响, 弗洛姆对资本主义的批判是不彻底的, 在不推翻资本主义私有制的前提下进行的全面改革也是改良式的。因此我们必须用辩证的历史的发展的观点看待审美化理论, 积极地探索和解决我们在和谐社会建设中遇到的挑战。 N2 - Erich Fromm, a famous philosopher, thinker and sociologist in the 20th century, is one of the representative figures of Western Marxism. From the perspective of human nature, he criticized the phenomenon of total alienation in western capitalist society through the appearance of economic prosperity, revealed the causes of alienation, and actively explored the construction of an idealized living society. Fromm's theory of survival aestheticization has an important reference value for China's construction of a harmonious society and the deepening of the >human-centered< principle. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the theoretical source and the practical background of the formation of Fromm's thought. Marx's sociological theory and Freud's personality analysis have a great influence on Fromm, and his personal experience and the changes of the times make him actively seek answers from philosophical theories. Fromm criticized the existential crisis of capitalist society through the predicament of human existence and the real situation of society, which is also the realistic background of Fromm's idea of survival.– The second part systematically introduces the construction of Fromm's idea of aesthetic survival. Taking human nature as the starting point, the first part analyzes Fromm's theory of survival of human nature, actively explores the basis of aesthetic survival - the productive personality, encourages a way of life that emphasizes survival, and proposes the construction of an ideal social model. Fromm argues that only through a comprehensive reform from the inside out can human beings be liberated, a productive personality be created, and a society of aesthetic existence be constructed.– The third part introduces the evaluation of Fromm's idea of aesthetic existence. The first part analyzes the imaginary nature of aesthetic existence from human nature theory and alienation theory. The second part analyzes the theoretical significance of Aesthetic Survival Thought. Fromm's Aesthetic Survival creates a new dimension in the critique of capitalism, and promotes a new perspective in the analysis of human spirit. Finally, it introduces the significance of Fromm's Aesthetic Survival to the construction of a harmonious society in China, which can deepen the understanding of the principle of >people-oriented< and actively promote the construction of spiritual civilization. The formation of Fromm's thought was influenced by the era in which he lived. Fromm's criticism of capitalism was incomplete, and the comprehensive reform carried out on the premise of not overthrowing capitalist private ownership was also reformed. Therefore, we must look at the theory of aestheticism from the perspective of dialectical historical development, and actively explore and solve the challenges we encounter in the construction of a harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gu, Ruoyan T1 - An Analysis of the Humanity and Ethical Alienation of the Small and Medium-sized Citizens in Grass's >The Tin Drum< [《铁皮鼓》中小市民人性及伦理异化探析] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 15 (2019), pp. 127-130. N2 - 《铁皮鼓》以小家庭为单位呈现了小市民社会的缩影,展现了被异化的人性与伦理。小说通过对小市民社会的描绘,映射了同时期病态的德国社会,揭示了纳粹得以滋生壮大的社会根源。本文结合马克思伦理思想及弗洛姆人性异化论,分析《铁皮鼓》中小市民社会畸形的人际关系与生活方式,从而理解作品中深刻的历史反思主题。 N2 - >The Tin Drum< presents a microcosm of small civil society as a small family, showing the alienated humanity and ethics. Through the depiction of the small civil society, the novel maps the morbid German society at the same time, revealing the social roots of the Nazis' growth and growth. This thesis combines Marx's ethical thoughts and Fromm's theory of alienation of humanity to analyze the interpersonal relationship and life style of the social malformation of the small and medium-sized citizens in the >The Tin Drum<, so as to understand the profound historical reflection theme in the works. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gui, Shan T1 - A Study of Fromm's Social Theory from the Perspective of Marxism [基于马克思主义视角的弗洛姆社会理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jiangsu Provincial Party School, Jiangsu, China 2019. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是人本主义的马克思主义的重要理论家,一生著作颇丰。他的主要代表作有《逃避自由》、《自我的追寻》、《健全的社会》、《马克思论人》、《弗洛伊德思想的贡献与局限》等。弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义学说是其思想的主要来源。作为一个精神分析治疗师,弗洛姆创造性地发挥了弗洛伊德的无意识理论,提出了自己的社会无意识理论,这也成为他的社会理论的基础。在研究人的心理状态时,他不仅考虑到了人的生理本能因素,更多地看到了社会历史文化因素对人的心理状态的影响。只有深入研究这些因素对人的性格结构的影响,才能理解现代人为什么要逃避自由,也才能看清现代资本主义社会的病态本质,从而寻求一种健全的人道主义社会。本文试图理清弗洛姆社会理论的逻辑进路,研究他的理论的核心基础和基本内容,发现从人性层面到社会层面的弊病以及解决之道。最后从总体上对弗洛姆的社会理论进行批判性的评价。第一章是阐述弗洛姆社会理论的生成背景和思想渊源,使我们对弗洛姆其人有一个整体上的认识和把握。第二章首先指出了弗洛姆社会理论的基础—无意识理论,其次探讨了社会理论的基本内容及其丰富内涵。其中,弗洛姆分析了现代人逃避自由的心理机制,并探讨了社会性格的两种类型。弗洛姆认为我们应当与世界建立起自发创造性的联系,用爱与理性的力量创造性地生活。在这里他重点强调了社会无意识和社会性格在联结经济基础和意识形态之间的中介作用。最后阐述了弗洛姆对病态社会的剖析及他对健全的人道主义社会的构想。第三章从马克思主义的视角对其理论进行了批判性的评价,分析了它的理论价值和局限性。 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important theoretician of Marxist humanism and wrote many books in his life. His major works are >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself<, >The Sane Society<, >Marx’s Concept of Man<, >Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought< and so on. Freud’s psychoanalysis and Marxism are the main sources of his thoughts. As a psychoanalytic therapist, Fromm creatively developed Freud’s theory of unconsciousness and put forward his own theory of social unconsciousness, which became the basis of his social theory. When studying people’s psychological state, he not only considered people’s physiological instinctive factors, but also saw the influence of social, historical and cultural factors on people’s psychological state. Only by deeply studying the influence of these factors on people’s character structure, can we understand why modern people want to escape from freedom and see the pathological nature of modern capitalist society, so as to seek a sound humanitarian society. This study tries to clarify the logic process of Fromm’s social theory, study the core foundation and basic content of his theory, and find out the maladies from the human dimension to the social dimension and the solutions. At last, this study critically evaluates Fromm’s social theory on the whole. The first chapter is to expound the forming background and ideological origin of Fromm’s social theory, so that we have a general understanding of him.– The second chapter firstly points out the foundation of Fromm’s social theory – the theory of unconsciousness, and then probes into the basic content and rich connotation of his social theory. Fromm analyzed the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom of modern people and discussed two types of social characters. Fromm believes that we should establish a spontaneous and creative connection with the world and use the power of love and reason to live creatively. Here he emphasizes the mediating role of social unconsciousness and social character in gluing economic foundation and ideology. At last, this study expounds Fromm’s analysis of the sick society and his conception of the sound humanitarian society.– The third chapter critically evaluates his theory from the perspective of Marxism and analyzes its theoretical value and limitations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guo, Xiaofei T1 - A Review of Fromm’s Thoughts of Goodness [弗洛姆的善的思想述评] JF - Journal of Shaoxing University(Humanities and Social Sciences) [ 绍兴文理学院学报(人文社会科学),] No. 5 (2019), pp. 81-87. N2 - 弗洛姆是心理学领域少有的关注和重视善的研究的心理学家。弗洛姆的许多著作涉及伦理学论题,且将善作为分析和研究的核心主题。弗洛姆认为,人性的善恶应该从人的社会关系视角加以分析,从性格的形成和发展的规律角度解析人的善恶机制,他相信人类可以构架一种基于友善或爱的和谐的社会关系。梳理和解析弗洛姆的善的本质观、善的人性观、善的发生机制和善的社会关系的思想,对建设和谐社会具有理论指导意义。 N2 - Fromm is a rare psychologist who focuses on and highly values the study of goodness in the field of psychology. Many of Fromm’s works deal with ethical thesis, making goodness a central theme of analysis and research. Fromm believes that the evil and goodness in human nature should be analyzed from the perspective of human social relations, and the mechanism of human evil and goodness interpreted from the law of the formation and development of character. Fromm believes that human beings can structure harmonious social relations based on care or love. It is of theoretical guiding significance for the construction of a harmonious society by combing and analyzing Fromm’s views on the nature and humanity of goodness, the generative mechanism of goodness and the thought of good social relations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Min T1 - The Dual Dimensions of Freedom – Thoughts on the View of Freedom in >Escape from Freedom< [自由的双重维度——对《逃避自由》中自由观的思考] JF - Legal System and Society [法制与社会], No. 21 (2019), pp. 228-229. N2 - 自由作为人类向往的精神境界,一直是社会研究的重要主题。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中,从心理学角度出发,对自由做出了自己的阐述。积极自由和消极自由作为自由两种不同的表现形式,表达了在追寻个人自由时的不同侧重点。与此同时,弗洛姆所倡导的积极自由与马克思眼中的全面自由发展又存在区分唯心主义与唯物主义标准的区别。本文就是在阅读《逃避自由》之后,就自由这一主题进行探讨。 N2 - As the spiritual realm of humanity, freedom has always been an important subject of social research. Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<, from the perspective of psychology, he made his own interpretation of freedom. Positive freedom and negative freedom, as two different expressions of freedom, express different focuses in the pursuit of individual liberty. At the same time, the positive freedom advocated by Fromm and the comprehensive free development in the eyes of Marx have the distinction between idealism and materialism. This article is to explore the theme of freedom after reading >Escape from Freedom<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Qian T1 - Women’s Escape in Life – Interpretation of >Dear Life< from the Perspective of Fromm's View of Freedom [女性在生活中的逃离 – 弗洛姆自由观视域下的《亲爱的生活》解读], Master thesis, English Languange and Literature, Henan Normal University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 爱丽丝•门罗是加拿大女性作家,2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主。她终身致力于短篇小说创作,享有>我们的契科夫<的盛誉,是当代短篇小说大师。门罗最新的一部短篇小说集《亲爱的生活》于2012年出版,由十四篇故事组成,揭示了门罗关于成长,婚姻,爱情,疾病和死亡的永恒主题;这部小说一经发表就引起了广大评论界的关注;同时,它也是门罗力荐给读者的最后也是最好的一部作品。国内外许多学者以及文学评论家从多个不同角度评析爱丽丝•门罗的小说《亲爱的生活》。然而,大多数研究关注主题、文化、叙事艺术,女性主义、存在主义,比较文学及心理学等方面。门罗对女性生活日常的心理刻画细致入微,她笔下的女性人物在追寻着自由的同时又在逃避着自由;生活于她们而言是一场自由进行曲,这使得她们挣扎于个体自我、家庭和社会期望之间的矛盾需求。而弗洛姆的自由说中所蕴含的一些独特阐释又恰恰为这一研究提供了理论支持。本文借埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论试析《亲爱的生活》中五个故事里的女性。全文分为三个部分,引言、正文和结论;其中,正文本分由四个章节组成。引言介绍了爱丽丝•门罗和小说《亲爱的生活》,埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论,以及国内外对门罗的《亲爱的生活》的研究和评论,进而点明本文的研究意义:以弗洛姆的自由观中所涉及的>纽带<、>逃避<、>自发<为理论出发点,分析门罗的小说,揭示女性生活的实质。第一章是本文的理论基础。详细阐述了弗洛姆自由论的三个重要概念,>纽带<>逃避<与>自发<。在现代社会,个体为获得自由摆脱了曾赋予其生命以意义和安全的所有>纽带<,却又陷入了无能为力及孤立的状态。为了摆脱这种不安全的状态,个体开始竭力>逃避<自由,却被束缚在新纽带关系之中。但以牺牲个体自我为代价的新纽带并不能恢复他失掉的安全感。因此,这种>逃避<又给人套上了新的枷锁。而>自发<以不压抑自我、不割裂理性与本性为前提,能够帮助个体获得真实自我并依照其自由意志进行活动,使其重新找回安全感,实现真正意义上的自由。第二章从>纽带<的双重含义来具体分析女性在生活中所面临的困境。女性在不同的人生阶段扮演着多重角色,相应的也承受着多重的困境;而>纽带<,作为女性与家庭和社会联系的节点,在给予女性安全感的同时,也限制了她们对自由和自我实现的追寻;因此,女性徘徊于自我需求,家庭责任和社会期待的矛盾边缘,而她们的追寻也被现实生活中的日常琐碎日渐湮没,并逐渐在家庭与社会生活中变得无力与孤独。因此,>纽带<又成为了她们追求自由与自我实现的一种束缚与枷锁。第三章以>逃避<的深层次概念来关注女性在生活中的心理历程。自由所带来的孤独与无力感迫使女性个体在逃离束缚后开始寻求新的>纽带<关系。以感性占据统治地位的女性以爱之名屈从于外在男性权威,致使她们在生活中为了寻求丢失的安全感而牺牲掉一部分的自我。而内在权威又假借责任和良心之名无形地制约着女性,迫使她们在生活中放弃自我需求,回归理性。无论是感性占据抑或是理性占据,都是一种割裂自我,压抑自我的>逃避<,因此,新的>纽带<是暂时的,脆弱的。第四章从>自发<的概念进一步阐释了女性在生活中屡屡失败的根本原因及出路。女性>逃避<到新的>纽带<关系中注定是失败的,生活中的意外与悲剧便是最好的见证;女性对权威的依附其实是对安全感和权利的依附,而这种以牺牲部分或全部自我为代价的>逃避<是不牢固的,一旦时机成熟便会再次唤醒女性对内在自我的追寻;因此,自发性的缺失是导致失败的根本原因;唯有在实现自我的完整性的基础上,女性才能在寻求自由与幸福的同时与他人建立起平等独立的关系。基于以上的讨论和分析,结论部分指出门罗所塑造的女性人物在不同的人生阶段面临着不同的生存困境,表面上看似幸福的生活背后隐藏的是无尽的孤独与无力感。面对社会与家庭的双重压力,女性游走于社会或家庭需求与自我需求的矛盾边缘,不论是被动的屈服或主动地尝试,在现实生活中,她们仍然会与意外与悲剧不期而遇。尽管,这种生存困境对于女性而言是一种普遍存在的现象,但她们对自由和幸福的追寻是永无止境的。而且,她们终将通过自发性的活动找到生活的意义。 N2 - Alice Munro, a Canadian female writer, was the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. She devotes all her life to the creation of short stories, known as >our Chekov<, and she is considered as a master of contemporary short stories. Munro’s latest collection of short stories >Dear Life< was published in 2012, which consists of 14 stories that reveal Munro’s eternal themes of growth, marriage, love, disease and death. It has attracted the attention of a wide range of critics once it was published; at the same time, it is also the last and the best work that Munro recommends to readers. Many scholars and critics at home and abroad have analyzed Alice Munro’s novel >Dear Life< from various perspectives. However, most studies focus on themes, culture, narrative arts, feminism, existentialism, comparative literature and psychology and etc. Munro’s psychological portrayal of women’s daily life is meticulous, and female characters in her novel are escaping from freedom while pursuing freedom; and life for them is the march of freedom, which makes them struggle with the contradictory demands among their individual selves, family and social expectations. And some of the unique interpretations contained in Fromm’s theory of freedom provide theoretical support for this research. This thesis tries to analyze the female characters of five stories in >Dear Life< from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom. It is divided into three parts, including introduction, body and conclusion, of which the body part is composed of four chapters. The first part introduces Alice Munro and >Dear Life<, Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom, as well as researches and comments on Munro’s Dear Life at home and abroad, and then points out the research significance of this thesis. And the paper takes the >bond<, >escape< and >spontaneity< involved in Fromm’s view of freedom as the theoretical starting points to analyze Munro’s novel and reveal the essence of women’s life. Chapter one is the theoretical basis of this thesis, which expounds three main concepts of Fromm’s theory of freedom in detail, such as >bond<, >escape< and >spontaneity<. The individual in modern society gets rid of all the >bonds< that once gave meaning and security to life and gains freedom but again falls into the state of powerlessness and isolation. In order to get rid of this state of insecurity, the individual strives to >escape< from freedom but is driven into a new bond. But this bond, at the expense of sacrificing the individual self, would not restore his lost security. Therefore, this >escape< from freedom makes the individual trap into a new bondage. However, based on the premise of without suppressing oneself or splitting reason and nature, >spontaneity< can help the individual obtain the real self and behave by his free will, which makes him regain security and realize the true sense of freedom. Chapter two illustrates women’s dilemmas in life from the dual meaning of >bond<. Women play multiple roles at different stages of life, and correspondingly suffer from multiple dilemmas. However, >bond<, as a node connecting women with family and society, not only gives them a sense of security but also limits their pursuit of freedom and self-realization. Therefore, women linger on the brink of contradiction among their individual demands and family responsibilities and social expectations, and their pursuit seems to be annihilated by daily trivialities in actual life, and gradually become powerless and isolated in family and social life. Thus, the >bond< again becomes a kind of bondage and yoke which gets in the way of their pursuit of freedom and self-realization. Chapter three focuses on the deep concept of >escape< to pay attention to women’s psychological process in life. The state of isolation and powerlessness brought about by freedom forces women to begin to seek the new >bond< relationship after escaping from bondage. Women dominated by sensibilities succumb to external male authority in the name of love, which make them sacrifice parts of their individual selves in life to find the lost sense of security. But the internal authority again restricts women intangibly in the name of responsibility and conscience, forcing them to give up their individual demands and come to their senses in life. Whether woman’s emotional occupation or rational occupation, it is a kind of >escape< that separates oneself and suppresses oneself, therefore, the new >bond< is temporary and fragile. Chapter four further explains the fundamental cause and the way out of women’s successive failures in life through the concept of >spontaneity<. It is doomed to fail for woman to >escape< to the new >bond< relationship, and the accident and tragedy in life are good evidences. And their attachment to authority is actually a dependency on the power and security, and the >escape< at the expense of sacrificing parts or all of the self is fragile. Once the time is ripe, they will be awakened again to pursue their inner selves. Therefore, the absence of spontaneity is the fundamental cause of failure. Only on the premise of the realization of self-integrity, can women build the equal and independent >bonds< with others while seeking freedom and happiness. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the conclusion part points out that the female characters created by Munro are confronted with different predicaments at different stages of life, and endless isolation and powerlessness hide behind the seeming happiness in life. Being confronted with the double pressure from society and family, women struggle on the edge of the contradiction between social or family demands and individual self’s demand. No matter the passive submission or the active attempt, woman still meet with accidents and tragedies unexpectedly in actual life. Although these plights of survival are the universal phenomena for women, their pursuit of freedom and happiness is endless. And they will eventually find the meaning of life through spontaneous activities. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Qiuting T1 - Study on the Humanization Governance of Alienation of Micro-Communication Technologies [微通讯技术异化的人道化治理研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 2019. N2 - 当今社会,技术发展迅猛。以微信、微博、TWITTER等为代表的微通讯技术,在为人类带来丰富的信息与便捷的生活的同时,也在逐渐脱离人的掌控,背离技术最初的目的,变成人类发展相对立的异己力量。一方面,社会的发展需要技术的进步,因而绝不能一味地反对微通讯技术的发展,忽视其积极作用。另一方面,也要清醒地认识到其负面作用,正确地认识微通讯技术异化,把握微通讯技术的本质,通过思想上重视人的本质,技术活动中实际强调人的本质的实现,以求达到人、微通讯技术与自然的和谐发展。对微通讯技术异化人道化治理的探索不仅对促进微通讯技术的更好发展有着重要意义,对我们今天面临的普遍的科技异化现象的缓解和解决有着深刻的参考价值,同时也为我国未来的科学技术发展和现代化建设提供参照。首先对文中的重要概念进行界定,阐述本文的理论依据,包括马克思人的本质理论、马尔库塞异化理论与弗洛姆的技术人道化理论,表明技术人道化是逐渐消解技术异化的作用,关注人的本质与创造力的实现,使技术社会回到人类的控制之下。以移动互联技术时代的代表微通讯技术为对象进行研究,其发展现状是拥有庞大的用户群体、提供丰富的功能、影响力深入人们生活的方方面面,成为人的生存方式。从二重论述微通讯技术对人的影响。微通讯技术的正面效应包括使人可在虚拟空间中进行人际交往、可即时获取海量信息、更易进行个性化的展现与表达、对公共事务的参与感与干预力加强。微通讯技术的负面效应包括造成人的严重的碎片化现象、不同程度的微通讯依赖,给人带来隐私危机和安全威胁、虚假不良信息泛滥等。当微通讯技术违背了人的目的,脱离了人的控制,并导致人的价值与自由的失去时,微通讯技术对人产生了异化。分析微通讯技术异化的表现,主要包括思维异化、社交异化、审美异化、消费异化、休闲异化。探究微通讯技术异化的原因,提出微通讯技术异化具有技术性的原因、主体性的原因和社会性的原因。对微通讯技术异化的治理应该从单一的社会治理向人道化治理发展,首先从思想上治理,以人为先,强调技术活动中要时刻体现人的本质以及技术为人的目的。提出微通讯技术异化人道化治理这一主张并阐述其基本思想,以人性引导和规约技术发展,关注人的生命质量,维护人的自由本质。探索微通讯技术异化人道化治理的主要途径,从技术性、主体性、社会性三方面提出具体的措施,以求实现技术的人性化、人文化、人道化发展。将人道化治理思想用于广泛的技术领域,可以推动技术真正成为人的技术,促进人的自由而全面的发展。 N2 - In today’s society, technology is developing rapidly. The micro-communication technology represented by Weixin, Weibo and TWITTER, while bringing abundant information and convenient life to human beings, is gradually divorcing from human control, deviating from the original purpose of technology, and becoming an alien force opposed to human development. On the one hand, social development needs technological progress, so we must not blindly oppose the development of micro-communication technology and ignore its positive role. On the other hand, we should be aware of its negative effects, correctly understand the alienation of micro-communication technology, grasp the essence of micro-communication technology, attach importance to the essence of human beings ideologically, and actually emphasize the realization of human nature in technological activities in order to achieve the harmonious development of human, micro-communication technology and nature. The exploration of the humanized governance of the alienation of micro-communication technology is not only of great significance to promote the better development of micro communication technology, but also of profound reference value to alleviate and solve the widespread phenomenon of the alienation of science and technology which we are facing today, as well as to provide reference for the future development of science and technology and modernization construction in China. Firstly, this paper defines the important concepts and elaborates the theoretical basis of this paper, including Marx’s theory of human nature and Fromm’s theory of technological humanization. It shows that technological humanization is the gradual elimination of the role of technological alienation, awakening people’s own rational consciousness, making people get rid of the blind worship and excessive dependence on technology as soon as possible, restoring people’s subjective initiative and creativity, and making technology. The academic society is under the control of human beings. This paper studies the representative micro-communication technology in the era of mobile interconnection technology. Its development status is that it has a huge user group, provides rich functions and influences in all aspects of people’s lives, and becomes a way of life. This paper discusses the influence of micro-communication technology on human beings from two aspects. The positive effects of micro communication technology include making it possible for people to communicate in virtual space, accessing massive information instantly, showing and expressing individually more easily, and strengthening the sense of participation and intervention in public affairs. The negative effects of micro-communication technology include the serious fragmentation of human beings, the dependence on micro-communication in different degrees, the privacy crisis and security threat to human beings, and the flood of false and bad information. When micro-communication technology violates human’s purpose, breaks away from human’s control, and leads to the loss of human’s value and freedom, micro-communication technology has alienated people. This paper analyses the manifestations of the alienation of micro communication technology, including thinking alienation, social alienation, aesthetic alienation, consumption alienation and leisure alienation. This paper explores the reasons for the alienation of micro-communication technology, and puts forward the technical, subjective and social reasons for the alienation of micro-communication technology. The governance of the alienation of micro-communication technology should develop from a single social governance to a humane governance. Firstly, it should be ideologically governed and people-oriented, emphasizing that the essence of human beings and the purpose of technology for human beings should always be embodied in technological activities. This paper puts forward the idea of alienation and humane governance of micro-communication technology and expounds its basic idea. It guides and regulates technological development with humanity, pays attention to the quality of human life and safeguards the nature of human freedom. This paper explores the main ways of the alienation and humanization of micro-communication technology, and puts forward concrete measures from three aspects of technology, subjectivity and sociality in order to realize the humanization, humanization and humanization of technology. The application of humanized governance thought in a wide range of technical fields can promote technology to become human technology and promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, W. G. A1 - Unterrainer, Christina A1 - Hoege, Thomas T1 - Psychological Research on Organisational Democracy: A Meta-Analysis of Individual, Organisational, and Societal Outcomes JF - Applied Psychology: An International Review, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019, pp. 1-63. doi: 10.1111/apps.12205 N2 - Our meta-analytic review investigates how employee participation in democratic enterprises is related to psychological outcomes. We gathered 60 studies through a systematic literature search of quantitative field studies (published between January 1970 and May 2017) and extracted 138 effect sizes related to three indicators of organisational democracy (OD) and 15 psychological outcomes. The overall findings suggest that employees’ individually perceived participation in organisational decision making (IPD) had a stronger relation to job satisfaction (ρ = .25), job involvement/work motivation (ρ = .36), prosocial work behaviours (ρ = .24), civic and democratic behaviours (ρ = .21) and perceived supportive climate (ρ = .44) than the other two OD indicators: structurally anchored employee participation (SAEP) and employee participation in collective ownership (EO). This was not the case for valuebased commitment: the relations of SAEP (ρ = .40), EO (ρ = .34), and IPD (ρ = .46) with commitment were nearly equal. Mediation analyses indicated that IPD partially mediated most of the effects of SAEP and EO on the outcomes mentioned. The cross-sectional database and a small number of studies for some of the outcomes are the main limitations of this study. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wei, Wen T1 - A Reading of >The Great Gatsby< in Light of Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [《了不起的盖茨比》的人道主义伦理解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Wuyi University (Social Sciences Edition) [邑大学学报(社会科学版), No. 1 (2019), pp. 42-45, 94.Wen N2 - 俯瞰尘世的医生眼睛是《了不起的盖茨比》的中心意象,它暗含着菲茨杰拉德对美国消费社会时代病症的诊断。以弗洛姆的人道主义伦理理论分析,消费社会的病症体现在三方面:人异化成商品;爱表现为占有和束缚;病态社会造成人的疯狂和堕落。盖茨比的了不起在于他超越了病态的爱欲表达,坚持对梦想的追求。菲茨杰拉德通过塑造盖茨比这个人物,批判美国消费社会下人性荒漠的现实,表达对美好人性的乐观期望。 N2 - In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the imagery of a pair of doctor’s eyes overlooking the dusty world, which implies a diagnosis of the Jazz Age of America. This paper analyzes the characters in the novel according to the three criteria proposed by Erich Fromm of judging the sanity of a society: the independence of the individual, the expression of love by and the creativity of the individual. We find that the text expresses an optimistic expectation of the future society while criticizing the alienation of human beings in the commercial society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vajda, Mihály A1 - Smitmans-Vajda, Barbara T1 - Erinnerungen an Ágnes Heller JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 141-168. Y1 - 2019 ER -