TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Aggression und menschliche Destruktivität T2 - Erich Fromm E-Book-Edition, München (Open Publishing) 2016. N2 - Die in dem Band ‚Aggression und menschliche Destruktivität‘ gesammelten Beiträge entstanden alle im Umkreis des großen Alterswerks von Erich Fromm, dem Buch >Anatomie der menschlichen Destruktivität<. Was in dem über 500 Seiten umfassenden Buch von Fromm systematisch erforscht und dokumentiert wurde, lässt sich über die hier gesammelten Beiträge bestens erschließen, weil die Beiträge für eine breitere Öffentlichkeit verfasst oder in Interviews aus dem Stegreif von Fromm in alltagssprachlicher Begrifflichkeit entwickelt wurden. Auch geben sie – wie etwa der erste Beitrag und das große Interview mit Adelbert Reif – einen Überblick über die zentralen Erkenntnisse Fromms bei der so komplizierten Frage, worin das destruktive Verhalten des Menschen wurzelt. Da vieles von dem, was in den Siebziger Jahren breit diskutiert wurde, heute in Vergessenheit geraten zu sein scheint, sind die Beiträge angesichts der terroristischen Gewalt im Einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert von größter Aktualität. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Analytische Sozialpsychologie T2 - Erich Fromm E-Book-Edition, München (Open Publishing) 2016. N2 - Um seinen sozial-psychoanalytischen Ansatz zu fundieren, entwickelte Erich Fromm das Konzept des >sozial-typischen Charakters<, das er später unter dem Begriff des >Gesellschafts-Charakters< der Öffentlichkeit vorstellte. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge zur Analytischen Sozialpsychologie zeigen die Fruchtbarkeit dieses Konzepts in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereichen. So enthält der Band Fromms 1936 formulierte Theorie des autoritären Charakters sowie erhellende Überlegungen zu der Frage, wie sich Kulturentwicklung sozialpsychologisch verstehen lässt. Insbesondere aber zeigen die Beiträge, wie sich das Konzept des Gesellschafts-Charakters für die empirische Sozialforschung fruchtbar machen lässt. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pan, Shuo T1 - Alienation in >Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant< 《思家饭店的晚餐》中的异化现象, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2016 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 安妮•泰勒是美国当代文坛最负名望的作家之一,她的家庭小说以生动刻画美国当代家庭的紧张关系而闻名。《思家饭店的晚餐》是泰勒的第九部小说,该小说被看作她文学生涯的转折点,包括约翰•厄普代克在内的很多评论家都对它给予了高度评价。在这部小说中,泰勒运用了一系列艺术手法巧妙地表现了塔尔家庭成员之间爱恨交织的关系。不少学者注意到了小说中家庭成员之间疏远和不和谐的关系,但没有从异化的角度来解读这些紧张关系。本文作者认为,《思家饭店的晚餐》中紧张的家庭关系正是人际关系异化的表现;除此之外,各个人物自身也存在异化的问题。因此,本论文将着重探讨该小说的异化主题。异化一词源于拉丁语,其含义随着时间的变化而不断发展,很多学者从经济、政治、哲学以及心理学等角度给与了它新的内涵。埃里希•弗洛姆创造性地结合了弗洛伊德的心理分析理论和马克思关于劳动异化的理论,重新定义了>异化<这个词。他认为异化是一种无力和疏远的主观感受,并且指出异化遍及了当代资本主义社会的每一个角落。本论文对异化主题的探讨主要基于弗洛姆的异化理论。本论文共五章。第一章简要介绍安妮•泰勒及其文学创作,综述前人对《思家饭店的晚餐》的研究,说明了异化这个概念,特别是弗洛姆的异化理论,概述了本论文的主题和思路。第二章分析了该小说中人物经受的人际关系异化和自我异化,第三章则从家庭、社会和个人三个层次讨论导致文中异化现象的原因。第四章从艺术创作的角度探讨了异化主题的表现方法,这些方法包括重复叙述、多重内聚焦的运用,以及频繁提及日记和照片等。最后一章对前文的论述进行了总结,并重申了论文的主要观点。本文作者希望通过挖掘《思家饭店的晚餐》的异化主题,为解读泰勒的家庭小说提供一个新视角,证明泰勒家庭小说关于家庭内部的琐碎描写揭示了当代美国中产阶级的生存状况,以此凸显其家庭小说的现实意义。 N2 - Anne Tyler is canonized as one of the most celebrated writers in contemporary American literary circle. She is famous for her domestic novels which vividly present the tensions in modern American family. >Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant< is her ninth novel, and is regarded as the turning point of her literary career. Many critics including John Updike have given acclaim towards the novel in which the love and hate relationships between Tull family members are skillfully delineated through a series of artistic techniques. Some scholars have noticed the estranged and inharmonious relationships among the family members, but few of them have linked the tension in family relationships to alienation. The present author, however, asserts that the tension is actually manifestation of alienation in interpersonal relationship, apart from which the characters also experience alienation within. Therefore, this thesis is to be devoted to the exploration into the theme of alienation in the novel. Alienation is a term of Latin origin and its meaning has developed with the times. Many scholars have defined this word from economic, political, philosophical and psychological perspectives. Erich Fromm creatively combines the quintessence of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Marx’s theory of alienated labor to redefine >alienation<. He regards it as a subjective feeling of powerlessness and estrangement, and points out that alienation pervades in every aspect of modern capitalist society. The thesis is to base its analysis on Fromm’s theory of alienation. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One gives a brief introduction to Anne Tyler and her literary creation, and a general survey of previous studies of the novel. Then it explains the concept of alienation, particularly Fromm’s theory of alienation, and the focus and structure of the thesis. Chapter Two analyzes the two kinds of alienation experienced by the characters in the novel: alienation in interpersonal relationships and self-alienation. Chapter Three discusses the factors leading to the alienation in the novel in the aspects which involve family, society and individuals. Chapter Four is devoted to the analysis of the ways alienation is artistically represented in the novel: repetitive narration, multiple internal focalization and frequent references to diaries and photos. The last chapter is Conclusion which summarizes previous discussions and restates the arguments of the thesis. The present author hopes to render a new perspective to Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant through the exploration into its theme of alienation, and highlight the social significance of Tyler’s family novels by proving that the novels truthfully represent the situation of contemporary American middle class through the apparently insignificant trifles taking place in their households. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qi, Yong T1 - Freedom: Flowers on the Chains – An Analysis of Fromm's Idea of >Escaping Freedom< [自由:枷锁上的花朵——分析弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想 ] JF - Heilongjiang Education (Theory & Practice) [黑龙江教育(理论与实践)], No. 10 (2016), pp. 21-22. N2 - 弗洛姆将马克思主义和弗洛伊德主义结合,独具特色地对人的心理机制、性格结构以及生存方式等现代社会中人的异化的深层性质进行了颇有见地的揭示。>逃避自由<是弗洛姆对人异化的心理机制的分析,也是他阐发其他理论的基础。文章认为弗洛姆是从对于法西斯兴起的现实和对人性的分析出发,阐发了他的>逃避自由<的思想,并对这一思想加以分析,认为弗洛姆的思想具有很大的合理性,但他所提出的实现自由的途径只是一种难以实践的设想。 N2 - Fromm integrates Marxism and Freudianism, and makes a unique insight into the deep nature of man's alienation in modern society such as psychological mechanism, personality structure and way of existence. reveal. >Escape from Freedom< is Fromm's analysis of the psychological mechanism of human alienation, which is the basis of his elucidation of other theories. Fromm's analysis of the reality of the rise of Fascism and the analysis of human nature, and his analysis of the idea of >Escape from Freedom<, the author argues that Fromm's thought has great rationality. But he proposed the realization of freedom is only a difficult way to practice the idea. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qin, Huihui T1 - The Analysis of Fromm’s Thoughts of Freedom 弗洛姆的自由思想探析 JF - Journal of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management (Social Science Edition) 郑州航空工业管理学院学报 (社会科学版), No. 6 (2016), pp. 16-20. N2 - 弗洛姆的自由思想继承了弗洛伊德主义和马克思主义的思想精华,以自由为视角,将心理批判和社会批判结合起来。在批判的同时,弗洛姆也在畅想建构由健全的人和健全的社会组成的理想社会,用来解决>逃避自由<的现实困境。但由于弗洛姆思想中对资本主义的矛盾态度,并且把实现自由的期望寄托于毫无改变甚至是倒退的资本主义制度和文化上,这使得他的设想不能彻底解决个人与社会发展之间的自由困境。 N2 - Fromm’s thought of freedom makes references from the essence of Freud and Marxism, he combines psychological criticism and social criticism in the perspective of freedom. Together with criticism, Fromm also thinks about constructing an ideal society composed of healthy mind and sane society in order to solve practical difficulties >Escape from Freedom<. However, Fromm’s attitude towards capitalism contradiction is ambiguous, and he expects to achieve the freedom lying in capitalist system and culture without change or even backward, which makes no means of completely solving free dilemma between personal and social development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qin, Jin T1 - >Possession Tendency< and >Being Tendency< in Artistic Action [艺术行动中的>占有倾向<与>存在倾向<] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Art China [艺术当代 ], No. 6 (2016), pp. 81-84, 92. N2 - 在社会生活中,人的占有心理最初来源于一种生存的必须:为了活着,我必须占有物品。然而不断地占有,则成为了另一种目标。发展到今天,就像艺术家廖国核最近在北京民生美术馆的个展标题>一万幢房子<一样,这种强调不断占有囤积的社会性格是现代资本主义消费社会最显而易见的特征之一。相反的,注重存在与体验,反对物质和资本的侵蚀,又是一种怎样的反叛和政治态度呢?美国心理分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)在他的《占有还是存在》一书中,从社会生活以及宗教的各. N2 - In social life, the psychological possession of people originally comes from a survival must: In order to live, I must have possessions. However, the constant possession, has become another goal. Today, just as the artist Liao Guo-kun's recent solo exhibition >Ten Thousand Houses< in the Beijing Minsheng Art Museum, this emphasis on the hoarding of the social character is one of the most obvious features of the modern capitalist consumer society. On the contrary, the focus on the existence and experience, against the erosion of material and capital, but also a kind of rebellion and political attitude? American psychoanalyst Erich Fromm in his >possession or existence< The book, from the social life as well as the religious ... [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qin, Jinmei T1 - An Analysis of the Alienation Themes in >>The Black Book<< 论《黑书》中的异化主题, Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China 2016 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 2006年,土耳其作家奥尔罕•帕慕克获得诺贝尔文学奖,帕慕克本人及其作品引起了广泛关注和讨论。本论文以马克思的异化理论和弗洛姆关于异化的部分观点作为理论支撑,在文本细读的基础上,深入分析帕慕克的小说《黑书》中的人物心理、故事情节以及叙事手法,力图能够比较系统地分析《黑书》中的各种异化现象,以实例来论证《黑书》中的>异化<事实。全文分绪论和正文两大部分,第一部分为绪论,梳理了国内外研究的现状、异化理论的起源和发展,并阐述了研究的意义和方法。正文主要论述《黑书》所彰显的>异化<主题的三大内涵——人与自我关系的异化,人与人关系的异化,人与社会、自然关系的异化,分为以下三章:第一章论述《黑书》的中心主题——人与自我关系的异化,首先从人被>物化<的角度来论述《黑书》中的异化群像;接着从>自我迷失<的角度,以耶拉和卡利普这两个典型人物为例,通过他们的生活背景、成长经历、人际关系、心理状态以及他们在文本中的叙事方式,来具体分析他们在日常生活中逐渐变得缄默、孤独、焦虑的>自我异化<状态;最后以土耳其历来的民族政策和凯末尔>世俗化改革<为背景,论述《黑书》中的>民族身份异化<问题。第二章论述《黑书》中的重要主题——>人与人关系的异化<,首先以卡利普、耶拉以及耶拉父亲等人的事例为例,论述《黑书》中着墨最多的>爱情和亲情关系的异化<;接着以土耳其传统的妇女观以及土耳其现代妇女的现实处境为背景,具体分析《黑书》中>两性关系的异化<现象;最后论述>人与他人关系的普遍异化<现象——人与人之间的关系在不正确的价值观的影响下,变得越来越疏远和功利化。第三章论述《黑书》中另一重要主题——>人与社会、自然关系的异化<,首先论述了《黑书》中的政治异化的现象:政府官员的贪污腐败、人们合法权利的受限、一个国家对另一国家的侵略等;然后论述《黑书》中谈及较多的>金钱异化<问题,以及在>金钱异化<的基础上产生的>消费异化<现象;最后论述《黑书》中>人与自然关系的异化<的问题。 N2 - Turkey writer Orhan Pamuk won Nobel Prize for Literature in 2006, he and his novels have received wide attention and praise. This thesis will take Marx’s alienation theories and Fromm’s some ideas about alienation as theoretical support. It mainly uses the method of intensive reading. It analyzes the characters’ psychology, the plot of the story and the narrative technique in >The Black Book<. This thesis will try to systematically analyze all kinds of alienation in >The Black Book<. And it will use the real examples in >The Black Book< to demonstrate the >alienation<. The thesis contains two parts. The first part is the prolegomenon part, it will make a summary on the research status home and abroad as well as the writing meaning and methods of the thesis. It also reviews the origin and development of the alienation theory. The second part is the main body of the thesis is about three connotations of the alienation themes – the self-alienation between man and himself, the alienation of human relations and the alienation between man and environment. The second part is divided into the following chapters: The first chapter discusses the central theme of >The Black Book<, the self-alienation between man and himself. This chapter will discuss the alienation images from the perspective of >materialization< first. Then it will discuss the alienation from the perspective of >self-lost<. It will take Yella and Kalip as examples to analyze the self-alienation state when they become silent, lonely and anxious in daily lives through their living backgrounds, growth experiences, interpersonal relationships, psychological states and their narrative ways in the text. Finally, with the background of Turkey’s national policy and the secularized reform of Kemal, this thesis discusses the alienation of national identity in >The Black Book<.– The second chapter discusses the main theme of >The Black Book<, the alienation of human relations. First of all, this chapter takes Kalip, Yella and Yella’s father as examples to analyze >the alienation of love and natural affection <.Then, with the background of Turkey’s historical view of women and the situation of modern women in Turkey, it makes a concrete analysis of >the alienation of gender relations< in >The Black Book<. At last, the chapter discusses the phenomenon of the universal alienation between human beings: the relationships between human beings become more and more alienated and utilitarian under the influence of incorrect values.– The third chapter discusses anther main theme of >The Black Book<, the alienation between man and environment. It discusses >the political alienation< first, corruption of government officials, the limitation of people’s legal rights, a country’s aggression against another country and so on. Then the chapter discusses >the money alienation< as well as >the consumption alienation< which based on the money alienation. Finally, the chapter discusses the alienation of the relationship between man and nature in >The Black Book<. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qin, Lihua T1 - The Theme of Alienation in >Martin Eden< (2016) [《马丁•伊登》异化主题分析] JF - Tangshan Literature [唐山文学], No. 6 (2016), p. 60. N2 - 《马丁•伊登》是美国著名作家杰克•伦敦的代表作。小说描述了主人公马丁•伊登为爱情和理想奋斗,但却以自杀结局的悲剧故事。弗洛姆把异化看作一种病态的心理现象,并在《自为的人》《逃避自由》和《健全的社会》中对异化的根源进行了分析。>异化就是一种认识的模式,在这种模式中人把自己看作一个陌生人。<(弗洛姆,2003:104)弗洛姆认为异化主要体现在生产过程、消费、政治生活、社会关系等方面。本文用弗洛姆的异化理论来 N2 - >Martin Eden< is the famous American writer Jack London's masterpiece. The novel describes the protagonist Martin Eden for love and ideals, but the outcome of suicide tragedy story. Fromm the alienation as a kind of morbid psychological phenomenon, and >for itself< and >Escape from Freedom< and >healthy society< the root causes of alienation were analyzed. >Alienation is a kind of understanding of the mode, in this mode the human himself as a stranger.< (Fromm, 2003: 104) Fromm alienation mainly in the production process, consumption, political life, social and other aspects of the relationship. In this paper, Fromm's theory of alienation …]. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xin, Zuolei T1 - A Study of Fromm's Theory of Freedom 弗洛姆自由理论研究, Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016. N2 - 自由,从古至今就是人们所关心的最重要的问题之一。自由是什么,人是不是自由的,自由如何实现。这些问题都是历来思想家和哲学家们所要回答的最重要的问题。而对于这些问题,不同的哲学家和哲学流派又有不同的看法。弗洛姆作为二十世纪著名的思想家、哲学家,是一名关心社会现实,积极参与和促进社会变革的学者。在弗洛姆看来,自由是人类一切活动的最高的目的和追求。在自由理论方面,弗洛姆通过对马克思异化理论和弗洛伊德精神分析理论的融合,揭示了人类追求、渴望自由但又逃避、恐惧自由的心理原因,探究了逃避自由的心理机制。弗洛姆从现代人的社会心理和人格结构入手,对现代人所面临的逃避自由的困境进行了细致深刻的分析和考察,并且想要通过这些分析来找到消除现代社会弊病的方法和途径。在今天的中国,由于社会经济的迅速发展,我们也面临弗洛姆所说的逃避自由的心理困境。本文希望通过对弗洛姆自由理论进行分析,为我们提供一些有益的参考意见。本文共五个部分。第一部分介绍弗洛姆自由理论形成的背景。首先,弗洛姆自由理论的产生有着深刻的社会历史背景。二十世纪集权主义,特别是纳粹主义的兴起,对弗洛姆自由理论的形成产生了极大的影响。人们对纳粹和集权主义的狂热追随和崇拜让弗洛姆对人和自由的关系产生了深刻的思考。在弗洛姆看来,逃避自由的社会心理是纳粹和集权主义产生的土壤。其次,弗洛姆自由理论的形成也有着深厚的思想渊源。弗洛姆一方面接受了弗洛伊德的潜意识理论和心理因素影响社会现象的观点。另一方面又接受和发展了马克思的社会批判理论,特别是其中的异化理论。弗洛姆出生和成长在一个犹太基督宗教传统深厚的家庭,从小的耳濡目染使得犹太基督宗教对弗洛姆产生了重要的影响。第二部分介绍弗洛姆的自由概念。首先阐述弗洛姆自由的含义。在弗洛姆看来,自由是人与生俱来的属性。不同于传统理论抽象地讨论自由,弗洛姆以具体的生活在一定社会现实中的人为对象讨论自由,从而把>自由<和>历史中的人<连接在了一起。其次阐述自由是人的本质。自由的产生包含了自然状态,始发纽带和独立个体三个阶段。在自然状态中,人与自然是一体的。在始发纽带中,人是以民族、城邦和国家的整体形式而存在的。现代人是自由的个体,是个性化的,独立的人。第三部分介绍弗洛姆的逃避自由机制。为了摆脱孤独感,现代人急切地想要始发纽带和自然状态中去,这使得现代人产生了逃避自由的心理机制。权威主义人格是逃避自由机制的核心,而权威主义人格的人在情感和世界观上是一种施虐—受虐倾向。在弗洛姆看来,人性虽然可以随环境和历史发生变化,但人性能承受的变化是有限度的。权威主义人格对于人性的扭曲和压抑使得人丧失了应有的情感、态度和世界观而扭曲成了变态的人。第四部分介绍弗洛姆关于健全社会的构想。为了解决现代人逃避自由的困境,弗洛姆提出了要彻底变革权威主义社会,建立健全的社会来帮助人成为自由的人。健全的社会是人道主义的社会,个体化力量的正常发展是其首要的目的。为此,必须对现存的权威主义社会进行全面的变革。在健全社会中人与人相处的根本性原则是爱。在爱的原则下,个体能够在保证正常发展自身个性的前提下与他人和外界建立起融洽良好的关系。第五部分是对于弗洛姆自由理论的评析。弗洛姆自由理论具有独特的理论意义和现实意义。在理论上弗洛姆的自由理论给予了我们看待自由问题的新视角。弗洛姆继承和发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析方法和马克思的社会批判理论,并且将二者进行了创造性的结合,形成了他独具特色的自由理论。当前,我国社会正处于工业化发展的关键时期,我们所面对的许多问题正是弗洛姆自由理论所要解决的。所以弗洛姆的自由理论对于我们看待和解决当代社会问题和建设美好和谐社会具有重要的参考价值。当然,弗洛姆的自由理论也存在一些值得商榷的不足之处。 N2 - Freedom is one of the most important issues that people concerned since ancient times. What is freedom, man is not free, how to achieve freedom. These questions are the most important questions that have been answered by philosophers and thinkers. And for these problems, different philosophers and philosophical schools have different views. Fromm, as a famous thinker and philosopher in twentieth Century, was a scholar who cared about the social reality, actively participated in and promoted the reform of the society. In Fromm’s opinion, freedom is the highest aim and pursuit of all human activities. In the theory of freedom, Fromm by integration of theory of Marx’s theory of alienation and Freud’s psychological analysis, reveals the human pursuit and longing for freedom but escape, the psychological cause of the fear of freedom, explores the escape the psychological mechanism of freedom. Fromm from modern social psychological and personality structure of which faces to the modern people to escape the dilemma of freedom for careful and deep analysis and study, and want to through the analysis to find the elimination of the ills of modern society and the ways. In today’s China, due to the rapid development of social economy, we also face the psychological dilemma of Fromm’s escape from freedom. This paper hopes to provide some useful references for the analysis of Fromm’s theory of freedom. This paper consists of five parts. The first part introduces the background of the formation of Fromm’s theory of freedom. First of all, Fromm’s theory of freedom has a profound social and historical background. The twentieth century totalitarianism, especially the rise of Nazism, had a great influence in the formation of Fromm’s theory of freedom. People’s fanatical following and worship of the Nazi and the centralization of power gave Fromm a deep thought on the relationship between man and freedom. In Fromm’s view, the social psychology of escaping from freedom is the soil of Nazi and totalitarian. Secondly, the formation of Fromm’s theory of freedom also has a profound ideological origin. On the one hand, Fromm accepted Freud’s theory of subconscious mind and the influence of psychological factors on social phenomenon. On the other hand, he accepted and developed Marx’s theory of social criticism, especially the alienation theory. Fromm was born and raised in a Judeo Christian religious tradition of family, childhood influenced by Judeo Christian religion that has produced important influence on Fromm.– The second part introduces Fromm’s concept of freedom. Firstly, explain the meaning of Fromm’s freedom. In Fromm’s opinion, freedom is the inherent attribute of man. Different from the traditional theory to discuss freedom, Fromm to specific life in a certain social reality of human objects to discuss freedom, thus the >freedom< and >history of the people< connected together. Secondly, freedom is the essence of human. The generation of freedom includes three stages: the natural state, the initial bond and the independent individual. In the natural state, man and nature are one. In the origin of the link, people are in the nation, the city and the country as a whole, and the existence of. Modern man is a free individual; it is a personal, independent person.– The third part introduces Fromm’s escape from freedom mechanism. In order to get rid of the feeling of loneliness, the modern people are eager to make the link and the natural state, which makes the modern people have the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom. Authoritarian personality, escape from freedom mechanism of core, and in emotion and the world view of authoritarian personality is a kind of sadism, masochism. In Fromm view, although human nature can change with the environment and history, but the changes in human performance is limited. The distortion and repression of human nature by authoritarian personality makes people lose their due affection, attitude and outlook on the world.– The fourth part introduces the idea of Fromm’s perfect society. In order to solve the dilemma of modern people to escape from freedom, Fromm put forward to completely change the authority of the society, the establishment of a sound society to help people become free people. Sound society is a humanitarian society, the normal development of individual power is its primary purpose. To this end, we must carry out a comprehensive reform of the existing authoritarian society. The fundamental principle that people get along with in the perfect society is love. Under the principle of love, the individual can establish a harmonious relationship with others and the outside world under the premise of ensuring the normal development of their own personality.– The fifth part is the analysis of Fromm’s theory of freedom. Fromm’s theory of freedom has its unique theoretical and practical significance. In theory, Fromm’s theory of freedom gives us a new perspective on the problem of freedom. Fromm inherited and developed Freud’s psychoanalysis and Marx’s theory of social criticism, and the combination of the two creative, formed his unique theory of freedom. At present, our country is in the key period of the development of industrialization, many of the problems we are facing is to be solved by Fromm’s theory of freedom. So Fromm’s freedom theory has important reference value for us to treat and solve the contemporary social problems and to build a harmonious society. Of course, there are some deficiencies in Fromm’s theory of freedom. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Fengyang T1 - The Research of Fromm’s Theory of Love 弗洛姆爱理论的研究, Master thesis, Ethics, University: Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China 2016. N2 - 20世纪资本主义工业生产急速增长,生产力水平和科学技术得到较大的提高,但是丰富的物质生活并没有带给人们幸福,反而使人们开始陷入精神危机。弗洛姆认为西方人出现病态的状态,人同自己、同胞以及自然相疏离。西方的社会人际关系冷漠无情,缺乏真正的爱情,孤独和寂寞萦绕在人们的生活中。为了拯救异化的人性和沉沦的社会,弗洛姆提出了自己独特的爱理论,探讨爱对人类生存的意义和价值,并认为爱情是可以学习的。弗洛姆的爱理论将爱与人性相结合,在理论层面作出了“人性善”的预设,但是在现实社会人性却是善恶交织的。弗洛姆认为人具有善和恶两种潜能,但他反对将它们并立,而把它们称为第一潜能和第二潜能。在他看来,第二潜能只会在第一潜能不会发挥的病态情况下才会出现,人只有发展了自己的第一潜能,才会感到安全、自在。弗洛姆没有明确提出“人性善”的观点,但是他批判西方社会病态的社会和异化的人性,认为人应该有爱、自由、创造性,可以看出他作出了“人性善”的预设。落到现实层面,人需要与外界社会发生联系,弗洛姆按人与社会发生联系的方式将性格分为健康型性格和非健康型性格。性格决定了一个人的思想和行为,不同的性格导致了不同的行为,所以现实社会中人性是善恶交织的。弗洛姆结合人们存在的问题提出了自己独特的爱理论体系。他认为真正的爱可以使人克服孤独,使人与自己、人与同胞、人与自然和谐相处,乃至融为一体。弗洛姆的爱理论宣扬了爱的真正意义,改变了人们对爱的误区,使人们能对自己和所处的环境进行反思,从而获得真正的爱以及和谐的人际关系,建立一个健全的社会。虽然弗洛姆爱理论的本身存在一定的局限性,但是不管对于当时病态的社会还是我国现代的情况都具有重要的现实意义,我们应该辩证看待弗洛姆的爱理论。 N2 - In the 20th century, the production of Capitalism industry growing rapidly, but the rich material life didn’t bring people happiness; on the contrary, people began to fall into a spiritual crisis. In Fromm’s opinion people showing pathological state, people were alienated from themselves, compatriots and nature. The western social relationships were very indifference, true love was very lacking, loneliness and solitude lingering in people’s lives. To save the alienation of human nature and the destruction of society, Fromm put forward his unique theory of love, to explore the meaning and value of love, and considered love can be learned. Fromm’s theory of love combine love with humanity, made the presupposition of “goodness in the human nature” at the theoretical level, but in the reality the human nature is interwoven with good and evil. Fromm thinks that man has two kinds of potential: one is good and another evil. He opposed the two kinds of potential side by side they are referred to as first potential and second potential. In his view, the second potential can appear when the first potential can’t exert, people only developed his first potential, he will feel safe and comfortable. Fromm didn’t put forward the viewpoint of “goodness in the human nature”, but he criticized the sick society and Western society alienated humanity, that man should have love, freedom, creativity, we can see that he made the presupposition of “goodness in the human nature” from his theory. But in the reality, people need to contact with the outside society, Fromm according to the way which people connect with the occurrence made the personality type personality into health and non-health-type character. Character determines a person’s thinking and behavior, different personalities lead to different behavior, so in the reality the human nature is interwoven with good and evil. Fromm combined with the problems of people and then put forward his own unique theory of love. He thinks that true love can overcome the sense of loneliness, can make people with their own, human beings and nature in harmony, and even integration. Fromm’s theory of love has spread the true meaning of love, changed people’s misunderstanding of love, made people to prompt a rethink about themselves and the environment, and thus to obtain true love and harmonious interpersonal relationship, to build a perfect society. Although Fromm’s theory of love has some limitations, but it has important practical significance for the pathological society at that time and the situation of our country’s modern society, we should dialectically treat it. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER -