TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm’s understanding of the Buddhist philosophical theory and psychoanalysis: From the phenomenal ego to the authentic being JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 050-061. N2 - Erich Fromm was one of the first psychoanalytic thinkers who was genuinely interested in Asian philosophies. In the first part of this article, I will show Fromm’s imago of Buddhism as a radical, nontheistic, and ethical philosophy >without God.< I will argue that Fromm made an important difference between the phenomenal ego and being that proves crucial for his understanding of psychoanalysis and his critique of modern society. I will also explore Fromm’s synthesis of Buddhist philosophy and psychoanalysis, and show the similarities and differences between them. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm's psychoanalytic theory and his understanding of the psychotherapeutic practice: existential, relational and social dimension of the psychotherapeutic work. Typescript 2019, 34 pp. N2 - In this article we will explore three important themes: (1) Fromm's anti-objectivistic perspective which stands for the idea that the other Being should not become an object in analysis; (2) the central idea of the relatedness and the relational dimension in the psychotherapeutic practice; (3) in the last part we will analyze the existential-ontological level which is manifested in analysis. We will focus our attention on the different ways in which Fromm as a psychoanalytic thinker, social critic and humanist can help the therapists to include the existential and social dimension in the psychotherapeutic work. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zou, Hong T1 - An Interpretation of Fromm's Sound Social Philosophy [弗洛姆的健全社会哲学思想解读] JF - Northern Literature [北方文学], No. 32 (2019), pp. 162-163. N2 - 弗洛姆通过剖析西方现代人异化的生存状态,批判了资本主义制度下重占有的生存方式。同时,弗洛姆提出构建重生存的健全社会以帮助现代人实现积极自由的生存状态。 N2 - Fromm analyzes the alienated living conditions of modern western people, and criticizes the survival mode of heavy possession under the capitalist system. At the same time, Fromm proposed to build a healthy society that re-exists to help modern people achieve a positive and free existence. [Automatic translation Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Wen T1 - On the Evolution of Fromm's Religious View [弗洛姆宗教观发展嬗变初探] JF - Psychology of Religion [宗教心理学], No. 0 (2019), pp. 17-28. N2 - 对宗教的研究是弗洛姆整体思想中的重要组成部分,在漫长的学术生涯中,他的思想经历过两次转折,使其宗教观在不同阶段的著作中呈现出较大的差异。本文试图在综合考虑弗洛姆生活背景和学术思想的基础上,勾勒出弗洛姆宗教观发展嬗变的脉络,并对其发展特点进行较为细致的探究。 N2 - The study of religion is an important part of Fromm's overall thought. In his long academic career, his thought has undergone two transitions, making his view of religion vary greatly in his writings at different stages. This article attempts to outline the development of Fromm's religious views and explore their characteristics in some detail, based on a comprehensive consideration of Fromm's life background and academic thought. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Suwen T1 - On Alienation in Arthur Miller’s Early Plays, Master thesis, World Literature, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - By applying Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation and psychological analysis, this thesis explores the idea of alienation and the cause of tragedy in Arthur Miller’s early plays, >All My Sons<, >Death of a Salesman<, and >A View from the Bridge<. The adoption of Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation is based on Miller’s concern with the phenomenon of alienation in American society. On the one hand, the thesis discusses how the symbiotic relationship between man and society is undermined by historical movement and as a consequence how it affects man’s idea of morality and sense of identity by reviewing the particular American history during the time of the Depression and the wars (particularly the Second World War and the Cold War). On the other hand, the thesis discusses how personal fantasy contributes to one’s destiny by making uncompromised commitment to private beliefs as a counterpart of reality.– First of all, the thesis reviews the historical events that shape American experiences of alienation. Economically, the Depression not only exemplifies that everyone is closely related with the society and other human beings, but also implies the illusion embedded in the American Dream. Economic development does not guarantee human beings freedom but conditions men in an alienated position because of its advocacy of liberalism and individualism. The perversion of work ethic, particularly, defines man and directs them to seek self-interest. Politically, the Second World War and the Cold War make man retreat into a world of containment, separating self from the other. Accordingly, in Arthur Miller’s dramatic world, characters attach more importance to family business and family welfare. Then the thesis discusses how human psyche is equal in importance in sealing one’s fate. Although the environment provides the physical basis for practice and action, personal fantasy has a life of its own and therefore becomes a scene for dramatic actions. The point is that neither social codes nor personal ideals ensure a secure sense of identity. In contrast, one-sided indulgence in psychological world alienates man further from society and others. Social sense of identity and personal sense of identity becomes oppositional. Finally, the thesis holds that Miller conveys a message of hope of reconciliation, i. e., man represented by secondary roles in the three plays have the strength and freedom to change the status quo.– This thesis differs from previous studies in the following aspects. First of all, this thesis does not limit the scope of alienation to economic and political field but extends to human psyche, revealing that both the private and the public contribute to Arthur Miller’s tragedy. Secondly, this thesis explores the symbiotic relationships between man and society, pointing out that socially individual experience is the shaping force of human history. In Arthur Miller’s plays, the major characters have certain fantasy with its own life that finally forms the circumference around which dramatic conflicts become possible. The transformational relationship between scene and agent vindicates the combining force of society and psychology to realize Miller’s tragedies. The thesis concludes that Miller indicates one possible way out from the present dilemma of alienation, a characteristic of Arthur Miller’s early period of writing, because the author shows strong faith in humanity by presenting the sympathetic, integral and forgiving secondary characters. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zheng, Jiangli T1 - On the Dual Personality in Shusaku Endo’s Works >Scandal<, >Evil Spirit<, >Deep River< as Examples [论远藤周作作品中的双重人格 - 以《丑闻》《恶灵》《深河》为例], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2019 [application of Fromm's therories to art]. N2 - 远藤周作(1923—1996)是日本当代著名的基督教作家。他的作品以艺术形式探讨神与人、信仰与人生、死与生等宗教主题,其长篇小说中的人物形象亦呈现出立体而复杂矛盾的性格特点。本文选取远藤周作的三部长篇小说《丑闻》《恶灵》及代表作《深河》为中心文本,试图以心理学的角度去阐释小说中人物的>双重人格<,揭示个体心理潜伏的阴暗欲望的表现和危害,进而探讨人物的救赎问题。论文首先分析作品中具有双重人格的四个人物形象:《丑闻》《深河》中共同具有>天使<与>恶魔<复杂人格的两位女性>万里子<和<美津子<;《丑闻》中所谓的>圣徒作家<胜吕本质上是一个经常出入色情场所的下流之徒;《恶灵》中利用>天使<面孔去引诱他人作恶、犯罪的>恶灵<南条英子。其次运用现代心理学理论探讨>双重人格<形成的原因。个体为了更好地在社会上生存,往往隐藏和压抑内心中阴暗、丑陋的欲望,即荣格所说的>阴影面<,向社会展现出美好的一面,这便形成了>双重人格<。三部小说中双重人格人物的>阴影面<与弗洛姆提出的>衰败综合症<中的>恋死<相关,因此结合文本加以分析。此外,在文学层面上,以莫里亚克作品中对罪与恶的理解,陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中复杂的人性来阐述其对远藤作品的影响。最后通过人物的命运走向探寻救赎之路。小说中的人物在>光<与>河<中认识了自我,灵魂得到净化,重新找寻到了人生的价值和意义。其中,>光<与>河<象征着给人拯救的>爱<。但是,仅凭被动地接受>爱<是不够的,个体还需要有>直面自我的勇气<,才能获得真正的救赎。远藤周作敏锐地看到了现代人为能够更好地在社会中生存,不得不压抑内心真实的欲望,以此符合社会的标准和期待,造成精神枯竭、破裂的问题。通过双重人格艺术形象的塑造,远藤试图告诉我们:个体要勇于发现内心隐藏的欲望,认识真实的自我,才能实现精神的统一和完整,从而达到荣格所说的>重返精神家园<。 N2 - Shusaku Endo (1923–1996) is a famous contemporary Christian writer in Japan. The biggest feature of his works is that he is good at exploring religious themes such as God and man, faith and life, death and life. The characters in his novels present complex contradictory character characteristics. This essay selects the three novels >Scandal<, >Evil Spirit< and the representative work >Deep River< of Shusaku Endo as the central text, tries to explain the >dual personality< of the characters in the novel from the perspective of psychology, reveals their latent dark desires and dangers, and the question of redemption. The thesis first analyzes the four characters with dual personality in the works: The >Scandal< and >Deep River<, the two women >Mariko< and >Mitsuko<, who have the complex personality of >angel< and >devil<; the so-called >Saint Writer< Suguro in the Scandal, is essentially a vulgar person who often goes into pornography; the >evil spirit< Nanjyou Eiko uses the >angel-like< face to lure others to commit crimes and do evil. Secondly, modern psychology theory is used to explore the reasons for the formation of >dual personality<. In order to survive better in society, individuals often hide and suppress the dark and ugly desires in the heart, that is, the >shadow< that Jung said, showing a beautiful side to the society, which forms a >dual personality<. The >shadow< of the dual personality characters in the three novels is related to >love death< in the >decline syndrome< proposed by Fromm, so it is combined with the text to analyze. In addition, on the literary level, the understanding of sin and evil in Mauriac’s works, the complex humanity in Dostojevsky’s novels explains its influence on Endo’s works. Finally, through the fate of the characters, explore the road to redemption. The characters in the novel know themselves in >light< and >river<, the soul is purified, and the value and meaning of life are re-finished. Among them, >light< and >river< symbolize the >love< that saves people. However, it is not e-nough to passively accept >love<. Individuals also need to have >the courage to face themselves< in order to obtain real salvation. Shusaku Endo keenly saw that modern people can survive in society better and have to suppress their inner desires in order to meet the standards and expectations of society and cause problems of mental exhaustion and breakdown. Through the shaping of the dual personality image, Endo tries to tell us that the individual must be brave enough to discover the hidden desires of the heart and understand the true self in order to realize the unity and integrity of the spirit, thus achieving the >return of spiritual home< that Jung said. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yuhong T1 - A Tragedy Caused by Loneliness: An Interpretation of >Hedda Gabler< in Light of Fromm’s Psychoanalytical Theories [孤独酿就的悲剧——易卜生《海达•高布乐》的弗洛姆式阐释] JF - Journal of Jingchu University of Technology [荆楚理工学院学报], No. 4 (2019), pp. 14-17. N2 - 易卜生《海达•高布乐》的女主角海达的人生悲剧表面上看是父权制文化以及其高傲倔强、追求诗性生活的性格造成的,但从弗洛姆心理分析维度探测海达令人费解的行为背后深层次的心理动机,可以发现海达的怪异行为源自内心无法排遣的孤独。得不到缓解的孤独产生了一股不可遏制的破坏力,毁灭他人的同时也导致了海达的自我毁灭。海达的人生悲剧体现了易卜生对个人如何对待个体化孤独问题的思考,对为孤独所困的现代人具有重要的启示意义。 N2 - The tragedy of the life of Ibsen's heroine >Hedda Gabler<, Hedda, is ostensibly caused by patriarchal culture and her arrogant and pursuit of poetic life, but from Fromm's psychology By analyzing the deep psychological motivation behind Hedda's puzzling behavior in the analysis dimension, we can find that Hedda's strange behavior originates from loneliness that cannot be dispatched from the heart. The loneliness that cannot be alleviated has an irresistible destructive power, which destroys others and also causes Hedda's self-destruction. Hedda's life tragedy reflects Ibsen's thinking on how individuals treat individualized loneliness. It has important implications for modern people trapped by loneliness. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yiwei T1 - On Fromm's Inheritance and Development of Marx's Theory of >Differentiated Labor< [论弗洛姆对马克思“异化劳动”理论的继承与发展] JF - Modern Business Trade Industry [现代商贸工业], No. 17 (2019), pp. 132-134. N2 - 马克思通过对自由资本主义时期劳动关系的研究,提出异化劳动这一崭新概念,并通过这一视阈把握人的自我异化与阶级之间以及私有财产的关系。生活在资本主义垄断时期的弗洛姆则在继承马克思理论的基础上,从心理异化、全面异化等视角进行探究。在研究方法和异化理论方面都进行了发展,提出现代资本主义社会中存在的异化在本质是人的自我异化,探寻使社会克服异化走向健全的有效路径,至今仍具有启示意义。 N2 - Through the study of labor relations in the period of liberal capitalism, Marx proposed a new concept of alienated labor, and through this perspective, grasped the relationship between human self-alienation and class and private property. From the inheritance of Marx's theory, Fromm, who lived in the capitalist monopoly period, explored from the perspectives of psychological alienation and total alienation. Both the research methods and the theory of alienation have been developed. It is proposed that the alienation in modern capitalist society is the alienation of human beings, and the effective path to overcome the alienation and perfection of society is still enlightening. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yingying A1 - Gao, Lixin T1 - Seeking >Positive Freedom< from Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< — The Phenomenon of College Students’ Mobile Phone Dependence as an Example [从弗洛姆的“逃避自由”中寻找“积极自由”—以大学生手机依赖现象为例] JF - Journal of Yangling Vocational & Technical College [杨凌职业技术学院学报], No. 4 (2019), pp. 29-32. N2 - 随着互联网的飞速发展和社会信息的快速更新,智能手机持续的更新换代和广泛的普及使用使得当代大学生成为了其学习和生活的最佳受益者,但也随之出现了一种令人欲罢不能的手机依赖现象,对于这一现象的分析和解决可以借鉴埃里希•弗洛姆的>逃避自由<理论,深度剖析大学生手机依赖现象的原因,从而寻找到有效的解决策略。 N2 - With the rapid development of the Internet and the update of social information, the continuous upgrading and widespread use of smart phones have made contemporary college students the best beneficiaries in their study and life, but there has also been an unstoppable phenomenon of mobile phone dependence. With the help of Fromm’s theory of >Escape from Freedom< we made in-depth analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon and found an effective strategy. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xueting T1 - Fromm's Sound Social Theory and Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆健全社会理论及当代启示] JF - Sinogram Culture [汉字文化], No. 15 (2019), pp. 143-144. N2 - 弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派对资本主义社会进行批判的重炮手,在现代社会人格心理方面有重大建树。在《健全的社会》中,弗洛姆先见性地指出,不仅个人会有精神生病问题,而且作为整体的社会也会生病。并且只有在经济、政治以及文化各个领域同时发生变革,这一危机才会化解,达到真正的健全的社会彼岸。弗洛姆的健全社会理论对我们思考当下社会心理问题具有重要启示。 N2 - As a heavy gunner of the Frankfurt School's criticism of capitalist society, Fromm has made great achievements in the personality psychology of modern society. In >Sound Society<, Fromm presciently pointed out that not only individuals will have mental illness, but society as a whole will also get sick. And only when changes occur simultaneously in the economic, political, and cultural fields will this crisis be resolved and reach a truly sound society. Fromm's sound social theory has important implications for us to think about the current social psychological problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER -