TY - JOUR A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Descendants of terror JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 008-011. N2 - The aim of this paper is to approach transgenerational transmission aspects of the traumatic experience of terror in the large social group. The author makes use of the notion of chosen trauma, coined by Vamik Volkan, which shows how specific mental representations of a traumatizing historical event, shared by the large group, can be transmitted to descendants and eventually used by them as a linking factor of their large group. The above issues, along with the importance of reversal of helplessness and of inability to mourn, are discussed; relevant clinical material focusing on the interplay between large-group and individual transmission is presented. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - The large group: dynamics and passions JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 069-070. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Aesthetic models of the psyche T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 001-002. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Keke T1 - A Study of Psychological Alienation in >Endgame< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Youth Years [青春岁月], No. 11 (2019), p. 7. N2 - >Endgame<, the masterpiece of Samuel Beckett, a most difficult and elusive play, is such a creative work, representing the postwar social spirit. Psychological alienation is obvious in the play, since anti-hero figures, broken language, bare stage and simple actions are largely employed to prove the psychological alienation of the characters in the play. This thesis is based on Erich Fromm’s psychological alienation theory from three aspects: >Authoritarianism, destructiveness, acceptance and exploitation< (Fromm: Escape from Freedom, 24) to explore the main characters Hamm and Clov’s psychological alienation in the hopeless society. And people’s inner world is alienated, lonely and empty after World War II. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Lidan T1 - Fromm's Theory of Consumption Alienation [弗洛姆的消费异化理论] JF - Journal of Harbin Vocational & Technical College [哈尔滨职业技术学院学报], No. 6 (2019), pp. 120-122. N2 - 弗洛姆的消费异化理论是弗洛姆异化思想的重要组成部分,是基于马克思早期的>劳动异化<理论。他认为异化现象不仅限于生产领域,而且在消费领域也有明显的表现。在历史背景下,弗洛姆在其著作中关注消费异化并详尽描述了这种现象,指出现代资本主义社会实际上是一个异化的消费社会。目前,随着中国经济的不断发展,中国也出现了消费异化现象,有关学者也对消费异化理论进行了研究。全面且深刻的研究有利于为国民形成良好的消费观念和习惯提供参考,以便为我国全面建成小康社会助力。 N2 - Fromm's theory of consumption alienation is an important part of Fromm's alienation thought, which is based on Marx's early theory of >labor alienation<. He believes that the phenomenon of alienation is not limited to the field of production, but also has obvious performance in the field of consumption. In the historical context, Fromm paid attention to the alienation of consumption in his works and described this phenomenon in detail, pointing out that modern capitalist society is actually an alienated consumer society. At present, with the continuous development of China's economy, the phenomenon of consumption alienation has also appeared in China, and related scholars have also studied the theory of consumption alienation. Comprehensive and in-depth research is helpful to provide a reference for citizens to form a good consumption concept and habits, so as to help China build a well-off society in an all-round way. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Wanyu T1 - Escaping Freedom—The Alienation of Modern Society [逃避自由——现代社会的异化状态] JF - Youth Literator 青年文学家, No. 33 (2019), p. 191 N2 - 现代文明的发展却导致了自由的困境,个体成为大型社会机制的一部分,人逐渐变得被动、异化、迷失,产生逃避自由和成为物的意图。弗洛姆融合了精神分析与马克思主义的存在主义倾向,认识到人类追求自由与逃避自由的两种心理机制,最终探讨积极自由的建立,即人要通过爱与劳动中与世界相连接,去表达自我的思想与情感。 N2 - The development of modern civilization has led to the predicament of freedom. Individuals become part of large social mechanisms, and people gradually become passive, alienated, and lost, with the intention of escaping freedom and becoming things. Fromm fuses psychoanalytic and Marxist existential tendencies, recognizes the two psychological mechanisms of human pursuit of freedom and escapes from freedom, and finally explores the establishment of positive freedom, that is, people must connect with the world through love and labor, and go express your thoughts and emotions. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Wei T1 - Fromm’s Theory of >Productive Personality< and Its Contemporary Moral Education Value [弗洛姆>生产性人格<理论及其当代德育价值研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2019. N2 - 以>立德树人<为旨归的道德教育必然需要关注学生完善人格的最终形成, 然而, 什么是完善人格, 如何培育完善人格, 完善人格养成的内在机制是什么, 对于这些问题的解答一直是道德教育理论研究的难题, 而对这些问题进行深入研究对于解决当前我国青少年道德发展过程中所出现的知行不一的状况也具重要的实践意义。当代西方马克思主义理论重要的代表学者, 人本主义学家埃里希·弗洛姆(1900—1980)在其庞大精深的人道主义伦理学体系中, 对人格表现出极大关注, 主张在对人性、人的本质和人的境遇充分认识的基础上通过塑造一种生产性人格, 进而实现人的道德完善, 这为解决当前我国德育困境提供了可借鉴的思想资源。本文以弗洛姆生产性人格培育为视角, 着重探究其生产性人格理论中所蕴含的丰富伦理观和德育方法论, 以期为当前我国道德教育的理论与实践提供启示。首先, 在对弗洛姆生产性人格理论产生的时代背景、思想来源和理论前提进行论述的基础上, 本文论证了人格在弗洛姆人道主义伦理学中的中心地位, 进而对生产性人格的内涵及其理论意义进行了解读, 也直接论证了生产性人格培育的必要性。其次, 本文进一步探究了弗洛姆生产性人格的培育路径。提出生产性人格的培育依赖于人的自发性行动和健全社会的建构。生产性人格的形成需要理性认知、生产性的爱、理性信仰和人道主义良心这些内在力量相互作用以推动道德行动, 最终使人达到真正的幸福状态。生产性人格的培育倡导道德教育回归道德主体, 回归生活艺术, 回归道德实践和存在式教育方式。最后, 本文认为, 弗洛姆生产性人格理论有助于促进学生的道德发展和完善人格的塑造, 它也启示当前的道德教育应回归道德主体, 促进人的自由全面发展;应进一步夯实道德心理学的基础, 促进道德知情意行的统一;应回归现实生活, 关注生活艺术的培育;还要反对占有式教育, 倡导启发式教学。 N2 - The moral education aiming at >building morality and cultivating people< must pay attention to the final formation of students’ perfect personality. However, what is perfect personality, how to cultivate perfect personality, and what is the internal mechanism of personality formation? The solution to these problems has always been a difficult problem in the theoretical research of moral education, and the in-depth study of these problems is a way to solve the current youth morality in China. In the course of the development of morality, the situation of inconsistency between knowledge and practice is also of great practical significance. Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980), an important representative scholar of contemporary Western Marxist theory, showed great concern for personality in his vast and profound humanistic ethics system. He advocated that the moral perfection of human beings should be achieved by creating a productive personality on the basis of a full understanding of human nature, human nature and human circumstances. Solving the current dilemma of moral education in China provides ideological resources for reference. From the perspective of Fromm’s cultivation of productive personality, this paper focuses on exploring the rich ethics and moral education methodology contained in his theory of productive personality, with a view to providing inspiration for the current theory and practice of moral education in China. Firstly, on the basis of discussing the background, ideological source and theoretical premise of Fromm’s productive personality theory, this paper demonstrates the central position of personality in Fromm’s humanistic ethics, and then deeply interprets the connotation and theoretical significance of productive personality, and directly demonstrates the necessity of cultivating productive personality. Secondly, this paper further explores the cultivation path of Fromm’s productive personality. It is proposed that the cultivation of productive personality depends on human spontaneous action and the construction of a sound society. The formation of productive personality requires the interaction of rational cognition, productive love, rational belief and humanitarian conscience to promote moral action and ultimately to achieve real happiness. The cultivation of productive personality advocates that moral education return to moral subject, life art, moral practice and existential education. Finally, this paper holds that Fromm’s theory of productive personality helps to promote students’ moral development and perfect the shaping of personality. It also enlightens the current moral education to return to the moral subject and promote the free and all-round development of human beings. It should further consolidate the basis of moral psychology and promote the unity of moral knowledge and action, return to real life and pay attention to the cultivation of the art of life. Oppose possessive education and advocate heuristic teaching. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Xiu T1 - On the Alienation and Regression of Human Nature in >The Club< [论《俱乐部》中人性的异化与回归], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 戴维•威廉森是当代澳大利亚最著名的剧作家, 拥有最多的观众。他创作的《俱乐部》是一部影响深远的讽刺性戏剧, 该剧讲述了发生在20世纪70年代墨尔本一个足球俱乐部中的故事。剧中每个人为了自身的利益不择手段, 管理者与球员之间勾心斗角、相互构陷。该剧反映了人自私自利、金钱至上的观念, 以及人与人之间冷漠、相互利用的关系, 揭露了当代澳大利亚社会中的人性异化现象。本文运用弗洛姆的人性异化理论论述了《俱乐部》中的人性异化现象。该剧中人物的异化表现在人自身的异化和人与人之间关系的异化这两个方面, 人自身的异化主要表现在权欲的奴隶、情欲的魔鬼和物欲的过分依赖三个方面;人与人之间的异化则表现在男女关系的异化和男性同事之间关系的异化。此外, 笔者从外在和内在分析人性异化产生的内外因。外因指社会原因, 包括金钱至上的观念和男权至上的观念;而内在原因指的是弗洛姆提出的存在矛盾。最后, 人性的回归在部分人物上也有所体现, 让读者看到了光明与希望。 N2 - David Williamson is the most famous contemporary Australian playwright and has the largest audience. His play >The Club< is a far-reaching satirical play, which tells a story of a football club in Melbourne in the 1970s. Everyone in the play tries all means to gain profits. There are full of infightings and conspiracies between the administrators and players. The play reflects people’s selfishness and people’s concept of money worship, and the indifference and mutually beneficial relationships between people, revealing the alienation of human nature in contemporary Australian society. This thesis discusses the alienation of human nature in >The Club< by using Erich Fromm’s alienation theory of human nature. In the play, the alienation of characters is reflected in the alienation of human himself and the alienation between man and the others. The alienation of human itself is mainly manifested in the slaves of power, the devil of lust, and the overdependence on material things. While the alienation between man and man is manifested in the alienation of male and female relations and the alienation of male colleagues. In addition, the causes of the alienation of human nature are analyzed from the external and internal perspectives. External causes refer to social causes, including the concept of materialism and the concept of male chauvinism, while internal cause refer to existential contradiction put forward by Fromm. Finally, the regression of human nature is reflected in some characters, so that readers can see the light and hope. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loiacono, Anna Maria T1 - Terrorism and the practice of angst JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 003-007. N2 - Following in Hannah Arendt’s steps, this paper addresses the author’s definition of terrorism mostly from a psychoanalytical point of view and focuses further on the clinical implications related to the different thoughts on terrorism of a number of psychoanalysts. Some clinical vignettes, from individual as well as group psychotherapy, show how deep the reverberation of our way of thinking about terrorism can be in our work as psychoanalysts, particularly in regard to the integration of the destructive aspects of the personality and of the Self, and above all in cases with a history of traumatic attachment. Indeed, the psychoanalyst can actually remain embedded inside the patient's dissociative dynamics, and the treatment can fall into a painful impasse, allowing mutilated, torn, dead, and dissociated aspects to be left outside the conscious and the Self. The result of this kind of situation is a stiffening of the personality and a mortification of the whole Self. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenzen, Sünje A1 - Vöpel, Henning T1 - Schumpeter 4.0. Unternehmungsgeist und wirtschaftlicher Fortschritt im digitalen Zeitalter. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mori, Shigeyuki T1 - The Japanese contribution to violence in the world: The kamikaze attacks in World War II JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 040-046. N2 - The author attempts to understand the kamikaze attacks during World War II as a phenomenon that crossed a border into the systemic use of suicide attacks. The author first presents two historical precursors before World War II: the Seinan (Southwest) War in 1877; and an event in 1932 known as the Three Suicide-Bombing Heroes. To examine the process leading to kamikaze, the author offers two examples: a scene in which a suicide attack was proposed to pilots; and a story of a general, Oenishi, who has been identified as a person responsible for the campaign. In the discussion, the author employs psychoanalytic arguments on chosen trauma and apocalyptic order to see kamikaze as sharing a common psychology with other warfare. He then focuses on the previous debate over the normality of suicide attackers and argues for the importance of finding a role for positive value in the psychological processes. He concludes that kamikaze was realized through multiple mechanisms and ended up crossing the border to unconventional attack. He closes the paper by suggesting we should make efforts to keep the positive feedback in response to suicide attacks under a certain threshold in order to avoid reinforcing the spiral. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Movahedi, Siamak A1 - Moshtagh, Nahaleh T1 - Persian tales on the couch: Notes on folktales as the mirror of the contemporary cultural struggles with gender and sexuality JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 115-124. N2 - This paper presents a report on our psychoanalytic investigation of cultural folktales, myths, and fables, in which we study, primarily, the extent to which such narratives lurk behind contemporary representations of men and women. Our aim is to identify the multiple narrative structures that form the core plots and storylines of these tales. Following Roland Barthes’ work on mythologies, we want to decode the tales’ ideological components by deciphering the axiomatic assumptions these tales make about the nature of perceived social reality. This represents an attempt to study a mind that is derived from the text. More specifically, we study narratives whose storylines revolve around the struggle between men and women in order to identify the culture’s core concerns about and preoccupations with the relationship between the sexes. We believe that cultural myths or folktales are a royal road to a nation’s collective conscience, and include gendered patterns of defenses, obsessions, fears, and paranoia. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ingo T1 - Die zwei Krisen der Verfassungsrechtsprechung JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 65-80. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pang, Yaodan T1 - On the Psychological Mechanism of Modern People's Evasion of Freedom—Analysis of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [浅谈现代人逃避自由的心理机制—从弗洛姆>逃避自由<入手分析] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 7 (2019), pp. 230, 229. N2 - 人类对自由的渴望是与生俱来的。古今中外,自由这个话题从来未曾退出过历史舞台。但是现代人由于异化的心理机制,开始选择逃避责任,放弃自由。本文从分析弗洛姆的逃避自由的心理机制入手,浅谈现代人逃避自由的内在心理机制。 N2 - Human desire for freedom is innate. In ancient and modern China and abroad, the topic of freedom has never withdrawn from the historical arena. However, due to the psychological mechanism of alienation, modern people began to choose to evade responsibility and give up freedom. This paper begins with an analysis of Fromm's psychological mechanism of escaping freedom, and discusses the inner psychological mechanism of modern people's escape from freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Maria, Fabio T1 - Fromm and Horkheimer. On the fundamentals of critical theory’s anthropology JF - Bajo Palabra, II Epoca, Brasil, No. 21, pp. 59-80. N2 - Erich Fromm was central to the Frankfurt Institute of Social Research under the direction of Max Horkheimer, but the works of each author, while handling at times similar issues, took different paths. The article’s aim is to analyze how Horkheimer’s anthropology, which would be of importance in Dialectic of Enlightenment, was built as the author embodied in his essays elements of Fromm’s social psychology, albeit overcoming some of its limitations, as well as suggesting new potentials of critique. N2 - Erich Fromm fue fundamental para el Instituto de Investigación Social de Frankfurt dirigido por Max Horkheimer, pero las obras de cada autor, mientras que a veces se enfrentaban a problemas similares, siguieron caminos diferentes. El objetivo del artículo es analizar cómo la antropología de Horkheimer, importante en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración, se construyó cuando el autor incorporaba elementos de la psicología social de Fromm, aunque superaba sus limitaciones y sugería nuevos potenciales de crítica. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Di Blasi, Johanna A1 - Kluge, Alexander T1 - Achtung vor Robotern. Über die soziale Intelligenz der Maschinen und Goethes Homunculus, der klüger ist als der Mensch T2 - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 97-100. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durkin, Kieran T1 - Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno Reconsidered: A Case Study in Intellectual History JF - New German Critique 136, Vol. 46, No. 1, February 2019, pp. 103-126. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonomi, Carlo T1 - Review Jonathan Sklar: Dark times. Psychoanalytic perspectives on politics, history and mourning JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 245-246. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, Fergal T1 - An extract of the analysis of the Monkey Puzzle Boy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 212-221. N2 - A client who wants his story to be made into a case history presents for psychoanalysis. An artist all his adult life, he expresses his sexual trauma through his art. His more recent artistic output is in the form of avant-garde video montages. The analysis stalls, becalmed by a failure to understand a circumcision event, a punishment for sexual expression. If Ferenczi and the Budapest school model learning from therapeutic errors, freedom of thought, sincerity, and experimentation, then this case history illustrates those. Real sexual trauma and a real circumcision event are entangled with fantasy and art in attempts to come to terms with them. The circumcision event was better understood with multiple readings of Carlo Bonomi’s work, which became part of the analysis. The wider Ferenczi community also became part of the story of the analysis, and in a kind of mutuality the analysis wants to make a contribution to that body of knowledge. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braune, Joan T1 - Void and Idol: A Critical Theory Analysis of the Neo-fascist >Alt-Right< JF - Journal of Hate Studies, Vol. 15 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 11–37. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Buechler, Sandra T1 - Psychoanalytic Approaches to Problems in Living. Addressing Life's Challenges in Clinical Practice, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, 218 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Ying T1 - The Enlightenment of Fromm's Theory on Emotional Education of College Art Students [弗洛姆理论对高校艺术类学生情感教育的启示] JF - New West [新西部], No. 9 (2019), pp. 142-143. N2 - 文章阐述了弗洛姆爱的艺术理论的核心,分析了高校艺术类学生在爱的实践中呈现出的特征。论述了弗洛姆爱的艺术理论对艺术类学生情感教育的启示:帮助学生正确认识爱的本质,引导学生建立和谐情感关系,培养学生爱的实践能力。 N2 - The article expounds the core of Fromm's art theory of love, and analyzes the characteristics of college art students in the practice of love. The enlightenment of Fromm's art theory on the emotional education of art students: help students to correctly understand the nature of love, guide students to establish a harmonious emotional relationship, and cultivate students' practical ability in love. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Celenza, Andrea T1 - From relation to the field: Modes of unconscious fantasy elaborations JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 203-211. N2 - Relational and field theories have much in common, despite divergent foundations. In this paper, several areas of divergence are selected, including the structure of the field as a relational matrix or as an unconscious joint fantasy of the couple; the fate and form of insight; and the nature of the unconscious as relational or ubiquitous. Differences in cognitive and attentional sets are identified and linked to different modes of insight. Using a clinical vignette, these divergences will be illustrated with an attempt to compare and contrast the two approaches through a discussion of how each lens highlights, expands, or forecloses different features of the analytic process. A mode of conceiving the unconscious as unstructured and multiple in potential is offered to reconcile divergent assumptions in therapeutic action. A consideration of Sandor Ferenczi’s clinical emphasis on relaxed technique, elasticity, and especially mutuality suggests that he would have been a field theorist were he among us today. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Lunjun T1 - >Escape from Freedom<: The Example of the Relationship between Self and Group [>逃避自由<:自我与群体关系的窠臼] JF - Home Drama [戏剧之家], No. 32 (2019), pp. 225-226. N2 - 在漫长的人类发展进程中,追求自由是个体成长发育的内在需求,相伴而生的自我与群体之关系却成为纠缠在人身上的隐形枷锁。由于在这一问题上所做出的独到而精妙的探讨,著名社会学大师艾里希·弗洛姆(Erich·Fromm)的名作《逃避自由》一经问世便引起巨大反响,他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析和马克思主义的社会批评方法,对现代西方社会群体心理进行分析,发现人在追求自由的同时,也在极力>逃避自由<使>自我<从>群体<中消解,以此获得自我在群体中的安全感;在他看来,只有自发性的爱与创造性劳动才是自由生长的坦途,才是自我和群体真正的和解方式 N2 - In the long process of human development, the pursuit of freedom is an inherent requirement of individual growth and development, but the accompanying relationship between self and the group has become an invisible shackle entangled with people. Because of the unique and subtle discussion on this issue, the famous sociology master Erich Fromm's masterpiece >Escape from Freedom has aroused a huge response once it came out. He combined Freudian moral’ psychoanalysis and Marxist social criticism methods to analyze the psychology of modern western social groups and find that while people are pursuing freedom, they are also trying their best to >escape freedom< to dispel >self< from >groupEscape from Freedom< [追求自由与逃避自由—对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的思考] JF - Yangtze River Series [长江丛刊], No. 6 (2019), p. 166-167. N2 - 弗洛姆在其《逃避自由》一书中认为>逃避自由<表现了人类普遍的病态心理,造成了病态的社会,而且贯穿了当代资本主义的整个进程。他想要表达的主题是:逃避孤独,放弃自由。他认为孤独和自由是一对双生胎儿,逃避孤独和追求自由一样,都深深的植于人的本性中。当二者发生冲突时,人们启动了逃避心理机制,逃避孤独的同时也放弃了自由。但这种逃避在理论上是行不通的,实践也证明这种逃避不仅是失败,更是一种灾难。通过学习弗洛姆在社会微观层面上的心理学分析与马克思在社会宏观层面上的社会批判及建构之间找到寻找自由的契合点,不仅能够加强我们对马克思自由观的科学性的认识,也能增强我们对整个人类自由解放的信心,力求树立正确的自由观,实现人的全面发展。 N2 - In his book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm argues that >escape from freedom< is the expression of a general human pathology that has created a pathological society and permeates the entire process of contemporary capitalism. The theme he wants to express is: to escape from loneliness and give up freedom. He believes that loneliness and freedom are twin fetuses, and that escaping from loneliness and pursuing freedom are both deeply rooted in human nature. When there is a conflict between the two, people start the psychological mechanism of escape, escaping from loneliness and giving up freedom at the same time. But this kind of escape does not work theoretically, and practice also proves that it is not only a failure but also a disaster. Through studying the psychological analysis on the micro level of society by Fromm and the social criticism and construction on the macro level of society by Marx, we can find a point of convergence in the search for freedom, which can not only strengthen our understanding of the scientificity of Marx's concept of freedom, but also enhance our confidence in the liberation of the whole human race, and strive to establish a correct concept of freedom and realize the all-round development of human beings. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Chen T1 - On Fromm's Escape Mechanisms – The movie >The Wave< [试论弗洛姆的逃避机制—关于电影《浪潮》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation 文化创新比较研究, No. 5 (2019), pp. 58-59. N2 - 面对自由,人们表现出孤独和寂寞,并主要通过三种方式逃避自由。从电影《浪潮》出发,通过分析当代人采取这些逃避机制的原因,帮助我们更好地理解弗洛姆的思想。 N2 - When confronted with freedom, people express loneliness and isolation, and escape from freedom in three main ways. The film >The Wave< helps us to better understand Fromm's ideas by analyzing the reasons for these escape mechanisms in contemporary times. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaoxing A1 - Peng, Xiaodong T1 - On >Emotional Education< – From >Love between Parents and Children< [>情感教育<浅议——从《父母与孩子之间的爱》说起] JF - Middle School Chinese [中学语文], No. 30 (2019), pp. 101-102. N2 - 听过一堂公开课。一位老师讲解弗洛姆的《父母与孩子之间的爱》一文。在讲解完课文内容之后,老师布置了一项活动。关闭门窗,关闭灯光,配着音乐,老师声情并茂地朗诵了一篇歌颂父母之爱的散文。在倾听老师朗读的过程中,确有一些学生感动得热泪盈眶。读完后,老师请学生说说>你想对父母说些什么<,几个同学说完、老师简评之后,老师又播放了一首歌颂母爱的歌曲,在歌声中结束了教学……从老师设计的教学活动 … N2 - Listened to a public class. A teacher explains Fromm's >Love between Parents and Children<. After explaining the text, the teacher arranged an activity. Closing the doors and windows, turning off the lights, and accompanied by music, the teacher recited an essay in praise of his parents' love. While listening to the teacher reading aloud, some students were indeed moved to tears. After reading, the teacher asked the students to say >what do you want to say to your parents?< After a few classmates spoke and the teacher gave a short comment, the teacher played another song chanting mother love, and ended the teaching in the singing ... Teacher-designed teaching activities … Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cimino, Silvia A1 - et al., T1 - Musical rhythms in an infant observation: Harmonies, pauses, dissonances, and interruptions JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 155-164. N2 - The infant observation presented in this paper was conducted weekly for two years. Through an extensive use of clinical vignettes and personal and theoretical considerations, this article aims to highlight that both harmonies and pauses, as well as interruptions and dissonances, can be present in early interactive exchanges, forming the fabric of a relational piece of music that is not always as harmonious as might be desirable. The role of the father in moderating problematic interactions between the mother and her child is also examined. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Report on the XXth IFPS Forum >New faces of fear. Ongoing transformations in our society and in psychoanalytic practice,< October 17–20, 2018, Florence T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 067-068. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Childhood, attachment, separation, and trauma T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 125-126. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Ferenczi and Freud – From psychoanalysis as a >professional and personal home< to the creation of a >psychoanalytic home< for the patient1 JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 193-202. N2 - The author explores the relationship between Sándor Ferenczi and Sigmund Freud in the light of their correspondence. This allows us to see how Freud was able to offer and create for Ferenczi a >professional and personal home< that enabled the latter to find a much more meaningful and creative contact with himself. According to the author, this experience played an important role in Ferenczi’s later readiness to offer to and create with his patients a similar >psychoanalytic home.< As Freud was not able to share such clinical research work with Ferenczi, a conflict developed between them whose nature has occupied psychoanalysts ever since, and whose seeds can be found in the 1246 letters that they exchanged between January 1908 and May 1933. From this point of view, Ferenczi’s Clinical diary (written in 1932 and published only in 1985) can be seen as the continuation of the dialogue they had entertained for so many years, as well as Ferenczi’s attempt not to give up the “professional and personal home” that they had created together. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epstein, Barbara A1 - et al., T1 - The Rise, Decline and Possible Revival of Socialism Humanism [社会主义人道主义的崛起、式微与勃兴可能] JF - Research on Marxist Aesthetics [马克思主义美学研究], No. 1 (2019), pp. 226-274, 558. N2 - 社会主义人道主义是20世纪中后期兴起的一种国际马克思主义运动思潮及其知识分子国际群体。本文从社会主义人道主义的崛起、式微、勃兴三个历史阶段,归纳总结弗洛姆、汤姆森、杜娜叶夫斯卡娅、卢卡奇、梅洛-庞蒂、柯拉柯夫斯基、戈德曼等重要理论家对社会主义人道主义的理论贡献,从历史层面详细梳理社会主义人道主义在东欧、西欧以及英美社会的不同理论发展及其历史成因,从理论层面深入探讨社会主义人道主义的不同思想主题及其社会动因。 N2 - Socialist humanism, in form of international Marxist movement and intellectual groups,has been rising since the middle and late 20th century. This article, from three historical stages of its rising, declining, and reviving, presents a summary of main ideas and contributions of important theorists such as Fromm, Thompson, Dunayevskaya, Lukács, Merleau-Ponty, Kolakowski, Goldmann, examining at a historical level the different trajectories of socialist humanism in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Britain and America, and exploring their unique ideological motifs and social motivations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erbacher, Felix T1 - Review Leisinger, K., >Die Kunst der verantwortungsvollen Führung<. Warum CEOs lieben müssen JF - Basler Zeitung, 11. Februar 2019. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahrenbach, Helmut T1 - Philosophische Anthropologie. Die anthropologische Frage in der Philosophie Ernst Blochs JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 29-38. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falzeder, Ernst A1 - Erhart, Eva T1 - Freud–Ferenczi correspondence, revisited JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 189-192. N2 - The article gives an overview of what Freud and Ferenczi had to say in their correspondence about their own relationship, and how they dealt with problems that arose between them. It includes a list of short selected quotes from the correspondence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Junxia T1 - An Analysis of >Babbitt< from the Perspective of Consumption Ethics [消费伦理视角下《巴比特》的解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education [黑龙江教育学院学报], No. 5 (2019), pp. 116-118. N2 - 《巴比特》是美国著名作家辛克莱•刘易斯的代表作,小说通过对房地产商人巴比特的刻画,形象生动地向大众展示了20年代美国的消费主义文化特征。从消费伦理视角看,小说中人与社会之间是占有式的消费方式,人与人之间是利益扭曲的,自我个性也面临着消失的状态。这对探究美国商业的发展、美国人的文化精神,甚至我国当代社会的消费伦理构建都具有重要价值。 N2 - >Babbitt< is the masterpiece of Sinclair Lewis, a famous American writer. By depicting Babbitt, a real estate businessman, the novel vividly demonstrates the cultural characteristics of American consumerism in the 1920s. From the perspective of consumption ethics, in the novel, the relationship between people and society is possessive consumption, people are distorted in interests, and self-personality is disappearing. It is of great value to explore the development of American business, the cultural spirit of Americans, and even the construction of consumption ethics in our contemporary society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Bonomi, Carlo T1 - Editorial: Sándor Ferenczi and contemporary psychoanalysis: A selection of papers from the 13th International Sándor Ferenczi Conference, Florence, May 2018 T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 187-188. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Introduction - Violence, terror and terrorism today: Psychoanalytic perspectives – Part III JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 001-002. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Csillag, Veronica T1 - The making of a mass murderer: Notes on the novel We need to talk about Kevin JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 019-024. N2 - The fictional protagonist of the Lionel Shriver novel, >We need to talk about Kevin<, massacred nine classmates, his father and his sister with a bow and arrow. He murdered them just before he turned 16, to avoid being prosecuted as an adult. He spared the life of his mother, a kindred spirit, cold, arrogant, who would recognize the depth of his hatred and nihilism. Kevin's maternal grandfather was born in a concentration camp during the Armenian genocide. His mother, Eva, a tough, independent woman, loathed being pregnant and the process of giving birth. Kevin was a demanding baby and then a cruel child. Eva kept telling her husband that she found Kevin's malignity troubling, but he only wanted to see the charming, vulnerable side of the boy. Was Kevin born a sociopath or did he become one due to his experiences in utero and beyond? In this paper, I elucidate how temperamental features, inadequate parenting, transgenerational trauma, and oppressive gender relations created the perfect storm from which Kevin's personality developed. Finally, I will discuss how Eva and Kevin struggled to repair their relationship after the murders, and consider whether forgiveness and reconciliation are even possible after such a heinous act. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Wolfgang G. T1 - Toward a Humanization and Democratization of Work: References of Work, Organizational, and Economic Psychology to Erich Fromm's Concepts JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 080-094. N2 - Concepts from Self-Determination theory are related to Fromm’s conceptualizations of existential human needs and human strengths. Empirical findings seem to support Fromm (1955a) in stating that socio-economic environments which embody particular values will influence psychological well-being, health and social relations of consumers. Further, empirical studies on effects of working in democratic enterprises and experiencing a sociomoral work climate upon employees’ attitudes and behaviors will be presented. All in all, the findings support Fromm’s vision of a humanization and democratization of work. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019g Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019g ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Xue T1 - An Analysis of the Humanity Thought in Fromm's >Behind the Chains of Illusion< [浅析弗洛姆《在幻想锁链的彼岸》中的人性思想] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青], No.12 (2019), pp. 101-102. N2 - 马克思主义自从诞生开始就对世界政治、经济、社会等个个方面都产生了巨大的影响,对于马克思主义的研究和发展一直都没有停息。弗洛姆出人意料的将马克思主义与同样在西方拥有巨大影响力的弗洛伊德学说结合起来,试图在对两者的比较分析中发掘两位思想家的共同点,试图去调和精神分析学和马克思主义中的人本思想,从而发展出新的学说。这种对比在他的《在幻想锁链的彼岸》一书中表现的尤为明显,在这里他分别阐述了马克思和弗洛伊德的基本思想,特别是关于人和社会的观点,并对这些观点进行了比较分析。 N2 - Since the birth of Marxism, it has had a tremendous impact on the world politics, economy, and society and so on. It has not stopped for the research and development of Marxism. Fromm unexpectedly combines Marxism with the Freudian doctrine, which also has great influence in the West, in an attempt to find out the commonalities of the two thinkers in a comparative analysis of the two, trying to reconcile psychoanalysis with Marx. Humanistic thinking in the doctrine thus developed new doctrines. This contrast is particularly evident in his book The Other Side of the Fantasy Chain, where he elaborates on the basic ideas of Marx and Freud, especially those about people and society. A comparative analysis was conducted. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gandesha, Samir T1 - Adorno, Ferenczi, and a new >categorical imperative after Auschwitz< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 222.230. N2 - Theodor W. Adorno's mature thought can be characterized by the attempt to articulate what he calls a >new categorical imperative after Auschwitz.< By this, Adorno means that theory and praxis must be organized in such a way that the Holocaust does not repeat itself. This article argues that Sándor Ferenczi’s metapsychology is key to understanding Adorno’s attempt to rethink the nature of precisely such a new categorical imperative. One of the key themes of Adorno’s entire corpus is the problem of the “identification with the aggressor” – an idea that originates with Ferenzci rather than, as is commonly thought, Anna Freud. The Ferenczian dimension of Adorno’s thinking becomes particularly clear in Adorno’s thoughts on the question of freedom. In this context, Adorno engages in a psychoanalytically informed critique of the philosophy of freedom and a speculative philosophical critique of psychoanalysis. The fashioning of a >new categorical imperative< after Auschwitz entails a form of education directed towards a new form of Mündigkeit, one oriented towards contradiction, resistance, and a steadfast refusal to >identify with the aggressor.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - Return to Sepharad: Is it possible to heal an ancient wound? A reflection on the construction of large-group identity JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 095-103. N2 - Spanish parliament recently issued a new law offering Spanish nationality to Sephardic Jews who so desired and could demonstrate a basic knowledge of the Spanish language and culture. This law attempted to redress a five-centuries-old injustice and was expected to unleash both criticism and praise. Surprisingly, reactions in the public or the press were minimal or absent. Reasons for this are explored through a qualitative study with focus groups, which showed ideas that can be grouped into four main categories: ignorance, justice, distrust, and fear. It is hypothesized that the predominantly silent response to the new law might be due to the fact that it touches on an extremely sensible issue: the historically fragmented Spanish identity. A position of negation is constructed, to avoid deep anxieties related to the fragile core of a collective identity built from many >others< forced to the refuge of an introspection that protects them from the conviction of not fulfiling the ideal identity status, known by all but reached by none. All those >others< have mixed their bloods with the Old Christians along the centuries, possibly transmitting a profound insecurity about their personal and collective identity that might contribute to understanding current social reactions. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - The disturbing presence of the father: Paternal function and its initial developments JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 140-146. N2 - The birth of a child strongly influences the way in which we adults perceive life and, therefore, our inner world. This birth, or rather the expectation of it, initiates in the father a complex process, the paternal function. Despite being a common experience, there are many open questions regarding its development and its impact on the new father. We reflect here on paternal function and explore conscious and unconscious fantasies of the man facing new-found fatherhood. We propose that a kind of pre-Oedipal process has already begun during pregnancy. The new being’s mere existence inside the womb generates an exclusionary force that sets the father’s ambivalent feelings in motion. The overwhelming certainty of motherhood and the generation of the mother–fetus bubble develops in parallel with the uncertainty of the father, immersed in inner conflicts regarding what his relationship with the mother–child couple is and will be. He rapidly experiences how the child’s presence makes him an excluded third party, always longing to fully occupy the place he once enjoyed beside the mother. The baby enters a world where father’s strong ambivalence is already in place, facilitating and setting in motion a full development of the Oedipal process. Finally, some considerations are outlined on the potential influence of this complex ambivalence in large group reactions and the need to be remembered that humans have displayed since ancient historical times. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Genug ist (nicht) genug. Streben nach Entgrenzung und Grenzen der Selbstoptimierung JF - Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychotherapie. Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Tiefenpsychologie, Frankfurt (Brandes & Apsel), No. 184, Vol. 50, (No. 4, 2019), pp. 545-559. N2 - Ein selbstbestimmtes Leben zu führen, das sich von keinen äußeren und inneren Vorgaben einschränken lässt, gleichzeitig aber hohe Ansprüche an Selbstoptimierung und Selbstverwirklichung zu realisieren versucht, zeichnet vermehrt das Leben von vor allem jungen Menschen aus, die therapeutische Hilfe suchen. Was bringt sie dazu, ihr Leben so einzurichten, dass sie sich mit Grenzen und Selbstbegrenzungen so schwer tun und sich nicht mit weniger begnügen können? Der folgende Beitrag fragt anhand der Psychoanalytischen Sozialpsychologie Erich Fromms nach den Ursachen für die Entwicklung eines neuen Sozialcharakters, der sich die digitale Technik und die elektronischen Medien zunutze macht, um selbstbestimmt, ungebunden und ohne Rücksicht auf Vorgaben und Maßgaben Wirklichkeit neu, anders und besser zu ‘schaffen und dabei vor der eigenen Persönlichkeit nicht Halt macht. Der Fokus der Ausführungen liegt dabei nicht auf den sich daraus ergebenden klinischen Fragen, sondern auf den pathogenen Auswirkungen dieser Sozialcharakterbildung in den Psychen der Vielen. Die Frage der Unersättlichkeit - des Nicht- genug-bekommen-Könnens — ist so alt wie die Menschheit. Sie wurde traditionell vor allem unter dem Begriff der Gier erörtert, und zwar einer Gier, bei der man trotz Befriedigung nicht satt wird. Dass man Hunger hat und deshalb eine Gier spürt, ist etwas sehr Natürliches; dass man die Gier befriedigt und sich dennoch unersättlich erlebt, verweist auf eine charakterologische Gier und bedarf einer psychologischen Erklärung. N2 - Adolescents trying to live both self-determined and self-optimized are often looking for analytical help. What are the triggers for struggling with self-limitation? This essay is looking for the answer to that question based on the psychoanalytical social psychology by Erich Fromm with its basic assumption of a new social character orientation that uses social media and digital devices to live free from any requirements in a new, better and different manner without stopping at its own personality. Not clinical questions, but pathogen effects of this new figure for the psyches of the mass are discussed. Insatiability is as old as mankind. Historically this has been di cussed as greed that can never be satisfied. That one is hungry and therefore feels greed is something very natural. If one satisfies greed and yet experiences oneself insatiably refers to a characterological greed and needs a psychological explanation. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Das medial Ich. Zur psychischen Neukonstruktion des Menschen JF - Fokus Beratung, Berlin (EKFuL), No. 34 (Mai 2019), pp. 72-81. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Liebe zum Leben - trotz allem! Zur Aktualität der Biophilie nach Erich Fromm JF - R. Daniel, J. Haberer, C. Neuen (Eds.), Lust auf Zukunft trotz Sorge und Zweifel, Ostfildern (Patmos) 2019, pp. 92-111. N2 - Anknüpfend an das Tagungsthema >Lust auf Zukunft trotz Sorge und Zweifel< wird versucht, von der Sozial-Psychoanalyse Erich Fromms her die Lust auf Zukunft mit Fromms Konzept der Biophilie zu begründen. Dabei wird die Lust auf Zukunft psychologisch als die dem menschlichen Leben inhärente primäre Tendenz begriffen, die konstruktiven Lebensmöglichkeiten zur Entfaltung zu bringen. Diese primäre Tendenz kann aber durch psychische Anpassungsleistungen an bestimmte wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Erfordernisse geschwächt werden. Dies wird an den von Fromm analysierten Sozial-Charakterorientierungen sowie an dem vom Autor beschriebenen ich-orientierten Charakter verdeutlicht. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Vom Haben zum Sein? [reprint of Funk_R_2016g] JF - Psychologie heute compact - Vom Glück des Weniger, Weinheim (Beltz-Verlag), No. 58, pp. 42-47. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Entgrenzung als mentale Neukonstruktion der Persönlichkeit JF - Faust Jahrbuch 5 (2014-2016). Goethes Faust als Protagonist der Entgrenzung - Befunde und Analysen, ed. by Marco Lehmann-Waffwenschmidt, Bielefeld (Aisthesis Verlag), 2019, pp. 99-114. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gu, Hongyan T1 - The Contemporary Significance of Fromm's Idea of Aestheticizing Existence [弗洛姆审美化生存思想的当代意义], Master thesis, Aesthetics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)是20世纪著名的哲学家, 思想家和社会学家, 是西方马克思主义的代表人物之一。他综合了马克思的异化理论和弗洛伊德的人格分析学说并建立了审美化生存理论, 从人性角度出发, 透过资本主义经济繁荣的表象, 在哲学范畴内批判了西方资本主义社会全面异化的现象, 揭示了异化现象的形成原因, 并积极探索理想化生存社会的建构。弗洛姆审美化生存理论对现时代中国建设和谐社会、深化>以人为本<原则有着重要的借鉴作用和参考价值。论文主要分为三个部分:第一部分介绍弗洛姆思想形成的理论来源及现实背景。马克思的社会学理论和弗洛伊德的人格分析说对弗洛姆的影响很大, 个人的经历和时代的变迁使他积极地从哲学理论中寻找答案。弗洛姆通过对人的生存困境和社会的现实处境展开对资本主义社会生存危机的批判, 这也是弗洛姆生存思想的现实背景。第二部分系统地介绍了弗洛姆审美化生存思想的建构。以人性为起点, 首先分析了弗洛姆的人性生存论, 积极探索实现审美化生存的基础——生产性人格, 鼓励重生存的生活方式, 并提出理想社会模式的建构。弗洛姆认为只有通过从内到外地全面改革才能实现人的自由解放, 创建生产性人格, 建构审美化生存社会。第三部分介绍对弗洛姆审美化生存思想的评价。首先从人性理论和异化理论分析了审美化生存思想的空想性。其次分析了审美化生存思想的理论意义。弗洛姆审美化生存思想创建了资本主义批判的新维度, 并促进对人精神分析的新视角。最后介绍弗洛姆审美化生存思想对中国建设和谐社会具有重要的借鉴意义, 可以深化对>以人为本<原则的认识, 并积极地促进精神文明建设。弗洛姆审美化生存思想丰富和扩展了国外马克思主义的理论创新, 弗洛姆思想的形成受其生活时代的影响, 弗洛姆对资本主义的批判是不彻底的, 在不推翻资本主义私有制的前提下进行的全面改革也是改良式的。因此我们必须用辩证的历史的发展的观点看待审美化理论, 积极地探索和解决我们在和谐社会建设中遇到的挑战。 N2 - Erich Fromm, a famous philosopher, thinker and sociologist in the 20th century, is one of the representative figures of Western Marxism. From the perspective of human nature, he criticized the phenomenon of total alienation in western capitalist society through the appearance of economic prosperity, revealed the causes of alienation, and actively explored the construction of an idealized living society. Fromm's theory of survival aestheticization has an important reference value for China's construction of a harmonious society and the deepening of the >human-centered< principle. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the theoretical source and the practical background of the formation of Fromm's thought. Marx's sociological theory and Freud's personality analysis have a great influence on Fromm, and his personal experience and the changes of the times make him actively seek answers from philosophical theories. Fromm criticized the existential crisis of capitalist society through the predicament of human existence and the real situation of society, which is also the realistic background of Fromm's idea of survival.– The second part systematically introduces the construction of Fromm's idea of aesthetic survival. Taking human nature as the starting point, the first part analyzes Fromm's theory of survival of human nature, actively explores the basis of aesthetic survival - the productive personality, encourages a way of life that emphasizes survival, and proposes the construction of an ideal social model. Fromm argues that only through a comprehensive reform from the inside out can human beings be liberated, a productive personality be created, and a society of aesthetic existence be constructed.– The third part introduces the evaluation of Fromm's idea of aesthetic existence. The first part analyzes the imaginary nature of aesthetic existence from human nature theory and alienation theory. The second part analyzes the theoretical significance of Aesthetic Survival Thought. Fromm's Aesthetic Survival creates a new dimension in the critique of capitalism, and promotes a new perspective in the analysis of human spirit. Finally, it introduces the significance of Fromm's Aesthetic Survival to the construction of a harmonious society in China, which can deepen the understanding of the principle of >people-oriented< and actively promote the construction of spiritual civilization. The formation of Fromm's thought was influenced by the era in which he lived. Fromm's criticism of capitalism was incomplete, and the comprehensive reform carried out on the premise of not overthrowing capitalist private ownership was also reformed. Therefore, we must look at the theory of aestheticism from the perspective of dialectical historical development, and actively explore and solve the challenges we encounter in the construction of a harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gu, Ruoyan T1 - An Analysis of the Humanity and Ethical Alienation of the Small and Medium-sized Citizens in Grass's >The Tin Drum< [《铁皮鼓》中小市民人性及伦理异化探析] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 15 (2019), pp. 127-130. N2 - 《铁皮鼓》以小家庭为单位呈现了小市民社会的缩影,展现了被异化的人性与伦理。小说通过对小市民社会的描绘,映射了同时期病态的德国社会,揭示了纳粹得以滋生壮大的社会根源。本文结合马克思伦理思想及弗洛姆人性异化论,分析《铁皮鼓》中小市民社会畸形的人际关系与生活方式,从而理解作品中深刻的历史反思主题。 N2 - >The Tin Drum< presents a microcosm of small civil society as a small family, showing the alienated humanity and ethics. Through the depiction of the small civil society, the novel maps the morbid German society at the same time, revealing the social roots of the Nazis' growth and growth. This thesis combines Marx's ethical thoughts and Fromm's theory of alienation of humanity to analyze the interpersonal relationship and life style of the social malformation of the small and medium-sized citizens in the >The Tin Drum<, so as to understand the profound historical reflection theme in the works. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gui, Shan T1 - A Study of Fromm's Social Theory from the Perspective of Marxism [基于马克思主义视角的弗洛姆社会理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jiangsu Provincial Party School, Jiangsu, China 2019. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是人本主义的马克思主义的重要理论家,一生著作颇丰。他的主要代表作有《逃避自由》、《自我的追寻》、《健全的社会》、《马克思论人》、《弗洛伊德思想的贡献与局限》等。弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义学说是其思想的主要来源。作为一个精神分析治疗师,弗洛姆创造性地发挥了弗洛伊德的无意识理论,提出了自己的社会无意识理论,这也成为他的社会理论的基础。在研究人的心理状态时,他不仅考虑到了人的生理本能因素,更多地看到了社会历史文化因素对人的心理状态的影响。只有深入研究这些因素对人的性格结构的影响,才能理解现代人为什么要逃避自由,也才能看清现代资本主义社会的病态本质,从而寻求一种健全的人道主义社会。本文试图理清弗洛姆社会理论的逻辑进路,研究他的理论的核心基础和基本内容,发现从人性层面到社会层面的弊病以及解决之道。最后从总体上对弗洛姆的社会理论进行批判性的评价。第一章是阐述弗洛姆社会理论的生成背景和思想渊源,使我们对弗洛姆其人有一个整体上的认识和把握。第二章首先指出了弗洛姆社会理论的基础—无意识理论,其次探讨了社会理论的基本内容及其丰富内涵。其中,弗洛姆分析了现代人逃避自由的心理机制,并探讨了社会性格的两种类型。弗洛姆认为我们应当与世界建立起自发创造性的联系,用爱与理性的力量创造性地生活。在这里他重点强调了社会无意识和社会性格在联结经济基础和意识形态之间的中介作用。最后阐述了弗洛姆对病态社会的剖析及他对健全的人道主义社会的构想。第三章从马克思主义的视角对其理论进行了批判性的评价,分析了它的理论价值和局限性。 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important theoretician of Marxist humanism and wrote many books in his life. His major works are >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself<, >The Sane Society<, >Marx’s Concept of Man<, >Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought< and so on. Freud’s psychoanalysis and Marxism are the main sources of his thoughts. As a psychoanalytic therapist, Fromm creatively developed Freud’s theory of unconsciousness and put forward his own theory of social unconsciousness, which became the basis of his social theory. When studying people’s psychological state, he not only considered people’s physiological instinctive factors, but also saw the influence of social, historical and cultural factors on people’s psychological state. Only by deeply studying the influence of these factors on people’s character structure, can we understand why modern people want to escape from freedom and see the pathological nature of modern capitalist society, so as to seek a sound humanitarian society. This study tries to clarify the logic process of Fromm’s social theory, study the core foundation and basic content of his theory, and find out the maladies from the human dimension to the social dimension and the solutions. At last, this study critically evaluates Fromm’s social theory on the whole. The first chapter is to expound the forming background and ideological origin of Fromm’s social theory, so that we have a general understanding of him.– The second chapter firstly points out the foundation of Fromm’s social theory – the theory of unconsciousness, and then probes into the basic content and rich connotation of his social theory. Fromm analyzed the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom of modern people and discussed two types of social characters. Fromm believes that we should establish a spontaneous and creative connection with the world and use the power of love and reason to live creatively. Here he emphasizes the mediating role of social unconsciousness and social character in gluing economic foundation and ideology. At last, this study expounds Fromm’s analysis of the sick society and his conception of the sound humanitarian society.– The third chapter critically evaluates his theory from the perspective of Marxism and analyzes its theoretical value and limitations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guo, Xiaofei T1 - A Review of Fromm’s Thoughts of Goodness [弗洛姆的善的思想述评] JF - Journal of Shaoxing University(Humanities and Social Sciences) [ 绍兴文理学院学报(人文社会科学),] No. 5 (2019), pp. 81-87. N2 - 弗洛姆是心理学领域少有的关注和重视善的研究的心理学家。弗洛姆的许多著作涉及伦理学论题,且将善作为分析和研究的核心主题。弗洛姆认为,人性的善恶应该从人的社会关系视角加以分析,从性格的形成和发展的规律角度解析人的善恶机制,他相信人类可以构架一种基于友善或爱的和谐的社会关系。梳理和解析弗洛姆的善的本质观、善的人性观、善的发生机制和善的社会关系的思想,对建设和谐社会具有理论指导意义。 N2 - Fromm is a rare psychologist who focuses on and highly values the study of goodness in the field of psychology. Many of Fromm’s works deal with ethical thesis, making goodness a central theme of analysis and research. Fromm believes that the evil and goodness in human nature should be analyzed from the perspective of human social relations, and the mechanism of human evil and goodness interpreted from the law of the formation and development of character. Fromm believes that human beings can structure harmonious social relations based on care or love. It is of theoretical guiding significance for the construction of a harmonious society by combing and analyzing Fromm’s views on the nature and humanity of goodness, the generative mechanism of goodness and the thought of good social relations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Min T1 - The Dual Dimensions of Freedom – Thoughts on the View of Freedom in >Escape from Freedom< [自由的双重维度——对《逃避自由》中自由观的思考] JF - Legal System and Society [法制与社会], No. 21 (2019), pp. 228-229. N2 - 自由作为人类向往的精神境界,一直是社会研究的重要主题。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中,从心理学角度出发,对自由做出了自己的阐述。积极自由和消极自由作为自由两种不同的表现形式,表达了在追寻个人自由时的不同侧重点。与此同时,弗洛姆所倡导的积极自由与马克思眼中的全面自由发展又存在区分唯心主义与唯物主义标准的区别。本文就是在阅读《逃避自由》之后,就自由这一主题进行探讨。 N2 - As the spiritual realm of humanity, freedom has always been an important subject of social research. Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<, from the perspective of psychology, he made his own interpretation of freedom. Positive freedom and negative freedom, as two different expressions of freedom, express different focuses in the pursuit of individual liberty. At the same time, the positive freedom advocated by Fromm and the comprehensive free development in the eyes of Marx have the distinction between idealism and materialism. This article is to explore the theme of freedom after reading >Escape from Freedom<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Qian T1 - Women’s Escape in Life – Interpretation of >Dear Life< from the Perspective of Fromm's View of Freedom [女性在生活中的逃离 – 弗洛姆自由观视域下的《亲爱的生活》解读], Master thesis, English Languange and Literature, Henan Normal University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 爱丽丝•门罗是加拿大女性作家,2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主。她终身致力于短篇小说创作,享有>我们的契科夫<的盛誉,是当代短篇小说大师。门罗最新的一部短篇小说集《亲爱的生活》于2012年出版,由十四篇故事组成,揭示了门罗关于成长,婚姻,爱情,疾病和死亡的永恒主题;这部小说一经发表就引起了广大评论界的关注;同时,它也是门罗力荐给读者的最后也是最好的一部作品。国内外许多学者以及文学评论家从多个不同角度评析爱丽丝•门罗的小说《亲爱的生活》。然而,大多数研究关注主题、文化、叙事艺术,女性主义、存在主义,比较文学及心理学等方面。门罗对女性生活日常的心理刻画细致入微,她笔下的女性人物在追寻着自由的同时又在逃避着自由;生活于她们而言是一场自由进行曲,这使得她们挣扎于个体自我、家庭和社会期望之间的矛盾需求。而弗洛姆的自由说中所蕴含的一些独特阐释又恰恰为这一研究提供了理论支持。本文借埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论试析《亲爱的生活》中五个故事里的女性。全文分为三个部分,引言、正文和结论;其中,正文本分由四个章节组成。引言介绍了爱丽丝•门罗和小说《亲爱的生活》,埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论,以及国内外对门罗的《亲爱的生活》的研究和评论,进而点明本文的研究意义:以弗洛姆的自由观中所涉及的>纽带<、>逃避<、>自发<为理论出发点,分析门罗的小说,揭示女性生活的实质。第一章是本文的理论基础。详细阐述了弗洛姆自由论的三个重要概念,>纽带<>逃避<与>自发<。在现代社会,个体为获得自由摆脱了曾赋予其生命以意义和安全的所有>纽带<,却又陷入了无能为力及孤立的状态。为了摆脱这种不安全的状态,个体开始竭力>逃避<自由,却被束缚在新纽带关系之中。但以牺牲个体自我为代价的新纽带并不能恢复他失掉的安全感。因此,这种>逃避<又给人套上了新的枷锁。而>自发<以不压抑自我、不割裂理性与本性为前提,能够帮助个体获得真实自我并依照其自由意志进行活动,使其重新找回安全感,实现真正意义上的自由。第二章从>纽带<的双重含义来具体分析女性在生活中所面临的困境。女性在不同的人生阶段扮演着多重角色,相应的也承受着多重的困境;而>纽带<,作为女性与家庭和社会联系的节点,在给予女性安全感的同时,也限制了她们对自由和自我实现的追寻;因此,女性徘徊于自我需求,家庭责任和社会期待的矛盾边缘,而她们的追寻也被现实生活中的日常琐碎日渐湮没,并逐渐在家庭与社会生活中变得无力与孤独。因此,>纽带<又成为了她们追求自由与自我实现的一种束缚与枷锁。第三章以>逃避<的深层次概念来关注女性在生活中的心理历程。自由所带来的孤独与无力感迫使女性个体在逃离束缚后开始寻求新的>纽带<关系。以感性占据统治地位的女性以爱之名屈从于外在男性权威,致使她们在生活中为了寻求丢失的安全感而牺牲掉一部分的自我。而内在权威又假借责任和良心之名无形地制约着女性,迫使她们在生活中放弃自我需求,回归理性。无论是感性占据抑或是理性占据,都是一种割裂自我,压抑自我的>逃避<,因此,新的>纽带<是暂时的,脆弱的。第四章从>自发<的概念进一步阐释了女性在生活中屡屡失败的根本原因及出路。女性>逃避<到新的>纽带<关系中注定是失败的,生活中的意外与悲剧便是最好的见证;女性对权威的依附其实是对安全感和权利的依附,而这种以牺牲部分或全部自我为代价的>逃避<是不牢固的,一旦时机成熟便会再次唤醒女性对内在自我的追寻;因此,自发性的缺失是导致失败的根本原因;唯有在实现自我的完整性的基础上,女性才能在寻求自由与幸福的同时与他人建立起平等独立的关系。基于以上的讨论和分析,结论部分指出门罗所塑造的女性人物在不同的人生阶段面临着不同的生存困境,表面上看似幸福的生活背后隐藏的是无尽的孤独与无力感。面对社会与家庭的双重压力,女性游走于社会或家庭需求与自我需求的矛盾边缘,不论是被动的屈服或主动地尝试,在现实生活中,她们仍然会与意外与悲剧不期而遇。尽管,这种生存困境对于女性而言是一种普遍存在的现象,但她们对自由和幸福的追寻是永无止境的。而且,她们终将通过自发性的活动找到生活的意义。 N2 - Alice Munro, a Canadian female writer, was the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. She devotes all her life to the creation of short stories, known as >our Chekov<, and she is considered as a master of contemporary short stories. Munro’s latest collection of short stories >Dear Life< was published in 2012, which consists of 14 stories that reveal Munro’s eternal themes of growth, marriage, love, disease and death. It has attracted the attention of a wide range of critics once it was published; at the same time, it is also the last and the best work that Munro recommends to readers. Many scholars and critics at home and abroad have analyzed Alice Munro’s novel >Dear Life< from various perspectives. However, most studies focus on themes, culture, narrative arts, feminism, existentialism, comparative literature and psychology and etc. Munro’s psychological portrayal of women’s daily life is meticulous, and female characters in her novel are escaping from freedom while pursuing freedom; and life for them is the march of freedom, which makes them struggle with the contradictory demands among their individual selves, family and social expectations. And some of the unique interpretations contained in Fromm’s theory of freedom provide theoretical support for this research. This thesis tries to analyze the female characters of five stories in >Dear Life< from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom. It is divided into three parts, including introduction, body and conclusion, of which the body part is composed of four chapters. The first part introduces Alice Munro and >Dear Life<, Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom, as well as researches and comments on Munro’s Dear Life at home and abroad, and then points out the research significance of this thesis. And the paper takes the >bond<, >escape< and >spontaneity< involved in Fromm’s view of freedom as the theoretical starting points to analyze Munro’s novel and reveal the essence of women’s life. Chapter one is the theoretical basis of this thesis, which expounds three main concepts of Fromm’s theory of freedom in detail, such as >bond<, >escape< and >spontaneity<. The individual in modern society gets rid of all the >bonds< that once gave meaning and security to life and gains freedom but again falls into the state of powerlessness and isolation. In order to get rid of this state of insecurity, the individual strives to >escape< from freedom but is driven into a new bond. But this bond, at the expense of sacrificing the individual self, would not restore his lost security. Therefore, this >escape< from freedom makes the individual trap into a new bondage. However, based on the premise of without suppressing oneself or splitting reason and nature, >spontaneity< can help the individual obtain the real self and behave by his free will, which makes him regain security and realize the true sense of freedom. Chapter two illustrates women’s dilemmas in life from the dual meaning of >bond<. Women play multiple roles at different stages of life, and correspondingly suffer from multiple dilemmas. However, >bond<, as a node connecting women with family and society, not only gives them a sense of security but also limits their pursuit of freedom and self-realization. Therefore, women linger on the brink of contradiction among their individual demands and family responsibilities and social expectations, and their pursuit seems to be annihilated by daily trivialities in actual life, and gradually become powerless and isolated in family and social life. Thus, the >bond< again becomes a kind of bondage and yoke which gets in the way of their pursuit of freedom and self-realization. Chapter three focuses on the deep concept of >escape< to pay attention to women’s psychological process in life. The state of isolation and powerlessness brought about by freedom forces women to begin to seek the new >bond< relationship after escaping from bondage. Women dominated by sensibilities succumb to external male authority in the name of love, which make them sacrifice parts of their individual selves in life to find the lost sense of security. But the internal authority again restricts women intangibly in the name of responsibility and conscience, forcing them to give up their individual demands and come to their senses in life. Whether woman’s emotional occupation or rational occupation, it is a kind of >escape< that separates oneself and suppresses oneself, therefore, the new >bond< is temporary and fragile. Chapter four further explains the fundamental cause and the way out of women’s successive failures in life through the concept of >spontaneity<. It is doomed to fail for woman to >escape< to the new >bond< relationship, and the accident and tragedy in life are good evidences. And their attachment to authority is actually a dependency on the power and security, and the >escape< at the expense of sacrificing parts or all of the self is fragile. Once the time is ripe, they will be awakened again to pursue their inner selves. Therefore, the absence of spontaneity is the fundamental cause of failure. Only on the premise of the realization of self-integrity, can women build the equal and independent >bonds< with others while seeking freedom and happiness. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the conclusion part points out that the female characters created by Munro are confronted with different predicaments at different stages of life, and endless isolation and powerlessness hide behind the seeming happiness in life. Being confronted with the double pressure from society and family, women struggle on the edge of the contradiction between social or family demands and individual self’s demand. No matter the passive submission or the active attempt, woman still meet with accidents and tragedies unexpectedly in actual life. Although these plights of survival are the universal phenomena for women, their pursuit of freedom and happiness is endless. And they will eventually find the meaning of life through spontaneous activities. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Qiuting T1 - Study on the Humanization Governance of Alienation of Micro-Communication Technologies [微通讯技术异化的人道化治理研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 2019. N2 - 当今社会,技术发展迅猛。以微信、微博、TWITTER等为代表的微通讯技术,在为人类带来丰富的信息与便捷的生活的同时,也在逐渐脱离人的掌控,背离技术最初的目的,变成人类发展相对立的异己力量。一方面,社会的发展需要技术的进步,因而绝不能一味地反对微通讯技术的发展,忽视其积极作用。另一方面,也要清醒地认识到其负面作用,正确地认识微通讯技术异化,把握微通讯技术的本质,通过思想上重视人的本质,技术活动中实际强调人的本质的实现,以求达到人、微通讯技术与自然的和谐发展。对微通讯技术异化人道化治理的探索不仅对促进微通讯技术的更好发展有着重要意义,对我们今天面临的普遍的科技异化现象的缓解和解决有着深刻的参考价值,同时也为我国未来的科学技术发展和现代化建设提供参照。首先对文中的重要概念进行界定,阐述本文的理论依据,包括马克思人的本质理论、马尔库塞异化理论与弗洛姆的技术人道化理论,表明技术人道化是逐渐消解技术异化的作用,关注人的本质与创造力的实现,使技术社会回到人类的控制之下。以移动互联技术时代的代表微通讯技术为对象进行研究,其发展现状是拥有庞大的用户群体、提供丰富的功能、影响力深入人们生活的方方面面,成为人的生存方式。从二重论述微通讯技术对人的影响。微通讯技术的正面效应包括使人可在虚拟空间中进行人际交往、可即时获取海量信息、更易进行个性化的展现与表达、对公共事务的参与感与干预力加强。微通讯技术的负面效应包括造成人的严重的碎片化现象、不同程度的微通讯依赖,给人带来隐私危机和安全威胁、虚假不良信息泛滥等。当微通讯技术违背了人的目的,脱离了人的控制,并导致人的价值与自由的失去时,微通讯技术对人产生了异化。分析微通讯技术异化的表现,主要包括思维异化、社交异化、审美异化、消费异化、休闲异化。探究微通讯技术异化的原因,提出微通讯技术异化具有技术性的原因、主体性的原因和社会性的原因。对微通讯技术异化的治理应该从单一的社会治理向人道化治理发展,首先从思想上治理,以人为先,强调技术活动中要时刻体现人的本质以及技术为人的目的。提出微通讯技术异化人道化治理这一主张并阐述其基本思想,以人性引导和规约技术发展,关注人的生命质量,维护人的自由本质。探索微通讯技术异化人道化治理的主要途径,从技术性、主体性、社会性三方面提出具体的措施,以求实现技术的人性化、人文化、人道化发展。将人道化治理思想用于广泛的技术领域,可以推动技术真正成为人的技术,促进人的自由而全面的发展。 N2 - In today’s society, technology is developing rapidly. The micro-communication technology represented by Weixin, Weibo and TWITTER, while bringing abundant information and convenient life to human beings, is gradually divorcing from human control, deviating from the original purpose of technology, and becoming an alien force opposed to human development. On the one hand, social development needs technological progress, so we must not blindly oppose the development of micro-communication technology and ignore its positive role. On the other hand, we should be aware of its negative effects, correctly understand the alienation of micro-communication technology, grasp the essence of micro-communication technology, attach importance to the essence of human beings ideologically, and actually emphasize the realization of human nature in technological activities in order to achieve the harmonious development of human, micro-communication technology and nature. The exploration of the humanized governance of the alienation of micro-communication technology is not only of great significance to promote the better development of micro communication technology, but also of profound reference value to alleviate and solve the widespread phenomenon of the alienation of science and technology which we are facing today, as well as to provide reference for the future development of science and technology and modernization construction in China. Firstly, this paper defines the important concepts and elaborates the theoretical basis of this paper, including Marx’s theory of human nature and Fromm’s theory of technological humanization. It shows that technological humanization is the gradual elimination of the role of technological alienation, awakening people’s own rational consciousness, making people get rid of the blind worship and excessive dependence on technology as soon as possible, restoring people’s subjective initiative and creativity, and making technology. The academic society is under the control of human beings. This paper studies the representative micro-communication technology in the era of mobile interconnection technology. Its development status is that it has a huge user group, provides rich functions and influences in all aspects of people’s lives, and becomes a way of life. This paper discusses the influence of micro-communication technology on human beings from two aspects. The positive effects of micro communication technology include making it possible for people to communicate in virtual space, accessing massive information instantly, showing and expressing individually more easily, and strengthening the sense of participation and intervention in public affairs. The negative effects of micro-communication technology include the serious fragmentation of human beings, the dependence on micro-communication in different degrees, the privacy crisis and security threat to human beings, and the flood of false and bad information. When micro-communication technology violates human’s purpose, breaks away from human’s control, and leads to the loss of human’s value and freedom, micro-communication technology has alienated people. This paper analyses the manifestations of the alienation of micro communication technology, including thinking alienation, social alienation, aesthetic alienation, consumption alienation and leisure alienation. This paper explores the reasons for the alienation of micro-communication technology, and puts forward the technical, subjective and social reasons for the alienation of micro-communication technology. The governance of the alienation of micro-communication technology should develop from a single social governance to a humane governance. Firstly, it should be ideologically governed and people-oriented, emphasizing that the essence of human beings and the purpose of technology for human beings should always be embodied in technological activities. This paper puts forward the idea of alienation and humane governance of micro-communication technology and expounds its basic idea. It guides and regulates technological development with humanity, pays attention to the quality of human life and safeguards the nature of human freedom. This paper explores the main ways of the alienation and humanization of micro-communication technology, and puts forward concrete measures from three aspects of technology, subjectivity and sociality in order to realize the humanization, humanization and humanization of technology. The application of humanized governance thought in a wide range of technical fields can promote technology to become human technology and promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, W. G. A1 - Unterrainer, Christina A1 - Hoege, Thomas T1 - Psychological Research on Organisational Democracy: A Meta-Analysis of Individual, Organisational, and Societal Outcomes JF - Applied Psychology: An International Review, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019, pp. 1-63. doi: 10.1111/apps.12205 N2 - Our meta-analytic review investigates how employee participation in democratic enterprises is related to psychological outcomes. We gathered 60 studies through a systematic literature search of quantitative field studies (published between January 1970 and May 2017) and extracted 138 effect sizes related to three indicators of organisational democracy (OD) and 15 psychological outcomes. The overall findings suggest that employees’ individually perceived participation in organisational decision making (IPD) had a stronger relation to job satisfaction (ρ = .25), job involvement/work motivation (ρ = .36), prosocial work behaviours (ρ = .24), civic and democratic behaviours (ρ = .21) and perceived supportive climate (ρ = .44) than the other two OD indicators: structurally anchored employee participation (SAEP) and employee participation in collective ownership (EO). This was not the case for valuebased commitment: the relations of SAEP (ρ = .40), EO (ρ = .34), and IPD (ρ = .46) with commitment were nearly equal. Mediation analyses indicated that IPD partially mediated most of the effects of SAEP and EO on the outcomes mentioned. The cross-sectional database and a small number of studies for some of the outcomes are the main limitations of this study. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wei, Wen T1 - A Reading of >The Great Gatsby< in Light of Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [《了不起的盖茨比》的人道主义伦理解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Wuyi University (Social Sciences Edition) [邑大学学报(社会科学版), No. 1 (2019), pp. 42-45, 94.Wen N2 - 俯瞰尘世的医生眼睛是《了不起的盖茨比》的中心意象,它暗含着菲茨杰拉德对美国消费社会时代病症的诊断。以弗洛姆的人道主义伦理理论分析,消费社会的病症体现在三方面:人异化成商品;爱表现为占有和束缚;病态社会造成人的疯狂和堕落。盖茨比的了不起在于他超越了病态的爱欲表达,坚持对梦想的追求。菲茨杰拉德通过塑造盖茨比这个人物,批判美国消费社会下人性荒漠的现实,表达对美好人性的乐观期望。 N2 - In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the imagery of a pair of doctor’s eyes overlooking the dusty world, which implies a diagnosis of the Jazz Age of America. This paper analyzes the characters in the novel according to the three criteria proposed by Erich Fromm of judging the sanity of a society: the independence of the individual, the expression of love by and the creativity of the individual. We find that the text expresses an optimistic expectation of the future society while criticizing the alienation of human beings in the commercial society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vajda, Mihály A1 - Smitmans-Vajda, Barbara T1 - Erinnerungen an Ágnes Heller JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 141-168. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaslamatzis, Grigoris T1 - Memories, or attempts to dream undreamt traumas? >Souvenirs dormants< (Sleeping memories) by Patrick Modiano, under the gaze of Thomas Ogden JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 022-026. N2 - In >Sleeping memories< (2017), French writer Patrick Modiano confronts the past and his memories in a different way compared with his previous novels, as he keeps trying to revisit and reprocess them. In this book he adds a new method, the dreaming revision of memories, especially traumatic ones, turning to the work of Marquis d’Hervey de Saint-Denys, >Les rêves et les moyens de les diriger: Observations pratiques.< I would suggest that in this way he dreams undreamt traumas, thereby transforming them. In doing so, Modiano meets Thomas Ogden’s art of psychoanalysis. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jingyan T1 - A Study of Alienation in >Olive Kitteridge< [《奥莉芙•基特里奇》的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 伊丽莎白•斯特劳特是当代美国文坛著名的一位女作家,她的一生创作了多部小说。2008年,斯特劳特发表了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》,该小说入围了2008年美国国家书评人协会奖,后来成为《纽约时报》的畅销书,也使得她一举拿下2009年的普利策奖和意大利Premio Bancarella奖。之后,这本小说被HBO改编成了电视剧,获得了第67届艾美奖13项提名。《奥莉芙•基特里奇》无疑是一本十分成功的小说。但国内外对该小说的研究并不多,且大多数研究都侧重于女性主义,荒诞主义,心理分析等视角。斯特劳特精于描写平凡小镇的平凡人物,但在平凡人物关系中,却或多或少的存在着冷漠、疏离与孤独。因此,本论文运用弗洛姆的异化思想,从四个方面解读《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中的异化现象。本论文分为三个部分,分别是:引言、主体、结语三个部分。引言部分概述了伊丽莎白•斯特劳特的生平和她的所有作品,综述了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》在国内外的研究。其次,本论文研究了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中异化现象的原因,同时介绍了弗洛姆的生平以及异化思想。主体分为四章。第一章解读了小说中情感的异化,这种异化主要表现在两个方面。异化的情感首先表现为偶像崇拜式的爱,在恋爱关系中,一方把另一方当作>偶像<一样崇拜,以至于在爱的人身上丢失了自己;其次表现为夫妻各自的婚外情,这种婚外情主要是由于婚后沟通能力的丧失,夫妻间对婚内生活的不满以及受到性欲望的诱惑造成的。第二章侧重分析了父母与孩子关系的异化,这在小说中表现在三个方面。首先体现在上一代父母亲的自杀给孩子的内心造成了严重创伤,导致孩子长大后精神失常或者性格有缺陷而想要自杀。其次,这种异化还表现在父母对孩子的异化权威。父母过度控制地孩子的生活,导致孩子人格的不完整以及心理疾病的出现。最后,父母与孩子关系的异化还导致了孩子的父母亲情结。孩子在的成长过程中,难以摆脱父母形象,既想要赶紧脱离父母的力量,又想找一个和父母形象、性格等相似的人相伴终身。此外,父亲情结还会导致孩子的过度自我压抑和顺从;具有母亲情结的人则会过分依附于他者,无法获得健全生活。第三章介绍了小镇人的异化,这种异化主要是由机械式生活,与他者疏远以及自我身份的不确定导致的。单调的生活使得小镇人变得麻木,冷漠,如同机器一般。小镇人对他者漠不关心,有的甚至疏远他人,过起了与世隔绝的生活,俨然变成了隐士。第四章主要指出了通往健全生活的方式。健全的生活需要创造性的爱,爱是个体存在的最基本需求,也是通往健全生活的必要条件。另外,人需要定位坐标来界定自我身份。满足个体定位坐标需要客观地看待世界;同时也需要感性地与世界相连。此外,人需要与他者关联,摆脱内心的孤独与压抑。结语部分概括了《奥莉芙•基特里奇》中的异化表现,指出了小说文本与异化理论结合的意义。通过对小说中异化的研究,读者能从全新的视角理解本小说。此外,小说中的异化也是现实世界异化的缩影,折射出人与人之间普遍存在的异化现象,而对通往健全之路的分析则有利于改善人与人之间的异化。 N2 - Elizabeth Strout is one of the most famous contemporary woman writers in America, and she has written many novels in her life. In 2008, Strout published >Olive Kitteridge<, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the Premio Bancarella Award. In addition, it was also a finalist for the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award and later became a New York Times bestseller. Later, >Olive Kitteridge< was adapted into TV series by HBO and won 13 nominations for the 67th Emmy Award. >Olive Kitteridge< is undoubtedly a very successful novel. However, there are not many studies and researches on this novel both at home and abroad. Most of the existing studies and researches focus on perspectives of feminism, absurdism and psychoanalysis. Strout is specialized in depicting ordinary people with more or less indifference, alienation and loneliness in ordinary towns. Therefore, this thesis uses Fromm’s alienation theory to interpret the phenomenon of alienation from four aspects in >Olive Kitteridge<. The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, the main body and conclusion. The introduction part outlines the life of Elizabeth Strout and all her works, and summarizes the researches on >Olive Kitteridge< at home and abroad. Then the introduction part shows the significance of the analysis of alienation in >Olive Kitteridge<. Finally, it gives a brief introduction to Erich Fromm and alienation theory. The body part consists of four chapters.– The first chapter interprets the alienated love, which firstly can be shown by idolatrous love. In idolatrous love, one worships the loved one as an ‘idol’ and becomes part of the one he loves, so that he loses himself in love and becomes an idolatrous worshipper. In the second place, the alienated love in the novel can be illustrated through extramarital affairs, which are mainly caused by the inability of communication after marriage, the dissatisfaction within marriage life and the temptation of sexual desire.– The second chapter lays stress on the alienation in parent-child relations, which can be reflected in the novel in three aspects. Firstly, the suicide of the previous generation has caused severe trauma to children. When these children grow up, they become mentally disturbed or have character defects, or they even want to commit suicide. Meanwhile, the alienated relations can also be shown through the overwhelming authority over children in the novel. The excessive parental control over children’s life lead to their incomplete personality and mental illness. Furthermore, the alienation between parents and children also leads to matriarchal and patriarchal complex. During the process of growth, it is difficult for some children to get rid of the mother and father figures. As a result, they not only want to break away from the power of their parents, but also want to marry a person who is similar to their parents’ image and personality. What’s more, patriarchal complex will lead to children’s excessive self-repression and submission, while children with matriarchal complex are too attached to others to live a sane life.– The third chapter deals with the alienation in townspeople, which is caused by mechanical life, estrangement from others and the uncertainty of self-identity. The monotonous life leads to the numbness and aloofness of townspeople who just repeat their daily life like a machine. In addition, people in this small town are indifferent to others. What’s more, some of them even estrange themselves from others. As a result, they live in isolation and become somewhat hermits.– The fourth chapter focuses on the ways to sane life. One is the productive love, which is the most fundamental necessity for individual and essential requirement for the way to sane life. What’s more, man needs a frame of orientation to define his identity. To satisfy the need of a frame of orientation, one should see the world objectively and get in touch with the world with passion. What’s more, to live a sane life, man needs to relate to others to get rid of his loneliness and depression.– Conclusion part summarizes the alienation phenomenon in >Olive Kitteridge< and points out the significance of the study. Through the study of the alienation, the novel can be understood from a new perspective. In addition, the alienation in the novel is also the epitome of the alienation in the real world, reflecting the alienation phenomenon which exists among people universally. And the analysis of the ways to sane life is conducive to getting rid of the alienation among people. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stickelmann, Bernd T1 - Vermummte Aufklärung. Gedichte JF - Latenz - Journal für Philosophie und Gesellschaft, Vol. 4: Der künstliche Mensch, Mössingen (Talheimer Verlag) 2010, pp. 81-96. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Strohmeyer, Arn T1 - Der Kampf um die Wahrheit. Israels Politik gegenüber den Palästinensern aus Sicht der Psychoanalyse (= Beiträge zur Internationalen Politik 14), Herne (Gabriele Schäfer Verlag) 2019, 220 pp. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strohmeyer, Arn T1 - Erich Fromm - Humanität aus den Wurzeln des Judentums JF - A. Strohmeyer: Der Kampf um die Wahrheit. Israels Politik gegenüber den Palästinensern aus Sicht der Psychoanalyse (= Beiträge zur Internationalen Politik 14), Herne (Gabriele Schäfer Verlag) 2019, pp. 46-60. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sui, Lei T1 - Morbid Or Healthy? – Fromm's Theory of Alienation of Humanity, >Love, Again< [病态还是健康? – 弗洛姆人性异化理论解读《又来了,爱情》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 多丽丝•莱辛是文学史上第十一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的女作家,被誉为继伍尔芙之后最伟大的女性作家。《又来了,爱情》是莱辛的一部晚年力作。小说分别讲述了殖民地时期黑人奴隶的私生子朱莉与贵族子弟以及年迈的现代白种女人萨拉与年轻男子的爱情故事。两位女性博学多才,坚强独立,却因为种族歧视、道德偏见和等级观念等社会问题而被剥夺了爱的权利。莱辛借此抨击了当时社会存在的不公平现象,呼吁以爱为纽带缔结人与人之间真正的平等。弗洛姆的人性异化理论包括权威主义、数量化和抽象化的价值观、以及爱的能动性的缺乏三个方面。匿名权威伪装成普遍常识和公众舆论,使个人服从社会舆论和道德良知,消除了人的创造性,剥夺了人的自由,危害了人的全面发展。资本主义经济色迅速发展,其重要特点就是数量化和抽象化。人们生活的中心就是对金钱、权力、荣誉的无止境的追求,从而丧失了人的意义。现代社会人际关系冷漠无情,相互排挤,缺乏能动性的爱,无论是夫妻之情还是同胞之爱都缺乏真情实意。本文从权威主义对人性的压迫、数量化和抽象化的价值观对人性的扭曲,以及爱的能动性的缺失导致的人性冷漠三个角度出发,对《又来了,爱情》一书中不同历史时期不同人物在异化的社会中所产生的异化现象进行解读。本文通过对《又来了,爱情》中异化现象的分析,旨在探寻导致资本主义社会人性异化的原因,以及男女主人公是如何通过发挥自身潜能减轻甚至消除异化的,警示我们只有发挥理性认识和创造性思维、选择强调存在的生活方式、培养创造性的爱和人道主义良心,才能保持个人人格的健康发展,创建一个和谐稳定的社会。 N2 - Doris Lessing is the eleventh female writer in the history of literature who won the Nobel Prize and is regarded as the greatest female writer after Woolf.>Love, Again< is one of Lessing’s masterpieces when she was old. The novel tells the love stories of Julie, the illegitimate daughter of black slave in colonial times, with the noblemen, as well as Sarah, an elderly modern white woman, with several young men. The two women were knowledgeable and independent, but they were deprived of their right to love because of social problems such as racial discrimination, moral prejudice and hierarchy. Lessing attacked the unfairness in the society at that time and called for love as a link to establish real equality between people. Fromm’s theory of human alienation includes three aspects: authoritarianism, quantitative and abstractive values, and the lack of initiative of love. Anonymous authority disguises itself as general knowledge and public opinion, makes individuals obey social public opinion and moral conscience, eliminates human’s creativity, deprives human’s freedom and endangers human’ s all-round development. With the rapid development of capitalist economy, its important characteristics are quantification and abstraction. The center of people’s life is the endless pursuit of money, power and honor, thus losing the meaning of human beings. In modern society, the interpersonal relationship is cold and indifferent, and lacks intiative of love. No matter the love between husband and wife or the love between compatriots, there is a lack of true feelings and sincerity. From the perspectives of the repression of human nature by authoritarianism, the distortion of human nature by quantification and abstraction, and the indifference of human nature by lacking initiative of love, this paper aims to interpret the alienation phenomenon of different characters in different historical periods in alienated society in >Love, Again<. Through the analysis of alienation phenomena in >Love, Again<, this paper aims at exploring the causes of alienation in capitalist society, and how the heroes and heroines alleviate or even eliminate alienation by exerting their own potentials, warning us that only by exerting rational cognition and creative thinking, choosing a lifestyle that emphasizing existence, fostering creative love and a humanitarian conscience, can we maintain the healthy development of individual personality and create a harmonious and stable society. [Authors translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm’s understanding of the Buddhist philosophical theory and psychoanalysis: From the phenomenal ego to the authentic being JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 050-061. N2 - Erich Fromm was one of the first psychoanalytic thinkers who was genuinely interested in Asian philosophies. In the first part of this article, I will show Fromm’s imago of Buddhism as a radical, nontheistic, and ethical philosophy >without God.< I will argue that Fromm made an important difference between the phenomenal ego and being that proves crucial for his understanding of psychoanalysis and his critique of modern society. I will also explore Fromm’s synthesis of Buddhist philosophy and psychoanalysis, and show the similarities and differences between them. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Jianli A1 - Wang, Ping T1 - On Fromm's Psychological Mechanism of Avoiding Freedom [论弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制] JF - Journal of Mudanjiang University [牡丹江大学学报], No. 8 (2019), pp. 1-5. N2 - 人类的自由程度几乎成为制约现代文明发展及社会稳定的重要因素。人的个性及人格的独一无二性构成社会发展的潜在威胁,对人类性格结构的分析是我们全面把握自由之定义的首要步骤。因此,弗洛姆关注人的个性结构发展,力图从中寻求解决社会潜在危机的方法。通过对弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制的详细剖析,在批判西方资本主义社会弊端的基础上,联系现阶段社会发展实际来探求实现个体积极自由的途径,以促进社会的积极健康发展。 N2 - The degree of human freedom has almost become an important factor restricting the development of modern civilization and social stability. The uniqueness of human personality and personality constitutes a potential threat to social development. The analysis of human personality structure is the first step in our comprehensive grasp of the definition of freedom. Therefore, Fromm pays attention to the development of human personality structure and tries to find a way to solve the potential crisis of society. Through a detailed analysis of Fromm's psychological mechanism of escaping freedom, on the basis of criticizing the malpractices of Western capitalist society, and linking with the current social development reality to explore ways to achieve individual positive freedom, to promote the active and healthy development of society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Chengcheng A1 - Lue, Huang T1 - Not Crazy, Not Live – A Study of Li Bihua's >Big Farewell< and >Dumpling< from the Perspective of Psychology [>不疯魔,不成活<——心理学视角下李碧华《霸王别姬》和《饺子》的>异化<问题研究] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Culture and Education Materials [文教资料], No. 10 (2019), pp. 13-15. N2 - 本文从心理学角度出发,以李碧华小说《霸王别姬》和《饺子》中的>异化<人物——程蝶衣和艾菁菁为研究对象,运用弗洛姆的性格理论对比分析人物形象的异化类型;运用弗洛伊德的人格理论、皮亚杰的适应理论和构建学说,以及部分社会心理学知识,分析二者异化的渐进阶段和产生原因;透过小说的文本层,揭示李碧华作品中包含的>心<的残忍与人的温情的内在含义,挖掘李碧华对读者,尤其是女性读者的人生关怀。 N2 - From the perspective of psychology, this thesis takes the >alienation< characters in Li Bihua's novels >Farewell My Concubine< and >Dumplings< - Cheng Dieyi and Ai Jingjing as the research object, using Fromm's personality theory to compare Analyze the alienation type of character image; use Freud's personality theory, Piaget's adaptation theory and construction theory, and some social psychology knowledge to analyze the gradual stage and cause of the alienation; through the text layer of the novel It reveals the cruelty of >heart< contained in Li Bihua's works and the inner meaning of human warmth, and explores Li Bihua's concern for readers, especially female readers. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Huawei T1 - Xi Jinping's New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the Exploration of Students' Mind – Based on Fromm's Belief Theory [习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进学生头脑路向探赜——基于弗洛姆信仰理论的视角] JF - Journal of Dali University [大理大学学报], No. 7 (2019), pp. 37-42. N2 - 党的十九大以来,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想>三进<工作成为我国高校思想政治工作的重要内容和首要任务。随着习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进学生教材、学生课堂的问题解决,进学生头脑就成为高校必须着力解决好的重大课题。从弗洛姆信仰理论的视角,考察习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进学生头脑的信仰问题,剖析当前现状及学生抵牾原因,提出通过开悟信仰主体、培育信仰行为、认同信仰对象,促使学生信仰认同增进、信仰理性自觉、信仰价值回归,以期实现习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进学生头脑的目标旨向。 N2 - Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping's work of >three advances< in socialism with Chinese characteristics has become an important content and primary task of ideological and political work in China's colleges and universities. With Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the students' textbooks and students' classroom problems, entering the students' minds has become a major issue that must be addressed by colleges and universities. From the perspective of Fromm's belief theory, this paper examines the beliefs of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the students' minds, analyzes the current situation and the reasons for students' arrival, and proposes to enlighten students by enlightening the subject of belief, cultivating beliefs, and identifying objects of belief. Faith identification, religious rationality, and belief value return, in order to realize the goal of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the students' mind. [Automatic translation]. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jue, Jing T1 - Analysis of the Phenomenon of >escape from freedom< in Contemporary Universities [当代大学>逃避自由<现象分析] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青年], No. 13 (2019), p. 286. N2 - 当代大学生在脱离了家庭的约束来到自由的大学生活后,感觉到内心的孤独感和无能为力感的加深,导致他们产生了>逃避自由<的这种心理现象。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》一书中深刻的分析了>逃避自由<这种心理现象的原因。 N2 - After coming out of a free university life, contemporary college students feel the feeling of loneliness and incompetence in their hearts, which leads to the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom<. In the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm profoundly analyzed the reason of the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Chengcheng T1 - The Puppet Under the Control of the Desire Machine – The Alienation of Humanity in >The Trojan Winner< [欲望机器操纵下的木偶——《木马赢家》中人性的异化] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 9 (2019), pp. 111, 110. N2 - 《木马赢家》作为戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯晚年的短篇小说之一,探讨了劳伦斯所关注的人与人之间的关系,从侧面反映出西方工业文明社会下,金钱对人性的蚕食与扭曲。本文结合埃利希•弗洛姆的异化理论,从>异化<这个角度分析《木马赢家》中人性异化的体现,探讨其根源。揭示金钱诱惑下血亲的畸形和扭曲金钱观的变态以及此短篇小说对现代人的启示。 N2 - As one of the short stories of David Herbert Lawrence in his later years, >The Trojan Winner< explores the relationship between Lawrence and the people, which reflect the money in the Western industrial civilization and encroachment and distortion of human nature. Based on the theory of alienation of Ehrlich Fromm, this paper analyzes the embodiment of human alienation in >The Trojan Winner< from the perspective of >alienation< and explores its roots. This short story reveals the abnormality of blood relatives under the temptation of money and the perversion of the distorted view of money to modern people. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Qiuyao T1 - A Study of the Theme of Alienation in McEwan’s >Solar< [麦克尤恩《追日》的异化主题研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩是英国当代最著名的作家之一。他的作品以揭露社会现实和人类的伦理困境 而 著 称 并 受 到 高 度 重 视。其于2010年发表的《追日》以全球变暖为背景, 吸引了来自世界各地读者的关注。麦克尤恩在这部作品中将全球关注的气候变化问题与人们的道德困境相结合, 反映了当代社会存在的生态和人文危机。以往对《追日》的研究主要集中在生态主义和伦理学方面。相比之下, 人们对这部小说异化主题的研究 则显得不够充分。本文以弗洛姆和马尔库塞的相关异化理论为基础来阐述小说中的异化主题。文章主要 从三个方 面 来 分析小说中 的异化主题:人的自我异化, 人与人关系的异化和人与自然关系的异化。本论文由三部分组成。第一章主要概括并介绍了作者伊恩麦克尤恩及其作品、《追日》的文献综述、异化理论及中心论点、研究方法和研究意义。正文分为四章包括第二章、第三章、第四章和第五章。第二章分析了人的自我异化主要表现为情感麻木和信仰的缺失。第三章阐释小说中人 与 人关系的异化主要 体现在两个方面:不和谐的家庭关系和扭曲的工作关系。第四章通过人对科技的过度依赖和对自然环境的破坏 两 方 面阐述了人与自然关系的异化。第五章总结了当代人的过度贪婪, 父权制社会的根深蒂固和人类中心主义的盛行是导致《追日》中异化问题的主要原因。第六章为结论。本论文最后得出结论, 异化这一主题贯穿于整部小说。当今社会, 人们不断增加的贪欲使其成为一个失去情感和信仰的物质化存在。异化了的人际关系和人与自然的关系也反映了父权主义和人类中心主义的根深蒂固。本文同时也表达了对人们生活现状的关注并呼吁人类对自己的行为进行深刻的反思。 N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary British literature. His works are known and highly valued for exposing social realities and ethical dilemma of men. Published in 2010, Solar set in the global warming attracts the attention of readers around the world. McEwan in Solar combines the global concern of climate change with moral issues, revealing both ecological and humanistic crisis in today’s society. Previous studies on Solar mostly apply the perspectives and theories of ecologism and ethics. By contrast, studies on the theme of alienation in this novel appear insufficient. This thesis deals with the theme of alienation in Solar based on Fromm and Marcuse’s alienation theories. It discusses and analyses the topic from three aspects: alienation between man and himself, alienation between man and man and alienation between man and nature. This thesis consists of three parts. Chapter One gives an introduction to Ian McEwan and his works, sorts out literature review of Solar, generalizes the alienation theory and the argument, research methods and significance of the study. The main body of the thesis is made up of four chapters including Chapter Two, Chapter Three, Chapter Four and Chapter Five.– Chapter Two analyzes man’s self-alienation which manifests in the emotional numbness and loss of faith.– Chapter Three elaborates alienation in personal relationships from two aspects: disharmonious family relationship and distorted working relationship.– Chapter Four expounds alienation between man and nature including human’s over-reliance on science and technology and destruction of the environment. Chapter Five summarizes that excessive greed of modern man, dominance of patriarchalism and prevalence of anthropocentrism are the main causes of alienation in Solar.– Chapter Six is the conclusion. This thesis draws the conclusion that the theme of alienation runs through the whole novel. Nowadays, the increasing greed has made man a materialized existence that loses emotion and faith. The alienated personal relationships and relationship between man and nature reveal the entrenched patriarchy and anthropocentrism. This thesis also shows its concern for men’s current living conditions and calls for deep reflection of men’s behaviors. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, Yuheng T1 - Über Fromms Freiheitsidial [浅谈弗洛姆的自由理想] JF - Shanxi Youth [山西青年], No. 19 (2019).. N2 - 对西方人文主义马克思主义的研究仍然是当前哲学界的热点和焦点。作为西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的重要代表,埃里希•弗洛姆从人格结构和社会心理机制的角度批判了现代人的自由困境。在丰富和发展马克思主义人文主义的同时,也为我们全面深刻地理解20世纪人类文化的演变提供了典型的范例。本文从弗洛姆精神分析的心理学角度分析弗洛姆人本主义自由思想对于西方资本主义社会中人的把握,以及对于自由产生孤立的两种选择。弗洛姆的自由主义思想建立在马克思的异化理论基础之上,是马克思人本主义的丰富和发展。它所倡导的积极自由的思想对当今社会有着非常深刻的借鉴。 N2 - The study of Western humanistic Marxism is still the hotspot and focus of the current philosophical circles. As an important representative of the Western Marxist Frankfurt School, Erich Fromm criticized the modern people's free predicament from the perspective of personality structure and social psychological mechanism. While enriching and developing Marxist humanism, it also provides a typical example for us to comprehensively and profoundly understand the evolution of human culture in the 20th century. This paper analyzes Fromm's psychological analysis of the psychology of Fromm's humanistic freedom to grasp the people in the Western capitalist society and the two choices for freedom. Fromm's liberalism is based on Marx's theory of alienation and is the enrichment and development of Marx's humanism. The positive and freedom thoughts it advocates have a very deep reference for today's society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mo, Chuanyu T1 - Literature Psychology of Vladimir Nabokov Research [弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫文学心理学思想研究], Doctoral dissertation, Basic Psycholog, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 纳博科夫文学心理学是近几年文学研究的新领域。纳博科夫认为弗洛伊德的精神分析荼毒了人类的精神世界、抹杀了人们的想象力,他所评析的艺术必定存在性象征,所讨论的话题永远离不开作家的儿时情结,是个庸俗、非理性、不懂美学的>维也纳巫医<。纳博科夫常在他的小说中以弗洛伊德理论为诙谐模仿对象,导致他笔下的人物多呈现性格执拗、极端处事、非常态化的心理特点,他的小说也因此被文学评论界评为>心理学小说<。本次研究试图结合作家的文体风格、故事情节、人物性格以及作家在访谈中有关批判弗洛伊德的精神分析部分,从镜像>主-客体<理论、两性图腾、力比多能量等视角,以思辩性理论为主,实证性质性工具为辅,分析作者诙谐模仿精神分析的用意。通过对纳博科夫长篇小说运用澳洲公司所开发的质性研究软件Nvivo8.0编码归类,总结作者所著的小说里持有的心理学观点主要集中在>存在、时间、记忆、梦、性、爱情<这六项心理学主题。另外,作者所运用的文体技法也巧妙的将这六项主题融汇其中,使作品传递的思想更加多元。本次研究基于理论思辩的基础可知,作家的意识并非等同故事中>我<的意识。拉康学派的>镜象<理论充分在纳博科夫所塑造的双重>我<中得到证明;纳博科夫所持有的>双重世界<概念,也在每部小说的心理学主题上得到呈现。进一步采用质性研究工具比较心理学理论与小说情结核心观,发现二者观点并非完全一致,深入分析可知纳博科夫文学所蕴藏的心理学思想分别有:存在主题:拉康的主-客体>镜象<理论成为纳博科夫>双重世界<观的基础,它所表现的游戏思维模式隐藏这样一条法则,即>主-客体<意识的所占比例与自我认知、行为、性格息息相关。时间主题:分别以实验心理学、现象心理学理论为依据,阐明时间存有两种特性。动态性时间与个体的有意注意、直接经验有关;静态性时间与个体意识所处的客体空间属性有关。记忆主题:以弗洛伊德精神分析引论为基础,对于主体而言,个体意识流的运作与记忆属性有关;对于客体而言,记忆瞬间的储存模式与欲望下的功利主义有关。梦主题:以精神分析拉康>镜象<理论为基础,弗洛姆的人本主义为目标,阐述梦的产生机制,即主体意识与客体环境通过无目的的组织、重构,最后帮助个体更好的认识自我,实现人类的社会属性,区别于自然界的动物属性。性主题:将精神分析、进化心理学作为依据,阐述主-客体意识在两性关系中所起到的作用。对于主体意识而言,自然造就个体适应群体的>性<繁衍法则;对于客体意识来说,性适配器在一定程度上可改变两性关系的所属地位。爱情主题:继性章节理论为前提,分析主体意识在两性关系所起的作用,实乃>自私<的物质之爱;客体意识在两性关系所起的功能,是伴有>利他<主义、情感、能量协调的精神之爱。而主体意识与客体意识共同结合而形成的意志之爱,则是纳博科夫最为称赞的崇高之爱。总结,纳博科夫所主张的文学宗旨是具有>镜像<般的现象学,及精神分析学派所主张的内省意识观意义,它们分别在>主体<与>客体<的意识中发挥作用。纳博科夫小说所隐藏的六个心理学主题思想,其理论分别涵盖了精神分析学、现象心理学派和人本主义心理学,为作者所坚持的>双重世界<观,即>主-客体<的意识奠定基础,同时也预示作者所想表达的>棱镜<艺术意义。此次研究所采取的一系列方法,也为今后的文学诠释学提供借鉴,对今后研究纳博科夫文学、作家心理学思想提供宝贵的理论依据。 N2 - Nabokov Literary Psychology is the research of Nabokov’s novel based on the research content of psychology and it has risen in recent years. Nabokov often criticizes psychoanalyst Freud in disguised way in his works and he believes that Freud poisons the human spiritual world and obliterates people’s imagination. The analysis of Freud’s commented on is always bound to sexual symbols, and the topics he discussed can never be separated from the writer’s childhood complex. He is a vulgar, irrational and unaesthetic >Witch Doctor in Vienna<. In summary, that makes on Nabokov’s works are mostly the souls of stubborn personality, extreme behavior and split personality, so his works are also regarded as >psychological novels<. The primary research method of this paper is the theoretical basis of speculation, and the secondary is qualitative tools of empirical. To analyze the psychological viewpoints of Nabokov, It mainly combines the writer’s style, story plot and the criticize part of Freud psychoanalysis in the interview biography. It tries to reveal the purest personality traits of human soul from the perspective of mirror theory and mysterious figure vines and defined libido as the instinct energy or force in the novel. a literary master who likes to set up a trap in his works and to provide some valuable reference for the follow-up study of Nabokov’s literature. Nabokov’s >double world< is the core concept of his works. We can see that Nabokov has hidden his point of views on the psychological themes of individual >existence, time, memory, dream, sex and love<, through the analysis of all Nabokov’s works with qualitative tools of psychological themes. at the same time makes a study more diverse perspectives. In view of the reasonableness and debates, writer’s consciousness is not equal to the consciousness of >I< in his works based on psychology of literature. The >mirror image theory< of Lacan School fully plays a role in this dual >I< consciousness. Further analysis of the plot structure of the novel makes this double psychological standard more obvious. But the concepts elaborated by qualitative tools are not entirely consistent with those reflected in novel complex. Because the complex writing style and disguise of author will blur the core value of the novel. Specific analysis of six psychological themes shows that: Chapter of Existence: The >mirror image theory< of Lacan’s subject and object has become the basis of Nabokov’s >double world view<. It summarizes the different percentages of >subject-object< consciousness through game thinking pattern, which will show different cognitive, behavioral and personality.– Chapter of Time: It shows that there are two features of time, based on the theory of experimental psychology and phenomenological psychology respectively. Dynamic time is related to the direct experience of individual conscious attention. Static time is related to the spatial attributes of the object in which individual consciousness is located.– Chapter of Memory: According to Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, for the subject, stream of consciousness makes memory present a dynamic fantasy style; for the object, the instantaneous storage mode of things is just for static utilitarian efficiency.– Chapter of Dream: Taking Lacan’s psychoanalysis of >Mirror Image Theory< as the basis and taking Fromm’s humanism as the goal, the generation of dreams is to organize and reconstruct the subjective consciousness and the objective environment aimlessly, so as to help individuals better understand themselves and then combine the animality and sociality of human beings perfectly.– Chapter of Sex: It describes that the role of subject and object consciousness in sexual relations is played, based on psychoanalysis and evolutionary psychology. From the perspective of subjective consciousness, the adaptive principle of sexual reproduction is naturally created; from the perspective of objective consciousness, sexual adapters can change the status of gender relations to a certain extent.– Chapter of Love: Again, based on theory of the Sex chapter It describes that the combination of the two sexes which were centered on the subject consciousness is the material love of selfishness; on the opposite, the combination of the two sexes based on the object’s altruism is the spiritual love of the coordination of emotion and energy. The combination of the sexes based on the object’s altruism is the spiritual love of the coordination of emotion and energy. The love of will which is the combination of subject and object is a lofty love that Nabokov most praised. Generally speaking, the literary purpose claimed by Nabokov is to have the phenomenological significance of >mirror image< and to play their respective roles in the consciousness of >subject< and >object<. These theories of six psychological themes include Psychoanalysis, Phenomenology and Humanism. It could be argued that Nabokov’s consciousness of >subject-object< in his view of >double world< laid the foundation for his >prism< art, as well as incubate a better positive attitude of the human mind. The research methods adopted literary hermeneutics and theoretical basis for Nabokov’s literary psychology for future. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qi, Ziyue T1 - On Fromm’s Thought of Freedom [弗洛姆自由思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China 2019. N2 - 埃利希·弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、哲学家和社会学家。弗洛姆以>渴望自由是人与生俱来的机制吗<为研究起点, 探讨人性与自由的关系, 揭示了人之自由困境的成因。他通过对各个历史阶段人们自由程度的分析, 提出了在资本主义社会阶段人们>逃避自由<这个命题。为什么追求自由的人们最后走向逃避自由?这是我们研究弗洛姆自由思想最重要的抓手。此外, 弗洛姆将精神分析纳入社会领域, 从心理学视角解释人的异化尤其是资本主义社会的异化;他以人格的全面发展为目标, 倡导建立健全的社会。这些都使得弗洛姆的自由思想具有不可替代的意义。笔者通过对弗洛姆的思想进行整合和梳理, 在前人研究的基础上, 进一步丰富和完善对弗洛姆自由思想的解读, 通过其对自由的独到和深刻见解, 为我们对自由问题的研究提供了新的视野。与此同时, 对弗洛姆自由理论的研究还能够对于我们认识和解决社会经济快速发展带来的一系列问题具有重要的借鉴意义。本论文具体研究架构如下。第一部分, 主要介绍弗洛姆自由思想产生的思想渊源。通过结合弗洛姆的个人经历与历史背景, 以犹太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以及马克思主义有关劳动异化的相关理论为切入点探讨弗洛姆自由观的思想渊源。第二部分, 主要介绍了弗洛姆有关自由之困境的思想。分别从人的个体化进程、人的需要和人的性格结构三个方面进行整体分析, 借助精神分析的相关理论, 探索个体现实困境与自由的关系, 揭示人性和自由的内在联系, 从而进一步探求逃避自由的深层原因。第三部分, 主要针对弗洛姆的自由思想进行详细阐述。结合国内国外的相关研究, 按照从自由的界定、逃避自由和实现积极自由的路径探讨的顺序逐步深入, 进一步突出弗洛姆自由观的合理性和深刻性。第四部分, 对全文内容进行总结, 并阐述本人对弗洛姆的自由观理论的的认识, 给予其自由思想以客观评价, 突出其时代地位和独创性特征。 N2 - Erich Fromm was a famous psychologist, philosopher and sociologist in the 20th century. Fromm took >is the desire for freedom the innate mechanism of human beings< as the starting point, explored the relationship between human nature and freedom, and revealed the cause of the dilemma of human freedom. By analyzing the degree of people’s freedom in various historical stages, he puts forward the proposition that people >escape from freedom< in capitalist society. Why do people who pursue freedom end up running away from it? This is the most important starting point for our study of Fromm’s free thought. On the basis of fully embodying the social materialistic view of practice, Fromm has incorporated psychoanalysis into the social field, explaining the alienation of human beings and the alienation of capitalist society from a psychological perspective. He advocates the establishment of a sound society with the goal of comprehensive development of personality. All of these make Fromm’s free thoughts irreplaceable. Through the integration and combing of Fromm’s thoughts, the author further enriches and perfects the interpretation of Fromm’s free thoughts on the basis of previous studies. This thesis will start from the two aspects of Fromm’s humanistic thoughts and free thoughts, and profoundly discuss his free thoughts as the highest point of his ideological system. The specific research structure is as follows: The first part mainly introduces the origin of the thoughts generated by Fromm’s free thought. By combining Fromm’s personal experience and historical background, the Jewish salvation thought, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Marxist related theory of labor alienation are used as the starting point to explore the origin of Fromm’s concept of freedom. The second part mainly introduces Fromm’s thoughts on human studies. Based on the individualized process of human beings, human needs and human personality structure, the author analyzes the relationship between individual reality and freedom and explores the inner relationship between individual reality and freedom. The underlying reason for escaping freedom. The third part mainly elaborates on Fromm’s thought of freedom. Combining domestic and foreign related research, step by step in the order of freedom from definition, escaping freedom and realizing positive freedom, further highlighting the rationality and profoundness of Fromm’s concept of freedom. The fourth part summarizes the content of the full text and expounds his understanding of the theoretical significance of Fromm’s concept of freedom, giving his free thought an objective evaluation, highlighting his status and originality. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ratner, Carl A1 - Song, Qun T1 - The Universalization of Contemporary Social Pathology: Comparison between a Biomedical, a Cultural-Political and a Liberal-Humanistic-Postmodernist Perspective [当代社会病态的普遍化——基于生物医学、文化政治、自由主义——人文主义——后现代主义三种模式的比较分析] JF - Research on Marxist Culture [马克思主义文化研究], No.2 (2019), pp. 135-155. N2 - 这篇文章力图把>当代病态<这一议题做一个需要解决的问题,并尝试清楚地阐释它。我阐述了一个文化政治模式,即(a)为什么病态以多种形式,并广泛存在于社会各个领域,(b)如何干预泛滥的病态,并最终根除它。此模式借鉴了埃里克·弗洛姆的工作成果,他阐明:在许多或大多数社会里,病态是如何成为正常社会的,心理的活动的特征的。这篇文章还讨论了两种流行病态模式,它们误解病态,非正确,因而不能纠正、根除或预防病态。第一种错误解释病态的是标准生物医学模式。第二种错误解释病态的是自由主义—人文主义和后现代主义的模式,它否认所有病态,并坚持认为所有行为包括病态是个体选择和主动性的积极表现,必须得到确认和接受,而不是纠正。 N2 - This essay seeks to make the topic of >contemporary pathologies<, a problem that needs to be addressed and attempts to articulate it clearly. I set out a cultural-political model of (a) why pathology takes many forms and is widespread in all areas of society, and (b) how to intervene in the proliferation of pathology and ultimately eradicate it. The model draws on the work of Eric Fromm, who illustrates how pathology is a feature of normal social, psychological activity in many or most societies. The article also discusses two popular models of pathology that misinterpret pathology, are incorrect, and therefore fail to correct, eradicate or prevent it. The first misinterpretation of pathology is the standard biomedical model. The second misinterpretation of pathology is the liberal-humanist and postmodernist model, which denies all pathology and insists that all behavior, including pathology, is a positive expression of individual choice and initiative that must be recognized and accepted, not corrected. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Jinying T1 - Modern Man’s Existence Predicament in the Entropic Society – >The Crying of Lot 49< as an Example [熵化社会中现代人的生存困境研究 - 以《拍卖第49批》为例], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 托马斯·品钦是当代美国文坛最著名的后现代作家之一。他的作品以奇谲诡异的构思、百科全书式的叙述、神秘怪诞的情节和富含哲理的隐喻而著称,颇具影响力。《拍卖第49批》是品钦的第二部小说,虽是他所有长篇小说中篇幅最短的,却有着>体小而才华横溢<的美称。小说围绕一位受过高等教育的年轻太太(奥狄芭·马斯)追寻神秘组织特里斯特罗的故事而展开。该小说自问世以来就引起了批评界的广泛关注,并在1967年获得由全国文学艺术学会颁发的>理查德与希尔达·罗森塞尔基金奖<。这部小说写于20世纪60年代,是美国历史上政治和社会最动荡的10年。在此期间,毒品文化兴起,越南战争,摇滚革命同时爆发。这也是约翰·F·肯尼迪和马丁·路德·金被暗杀、各种民权运动以及女权运动突起的时期。这部小说充分展现了这场文化运动,描绘了一个碎片化的社会。《拍卖第49批》弥漫着一种无处不在的文化混乱感,生动地描绘了当时美国文化和社会的方方面面。本论文将结合熵定律,并借用弗洛姆的相关理论,探讨《拍卖第49批》的现实意义和独特价值,揭示品钦小说所反映的后现代熵化社会中人类的生存困境。本文首先是分析文中后现代熵化社会的特征,如支离破碎的亚文化,扭曲的信息传递和无效的交流系统,病态混乱的美国社会。其次是分析文中人物所遇到的生存困境,主要是人的异化和物化,情感的孤独,真爱的缺失,自我身份认同的焦虑。然后分析品钦给出的解决方案以及他提出的社会改良政策,包括追寻的意义,交流的重要性。最终得出结论,品钦带着强烈的人文关怀,揭示了社会的熵化现状和现代人的生存困境,从侧面反映出他对极权的蔑视、对现实的关注和对人类终极命运的思考. N2 - Thomas Pynchon is one of the most celebrated postmodern writers in contemporary American literature. His influential works are known for their strange and bizarre ideas, encyclopaedic narratives, mysterious and grotesque plots and philosophical metaphors. >The Crying of Lot 49<, Pynchon's second novel, is the shortest of his full-length novels, but is known for its >small size and brilliance<. It centers on a young, highly educated wife (Oedipa Mass) who is on the trail of the mysterious organization Tristero. It has attracted much critical attention since its publication and was awarded the >Richard and Hilda Rosenthal Foundation Award< by the National Academy of Arts and Letters in 1967. The novel was written in the 1960s, one of the most politically and socially turbulent decades in American history. During this time, the drug culture was on the rise, the Vietnam War and the Rock and Roll Revolution were all happening at the same time. It was also a time of the assassinations of John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King, and the rise of various civil rights and feminist movements. This novel illustrates this cultural movement to its fullest extent and depicts a fragmented society. A sense of pervasive cultural chaos pervades >The Crying of Lot 49<, which vividly portrays all aspects of American culture and society at the time. This thesis will explore the relevance and unique value of >The Crying of Lot 49< in the context of the law of entropy and Fromm's related theories, revealing the plight of human existence in the postmodern entropic society reflected in Pynchon's novel. The paper begins with an analysis of the characteristics of the postmodern entropic society in the text, such as the fragmented subculture, the distorted information transmission and ineffective communication system, and the pathological and chaotic American society. Secondly, it analyses the existential dilemmas encountered by the characters in the text, mainly the alienation and objectification of human beings, emotional loneliness, the lack of true love, and the anxiety of self-identity. This is followed by an analysis of the solutions offered by Pynchon and the policies he proposes for social improvement, including the meaning of searching and the importance of communication. It is concluded that Pynchon, with his strong humanistic concern, reveals the entropic state of society and the plight of modern man, reflecting from the side his contempt for totalitarianism, his concern for reality and his thoughts on the ultimate destiny of mankind. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlecht, Karl A1 - Bitzer, Melanie T1 - Interview von Melanie Bitzer mit mit Karl Schlecht JF - M. Hosang (Ed.), Die Kunst des Liebens im Tun. Warum und wie UnternehmerIinnen die Welt verändern, Vorabdruck einer durch die Karl Sschlecht Stiftung geförderten Untersuchen, Berlin (Pikik-Verlag) 2019, pp. 231-241., Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm's psychoanalytic theory and his understanding of the psychotherapeutic practice: existential, relational and social dimension of the psychotherapeutic work. Typescript 2019, 34 pp. N2 - In this article we will explore three important themes: (1) Fromm's anti-objectivistic perspective which stands for the idea that the other Being should not become an object in analysis; (2) the central idea of the relatedness and the relational dimension in the psychotherapeutic practice; (3) in the last part we will analyze the existential-ontological level which is manifested in analysis. We will focus our attention on the different ways in which Fromm as a psychoanalytic thinker, social critic and humanist can help the therapists to include the existential and social dimension in the psychotherapeutic work. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yao, Xuemei T1 - Research on the Improvement of Rural Teachers’ Survival Circumstance in Absolute Poverty-stricken Areas [深度贫困地区乡村教师生存境遇改善研究], Principles of Education, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China 2019. N2 - 2018年教育部联合国务院扶贫办印发了《深度贫困地区教育脱贫攻坚实施方案(2018-2020年)》(以下简称>方案<),方案进一步聚焦深度贫困地区的教育扶贫,力图用三年时间确保深度贫困地区如期完成>发展教育脱贫一批<任务。其中明确提出要加强乡村教师队伍建设,特别强调了>三区三州<乡村教师生活补助政策的落实,达到稳定和吸引优秀人才长期在乡村学校任教目的。尽管国家大力保障贫困地区乡村教师生存,但深度贫困地区的乡村教师在物质需要、精神需要及职业需要等生存境遇方面仍存在亟需解决的问题。本研究基于深度贫困地区乡村教师生存境遇的问题,选取了云南省怒江傈僳族自治州(以下简称>怒江州<)的贫困且是多民族聚居的F县为调研点。乡村教师对乡村教育的发展起着重要作用,云南省怒江州乡村教师生存境遇直接关系该州乡村教育的稳步发展。本文对怒江州F县乡村教师进行观察与深度访谈,借鉴弗洛姆对人的生存境遇的理论探讨,根据弗洛姆对人的生存需要分类,从调研实际出发,归纳概括为物质需要、精神需要、职业需要三方面以分析乡村教师生存需要。具体内容包括工资福利、住房交通、婚姻与工作、身体健康、工作压力、职业成就感、社会地位等七维度。在访谈与观察中发现,乡村教师在生存需要上依然存在问题亟待解决,且生存矛盾逐渐凸显。首先,深度贫困地区乡村教师的物质条件还比较差;其次,深度贫困地区乡村教师精神需要尚未满足;第三,深度贫困地区乡村教师职业选择自由缺失。此外,生存需要不满足导致了深度贫困地区乡村教师的生存矛盾问题凸显:工资待遇与当地公务员存在较大差距、福利津贴仍待进一步改善、身心健康尚未得到足够关注;在工作、社会地位、自我提升方面,当地的教师编制仍沿用旧时编制造成乡村教师工作负担重,且职称评聘尚未充分提升教师积极性,乡村教师社会地位较低等现象。以及工作时间长、工作负担重,教学压力大等问题依旧存在。另外,部分乡村教师存在职业成就感较低、自我意识比较弱、自我认同感不足等问题。弗洛姆认为要满足人的生存需要及解决人的生存困境,需要从人在生物学上的弱点、人>历史的二歧<和人>生存的二歧<三方面分析,回归到社会、经济、文化三者对人生存境遇的影响进行阐释。因此,本研究通过对怒江州地理环境的观察,傈僳族作为主体民族的民族历史文化追溯,怒江州乡村教师自我意识的探究,分析影响深度贫困地区乡村教师生存境遇的因素:第一,作为深度贫困地区的怒江州,其恶劣的自然地理环境、缓慢发展的经济环境影响乡村教师物质需要包括生存条件、工资福利等的满足;第二,多民族聚居地的民族文化环境影响乡村教师精神需要的获得;第三,长期处于封闭环境导致怒江州乡村教师自我意识弱,自我更新、自我提升等认识不够。以上诸多原因共同影响了乡村教师的生存境遇。基于以上对怒江州乡村教师生存境遇存在问题与影响因素的分析,本文提出改善深度贫困地区乡村教师生存境遇的措施:首先,加强政策倾斜。从政策、制度层面提供保障,保障乡村教师应有权益。其次,促进深度贫困地区文化建设。建设乡村文化、吸纳民族优秀传统文化,丰富乡村教师的工作与生活。第三,给予经济支持。努力缩小乡村教师与当地公务员的工资差距,并适当增加乡村教师福利。此外,给予深度贫困地区乡村教师爱的关注,积极促进乡村教师建立与他人、与外部环境联系,以提升乡村教师自我意识。最后,深度贫困地区的乡村学校在管理中应加强对教师的人文关怀。 N2 - In 2018, the Ministry of Education and the State Council Office of Poverty Alleviation issued the >Implementation Plan for Poverty Alleviation in Poverty-stricken Areas (2018-2020)< (hereinafter referred to as the >Program<). The program further focused on education poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas, and tried to ensure it in three years. Deep poverty-stricken areas completed the task of developing education to get rid of poverty as scheduled. Among them, it is clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of rural teachers, especially the implementation of the >three districts and three states< rural teachers’ living subsidy policy, to achieve stability and attract outstanding talents to teach in rural schools for a long time. There are some problems that need to be solved in terms of material needs, spiritual needs and occupational needs, although the government has implemented measures to protect the rural teachers in poverty-stricken areas. Based on the problem of rural teachers’ survival situation in deep poverty-stricken areas, this paper selects F County of Yunnan Nujiang Yi Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as Nujiang State) as the research point, and F County is a typical poverty-stricken county and multi-ethnic county. Rural teachers play an important role in the development of rural education. The survival situation of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province is directly related to the steady development of rural education in the state. This paper conducts observations and in-depth interviews with rural teachers in F County of Nujiang Prefecture, draws on Fromm’s theoretical discussion on the living conditions of human beings, and classifies according to Fromm’s survival needs. From the actual research, it is summarized as material needs and spirit. Needs and occupations need three aspects to analyze the survival needs of rural teachers. The specific content includes wages and benefits, housing transportation, marriage and work, physical health, work stress, professional achievement, and social status. In interviews and observations, it is found that rural teachers still have problems in their survival needs, and the contradiction of survival has gradually become prominent. First of all, the material conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas are still relatively poor. Secondly, the spiritual needs of rural teachers in deep poverty areas have not been met. Third, the lack of free choice of rural teachers in deep poverty areas. In addition, the survival needs are not satisfied, which leads to the contradiction of the survival of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: the wages and salaries are far from the local civil servants, the welfare allowances are still to be further improved, and the physical and mental health has not received enough attention; at work, social status, self in terms of promotion, the local teacher establishment still uses the old time to compile the burden of rural teachers, and the title evaluation has not fully improved the enthusiasm of teachers, and the rural teachers have lower social status. Problems such as long working hours, heavy workload, and high teaching pressure still exist. In addition, some rural teachers have problems such as low professional achievement, weak self-awareness, and insufficient self-identity. Fromm believes that in order to meet people’s survival needs and solve people’s survival dilemma, it is necessary to analyze from the biological weaknesses, the >history of the two differences< and the >two differences< of human existence, returning to society, the economic and cultural aspects explain the impact of people’s living conditions. Therefore, this study traces the geographical environment of Nujiang Prefecture, traces the national history and culture of the Yi nationality as a main ethnic group, explores the self-awareness of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture, and analyzes the factors affecting the living conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: as a deep poverty-stricken area Nujiang Prefecture, its poor natural geographical environment affects the material needs of rural teachers, including the living conditions, the satisfaction of wages and welfare; the national cultural environment of multi-ethnic settlements affect the spiritual needs of rural teachers; the long-term closed environment leads to the self-awareness of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture weak, lacking of self-awareness and many other reasons which have affected the living conditions of rural teachers. Based on the above-mentioned many problems in the survival situation of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture, this paper proposes measures to improve the living conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: first, strengthen policy inclination to provide protection from the policy and institutional levels to ensure that rural teachers’ rights and interests. Second, promote cultural construction in areas of deep poverty. We will build rural culture, absorb the fine traditional culture of the nation, and enrich the work and life of rural teachers. Third, give financial support. To strive to narrow the wage gap between rural teachers and local civil servants, and appropriately increase the welfare of rural teachers. Finally, pay attention to the love of rural teachers in deep poverty areas, actively promotes the establishment of rural teachers’ relationship with others, and strengthens the humanistic care for rural teachers in school management. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruczek, Agnieszka A1 - Janicka, Martyna T1 - Being or Having? – Young Adults Life Orientations and Their Satisfaction with Life [Mieć czy być? – orientacje życiowe młodych dorosłych a ich satysfakcja z życia] JF - Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology [Pschiatria I Psychologie Klinicze], Vol. 19, No. 2 (2019), pp. 158–164. [DOI: 10.15557/PiPK.2019.0016] N2 - Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to examine if life orientations of young adults (>being< or >having<) differentiate respondents with respect to the degree of life satisfaction. Material and methods: A total of 187 persons (143 woman and 44 man) aged 18 to 29 years were included in the study. The following methods were used in the study: sociodemographic questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener, R.A. Emmons, R.J. Larson, S. Griffin and the Being and Having Orientations Scale of B. Grulkowski. Results: A life orientation is a kind of behaviour regulator, that set the direction of human activity. There is a distinction between a >being< orientation (which refers to spiritual values) and a >having< orientation (which refers to possessing material things) that are manifested in a variety of experiences, and is related to human thinking, feeling, and acting. Therefore, a life orientation may play a really important role in the satisfaction with life. Most of the respondents were characterised by a mixed orientation (>being-having<) and an average level of satisfaction with life. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction with life according to gender and the subject of studies. It was shown that people with the >being< orientation have greater satisfaction with life than people with the >having< orientation. The obtained results, which show no differences in satisfaction with life according to gender, are consistent with the earlier studies. And so is the result that people with the dominant of the >being< orientation have greater satisfaction with life, than those with the >having< orientation. Conclusions: Only few papers about >being< and >having< orientations have been published so far since the method used in the study occurs only in the Polish language and there is no data about its adaptations in different countries. Results of conducted research set the direction of educational impact and give the scientific basis for a well-known saying: money can’t buy happiness. N2 - Cel: Zasadniczym celem prezentowanych badań było sprawdzenie, czy orientacje życiowe młodych dorosłych (>być< czy >mieć<) różnicują badanych pod względem nasilenia satysfakcji z życia. Materiał i metoda: Łącznie zbadano 187 osób (143 kobiety i 44 mężczyzn) w wieku od 18 do 29 lat. W badaniach zostały wykorzystane następujące metody: Skala Satysfakcji z Życia (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS) autorstwa E. Dienera, R.A. Emmonsa, R.J. Larson i S. Griffin oraz Skala Postaw Być i Mieć autorstwa B. Grulkowskiego. Wyniki: Orientacja życiowa stanowi pewien rodzaj regulatora zachowania, który nadaje kierunek ludzkiej aktywności. Można mówić o rozróżnieniu pomiędzy orientacją >być< (odnosi się do wartości duchowych) oraz >mieć< (odnosi się do posiadania rzeczy materialnych), które przejawiają się w różnych doświadczeniach i są związane z ludzkim myśleniem, odczuwaniem i działaniem. Dlatego orientacja życiowa może odgrywać bardzo ważną rolę w satysfakcji z życia jednostki. W świetle uzyskanych wyników badań większość respondentów charakteryzowała się orientacją mieszaną (>być-mieć<) i średnim nasileniem satysfakcji z życia. Nie występowały istotne różnice w nasileniu satysfakcji z życia ze względu na płeć i kierunek studiów badanych. Natomiast wykazano, że osoby o orientacji >być< miały większą satysfakcję z życia niż osoby o orientacji >mieć<. Brak różnic w satysfakcji z życia ze względu na płeć jest zgodny z wynikami wcześniej przeprowadzonych badań, podobnie jak wynik dotyczący związku orientacji >być< z większą satysfakcją z życia. Wnioski: Dotychczas opublikowano nieliczne artykuły na temat orientacji >być< i >mieć<, z uwagi na fakt, że metoda zastosowana w badaniu występuje tylko w języku polskim i nie ma danych o jej adaptacji w innych krajach. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają na ustalenie kierunku oddziaływań edukacyjnych i dają podstawy naukowe dla znanego powiedzenia: pieniądze szczęścia nie dają. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Korucu, Ayşe Arzu T1 - Freudyen ve Jungiyen Yaklaşımlarla Anne Olgusu [The Phenomenon of Motherhood with Freudian and Jungian Approaches] JF - Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Atatürk University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, Atatürk University], Vol. 23, No. 1 (2019), pp. 133-143. [Print ISSN 1304-4990] [dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/672447] N2 - İnsanlığın başlangıcından bu yana, ataerkil toplum düzeninin etkisiyle kadının geçirdiği değişim süreçleri, çağlar boyunca ona birçok olumsuz özellik atfederken, değişmeyen tek ve en kutsal özelliği annelik olmuştur. Anneliğin kutsiyeti vesaflığı, hemen her dönemde kadına ayrıcalıklı ve saygın bir konum bahşetmiştir. Anne olgusunun insan hayatında ve ruhsal alanda yarattığı etkileri, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl sonlarında Sigmund Freud’un kuruculuğunu yaptığı psikanaliz, yirminci yüzyıl başlarında ise Carl Gustav Jung’un temelini attığı analitik psikoloji derinlemesine inceler ve birbirinden farklı kuram ve bulgular ortaya koyar. Freud’un, ortaya koyduğu Oedipus ve iğdiş kompleksi kuramlarıyla anneliğe yaklaşımı o dönemde dünya çapında sansasyonel etkiler yaratır. Freud sonrası bir psikanalist olan Jacques Lacan ise, insanlaştırıcı kastrasyon (iğdiş) kuramıyla bu yaklaşımı biraz daha kabul edilebilir bir şekle sokar. Öte yandan Erich Fromm, diğer bir psikanalist, Freud’un Oedipus kompleksi kuramını, erkekteki doğurganlık kıskançlığına dair kuramıyla çürütmeye çalışır. Jung’un yaklaşımı, hepsinden farklı bir şekilde, annenin ruhsal alanda hâkim olan gizil güçleriyle ilgilidir; anne arketipinin ve anne kompleksinin insan psikolojisini ve hayatını başından sonuna nasıl derinden etkilediğini ve değiştirdiğini inceler. Çalışmamızın en önemli bulgusu ise hemen hepsinin tek bir ortak noktada buluştuğudur: anneyle kurulan sağlıklı ya da sağlıksız bir etkileşim, insanın yaşamındaki kritik süreçlerin, kişilikteki güçlü ya da zayıf yönlerin ve daha da önemlisi ruhsal alanda silinmez izler bırakan deneyimlerin temelini hazırlar. N2 - From the beginning of the history of humanity, the changing process woman has undergone with the effect of patriarchal societies attributed many negative, even pejorative, traits to her throughout the ages, while her unique constant and most sacred attribute has been motherhood. A respectable and privileged position has almost always been bestowed upon her for the holiness and purity of motherhood. The influences that the phenomenon of motherhood created in human life and psyche were anatomized by psychoanalysis founded by Sigmund Freud at the end of the 19th century and by analytical psychology founded by Carl Gustav Jung at the beginning of the 20th century; they put forward the theories and findings in this area, different from each other. Freud’s approach to motherhood with his theories of Oedipus complex and castration complex produced worldwide sensational effects at that time. Jacques Lacan, a post-Freudian psychoanalyst, shapes this approach in a bit more acceptable frame with his theory of humanizing castration. On the other hand, Erich Fromm, another 20th century psychoanalyst, tries to confute the theory of Oedipus complex with his own theory about jealousy of fertility in man. Jung’s approach, as different from all, is related to the potential power of mother dominant in psyche; he analyses how deeply mother archetype and mother complex influence and change human psychology and life from the beginning to the end. The most important finding in our study is that almost all these theories have a common point: a healthy or unhealthy relation with mother sets ground for the crucial periods, the strong or weak aspects in personality and, more importantly, the experiences leaving inerasable marks on psyche. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laskin, Alexander V T1 - Defining propaganda: A psychoanalytic perspective JF - Communication and the Public, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2019), pp. 305-314 [Online ISSN 2057-0481] [doi.org/10.1177/2057047319896488] N2 - Propaganda is a centuries-old term, and yet scholars and practitioners are still having a hard time defining it and pinpointing what makes propaganda unique. Many existing definitions fail to distinguish between propaganda and marketing, public relations, advertising, or even mass communications, in general. This essay proposes to define propaganda through psychoanalytical research pioneered by Erich Fromm on symbiotic relations. Symbiotic relations, when transferred from biology to psychology and sociology, describe a process of allowing a person to merge with something big and important, therefore creating meaning beyond an individual’s life. As a result, following its religious roots, propaganda acts similar to religion – asking for a sacrifice of individualism in the name of something bigger – god, country, society, or political party. In the end, people willingly engage in propaganda because, although sacrificing something, they receive unity with the bigger powers of other people, organizations, political parties, countries, and so on. As a result, such persons are not alone against the world; they are now a part of a bigger and stronger union. N2 - Contexte: La propagande semble nous entourer, pourtant beaucoup de gens trouveraient difficile d’en fournir une définition. Elle fait partie de ces mots faciles à utiliser, mais difficiles à définir. Les universitaires écrivent sur la propagande depuis des siècles, mais sa définition reste illusoire. Les profanes appellent simplement propagande toutes les communications avec lesquelles ils ne sont pas d’accord. La propagande devient un lavage de cerveau ou, pire encore, une guerre psychologique. Objectifs: L’article cherche à répondre à ce problème d’identification de la propagande. Méthode: L’article développe un argument théorique en faisant dialoguer l’œuvre psychologique et psychanalytique de Fromm avec le réel des sciences de la communication. Résultats: L’auteur soutient que la propagande est plus qu’un simple blasphème pour désigner des activités de communication avec lesquelles nous sommes en désaccord. En fait, cet essai suggère que la propagande peut mieux se comprendre grâce aux recherche psychanalytique de Fromm sur le sadisme et le masochisme. Fromm, à l’aide d’un concept biologique de symbiose, a expliqué le sadisme et le masochisme comme une façon de construire des relations symbiotiques, ce qui rend dans la relation un individu plus grand que ce qu’il n’est. En appliquant cette théorie à une société, l’agent de propagande et celui qui en est destinataire ne sont pas si différents d’un sadique et d’un masochiste, tous deux donnant un sens à leur vie grâce à la propagande et faisant partie de quelque chose de plus grand. Les relations symbiotiques de la propagande reposent sur la pensée de groupe et la rhétorique participative, qui visent à renforcer la cohésion du groupe et à établir une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. Conclusion: L’article conclut que les relations symbiotiques de la propagande fonctionnent par le biais de la pensée de groupe et de la rhétorique participative axées sur la cohésion du groupe et l’établissement d’une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. La propagande supprime l’individu pour se concentrer sur le plus grand nombre ; la propagande éradique les désirs de l’individu pour se concentrer sur les besoins du groupe ; et la propagande trace des frontières nettes entre le groupe et le territoire ennemi. La propagande devient une symbiose agressive visant à sa propre survie et à sa protection contre les autres. Ce travail, s’appuyant sur cette explication de la propagande par les relations symbiotiques, propose plusieurs domaines de recherche future sur la propagande afin de mieux comprendre son lien avec la psychologie et la psychanalyse. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alchamid, Ngabdul Ngazis T1 - Konsep Humanisasi pada Masyarakat Era Teknologi (Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo) [The Concept of Humanization in Society in the Technology Age (Comparative Study of Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo's Thoughts)], Bachelor thesis, Ushuluddin Science and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Java, Indonesia 2019, 70 pp., Indonesian. N2 - Sejak memasuki era industri, kehidupan masyarakat sudah mulai dimudahkan oleh mesin-mesin teknologi, hingga kemudahan yang diberikan oleh teknologi membawa kemajuan pada peradaban manusia. Akan tetapi, ternyata teknologi juga membawa dampak negatif di dalam masyarakat. Menurut Erich Fromm teknologi tidak lagi hanya menjadi sarana untuk mencapai tujuan, akan tetapi sudah menjadi tujuan dari masyarakat. Sedangkan menurut Kuntowijoyo, teknologi diciptakan oleh manusia untuk membantu pekerja industri agar memperoleh hasil yang efisien, akan tetapi hal sebaliknya yang terjadi adalah pekerja mengikuti kerja dari mesin teknologi. Teknologi yang seharusnya melayani manusia, menjadi manusia yang melayani teknologi. Bagi Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo, masyarakat sedang dalam keadaan dehumanisasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan humanisasi pada masyarakat, yang bertujuan untuk mengembalikan derajat kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi komparasi antara pemikiran Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo mengenai konsep humanisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menjelaskan keadaan masyarakat era teknologi dan mengumpulkan sumber data dari karya-karya Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo, serta sumber lain yang sesuai dengan tema. Dalam studi komparasi, penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparasi simetris, dengan mengurai pemikiran Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo satu persatu secara lengkap, kemudian membuat perbandingan dari pandangan kedua tokoh tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perbedaan pemikiran Erich Fromm dan Kuntowijoyo yang terletak padalandasan berfikirnya, serta pemakaian aspek spiritual dalam mendukung konsep humanisasi. Sedangkan persamaan pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut terdapat dalam tiga aspek, yaitu humanisasi, pembebasan dan pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual. N2 - Since entering the industrial era, people's lives have begun facilitated by technological machines, so that the convenience provided by technology has brought progress to human civilization. However, it turns out that technology also has a negative impact on society. According to Erich Fromm, technology is no longer just a means to an end, but has become the goal of society. Meanwhile, according to Kuntowijoyo, technology was created by humans to help industrial workers to obtain efficient results, but the opposite is happening, workers follow the work of technological machines. Technology that should serve humans, becomes humans serving technology. For Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo, society is in a state of dehumanization. Therefore it is necessary to humanize society, which aims to restore the degree of humanity. This research is a comparative study between the thoughts of Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo regarding the concept of humanization. This study uses a qualitative method by explaining the condition of society in the technological era and collecting data sources from the works of Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo, as well as other sources that are appropriate to the theme. In a comparative study, this study uses the symmetrical comparison method, by analyzing the thoughts of Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo one by one in full, then making a comparison of the views of the two figures. The results of this study are the differences in the thoughts of Erich Fromm and Kuntowijoyo which lie in foundation of thinking, as well as the use of spiritual aspects in supporting the concept of humanization. While the similarities in the thoughts of the two figures are found in three aspects, namely humanization, liberation and fulfillment of spiritual needs. [Google translator, 12/2022] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habriielian, A. T1 - Erich Fromm's >Humanistic Radicalism<. Historical Occurrence and Political Activity JF - Science Review, Vol. 6, No 23. [ISSN 2544-9346] N2 - The purpose of this article was to study the creative heritage of Erich Fromm and the formation of >Humanistic Radicalism<. The study was aimed at defining the historical context for the theoretical formation of >Humanistic Radicalism< within the framework of Fromm's >Social Psychoanalysis< and the practical implementation of this concept in the political activities of this personality. Four periods of the introduction of the ideas of >Humanistic Radicalism< by E. Fromm through his political activities were identified. It was found out that the humanistic orientation requires the continuation both in research activities of a person and in everyday socio-cultural life in general, while maintaining dialogical relations with the world. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haggag, Ali T1 - The Frankfurt School at Egyptian Universities. Critical Observations JF - Contemporary Arab Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 4 (2019), pp. 104-120. [Online ISSN 755-0920] [doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.12.4.104] N2 - The critical theory of the Frankfurt School reached Egypt in 1955, when the Arabic translation of Erich Fromm’s >The Sane Society< (New York, 1955) was published in Cairo. Later, Herbert Marcuse’s >Soviet Marxism< (1958) was translated into Arabic in Beirut in 1965, and with the rise of student protests in France, Germany, and the United States, much attention was given to Marcuse; almost all his writings were translated into Arabic between 1969 and 1973. This article explores the nature of individual >receptions< of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School at Egyptian universities. To this end, it briefly introduces the early generation of the Frankfurt School, as well as the reasons of interest in its fate in Egyptian universities. Though master’s theses and doctoral dissertations do not represent a university’s orientation to critical theory, and at best represent the perspective of their individual authors, this article shows that key individual theses and dissertations testify to an early rejection of the Frankfurt School and to the late adoption of it as a critical paradigm of the transformations in Egyptian society. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habriielian, A. T1 - The Phenomenon of >Mass Consciousness< in E. Fromm's Philosophy JF - World Science, Vol. 2, No. 7(47), pp. 32-35. [ISSN 2413-1032] N2 - In this article, the author considered the concept of >Mass Consciousness< in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. The phenomenon of >Mass Consciousness< was studied from the standpoint of E. Fromm’s «Humanistic Radicalism», and was analyzed in comparison with classical Freudian psychoanalysis and other prominent thinkers of the twentieth century. It was found that according to Erich Fromm's social psychoanalysis, aggression is the result of social exclusion, mass consciousness, and conformism. The prevention of these phenomena can only be realized by a healthy humanistic society, in which faith, hope, love, understanding, sanity, mutual respect, empathy that cannot be explained by human instincts. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gordon, Michael A. T1 - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer T2 - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2019, 218 pp. [eBook ISBN 978-3-030-23953-4] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23953-4] N2 - Drawing on the author’s lifelong practice in the non-competitive and defensive Japanese art of Aikido, this book examines education as self-cultivation, from a Japanese philosophy (e.g. Buddhist) perspective. Contemplative practices, such as secular mindfulness meditation, are being increasingly integrated into pedagogical settings to enhance social and emotional learning and well-being and to address stress-induced overwhelm due to increased pressures on the education system and its constituents. The chapters in this book explore the various ways, through the lens of this non-violent relational art of Aikido, that pedagogy is always something being practiced (on the level of psychological, somatic and emotional registers) and thus holding potential for transformation into being more relational, ecological-minded, and reflecting more ‘embodied attunement.’ Positioning education as a practice, one of self-discovery, the author argues that one can approach personal development as engaging in a spiritual process of integrating mind and body towards full presence of being and existence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gordon, Michael A. T1 - Introduction: Practice as Transformative Wholeness JF - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2019, pp. 3-56. [eBook ISBN 978-3-030-23953-4] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23953-4] N2 - In this chapter, the author introduces his autobiographical near-death experience of a motorcycle accident as the basis for examining his life and the self-study that forms this book, within a gestalt or whole. Touching on the figure-ground-contact approach of Gestalt Therapy, the author puts this self-study within the context of a lifetime of involvement in the Japanese art of Ki Aikido. In Aikido, one learns to coordinate their mind, body, and life energy (Japanese: ki) to better attune and move in synchronization with the world around them. The ethos of Aikido reflects the broader virtue ethics of traditional Japanese arts – >do<, >michi<, or >way< – and how this approach to education aims for spiritual self-cultivation in daily life, rather than mere acquisition of technical or intellectual knowledge. Through Aikido, Japanese calligraphy or shodo (which the author took up as a comparative/adjunct >way< for his study), and beyond into increased skillful awareness in motorcycling and educational praxis, this chapter draws on Yasuo Yuasa’s theory of ki as ‘teleological intentionality.’ By taking a ‘path’ approach to learning through this >ki awareness< one thus develops and enhances their embodied presence into what Yuasa calls >transpersonal synchronization.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gordon, Michael A. T1 - Conclusion: A Holistic Relational Paradigm JF - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2019, pp. 163-168. [eBook ISBN 978-3-030-23953-4] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23953-4_6] N2 - In the conclusion entitled >A Holistic Relational Paradigm,< the author draws on key themes in the manuscript: attachment, healing, psychosocial development, and an altruistic approach to fostering prosocial behavior. Epstein’s (2014) work relates the early trauma of the Buddha’s loss of his mother after childbirth to his resultant view of ‘suffering.’ Epstein explores how this attachment >wound< is mirrored in the Buddhist view that we suffer as the result of not knowing how to integrate the reality of ‘impermanence.’ The author continues to generalize this universal or psycho-spiritual view (as opposed to one based on our ‘personal’ pathology or ‘narrative’) through the core training principles of Ki Aikido, like the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, as ways of laying out a more liberatory path in daily life. Drawing on the work of Erich Fromm, he further expands on the notion of love, specifically as an approach that fosters applied skillfulness in relationships as an antidote to narcissism. Expanding further, he draws on Matthieu Ricard’s (2015) work on altruism, based in research on its roots in prosocial behavior rather than as moral idealism or superiority. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Domjanovic, Luka T1 - Fromm’s Notion of Spontaneity as a Solution to Foucault’s Problem of Freedom [Frommov pojam spontanosti kao rješenje problema slobode kod Foucaulta] [Fromms Begriff der Spontaneität als Lösung für Foucaults Problem der Freiheit] [La Notion de spontanéité de Fromm comme solution au problème de liberté de Foucault] JF - Synthesis Philosophica, Vol. 67, No. 1 (2019), pp. 125-139. [Online ISSN 1848-2317] [doi.org/10.21464/sp34109] N2 - In this paper, I attempt to apply Fromm’s notion of spontaneity to Foucault’s system of repression. It tends to shed new light on Foucault’s problem of freedom, using the notion which Foucault largely underestimates. Difficulties of such an application arise because of differences in Fromm’s and Foucault’s starting points in analysing the causes of human submission throughout history. Nonetheless, there is a point of convergence: Foucault and Fromm both describe a type of individual’s escape towards the institutions of power. Whether these institutions are highly formalised or not, highly complex or rather simple, dispersed or centralised, they designate repression on account of their lack of spontaneity. N2 - U radu pokušavam primijeniti Frommov pojam spontanosti na Foucaultovu teoriju sustava represije. Ovom analogijom pokušava se iznova sagledati Foucaultov problem slobode, pomoću pojma koji Foucault uglavnom zanemaruje. Osnovna je teškoća takvog pristupa u različitim polazištima dvojice autora pri analizi uzroka ljudske podčinjenosti kroz povijest. Unatoč tome, članak će pokazati da je moguće pronaći točku konvergencije između Fromma i Foucaulta: oba autora opisuju svojevrsni bijeg pojedinca prema institucijama moći. Bilo da su te institucije formaliziranije ili rudimentarnije, raspršene ili centralizirane, zajednička im je osnova represija utemeljena na izbjegavanju bilo kakve spontanosti. N2 - In diesem Artikel versuche ich, Fromms Begriff der Spontaneität auf Foucaults Unterdrückungssystem anzuwenden. Er neigt, ein neues Licht auf das Problem der Freiheit bei Foucault zu werfen, indem er den Begriff verwendet, den Foucault weitgehend vernachlässigt. Schwierigkeiten bei einer solchen Anwendung ergeben sich aus dem Unterschied zwischen Fromms und Foucaults Ausgangspunkten bei der Analyse der Ursachen für menschliche Unterwerfung im Laufe der Geschichte. Nichtsdestotrotz haben die Autoren einen Punkt der Konvergenz: Sowohl Foucault als auch Fromm beschreiben eine Art der Flucht des Individuums zu den Institutionen der Macht. Unabhängig davon, ob diese Institutionen hoch formalisiert oder nicht, hochkomplex oder eher einfach, verstreut oder zentralisiert sind, stehen sie für Unterdrückung infolge mangelnder Spontaneität. N2 - Dans cet article, je tente d’appliquer la notion de spontanéité de Fromm au système répressif de Foucault. Par cette analogie, nous cherchons à éclairer de nouveau le problème de la liberté chez Foucault, en utilisant la notion que Foucault sous-estime largement. Les difficultés d’une telle application sont dues à la différence des points de départ de Fromm et de Foucault dans l’analyse des causes de la soumission humaine à travers l’histoire. Néanmoins, les deux auteurs ont un point de convergence : Foucault et Fromm décrivent tous deux un type de fuite de l’individu vers les institutions du pouvoir. Que ces institutions soient hautement formalisées ou non, très complexes ou plutôt simples, dispersées ou centralisées, elles désignent la répression en raison de leur manque de spontanéité. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferreira de Sousa, Josivanio T1 - A vivência da Fé nos modos Ser e Ter segundo Erich Fromm [The Experience of Faith in the Modes of Being and Having according to Erich Fromm] JF - Semana Nacional de Teologia, Filosofia e Estudos de Religião e Colóquio Filosófico, Vol. 1 (2019), pp. 82-88. [Online ISSN 2763-7433] [doity.com.br/anais/semana-nacional-teo-filos-e-cr-simp-filos/trabalho/126709] N2 - Este trabalho busca apresentar um dos aspectos do modo de existência baseado no Ter e no Ser segundo o filósofo alemão Erich Fromm, dando luz ao sentido religioso da fé. Partindo da leitura do livro “Ter ou Ser” do citado autor, será apresentado alguns argumentos que afirma o por quê deve-se aproximar-se do modo Ser e se afasta do modo Ter. É importante enaltecer que diante a sociedade consumista atual, as pessoas estão bem mais próxima do modo Ter, sendo que muitas pessoas pensam ser o único modo de vida possível. Diante disso, elas vão transformando o que deveria ser experiências em algo que possa ser possuído como concreto. Isso acontece nos mais variados aspectos da vida humana, como por exemplo, no amor, na aprendizagem, no conhecer. Na fé não é diferente. Fromm faz a análise da fé nesses dois modos e dar ênfase no modo Ser, como uma alternativa melhor do que o modo Ter e sugere que possamos mudar a atitude em busca do Ser. Em verdade, existe uma grande dificuldade para acontecer esse movimento. Mas, o objetivo desse trabalho se detém apenas em mostrar a diferença dos modos Ter e Ser na questão da fé e mostrar a importância de tentar vivenciar a fé no modo Ser. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Endler, Johannes T1 - Alternative Spiritualität zwischen Nabelschau und sozialem Engagement [Alternative spirituality between navel-gazing and social commitment] JF - Spiritual Care (De Gruyter, Berlin), Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), pp. 155-165. [Online ISSN 2365-8185] [doi.org/10.1515/spircare-2018-0054] N2 - Einer verbreiteten These folgend wird von alternativ-spirituellen Akteuren keine Änderung der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse angestrebt, wesentlich sei hingegen die Arbeit an der eigenen Identität im Dienst der >Selbstverwirklichung< (vgl. Lasch 1980, List 1988, Bellah et al. 1996). Die Verantwortung für Probleme und deren Lösungen würden dem Einzelnen aufgebürdet und die komplexen Zusammenhänge von (scheinbarer) Selbstbestimmung und internalisierten gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen blieben verdeckt. Das heutige spirituelle Feld sei marktförmig strukturiert und statt gemeinschaftlicher Beziehungsformen würden flüchtige Begegnungen zwischen unabhängigen Transaktionspartnern vorherrschen (vgl. Hero 2010). Die Individualisierungsthese (vgl. Beck 1986, Beck & Beck-Gernsheim 2002) bildet den theoretischen Bezugsrahmen für diese oftmals als Kritik vorgebrachten Annahmen. Anhand der für die alternative Spiritualität wichtigen Ansätze von Erich Fromm und Marylin Ferguson werden die beschriebenen Ansichten in der vorliegenden Arbeit relativiert. Inwiefern die in den exemplarischen Selbstzeugnissen formulierten Ansprüche tatsächlich eingelöst wurden und auch für das heutige alternativ-spirituelle Milieu handlungsleitend sind, kann Gegenstand weiterführender Forschungen sein. N2 - Following a widespread assumption, alternative-spiritual proponents do not strive for social change, instead >self-realization< through working on one’s identity is essential (cf. Lasch 1980, List 1988, Bellah et al. 1996). Problems and their solutions would be seen as each individual’s own responsibility and complex relations between (apparent) self-determination and internalized social requirements stay concealed. The contemporary spiritual field would be structured on a market basis and contacts between independent partners prevail rather than collaborative relations (cf. Hero 2010). The thesis of individualization (cf. Beck 1986, Beck & Beck-Gernsheim 2002) serves as a theoretical framework for these (critical) assumptions. The view mentioned is put into perspective on the basis of Erich Fromm’s and Marylin Ferguson’s approaches considering both as important figures in the field of alternative spirituality. Further research can aim to clarify whether their pretensions are actually met by the alternative-spiritual milieu of their time and today. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuchs, Christian T1 - M. N. Roy and the Frankfurt School: Socialist Humanism and the Critical Analysis of Communication, Culture, Technology, Fascism and Nationalism JF - TripleC, Vol. 17, No. 2 (2019), pp. 249-286. [ISSN 1726-670X] [doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v17i2.1118] N2 - Manabendra Nath Roy (1887-1954) was the founder of the Communist Parties of Mexico and India and a socialist-humanist philosopher. In the Western world, his works are today widely ignored and forgotten. This article introduces some philosophical aspects of Roy’s thought. It engages with foundations of his theory and shows its relevance for the study of communication, culture, technology, the human being, fascism, and nationalism. Frankfurt School thinkers such as Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Erich Fromm were interested in similar topics to Roy. This article also compares the approach of Roy and the Frankfurt School. It shows parallels between Roy and the first generation of the Frankfurt School with respect to themes such as the dialectic of technology and society, the dialectic of the Enlightenment, fascism, nationalism, and authoritarianism. In the age of new nationalisms and authoritarian capitalism, global environmental crises, capitalist crisis, and the digital crisis, socialist-humanist theories such as M. N. Roy’s can inspire struggles for a humanist and socialist society as antidotes to the acceleration and deepening of the three crises. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Joubert Lopera, Daniel T1 - Libertad: principio frommiano para la toma de decisiones y el establecimiento de interrelaciones, Undergraduate degree in psychology as a partial requirement to qualify for the title of Psychologist, Psychology, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia 2019., 24 pp. [repository.eafit.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/a66709bf-b62e-4f88-a239-bdcb8b98fd0b/content] N2 - El objetivo de este texto es reflexionar en torno a la relación de la libertad, con la toma de decisiones y su potencial para las interrelaciones, desde la perspectiva de Erich Fromm, mostrando posibles implicaciones prácticas. El método utilizado fue la hermenéutica la cual es el arte de comprender y/o interpretar discursos para realizar un estudio monográfico sobre los conceptos señalados. Como principales hallazgos se destaca la paradoja entre libertad y toma de decisiones, los distintos sentidos en que puede ser entendido y experimentado el proceso de la libertad, y la interrelación que se puede generar entre los tres conceptos mencionados. Finalmente, las conclusiones que son de tipo teóricas, metodológicas y prácticas. N2 - The objective of this text is to reflect on the relationship of freedom, with the decision making and its potential for interrelations, from the perspective of Erich Fromm, showing possible practical implications. The method used was hermeneutics, which is the art of understanding and / or interpreting discourses in order to carry out a monographic study on the concepts mentioned. The main findings are the paradox between freedom and decision making, the different senses in which the process of freedom and the interrelation that can be generated between the three concepts mentioned can be understood and experienced. Finally, the conclusions that are theoretical, methodological and practical. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jourshari, Abbas Naeemi A1 - Haghighat, Seyedeh Sedigheh T1 - An assessment of the concept of alienation in Marxist theories [Una evaluación del concepto de alienación en las teorías marxistas] [Uma avaliação do conceito de alienação nas teorias marxistas] JF - Revista Amazonia Investiga, Vol. 8, No. 18 (2019), pp. 471-482. [Online ISSN 2322–6307] [amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/360/336] N2 - Alienation is one of the important concepts of social science which has been most studied in Marxism idealogy. The main purpose of the present paper is to review the opinion of Marxist sociologists on alienation. This paper has been compiled to answer the following question: What is self-alienation and what is the Marxists’ view about this complex concept? Regarding this matter, while reviewing the history of Alienation and its conceptual dimensions, theories of Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm, and Juergen Habermas is examined. The research method used in this research is a descriptive and data collection method is librarian. The findings chart is plotted at the end of the paper. N2 - La alienación es uno de los conceptos importantes de la ciencia social que ha sido más estudiado en la idealología del marxismo. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es revisar la opinión de los sociólogos marxistas sobre la alienación. Este artículo se ha compilado para responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué es la autoalienación y cuál es la opinión de los marxistas sobre este concepto complejo? Con respecto a este asunto, al revisar la historia de la Alienación y sus dimensiones conceptuales, se examinan las teorías de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm y Juergen Habermas. El método de investigación utilizado en esta investigación es descriptivo y el método de recopilación de datos es bibliotecario. La tabla de hallazgos se representa al final del documento. N2 - A alienação é um dos conceitos importantes da ciência social que tem sido mais estudada na idealogia do marxismo. O objetivo principal do presente artigo é revisar a opinião dos sociólogos marxistas sobre a alienação. Este artigo foi compilado para responder à seguinte pergunta: o que é a auto-alienação e qual é a visão dos marxistas sobre esse conceito complexo? Com relação a esse assunto, ao revisar a história da alienação e suas dimensões conceituais, as teorias de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm e Jurgen Habermas são examinadas. O mIétodo de pesquisa utilizado nesta pesquisa é descritivo e o método de coleta de dados é bibliotecário. O gráfico de resultados é plotado no final do artigo. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Sun Ah T1 - 정신분석학적 >욕망의 주체< 이해에 기초한 사랑의 교육 연구 [A Study on the Education for Love Based on the Understanding of Psychoanalytic >Subject of Desire<] JF - 기독교교육 논총 [Journal of the Korean Society of Christian Education (KSCRE)], No. 59 (2019), pp. 335-368. N2 - 본 연구는 다음과 같은 필요성에 의해 시도되었다: 첫째로, 우리의 미래세대가 4차 산업의 혁명과 함께 도래하는 >초기술사회<에서 자신의 진짜 삶을 잃어버리지 않고 가정과 학교, 교회 공동체와 사회에서 자발적이고 창의적인 삶을 살아가도록 길인도하기 위한 교육이 필요하다. 둘째로, 그러한 교육은 인간을 >욕망의 주체<로 이해함과 동시에 >사랑의 소통<을 통해 자발적이고 창의적인 삶을 살아가는 >사랑의 존재<로서 이해하는 것이어야 한다. 셋째로, 이러한 인간이해를 바탕으로 한 전인교육적인 사랑의 교육의 방향 및 과제가 구체적으로 제시되어 우리의 미래세대가 진정한 사랑을 욕망하는 주체로서 진짜 삶을 살아가도록 도울 필요가 있다. 우리의 미래세대가 진정한 사랑을 욕망하는 >주체>이자<사랑의 존재>로서 살아가도록 길인도 하기 위해 정신분석학적 >욕망의 주체< 이해에 기초한 사랑의 교육을 연구한 본고의 특징은 다음과 같다: 첫째로, 기독교 신앙을 무의식적 욕망과 관련하여 재해석한 돌토의 정신분석학적 관점을 학문적 논의의 자원으로 활용하였다. 둘째로, 소쉬르로 대표되는 구조주의 언어학에서 주장하는 >기의의 우위성<을 전복하고 >기표의 우위성<을 제기한 라캉과 돌토의 정신분석학적 업적을 토대로, >주체의 인간화<로 인도하는 >기표<인 >사랑의 말<의 중요성을 제시하였다. 셋째로, 진정한 사랑을 욕망하는 인간, Homo Desiderans를 제시함으로써 인간이해의 지평을 융복합적으로 확장하였다. 즉 무의식의 >욕망의 주체<로서 사랑을 >욕망하는 삶<을 살아가는 인간존재이자 예수 그리스도 안에서 진정한 >사랑의 능력<을 키워나가는 인간존재인 정신분석학적 · 기독교적 Homo Desiderans를 제시하였다. 넷째로, 우리의 미래세대를 위한 사랑의 교육은 주체가 타자를 향한 사랑의 욕망을 따라 다른 사람들과 더불어 사랑을 나누며 살아갈 수 있도록 길인도 하는 전인격적 교육이어야 한다. 사랑의 교육의 전인격적인 가치를 탐구하기 위해 본 연구에서는 프롬의 사회심리학적 통찰과 돌토의 정신분석학적 통찰을 활용하였다. 다섯째로, 이러한 탐구에 기초한 사랑의 교육의 방향 및 과제를 세 가지로 제시하였다. >주체의 인간화<를 위한 사랑의 교육, >아가페적 사랑을 욕망하는< 사랑의 교육, 그리고 >치유(용서)와 모험(신앙)<을 위한 사랑의 교육이 신앙공동체 안에서 먼저 실천될 때 우리의 미래세대는 아가페적 사랑의 불꽃을 삶의 모든 영역에서 밝히는 첫걸음을 옮기게 될 것이다. N2 - This study was carried out in an attempt to address the following needs. First, we need a psychoanalytic approach to understanding humans as >subject of desire< to help future generations live as >subjects of desire< in their homes, schools, church communities, and society. Second, with this human understanding, we need to understand humans as >loving beings<, living spontaneous and creative lives through the >communication of love<. Third, there is a need to approach the problem of love from the perspective of psychoanalysis and social psychology in order to establish the healing and holistic educational value of the education for love. This paper studied the education of love based on the understanding of a psychoanalytical >subject of desire<, so that future generations can live as human beings who desire true love. First, Dolto’s psychoanalytic view of reinterpreting Christian beliefs in relation to unconscious desire was used as a resource for academic discussion in this paper. Second, based on the achievements in the field of psychoanalysis of Lacan and Dolto, who overthrew the >superiority of the signified< claimed in the structuralist linguistics, as represented by Ferdinand de Saussure, this study presented >the superiority of the signifier< in the symbolic leading to >humanization of the subject<. Thirdly, a new interdisciplinary perspective in understanding human beings was presented. In other words, the understanding of humans in terms of Christian education was expanded by presenting a new concept of the human, Homo Desiderans, for the sake of Christian education for future generations. Fourth, Homo Desiderans was presented as a human being who wants to live a >life of desire for love<, as the subject of unconsciousness and as a person who needs to develop the ability of love in his life. Fifth, based on this understanding of human beings, it was suggested that Christian education for future generations should be an education of love that helps the subject live a life that is harmonious with others, along with the desire for love for others. As its specific direction and task, they study proposed an education of love for the >humanization of subjects<, an education of love for the >desire for true love<, and an education of love for >healing (forgiveness)< and >adventure (faith)<. Ultimately, an education for love based on an understanding of the psychoanalytical >subject of desire< can help future generations to live as >subjects of desire for love< toward others within the community of love, especially, within the faith community of love. To this end, in-depth discussions on education for love should be promoted based on an understanding of a psychoanalytical >subject of desire<, and related follow-up studies must also be continued. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jimenez, Luis T1 - The psychosocial significance of social character, habitus and structures of feeling in research on neoliberal post-industrial work JF - Journal of Psychosocial Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2019), pp. 259-276. [Online ISSN 1478-6737] [doi.org/10.1332/204378919X15674407132232] N2 - This article highlights the psychosocial relevance of Erich Fromm’s concepts of >social character< and >social change< to broaden our understanding of the intergenerational traumatic legacy of neoliberalism. As part of this, it also reflects on the psychosocial significance of other related concepts – namely Pierre Bourdieu’s >habitus< and Raymond Williams’ >structures of feeling< – as ways to also acknowledge their significance when related to each other in emerging research on the neoliberal effects of changes in work and identities. This includes secondary analysis of my own earlier research on the psychosocial ramifications of the loss of stable work, changing worker-gendered identities, disrupted affect, community engagement and historical memory within a global context of insecure labour. This is all understood within a theoretical frame that stresses the emerging neoliberal forms of social character in the aftermath of the massive redundancies and unemployment experienced recently in post-industrial working-class communities in the UK. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bagus Guntur, Farisa T1 - Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Manusia dalam Fenomena Kabe-Don: Sebuah Kajian Psikoanalisis Humanistik Erich Fromm [Meeting Human Needs in the >Kabe-Don< Phenomenon: A Study Using Erich Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis], Thesis (undergraduate), Japanese Literature, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2019. - Only abstract and contents available. N2 - Kabe-don adalah sebuah adegan romantis yang banyak ditemui di manga, anime, dorama, maupun film Jepang dengan genre romantis. Adegan romantis tersebut ditunjukkan dengan pihak laki-laki memukulkan tangannya ke tembok sembari mengapit pihak perempuan di antara tubuh pihak laki-laki dan tembok. Fenomena kabe-don muncul dengan banyaknya perempuan Jepang yang ingin di-kabe-don, yaitu menjadi objek dari tindakan kabe-don. Idaman akan tindakan kabe-don tersebut merupakan keinginan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan khusus yang hanya dimiliki oleh manusia yang oleh Erich Fromm disebut dengan kebutuhan manusia. Kebutuhan manusia terdiri dari kebutuhan akan >keterhubungan<, >keunggulan<, >keberakaran>, >kepekaan akan identitas<, dan >kerangka orientasi< yang dapat dipenuhi dengan dua cara, yaitu secara produktif dan secara nonproduktif. Pemenuhan kebutuhan secara produktif dilakukan dengan cinta, kreasi, pendewasaan, individualisasi, dan rasionalitas. Di sisi lain, pemenuhan kebutuhan secara nonproduktif dilakukan dengan narsisisme, destruksi, fiksasi, konformitas, dan irasionalitas. Selain itu, idaman perempuan Jepang akan kabe-don juga tidak lepas dari faktor kultural di mana perempuan tersebut berada. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini perlu dicari faktor kultural apa yang ada di balik idaman perempuan akan tindakan kabe-don menggunakan analisis tema budaya James Spradley. Tema budaya ditemukan dengan mencari benang merah dari adegan-adegan romantis yang ada. Setelah tema budayanya diketahui, dilakukan analisis menggunakan konsep-konsep kebutuhan manusia dalam teori psikoanalisis humanistik Erich Fromm dengan merelasikannya dengan tema budaya tersebut. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode netnografi, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang relevan dari media-media daring dalam bentuk pengakuan, hasil survei maupun pemberitaan. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis tema budaya dan psikoanalisis humanistik Erich Fromm. Dari hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa amae merupakan tema budaya dari idaman perempuan Jepang akan tindakan kabe-don, dan idaman tersebut memungkinkan untuk menjadi pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia, baik secara produktif maupun secara nonproduktif. N2 - Kabe-don is a romantic scene mostly shown in romantic anime, manga, drama, or film. This romantic scene is performed with a man slams a wall with his hand while pinning a woman between his body and the wall. A lot of women yearn to be kabe-don-ed, they yearn to be the object of kabe-don so much, that it became such a phenomenon. Those yearnings for kabe-don are yearning for human needs, needs that are particular for human according to Erich Fromm. Human needs consist of the need of >relatedness<, >transcendence<, >rootedness<, >sense of identity<, and >frame of orientation<. Those human needs can be fulfilled in two ways, productively and nonproductively. The fulfillment of human needs can be accomplished productively with love, creation, maturity, individualization, and rationality. Meanwhile, the fulfillment of human needs can also be accomplished with narcissism, destruction, fixation, conformity, and irrationality. Nevertheless, Japanese women's yearnings of kabe-don is bound to the cultural factor of the society where those women live. Therefore, the cultural factor of the yearning of kabe-don must be identified using James Spradley's cultural theme analysis beforehand. The cultural theme can be found by identifying the common value shared among the romantic scenes. After the cultural theme is identified, the yearning of kabe-don and the identified cultural theme will be analysed using Erich Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis concept of human needs. Data collection will be done using netnography method by collecting data such as personal statements, surveys, or press releases from online media and sources. Collected data will be analysed using cultural theme analysis and Erich Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis. Based on the results of the analyses, amae is identified to be the cultural theme of the Japanese women's yearnings of kabe-don, and those yearnings can become the fulfillment of human needs, either productively or nonproductively. Y1 - 2019 ER -