TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Jia A1 - Meng, Xue T1 - Loneliness Everywhere – The Loneliness Theme in Chen Ran’s >The Other Ear Percussion< [无处不在的孤独——陈染《另一只耳朵的敲击声》中的孤独主题][Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Anhui Literature (The Second Half) [安徽文学(下半月)], No. 3 (2011), pp. 16-17. N2 - 作为中国当代文学界一位出色的女作家,陈染以其独特的个人化创作进行着孤独主题的持续诠释。本文拟从弗洛姆的孤独理论探讨陈染的代表作《另一只耳朵的敲击声》。通过分析小说主人公黛二和她母亲生活环境的孤独以及心灵的孤独来揭露生活中无处不在的孤独。 N2 - As an outstanding contemporary Chinese literary authoress, Chen Ran with its unique personalized creation loneliness theme continued interpretation. This article intends to explore the loneliness theory from Fromm Chen Ran's masterpiece >The Other Ear Percussion<. By analyzing the protagonist Daier and her mother living environment loneliness and lonely soul to expose the loneliness of life everywhere. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Qingxia A1 - Wang, Xi T1 - A Study on Similarities and Differences of Alienation Theories between Fromm and Lukács [弗洛姆与卢卡奇异化理论的差异性探究] JF - Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [东北农业大学学报(社会科学版) ], No. 6 (2011), pp. 113-117. N2 - The main representative Lukacs of the early western Marxism and important representative Fromm of the Frankfurt School have inherited the alienation theory of Marx, and they also carried on the in-depth research on the emerging of alienation phenomenon in the 20th century, and they both had a profound criticism on modern capitalism by using the alienation theories. However, the emergence of the backgrounds and concerns of alienation theories are different, meanwhile, the analysis on the causes of alienation, and the discussion on elimination of alienation ways also show the great difference. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the similarity and difference between Fromm and Lukacs' alienation theories, and provides a new understanding on contemporary alienation phenomena. N2 - 早期西方马克思主义代表卢卡奇和法兰克福学派的重要代表弗洛姆都对马克思的异化理论有所继承,也都对20世纪新出现的异化现象进行了深入的研究,二者都通过异化理论对当今资本主义展开了深刻的批判。但是,他们异化理论产生的时代背景、对异化现象的关注、关于异化原因的分析及消除异化途径的探讨又表现出很大的不同。本文旨在比较弗洛姆与卢卡奇异化理论的异同,使人们对当代的异化现象有新的认识。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Bingbing T1 - Alienation and Its Overcoming – Fromm's Alienation Theory [异化与健全之路——弗洛姆的异化理论探析] JF - Jiangxi Social Sciences [江西社会科学], No. 9 (2011), pp. 37-41. N2 - 马克思的异化理论与弗洛伊德的精神分析为弗洛姆考察当代资本主义提供了重要的方法论基础。弗洛姆指出,在当代资本主义,异化不仅发生在经济领域,也发生在精神领域和政治领域。他主张在经济、政治和文化三个方面同时变革,从社会与个体特别是个人的心灵方面进行整体改造,才能克服异化。 N2 - Marx's theory of alienation and Freud's psychoanalysis for Fromm to examine incidents of contemporary capitalism provides important methodological basis. Fromm pointed out that, in contemporary capitalism, alienation occurs not only in the economic field, but also in the spiritual realm and the political realm. He advocated that the three aspects of the economic, political and cultural change at the same time, the overall transformation of human consciousness from the society and the individual, especially personal to overcome alienation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peng, Hongya T1 - Fromm's Concept of Happiness [弗洛姆幸福观研究], Master thesis, Henan University of Science and Technology, Ideological and Political Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2011. N2 - The 20th century famous humanism philosophers and psychologists Fromm’s, use spirit analysis, the paper analyzes the happiness and joy socialist happy the rationality and limitation of socialism happiness, definitely the happiness can serve as a kind of ethical value standard point of view. Fromm pointed out that human happiness was consistent with the nature of existence, to be happy means to be fully human birth, human potential to be the perfect realization of human survival the final answer.– The concept of happiness has three main contents: first, the need was the power of happiness. Fromm, starting from the nature of human existence into the needs of the people associated with, and beyond, roots, identity, commitment and other five and that five kinds of happiness to meet the needs of the minimum conditions. Second, the production was the core of happiness. Production was the full potential of people power, that everyone had an attitude, a positive and practical way of life, with productive person who, before having sex with the production. Thirdly, love was the source of happiness.– The nature of love to give, was a mutual respect and sharing with each other, improve and increase, both in love and get happiness. Fromm though the way that to achieve happiness, there were two, one individual psychological revolution, the second was social transformation. Through the psychological revolution, to achieve spiritual salvation, the twisted psychopathic personality molded into productive healthy personality. On economic, political and cultural transformation of the field, to achieve a state of equality, so that everyone could get material security, and lead a dignified life, restoration of human society, the highest status in the end to slavery were property situation.– Fromm’s concept of happiness was rooted in the alienation of capitalist society, the state of people, from a psychological dimension to explore in depth the well-being of the modern Western issues, building a harmonious society in China, the promotion of human happiness has some theoretical and practical value. N2 - 20世纪著名的人本主义哲学家、心理学家弗洛姆,利用精神分析法,分析了快乐主义幸福观与反快乐主义幸福观的合理性和局限性,肯定了幸福可以作为一种伦理价值标准的观点。弗洛姆在对四种快乐类型区分的基础上,提出了自己对幸福的看法:幸福是与人的本性相一致的存在,是理性充分发展的一种状态。获得幸福标志着创造性地实现自己的潜能,既与世界溶为一体,又维护自己的完整性。这种幸福观具有浓厚的心理学色彩,其主要内容有三方面:第一,需要是幸福的动力。弗洛姆从人的生存本性出发把人的需要分为关联、超越、寻根、认同、献身等五种,并认为五种需要的满足是人幸福的最起码条件。第二,生产性是幸福的核心。生产性是人充分发挥潜能的力量,是每个人都具有的一种态度,一种积极的生存方式,惟有生产性性格的人,才有生产性行为。第三,爱是幸福的源泉。爱的本质是给予,在爱的给予中双方都获得了幸福的体验。弗洛姆认为实现幸福的途径有两种,一是个体心理革命,二是社会改造。通过心理革命,实现心灵拯救,将扭曲的病态人格塑造成生产性的健全人格。通过对经济、政治和文化领域的改造,达到一种人人平等的状态,使每个人在物质上都能够得到保障,过上有尊严的生活,恢复人在社会中的最高地位,结束人被物奴役的局面。弗洛姆的幸福观根植于资本主义社会人的异化状态,从心理学层面深入地探究了现代西方人的幸福问题,对我国构建和谐社会,促进人生幸福有一定的理论价值和现实意义。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Hongya A1 - Li, Tao T1 - On Fromm’s Happiness Thinking in Productive Connotation and Its Contemporary Significance [浅谈弗洛姆幸福思想中的生产性内涵及其当代启示] JF - Economic Research Guide [经济研究导刊], No. 23 (2011), pp. 296-297. N2 - 生产性是弗洛姆思想的主要内容。生产性不仅是人运用其自身的能量,实现内在于自身的潜在的力量,更是一种人生态度,一种积极的人生实践方式。在生产性行为中,人的潜能得以充分实现,完成了人与自身、人与外界的完美结合。在这种物我一体的人生体验中,人的情感,乃至生命得以升华,人达到了一种自足的状态。生产性是弗洛姆幸福思想的核心。 N2 - Productive thinking is Fromm main content. Production is not only people to use their own energy to realize the potential inherent in their own strength, it is an attitude towards life, a positive way of life practice. In the production of sex in human potential can be fully realized, complete with its own people, the perfect combination of man and the outside world. In such a thing in my whole life experience, human emotion, and even lives to sublimate, people reach a state of self-sufficiency. Productive thinking is the core of Fromm happiness. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müßig, Klaus T1 - Zivilcourage bei Adolf Reichwein. Historische Rahmenbedingungen von Reichweins Wirkungsfeld JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 68-72. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Yaowei T1 - Analysis on Master Degree, etc. Candidates' Academic Life in the View of Fromm's Theory [硕士研究生学术生活的弗洛姆式解读], Master Thesis, Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011. N2 - Generally speaking, master Degree, etc candidates begin to receive systemic academic training, they need to make their own efforts in academic research and exploration, which is something new in their former educational experience their school life is academic life to a certain Degree, etc. When master Degree, etc candidates face precipitate academic life, their mental disposition and behaviour choice, which may influence individual development, quality of the postgraduate education and academic sustainable development, is worthy of discussion. First, interviewing 15 interviewees is to collect abundant information, on base of which this study take advanced knowledge as a point of penetration, use Fromm’s social character theory for reference to analyze the marketing orientation, the receptive orientation, the boarding orientation, the exploitative orientation and the rational orientation in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life.– In the end, to draw a conclusion that: First, different orientations don’t Influence individual alone, but mix with each other among four unproductive orientations, or between four unproductive orientations and the rational orientation. Second, many factors play a role in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life, but academic interest is pivotal. This study suggests that unproductive orientations such as the marketing orientation, the receptive orientation, the boarding orientation, the exploitative orientation are dominant, the rational orientation has been weaken even exiled in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life. The rational orientation is dominant in creative academic life, in which unproductive orientations can change into reasonable needs and play positive roles in a certain extent, and then avoid mutual dissimilation between scholarism and man, to lead a harmonious academic life. N2 - 一般说来,硕士研究生在学校教育中开始接受系统的学术训练,需要在学术研究和探索中作出自己的努力,这在之前的教育阶段是不曾有的,硕士研究生的学习生活在一定程度也成为学术生活。硕士研究生怎样应对突如其来的学术生活,会在其中产生怎样的心理倾向,会做出怎样的行为选择对个体发展、研究生教育质量以及学术事业的可持续发展会产生不同程度的、直接或间接的影响,是值得探讨的问题。本研究依照质的研究路径,深入硕士研究生的学术生活场景,对15个访谈对象进行访谈和观察,感受他们的现实处境和心理体验,搜集了丰富的第一手资料。在对访谈资料整理和分析的基础上,以>高深知识<为切入点,借鉴弗洛姆的社会性格理论主要解读了硕士研究生学术生活中的市场性格取向、接受性格取向、囤积性格取向、剥削性格取向等非生产性取向,以及作为生产性取向的理性力量。研究主要有两点发现:一是学术生活中的不同性格取向不是孤立地影响个体,而是混合交织在一起共同对个体发挥作用;二是硕士研究生的学术生活要受到多种因素的影响,但学术兴趣在其中扮演关键角色。本研究认为,市场性格取向、接受性格取向、囤积性格取向、剥削性格取向等非生产性取向目前在我国硕士研究生学术生活中占据了主导地位,而>理性<作为生产性取向的作用被弱化,甚至被放逐。具有创造性的学术生活需要理性占据主导地位,而那些非生产性取向则可以在理性力量的支配下,转化为人的合理需求,在一定的范围内释放它们的积极力量,这样既可以避免人的欲望异化学术,也可以避免学术的压制异化人,进而实现学术与生活的和谐统一 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Xiaohong T1 - Ethical Predicaments in Ian McEwan’s Major Novels, PhD thesis [伊恩•麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境], English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. T2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him a N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him and one winning the Booker Prize, McEwan is now lauded for the ethical vision in his works. Throughout his writing career, ethics have been his major concern, which require further studies. This dissertation is devoted to the exploration of ethical predicaments in his three major novels, aiming to shed light on the continuity and evolution of his investigation of ethics throughout his career. Varied ethical predicaments characterize McEwan’s major novels, including the paradox of freedom, the ethical dystopia, and the ethical dilemma. Each predicament is a response to the particular ethical concerns of his time, demonstrating artistic features of a specific phase of his career as well. >Ethics< not only refer to the accepted beliefs, principles, and rules about right and wrong that guide people in their conducts, but also encompass the contextualized personal understandings of right and wrong. Derived from >ethics<, >ethical< though it can suggest >morally< correct, >always denotes< of or relating to ethics in this dissertation unless specified as otherwise. Predicaments are particular situations that the individual finds difficult and unpleasant. Ethical predicaments as discussed in this dissertation refer to unpleasant situations where it is difficult or impossible for the individual to act rightly. It is discovered that ethical predicaments occupy a vital position in most of McEwan’s novels. Furthermore, the major ethical predicaments in his fiction generally follow a line of development, in response to the changing ethical concerns of his time and his developing artistic techniques and vision. In view of manageability, this dissertation focuses on ethical predicaments in McEwan’s three representative novels – >The Cement Garden<, >The Child in Time<, and >Atonement< – identifying a distinctive ethical predicament in each one, so as to reveal the continuity and development in his treatment of ethical predicaments. Chapter One consists of a brief introduction of McEwan’s standing in Contemporary British literature, a review of English and Chinese scholarship on Ian McEwan, with particular focus on ethical criticism, a definition of the key terms, and then a brief introduction of the scope and structure of the dissertation. Chapter Two investigates the predominant ethical predicament in The Cement Garden the paradox of freedom, with three sections respectively dealing with the ethical anarchy, the positive freedom, and the problematic freedom. Central to this chapter is the argument that the paradoxical features of freedom trap the children in an ethical predicament. Before plunging into concentrated discussions, the chapter first briefly examines the philosophical and cultural influence on McEwan, which may account for his special treatment of freedom in this debut novel.– Section One investigates how the children arrive at ethical anarchy through gradual removal of parental authorities. In the light of Erich Fromm’s theory, it could be discerned that the family is based on an authoritarian ethical system which forces the children to subjugate their freedom to conformity to social norms. Through subverting the patriarchal control and challenging the mother as a teacher of moral precepts, the children eventually enter an ethically anarchic situation.– The ensuing section, centering on the positive freedom, aims to uncover the constructive role freedom plays in reforming traditional ethics. Cross-dressing and incest, the children’s >deviant< behaviors, are often interpreted as signs of depravation brought about by their newly gained freedom. Admittedly, in ordinary circumstances the children’s transgressive acts seem pathological; however, with McEwan’s special artistic representation, their >deviance< affirming spontaneity and creativity, could be read as a critique of the oppressive, hypocritical facets of traditional ethics.– Section Three explores the other side of the paradox – the problematic freedom, disclosing the nothingness and loneliness resulting from their ethical anarchy. Without parental authorities in the house, there is no absolute criterion of moral goodness for the children who have not yet learned to create new values by themselves to confer meaning to life. Consequently, the children experience an excruciating sense of nothingness. Besides, their newfound freedom also results in agonizing loneliness, or a deep sense of unconnectedness, for the removal of the old authoritarian ethical system severs the established interpersonal relations, which, though oppressive to the children in varied ways, used to provide them with a sense of belonging. The markedly different directions the children take when freely developing their individuality also add to their loneliness. Therefore, freedom plays a constructive role in reforming the traditional ethics, but it also tends to bring about distressing nothingness and loneliness. This paradox of freedom constitutes the major ethical predicament in the novel, demonstrating the author’s critical reflections on the ethos of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as his preoccupation with the private domain and the inner world in his early works. Chapter Three moves to examine the ethical predicament in >The Child in Time< – the ethical dystopia – a fearful futuristic situation where the individual is involved in moral corruption or problematic ethical relations. This chapter also falls into three sections, focusing on the moral corruption of the political arena, the vulnerability of marital relations, and the disharmony between nature and humans. A brief examination of the related circumstances in Thatcher Britain precedes the detailed discussions.– Section One probes into the moral corruption of the political arena in the futuristic society, concentrating on the unsettling social injustice indulged by the government and the politicians’ abandonment of ethical principles. As for the first aspect of corruption, McEwan is mainly concerned with the distributive injustice, that is, the abandonment of fairness in the distribution of wealth and benefits among the people. For the second, the author mostly delves into the politicians’ dishonesty.– Section Two focuses on the vulnerable marital relations caused by male dominance. Stephen’s attempt to impose his outlook on Julie aggravates their marriage crisis, while Charles’ assumption that Thelma should act like a self-sacrificing mother distorts their marital relationship.– Section Three inquires into the disharmony between nature and humans, disclosing that humans’ lack of environmental ethics leads to the tattered ecosystem. To be more exact, McEwan seems to suggest that it is the government’s and males’ materialistic, anthropocentric view of nature that is largely responsible for the environmental crisis. On the whole, the chapter reveals three major dimensions to the ethical dystopia portrayed in the novel. It could be seen that the specific ethical concerns in the 1980s Britain and McEwan’s broadened vision carry forward his exploration of ethical predicaments. Chapter Four is devoted to the investigation of ethical dilemma in Atonement, examining in turn young Briony’s ethical dilemma, the ethical dilemma in war, and Briony the writer’s ethical dilemma. McEwan’s recent preference for character-led novels is briefly analyzed at the beginning to account for his scrutiny of ethical dilemma in most of his later novels.– Section One probes into the ethical dilemma that traps young Briony, analyzing the portrayal of the dilemma within two narrative frameworks so as to reveal its rich ethical implications. As a reader unaware of the revelation in the coda, one is invited to penetrate the surface of a personal dilemma to uncover the root causes of young Briony’s quandary rather than focus on the dilemmatic situation. However, when the coda is revealed, the motive behind such representation becomes suspicious.– Section Two explores the soldiers’ ethical dilemmas in the Dunkirk retreat, identifying their >prohibition dilemma< and >obligation dilemma<. McEwan’s vivid portrayal of the soldiers’ internal struggles in the dilemmatic situations lends a fresh perspective to the mythologized historical event.– Section Three examines the ethical dilemmas facing Briony the writer, focusing on her >externally-imposed ethical dilemma< and >self-imposed ethical dilemma<. The economic base proves to be the root cause of Briony the writer’s dilemma as to whether she should persist in publishing her novel or not. In this sense, the dilemma is externally imposed on Briony. Briony imposes another ethical dilemma on herself when attempting to atone through writing. Therefore, this chapter primarily investigates three major ethical dilemmas in the novel, demonstrating McEwan’s exertion to reveal the subtlety and complexity of ethical predicaments.– Chapter Five concludes the dissertation with a short summary of its main contents, which is followed by a brief account of the social and cultural backgrounds of the urgent ethical issues McEwan responds to in his major novels. It also examines the relevance of McEwan’s novels to our time by placing them in the postmodern context, finally winding up the discussions about ethical predicaments by placing McEwan in an enduring tradition. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩如今已是蜚声当代英国文坛的大家,其作品得到了批评家和读者的一致赞誉。但在其事业早期,他的小说却因聚焦暴力、死亡、性乱等主题而备受争议,他也因此被戏称为>阴森的麦克尤恩<。三十多年的创作生涯中,麦克尤恩一直不断推陈出新,其后期作品的风格也与早期小说迥然不同,然而值得注意的是,在任何创作阶段麦克尤恩从未放弃对伦理困境的关注与探索,可以说伦理困境贯穿了其所有作品。批评家已经关注到麦克尤恩小说特殊的道德力量,但从伦理角度进行的研究仍处在起步阶段,伦理困境在其创作中的特殊地位尚未得到重视,这对于麦克尤恩小说研究来说不能不说是一个缺憾。因此本文尝试从伦理的角度切入,挖掘其主要小说中不同的伦理困境,以期揭示其创作中的传承与创新。麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境包括:自由的悖论,伦理反乌托邦,以及伦理两难之境。小说中的每一个主要困境都来自他对时代伦理问题的关注与思考,同时也体现了他在不同创作时期的艺术特色。>伦理<在本文中主要指人们行动中所需遵循的是非观念与原则,同时也包含具体情境下人们对于是非的特殊认识与体验;>困境<意为困难的处境。伦理困境兼有两者之意,在此困难处境中人们或面对两难的伦理选择,或无法逃脱不道德的生活。研究表明,伦理困境在麦克尤恩的每部小说中都有体现,且呈现出阶段性的发展脉络,总体来说呼应了时代伦理环境的变化以及其自身艺术技巧的提升。将麦克尤恩的所有小说作为研究对象将更为理想,但考虑到论文写作的实际条件,本文将仅探讨其三部主要小说《水泥花园》、《时间中的孩子》、《赎罪》中的伦理困境,因所选小说为麦克尤恩三个创作阶段的代表作,其中的伦理困境也具有一定的代表性。本文共分五章。第一章为引语,简要介绍了麦克尤恩在当代英国文坛的重要性,并对国内外的麦克尤恩研究进行了一番梳理,指出了研究中尚存的不足,然后厘清了论文中所涉及的关键术语,最后介绍了论文的选题与结构。第二章探讨了《水泥花园》中的主要伦理困境,即自由的悖论,主要从伦理无序状态、积极的自由、以及消极的自由三方面切入。本章首先简述了小说创作背后的哲学及文化思潮,突出了时代的自由精神对于小说主题的影响。主体部分从探讨水泥花园中的孩子们如何摆脱传统伦理体系的约束开始,分析了家庭中紧张的代际关系,揭示了孩子们摆脱父权压制的欲望与行动,以及他们最终到达的伦理无序状态。自由具有积极意义,自由的获得释放了孩子们被压制的天性与创造力,营造了平等、宽容的气氛。汤姆的异性装扮以及姐弟的乱伦常被认为是伦理无序中的道德堕落或迷误;诚然,以传统道德标准来评判或者脱离小说情境来判断,两种现象几乎都是无法接受的变态或反常行为,然而,麦克尤恩所采用的一系列艺术手法、以及其对具体情境的凸显暗示了另一种伦理指向,引导读者注意反常行为可能具有的积极伦理维度。但是自由同时又带来痛苦,对传统伦理价值的否定以及伦理关系的颠覆使人陷入无尽的虚无与孤独。自由内在的悖论造成难以回避的伦理困境,这是麦克尤恩对二十世纪六七十年代自由精神的反思;同时小说探索自由悖论时对私密领域、个体心理的关注也体现了他早期小说的特色。第三章剖析了《时间中的孩子》所展现的伦理反乌托邦困境。在麦克尤恩创造的未来社会中,政界道德腐化、家庭婚姻关系脆弱、人与自然极端对立,个体处于无法逃脱的伦理困境之中;小说中的伦理反乌托邦影射了撒切尔政府时期英国的社会状况。社会分配的不公,政治家道德的堕落,两者有力地揭示了政界的腐化。根深蒂固的男权思想或加剧家庭矛盾或扭曲婚姻关系,男权思想既体现在丈夫将自我的世界观强加于妻子,又表现在对妻子无私母性的期望,两者都将预设的角色强派给女性。在人与自然的关系中,人类对环境伦理的漠视是两者关系紧张的主要原因;麦克尤恩暗示读者,政府以及男性的人类中心主义、工具理性破坏了人与自然的和谐。当然,仅以性别判断个体的世界观或者行为似乎不妥,麦克尤恩在2008年的采访中也承认这是浪漫主义的假想。本章共揭示了伦理反乌托邦困境的三个维度,由此可见,麦克尤恩一直积极关注当代英国社会的伦理问题,其创作视野也更趋广阔,两者将他对伦理困境的探索带入了一个新的阶段。第四章阐释了《赎罪》中的伦理两难之境,探讨了童年布里奥尼进退维谷的窘境、战争中军人的两难伦理选择、以及作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境。本章首先简要论述了麦克尤恩在创作后期对于人物主导型小说的青睐,这也许可以解释为何伦理两难之境成为麦克尤恩伦理困境探索的新焦点。对于童年布里奥尼的窘境小说中着墨并不多,但它具有不可忽视的伦理涵义。小说未突出小布里奥尼在进退维谷的窘境中如何选择,而是侧重表现她如何陷入这一窘境,以及窘境背后的社会、文化根源。这一表现策略在布里奥尼的作家身份未显现时可能会得到读者的赞同,然而身份一旦表明,这一表现策略的伦理涵义即发生改变,读者也必须重新阐释小布里奥尼的伦理窘境。小说第二部分展示了军人在敦刻尔克大撤退中所遭遇的伦理两难处境,促使读者以新的视角看待这一历史事件;其两难处境主要分为禁令两难和责任两难。本章最后讨论了作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境,困境一涉及小说的出版,困境二与布里奥尼坚持以写作赎罪紧密相关,从根本来讲,前者是外加的伦理两难之境,后者是自我强加的困境。本章中探讨的三大伦理两难之境表明,麦克尤恩在后期作品中更侧重于揭示伦理困境的复杂与微妙,这与其创作理念的变化相呼应。第五章对全文进行了总结,分析了每部主要小说所呼应的时代伦理问题,并在后现代文化与文学背景之下审视麦克尤恩小说的重要性,最后指出伦理困境的文学表达古已有之,而麦克尤恩的贡献在于他对于新时代伦理问题的高度关注与深刻思考,以及在表现手法上的探索。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dong, Xiaofei T1 - Fromm’s Social Ethics Thoughts [弗洛姆社会伦理思想探究] JF - Journal of Hotan Teachers College [和田师范专科学校学报], No. 1 (2011), pp. 16-17. N2 - 从>逃避自由<的人性学说出发,弗洛姆认为,当代资本主义社会是一个不健全的社会。究其原因,主要在于当代资本主义社会造成了人性的严重异化和个体的畸形发展。基于此,弗洛姆力图以>爱的理论<建构来克服当代资本主义社会的道德危机。尽管他的社会伦理思想存在着一些局限性,但其对当代资本主义的社会伦理批判理论,对我们当下坚持科学发展和以人为本有一定的理论价值和现实意义。 N2 - Starting from the humanistic theory of >escape from Freedom<, Fromm argues that contemporary capitalist society is an unsound society. The main reason for this is the serious alienation of human nature and the deformed development of the individual in contemporary capitalist society. For this reason, Fromm attempts to overcome the moral crisis of contemporary capitalist society with the construction of a >theory of love< Although there are some limitations in his social ethical thought, his critical theory of social ethics of contemporary capitalism has certain theoretical value and practical significance for our current adherence to scientific development and humanism. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gao, Hongying T1 - The Humane Development Path of the Technological Society – Analysis of Fromm’s >The Sane Society< [技术社会的人道化发展道路——浅析弗洛姆>健全的社会<] JF - The Merchandise and Quality [商品与质量], No. S1 (2011), p. 137. N2 - 弗洛姆认为目前的技术社会是一个病态的社会,病态的根源在于技术所导致的社会的非人道化发展,而要促成一个健全的社会,首先要将技术重新置于人的控制之下。弗洛姆通过对技术社会的分析以及其非人道化表现的描述,提出了实现技术社会人道化的途径。弗洛姆技术人道化思想的最终目的,是促成一个以人的福祉、人的自由、人的全面发展为最高目标的>健全的社会<。 N2 - Fromm argues that the present technological society is a sick society, that the root of the sickness lies in the dehumanization of society caused by technology, and that the first step towards a healthy society is to bring technology back under human control. Through the analysis of technological society and the description of its inhumane manifestations, Fromm proposed a way to humanize technological society. The ultimate goal of Fromm's idea of humanizing technology is to promote a >healthy society< in which the well-being, freedom and overall development of the human being are the highest goals. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liang, Ruobing T1 - Modern Loneliness Overcome – On Fromm's Theory of Love [现代人的孤独及其克服——浅谈弗洛姆爱的理论] JF - Academic Exchange [学术交流], No. 1 (2011), pp. 17-19. N2 - 随着资本主义以及理性化进程的深入,现代人无疑比传统人更加自由,相互之间交往更加广泛,但同时随着工具理性和科技理性的盛行,孤独感和无助感同时也成为很多现代人的生存状态。为了克服这些负面情感的影响,作为法兰克福学派代表人物之一的弗洛姆继承了马克思的实践理论,提出并详细阐述了创造性活动和成熟形式的爱。他认为,成熟的爱保持个人的个性,尊重他人的自律;真正的爱是给予而非获取,真正的爱包含着关心、责任感、尊敬和了解。弗洛姆爱的理论,为现代人真正克服孤独,成为健康的、完整的人提供了有益的借鉴。 N2 - With capitalism and rationalization, modern man is undoubtedly freer than traditional man and interacts more widely with each other, but at the same time, with the prevalence of instrumental and technological rationality, a sense of loneliness and helplessness has also become a state of existence for many modern man. In order to overcome the effects of these negative feelings, Fromm, one of the leading figures of the Frankfurt School, inherited Marx's practical theory and developed and elaborated on creative activity and mature forms of love. He argued that mature love maintains the individuality of the person and respects the self-discipline of others; that true love gives rather than takes, and that true love involves caring, responsibility, respect and understanding. Fromm's theory of love provides useful lessons for modern people to truly overcome loneliness and become healthy, whole people [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Su, Dan A1 - Qi, Xin T1 - The Psychological Implications of Pinter's Tragedies [品特式悲剧的心理学意蕴] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 18 (2011), pp. 142-144. N2 - 本文借用弗洛伊德、荣格、弗洛姆等心理学家的理论对英国当代戏剧家品特的创作进行心理学解读,认为>恐惧与焦虑<>神圣的玩笑<>社会潜意识<与>合理化<是>品特式<悲剧所蕴含的心理学内涵所在。 N2 - Borrowed the theories of Freud, Jung, Fromm, psychologist psychology interpretation of the creation of contemporary British dramatist Pinter that >fear and anxiety< divine joke >the social subconscious< and >rationalization< Pinter tragedy psychology behind connotation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yuan, Jing T1 - Fromm's Conception of a Sound Society and Its Theoretical Roots [弗洛姆健全社会的构想及理论根源], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy University: Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2011. N2 - Fromm's conception of a >sound society< is the ultimate point of departure for his ideas and the goal of his lifelong struggle. With this as the starting point, Fromm's idea of a sound society focuses on the survival of the individual and his psychological experience of the real world, and strives tirelessly for the realization of a good life for all mankind. Because modern Western society is faced with all kinds of contradictions and crises, which put people's lives in a serious sickness. Faced with the situation of early capitalism, Marcuse and others of the Frankfurt School had the same experience and description of the existence and alienation of human beings in Western society, which reflected the real situation of society and was the expression of the development of Western philosophy. Fromm, with his humanitarian concern, examines the soundness of Western society and feels deeply the all-round alienation of human beings and the unconscious pathology of the terminally ill. By synthesizing and analyzing the theories of Marx and Freud, and using the methods of social analysis and psychoanalysis, he diagnosed the sickness of Western society and tried to save people with humanitarian concern. Of course, whether this can be achieved or not, there are many theories in the academic circles, and it is still debatable. This paper starts from the theory of a healthy society, discusses the inevitable basis and the theoretical basis of Fromm's conception of a healthy society, discusses the feasibility of the road to a healthy society and its solution, and finally explores the theoretical roots of the conception of a healthy society. The first part of the introduction mainly deals with the current status of research on Fromm's ideas, and discusses the depth and breadth of research on Fromm's ideas in Chinese academic circles. The chapter will explain the significance of Fromm's theory of a sound society in the study of social philosophy, and its value to the construction of a harmonious society. In the second chapter, the inevitability of Fromm's concept of a sound society is discussed in detail, and the inevitability of existence is pursued from the theory itself.– The second chapter takes Fromm's divergent view of human existence as a starting point, and then analyzes and cares for the human condition on the basis of this, in order to conceive a sound society. Finally, we will find a way out through love and creativity.– The third chapter describes Fromm's specific path to conceive of a healthy society. Firstly, the first part discusses his analysis of the symptoms of the former capitalist society, and analyzes the real situation of human beings in the sick society from the psychological point of view; secondly, he summarizes the criteria for the conception of a sound society from the reality; thirdly, he concretely argues the implementation plan and the rationality of the proposed sound society.– Chapter 4 attempts to dig out the roots of the theoretical conception of a healthy society after an in-depth study of the theory of healthy society. The theoretical roots lie in the criticism and integration of the theories of Marx and Freud.– The concluding section gives a brief review of Fromm's theory of a sound society, and reveals the rationality and limitations of the theory of a sound society. It enlightens us to think rationally and treat Fromm's theory of a sound society. Through the comprehensive analysis and discussion of Fromm's theory of a sound society, we can see that Fromm is a great humanitarian scholar who tries to make us live in a society that is not only sound, but also full of love, so his concern for humanity is always worth thinking about and learning from. [Automatic translation] N2 - >健全社会<的构想,可以说是弗洛姆思想的最终落脚点,也是他终生的奋斗目标。弗洛姆健全的社会以此为出发点,关注个体的生存状况及其对现实世界的心理体验,为整个人类美好生活的实现而不懈努力。因为现代西方社会面临种种矛盾和危机,置人们的生活于严重的病态之中。面对早期资本主义的处境,像法兰克福学派的马尔库塞等人对西方社会中人的存在境遇,人的异化等都有同样的体验与描述,这都反映了社会的某些真实情况,也是西方哲学发展的时代表现。弗洛姆以人道主义的关怀,对西方社会的健全状况进行了透视,深切感受到社会对人的全面异化,体会到病入膏肓的人们身处的无意识病态。他通过对马克思和弗洛伊德理论的综合与分析,用社会分析和心理分析的方法,对西方社会存在的病态状况进行诊断,以人道主义的关怀来挽救人们。当然能否实现,学界也有众多的说法,还值得再商榷。本文从弗洛姆健全社会理论的本身入手,论述弗洛姆构想健全社会的必然性基础和理论基点;在此基础上探讨健全社会之路的可行性与方案;最后挖掘健全社会构想的理论根源。第一章导论部分主要就弗洛姆思想的研究现状进行了梳理,从我国学术界对弗洛姆思想研究的深度与广度展开,从理论层面的价值和意义入手,重视现实生活中个体存在状态的分析。解释弗洛姆健全社会理论在社会哲学研究中的重要意义,以及对构建当今和谐社会的价值。第二章就弗洛姆健全社会构想的必然性进行详细论证,从理论本身来追寻存在的必然性。以弗洛姆对人自身存在的两歧性为切入点,在此基础上分析关怀人的存在境遇,以此来构想健全的社会。最后在爱与创造性中找到出路。第三章阐述弗洛姆构想健全社会的具体路径。首先第一部分,论述了他对前资本主义社会病症的剖析,从心理学角度分析了病态社会下人的现实境遇;第二部分从现实中总结构想健全社会的标准;第三部分具体论证提出健全社会的实施方案及合理性。第四章经过对健全社会理论的深入研究,试图挖掘健全社会理论构想的根源。从两方面展开论述,弗洛姆身处的时代环境和个人的自身经历;理论根源在于对马克思和弗洛伊德理论的批判与融合。结语部分对弗洛姆健全社会的理论进行了总体的简单评述,揭示了健全社会理论的合理性与局限性。启示我们理性的思考和对待弗洛姆健全的社会理论。通过对弗洛姆健全社会理论的全面分析与论述,我们可以看到,弗洛姆是一个伟大的人道主义学者,企图使我们生活在一个不仅仅是健全的,也是充满爱的社会中,所以他人性的关怀是永远值得思考与学习的。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Yingchun T1 - On the Vocational Students’ Psychological Confusion and >Escape from Freedom< [从弗洛姆《逃避自由》看高职生的心理困惑] JF - China Electric Power Education [中国电力教育], No. 14 (2011), pp. 147-148. N2 - 弗洛姆《逃避自由》中认为自由是共生的两极,人类越是获得自由,同时也就意味着越是丧失自由,从而选择了>逃避自由<。拟从弗洛姆《逃避自由》思想分析我国社会正处于剧烈的转型期过程中,高职院校学生遇到的心理困惑及心理机制,提出解决高职生心理困惑的方法。 N2 - In Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<, freedom is considered as the two poles of symbiosis, and the more freedom human beings gain, the more they lose, so they choose to >escape from freedom<. It is proposed to analyze the psychological confusion and psychological mechanism encountered by the students of vocational colleges and universities in the process of China's dramatic social transition from Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<, and to propose a solution to the psychological confusion of vocational students. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Xiuzhen T1 - Discussion on Anxiety in Literary Activities [论文学活动中的焦虑], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - This paper chooses >anxiety in literary activities< as the object of research, and starts with the anxiety in various stages of literary activities, tries to discuss several specific aspects such as subject creation, literary acceptance, writing of literary history and literary communication, and focuses on the relationship between anxiety and current literary activities. This section mainly discusses the theoretical origins of the anxiety of the creative subject and the intrinsic connection between the two important concepts of >intersubjectivity< and >parody< and the anxiety of the subject. Secondly, the section on literary reception and anxiety deals specifically with the phenomenon of frustrated readers' >expectation horizons< and the reasons for this, as well as Bloom's main theories in this area. The question of the relationship between the writing of literary history and anxiety then begins with the >re-writing of literary history<, looking at the state and causes behind the way in which the writing of literary history has been going. In this paper, we focus on the paradoxical relationship between the freedom of the subject and the anxiety of the subject in literary communication activities in the age of electronic media, in the light of Fromm's theory of >escape from freedom<. After a more comprehensive description of the complexity of anxiety in literary activities, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of anxiety in current literary activities and its underlying causes, firstly discussing the origins of anxiety in current literary activities, starting from the rise of the technological reproducibility era, aesthetic fatigue and the >objectification< of human beings. The essay discusses thoughts on anxiety in current literary activities, analyses the characteristics of current literary activities with reference to the creation and reception of current literary activities, takes literary texts with aesthetic meaning as an example, and provides a comparative and in-depth understanding of certain important characteristics of current literary activities. At the end of the paper it is emphasized that the anxieties in literary activity are viewed through the lens of historical development. [Automatic translation] N2 - 本文选取>文学活动中的焦虑<为研究对象,从文学活动各环节中的焦虑入手,尝试从主体创作、文学接受、文学史的写作、文学传播等几个具体方面展开论述,重点探讨焦虑与当下文学活动的关系。全文首先论述创作主体与焦虑的关系,这一部分主要论述创作主体焦虑的理论缘起以及>主体间性<和>戏仿<这两个重要概念同主体焦虑之间的内在关联。其次,文学接受与焦虑这一部分具体探讨读者>期待视野<受挫现象及其产生原因,以及布鲁姆在这一方面的主要理论。然后,有关文学史的书写与焦虑的关系问题则从>重写文学史<入手,观照文学史写作一直在路上的状态及内在因由。有关文学传播与焦虑的关系问题,则通过联系弗洛姆的>逃避自由<理论,重点探讨了电子传媒时代里文学传播活动中主体自由与主体焦虑间的悖论关系。论文在对文学活动中焦虑呈现的复杂性作了较全面的阐述后,将重点放到了对当下文学活动中的焦虑现象及内在原因的剖析上,先论述当下文学活动中焦虑的缘起,从可技术复制时代的崛起与审美疲劳和人的>物化<等方面展开,最后着重论述对当下文学活动中焦虑的思考,在参考当下文学活动创作和接受的状况,分析当下文学活动特征的同时,以具有审美意味的文学文本为例,通过比较深入认识当下文学活动的某些重要特征。论文结尾强调以历史发展的眼光观照文学活动中的焦虑。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Cailing T1 - The Dilemma of Freedom [自由的困境] JF - Heihe Journal [黑河学刊], No. 5 (2011), pp. 23-24. N2 - 现代人不断争取、获得自由后,却又不断发生异化、逃离自由。这逃避的心理机制到底如何,其后果又是如何呢?又如何使孤独不再成为自由之累呢?弗洛姆在《逃避自由》一书中给出了解答。 N2 - Modern man is constantly striving for and gaining freedom, only to be alienated and run away from it. What is the psychological mechanism of this flight and what are its consequences? How can solitude not become a burden to freedom? Fromm's book >Escape from Freedom< provides the answer. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zang, Hongbao A1 - Jan, Ruijuan T1 - An Alienated Female - On Laura in >Flowering Judas< [异化的女性——《开花的紫荆树》中的劳拉] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Liaoning Educational Administration Institute [辽宁教育行政学院学报], No. 6 (2011), pp. 80-83. N2 - >异化<是二十世纪西方现代文学的主题之一。许多作家在他们的作品里描述了现代人的这种异化感,揭示造成人的异化的种种因素,唤醒人们对它的认识。波特在《开花的紫荆树》里通过刻画异化的劳拉揭示了一个异化女性的生存困境,并运用弗洛姆的异化理论分析了劳拉与他人的关系的异化以及劳拉自我的异化。没有信仰没有爱失去自我,劳拉生活在与他人隔绝、充满绝望和死亡的精神荒原里,成了异化的>物<。 N2 - Alienation was one of the major themes in western modernist literature of the 20th century. Many writers have described modern people’s sense of alienation, revealed the reasons causing it, and thus awakened our consciousness of it. In >Flowering Judas< Katherine Anne Porter shows us an alienated woman’s existing dilemma through depicting Laura-the protagonist. This paper analyses alienation between Laura and other people, and that of herself. Without belief or love, Laura is living in an alienated world full of despair and death, and with a paralyzed self in the spiritual wasteland she has consequently become an >object<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Umpierre, Mari T1 - Review Carol K.K. Chan and Nirmala Rao (Eds.): Revisiting the Chinese Learner: Changing Contexts, Changing Education JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 764-766. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, Helen E. T1 - The Impact of Cultural Evolution on the Ego Ideal, Depression, Psychosis, and Suicide: A South India Community Study of the Widow JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 453-470. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turco, Ronald N. T1 - Review Alesandra Lemma: Under the Skin – A Psychoanalytic Study of Body Modification JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 393-395. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Young, Barbara T1 - The Turn of the Screw: The James Family's Encounters with the Terrors Lurking in the Unconscious Mind JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 313-334. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Jingyu T1 - Living Death – A Study of Insane Personality in >Wonderland< in Light of Fromm’s Theory [虽生犹死 - 以弗洛姆的理论观照《奇境》中人物的不健全人格], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2011, 58 pp. [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 美籍德裔学者艾里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm 1900-1980)终身致力于将马克思主义的社会分析与弗洛伊德的心理分析相结合,创造了>人本主义心理分析学<。其主要论点是:人的基本感情植根于人与社会的相互关系。乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨(Joyce Carol Oates,1938- ),是一位关注个人生存与社会环境的冲突,善于刻画当代美国社会的不良现象给人类生存造成的混乱局面和心理问题的美国当代女作家。在代表作《奇境》中,欧茨深入人物内心最隐秘的地方,揭示他们的恐惧、压抑、绝望,探寻了人类的生存困境、人性的异化以及个体的孤独。本文运用艾里希•弗洛姆的社会性格理论剖析《奇境》人物的不健全人格,指出被动性格导致人类失去活力、陷入困境、虽生犹死,而其成因是现代化工业大生产所导致的人类劳动的异化。论文由五部分组成,包括引言,三章正文和结论部分。引言主要介绍了乔伊斯•卡罗•欧茨的创作背景,概述了小说《奇境》的主要内容,综述了国内外对《奇境》的研究情况。最后指出本论文的研究目的在于:运用弗洛姆关于社会性格的理论,剖析小说中三个典型人物的不健全人格,从而揭示小说中人物悲剧的根源。第一章详细阐述了弗洛姆的社会性格理论。弗洛姆的社会性格理论是以弗洛伊德的根本发现为基础进一步发展而来的。他批判了弗洛伊德的>力比多决定性格<的观点,提出人的性格是在社会的文化、经济、政治的影响下逐渐形成的;同时,社会性格作为联系经济基础与上层建筑的中介,具有改变社会的力量。本章首先通过比较弗洛姆与弗洛伊德的性格理论的异同,梳理了弗洛姆社会性格理论的来源与本质特点,同时指出弗洛姆的心理分析法是透过人的行为的表象,分析其背后的动机。接着,本文通过介绍性格的功能及分类,彰显了性格分析的重要性。第二章主要以弗洛姆关于>逃避机制<的理论为依据,集中讨论了主人公杰西的施虐人格与受虐人格的形成原因以及表现特征。弗洛姆认为,人出生后仍与世界保持着一种>原始联系<,它束缚了人的自由却给了人安全感。随着个体的成长,自我意识觉醒与发展导致>原始联系<破裂。人需要通过劳动和爱重建与世界的积极联系,但这是一个非常困难的过程。>原始联系<的突然断裂会使人因缺乏安全感而产生恐慌和焦虑,为了逃避不安全感,人们通常会选择依附权威或控制他者,这便是施虐与受虐性格形成的原因。杰西童年遭受的家庭与社会的变故摧毁了他与世界的联系,在他的成长过程中,他与养父、导师、妻子、女儿、病人的关系表现了他希望通过顺从和控制重获安全感的努力,但这番努力却将他变成了一个施虐受虐狂。第三章以杰西的妻子海伦和他的次女谢莉为代表,分析了《奇境》中女性的被动人格。不同于欧茨以往作品中的女性形象,《奇境》中的女性,面对男权社会,都具有相对清醒的自我意识与反抗精神,并进行了寻求自我、追求自由的实践。但是,由于这些女性并没有跳出传统角色的桎梏,正视自我的需求,积极地建立与世界的联系,所以她们的命运都以悲剧收场。论文最后推出结论:通过借用弗洛姆的社会性格理论分析《奇境》中的人物性格,我们可以有效解释小说中人物悲剧命运的原因。 N2 - German American Scholar Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm 1900-1980) is dedicated to combine Marxian social analysis with the method of Freud’s psychoanalysis, creating his own >Humanistic Psychoanalysis<. His main argument is that man’s basic emotion is rooted in the mutual relations between people and the society. Joyce Carol Oates is a contemporary American female author who is concerned about the conflict between the individual and his social environment and good at depicting individuals’ dislocation and extreme psychological turmoil which are caused by contemporary America’s philosophical contradiction and its colliding social and economic forces. In her masterpieces >Wonderland<, Oates goes deep into the very recesses of its characters’ brains to explore their fear, suppression and despair, and further investigate human beings ’living predicament, human nature’s alienation and individuals’ isolation. By analyzing characters’ insane personality with Erich Fromm’s theory of social character, the present thesis tries to indicate that predicaments and living death condition of modern people result from their passive personalities which are caused by the alienated labor of modern industrial world. The present thesis includes the introduction, the main body which consists of three parts, and the conclusion.– The introduction of the present thesis, first of all, mainly explicates the background of Joyce Carol Oates’s literary creation, outlines the plot of Wonderland, and views the researches on Wonderland both at home and abroad. Herein evolves the aim of the present thesis – the exploration of the springhead of characters’ tragic life in the Wonderland by investigating their insane personalities in light of Fromm’s social character theory.– Chapter One expounds Fromm’s theory on social character. Although his theory develops from the basic finding of Sigmund Freud, Fromm criticizes his libido determinism, and argues that an individual’s personality is molded by the cultural, economic and political condition in his society. At the same time, as an intermediary between economic base and superstructure, social character can modify the whole structure of the society. This chapter begins with the comparison of Fromm’s and Freud’s character theory and explains Fromm’s psychoanalytical method which focuses on the motivation of human behavior. Furthermore, by discussing character’s functions and classification, the analysis of personality is attached with great significance.– Chapter Two focuses on the formation and expressions of Jesse’s masochistic and sadistic personality with Fromm’s theory on >escape mechanism<. Fromm argues that >primitive ties< fasten an infant to the outside world and give him security. With the growth of the individual, he has to re-build positive relationship with the world to replace severed primitive ties by means of productive work and love. However, this is a tough process. An abrupt rupture of primitive ties will result in a strong sense of fear and anxiety. For avoiding feelings of insecurity, powerful tendencies will arise to escape from individuality into submission or domination, or, as Fromm puts it, masochistic and sadistic strivings. In Jesse’s case, social unrest and family calamity destroy his primitive ties with the world and throw him into an isolated world. His relationship with his foster father, mentors, wife, daughter and patients shows his strivings for regaining security. Unfortunately, however, these strivings turn him into both a sadist and a masochist.– Chapter Three analyzes passive personalities of Jesse’s wife Helene and his younger daughter Shelley, pointing out that it is passivity that prevents women from self-fulfilling. Different from female images in Oates’s earlier works, women in Wonderland, confronting with a male-dominated world, have fairly clear self-awareness and spirit of resistance. Moreover, nearly all of them take actions to achieve self-actualization and pursue freedom. However, their failures of transcending the ready-made roles of traditional women and of establishing active relations with the world prevent them from gaining authentic freedom and happiness.– The last part of the present thesis concludes that analyzing personality with Fromm’s theory provides a viable explanation to the springhead of characters’ tragedies in Wonderland. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitehead, Clay C. T1 - On Emergence: A Neo-Psychoanalytic Essay on Change and Science JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 471-498. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumenfield, Michael T1 - Review Daniel J. Carlat: Unhinged: the Trouble with Psychiatry – A Doctor's Revelations about a Profession in Crisis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 387-389. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berry, Gail W. T1 - Introduction JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 179-180. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Alessandra Lemma and Matthew Patrick (Eds.): Off the Couch: Contemporary Psychoanalytic Applications JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 753-755. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Mark Leffert: Contemporary Psychoanalytic Foundations: Postmodernism, Complexity, and Neuroscience JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 390-392. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - The Use of the Telephone to Extend Our Therapeutic Availability JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 151-154. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Mary-Joan Gerson: The Embedded and Systemic Perspective on Couples and Family Therapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 573-575. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fradenburg, Aranye T1 - The Liberal Arts of Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 589-610. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fine, Paul A1 - Fine, Sally W. T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Community Psychiatry JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 093-110. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fishkin, Ralph A1 - et al., T1 - Psychodynamic Treatment, Training, and Supervision Using Internet-Based Technologies JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 155-168. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forrest, David V. T1 - Teaching Affect Recognition to Medical Students: Evaluation and Reflections JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 229-242. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forrest, David V. A1 - et al., T1 - How, if Ever, Should Psychiatric Patients Be Solicited for Charitable Donations? JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 611-632. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Javanbakht, Arash T1 - A Neural Network Model for Schemas Based On Pattern Completion JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 243-262. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ingram, Douglas H. T1 - When Long-Term Treatment is Not Long Enough JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 181-188. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olarte, Silvia W. T1 - The Interminable Patient: A Case History JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 199-208. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olarte, Silvia W. A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - On the Evolution of Psychodynamic Practice JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 001-006. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olarte, Silvia W. A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - Contemporary Practice Patterns of Dynamic Psychiatrists – Survey Results JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 007-026. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Price, Ann A1 - Alfonso, César A. T1 - Commentary on >Dynamic Psychotherapy with Long-Term Patients< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 217-220. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Read, John T1 - Review Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson (Ed.): The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud: The Illustrated Edition JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 758-760. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. A1 - White, Janice T1 - Dynamic Psychiatry and the Treatment of Anorexia Psychosis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 063-076. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvio, Joseph R. T1 - Review Norman N. Holland: Literature and the Brain JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 375-376. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvio, Joseph R. A1 - Condemarin, Raul T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatrists and Psychopharmacology JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 027-040. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lothane, Zvi T1 - The Partnership of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry in the Treatment of Psychosis and Borderline States: Its Evolution in North America JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 499-524. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maltsberger, John T. A1 - et al., T1 - Traumatic Subjective Experiences Invite Suicide JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 671-694. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samuels, Erin A1 - et al., T1 - Early Childhood Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Non-Adherence in Persons with AIDS: A Psychodynamic Perspective JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 633-650. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chessick, Richard D. T1 - Responds to Commentaries by Mark Leffert and Scott C. Schwartz JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 361-374. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - Review Siddharta Mukherjee: The Emperor of All Maladies – A Biography of Cancer JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 767-772. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Corradi, Richard B. T1 - The Role of Identification in Dynamic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 541-564. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Corradi, Richard B. T1 - Schizophrenia as a Human Process JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 717-736. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Mariam T1 - Review R. J. Vehagen, H. M. van Praag, J. J. Lpex-Ibor, Jr., J. L. Cox, and D. Moussaoui (Eds.): Religion and Psychiatry: Beyond Boundaries JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 377-381. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guasto, Gianni T1 - Welcome, Trauma, and Introjection: A Tribute to Sandor Ferenczi JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 337-346. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lefer, C. T1 - Review Marilia Aisenstein and Elsa Rappoport de Aisenberg (Eds.): Psychosomatics Today, A Psychoanalytic Perspective JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 581-583. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lefer, Jay T1 - Review Dana Birkted-Breen, Sara Flanders, and Alain Gibeault (Eds.): Reading French Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 396-399. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brookes, Crittenden E. T1 - Review Ira Steinman: Treating the Unbeatable: Healing in the Realms of Madness JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 400-405. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hyun, Aerin A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - Conversations Between a Psychoanalyst and a Psychiatry Resident JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 221-226. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Imbasciati, Antonio T1 - The Meaning of a Metapsychology as an Instrument for >Explaining< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 651-670. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holowchak, M. Andrew T1 - Freud on Play, Games, and Sports Fanaticism JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 695-715. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holquist, Michael T1 - Review Anca Parvulescu: Laughter: Notes on a Passion JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 761-763. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richardson, Robert D. A1 - Whitehead, Clay C. T1 - Commentary on Barbara Young: >The Turn of the Screw: The James Family's Encounters with the Terrors Lurking in the Unconscious Mind< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 335-336. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slipp, Samuel T1 - Review Leticia Glocer Fiorini and Graciela Abelin-Sas Rose (Eds.): On Freud's >Femininity< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 756-757. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The Study of Psychic Trauma JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 525-540. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Downey, Jennifer I. T1 - Driven Sexual Behavior in Bipolar Spectrum Patients: Psychodynamic Issues JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 077-092. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartz, Scoff C. T1 - Interminable Treatment: An Autobiographical Study JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 209-216. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartz, Scott C. T1 - Commentary on Richard D. Chessick: >The Rise and Fall of the Autochthonous Self<. Did Art Really Start in Italy? JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 358-360. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Minchev, Plamen T1 - Harakterologiyata na Erih From (Erich Fromm's characterology) JF - Deseta mezhdunarodna konferentsiya Prolozhna psihologiya I sotsialna praktika, Vol. 2. Varna Free University, pp. 199-208. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Groddeck, Georg T1 - Vom Menschenbauch und dessen Seele. Schriften zur psychoanalytischen Psychosomatik 1917–1934, ed. Michael Giefer (= Groddeck Werke, im Auftrag der Georg Groddeck-Gesellschaft), Frankfurt am Main (Stroemfeld / Roter Stern) 2011. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jianan A1 - Liu, Ying A1 - Zhang, Nan T1 - Fascinating Shackles – Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Analysis and Reflection [迷恋镣铐——对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的分析与思考] JF - Journal of Chifeng University (Philosophy and Social Science) [赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版)], No. 7 (2011), pp. 43-47. N2 - 自由,一直以来都是人们向往的精神归宿,但是逃出了一切的藩篱之后,人却会面临由安全感和归属感的缺失所带来的恐慌,于是,自由也便成了新的枷锁。《逃避自由》是弗洛姆的代表作之一,文中通过对>个体化<所带来的双重影响和自由对于人们的双重含义的分析,进而得出现代人的>逃避自由<的心理机制。本文从社会哲学和心理学的角度对弗洛姆的>逃避自由<机制的起因、形成、后果及解决方法进行分析,得出人即使在不自由的境地之中,也可以拥有期望的幸福,这就是对自由的超越。 N2 - Freedom has always been the spiritual home that people aspire to, but after escaping from all boundaries, people are confronted with the panic brought about by the lack of security and sense of belonging, and freedom has become a new shackle. Through the analysis of the double impact of individualization and the double meaning of freedom to people, the paper draws out the psychological mechanism of modern people's >escape from freedom<. This paper analyzes the causes, formation, consequences and solutions of Fromm's mechanism of >escaping from freedom< from the perspective of social philosophy and psychology, and concludes that people can have the desired happiness even in the situation of not being free, which is the transcendence of freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Capaldi, Vincent F. A1 - Gray, Sheila Hafter T1 - Review Richard F. Summers and Jacques R Barber: Psychodynamic Therapy: A Guide to Evidence-Based Practice JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 576-579. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glucksman, Myron L. T1 - Patients Who Stay JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 189-198. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glucksman, Myron L. A1 - Kramer, Milton T1 - The Clinical and Predictive Value of the Initial Dream of Treatment JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 263-284. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gastelum, Emily D. A1 - et al., T1 - Is That an Unconscious Fantasy or an Automatic Thought? Challenges of Learning Multiple Psychotherapies Simultaneously JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 111-132. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. T1 - Review Gary Small and Gigi Vorgan: iBrain: Surviving the Technological Alteration of the Modem Mind JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 580. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kent, Laura K. A1 - Blumenfield, Michael T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry in the General Medical Setting JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 041-062. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kestenbaum, Clarice J. T1 - Secure Attachment and Traumatic Life Events JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 409-420. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz-Bearnot, Sherry T1 - Review Deborah L. Cabaniss, Sabrina Cherry, Carolyn J. Douglas, and Anna R. Schwartz: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Clinical Manual JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 584-586. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz, Debra A. A1 - et al., T1 - Psychiatry Residents and Dynamic Psychiatry: Two Narratives, A Survey, and Some Ideas to Enhance Recruitment JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 133-150. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz-Bearnot, Sherry T1 - The Family Doctor: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Tightly Knit Communities JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 169-178. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brockman, Richard T1 - Aspects of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry II: Psychical Locality and Biology – Toward the Neurobiology of Psychotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 285-312. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brockman, Richard T1 - Aspects of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry III: Magic Spells, the Placebo Effect, and Neurobiology JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 565-572. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brockman, Richard T1 - Aspects of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry IV: Love, Ripe Fruit, and Other Addictions JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 737-748. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leffert, Mark T1 - Commentary on Richard D. Chessick: >The Rise and Fall of the Autochthonous Self<. The Self is Alive and Well and Living at MoMA JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 348-357. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leffert, Mark T1 - The Psychoanalysis and Death of George Gershwin: An American Tragedy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 421-452. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leffert, Mark A1 - et al., T1 - Introduction: Commentaries and Author's Response to Richard D. Chessick: >The Rise and Fall of the Autochthonous Self: From Italian Renaissance Art and Shakespeare to Heidegger, Lacan, and Intersubjectivism< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 347. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carl, Felix T1 - Vom Profit und Defizit des Konsums für das Sein - am Beispiel einer am Haben orientierten Konsumgesellschaft, Hausarbeit, 60 pp. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird im Wesentlichen Bezug auf kritische Ansichten von dem deutschamerikanischen Philosophen und Sozialpsychologen Erich Fromm, dem polnisch-britischen Philosophen und Soziologen Zygmunt Bauman und dem französi-schen Sozialphilosophen André Gorz genommen, im Hinblick darauf, wie eine Konsumorientierung im Wandel der Zeit uns den Blick für den Sinn des Lebens, das Sein also, versperrt. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Martin T1 - Eindrücke aus dem Alltag der Unternehmensberatung JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 15 / 2011, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 6-8. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d15/2011a Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - La creatividad según Erich Fromm. Con textos significativos de Erich Fromm acerca de la orientación productiva de carácter, Mexico City (Demag) 2011, 103 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Der entgrenzte Mensch. Warum ein Leben ohne Grenzen nicht frei sondern abhängig macht, Gütersloh (Güterloher Verlagshaus) 2011. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.randomhouse.de/Buch/Der-entgrenzte-Mensch/Rainer-Funk/e350989.rhd ER - TY - BOOK ED - Funk, Rainer T1 - Was den Menschen antreibt. Psychoanalyse als Theorie und Praxis von Beziehung, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2011. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://web.psychosozial-verlag.de/psychosozial/details.php?catp=&p_id=2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fine, Paul T1 - Review Funk, R.: The Clinical Erich Fromm JF - Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. pp. 382-387. N2 - Erich FROMM always considered that the psychoanalytic basis of his ideas had its roots in Freud's ideas, but he also pointed out by means of a number of reasons, which were the product of his experience as a clinic and researcher of the man-society relation, that Freud's concept's and theories were too narrow for understanding some essential human aspects. For the purpose of widening and going deep into what he considered the essence of Freud's ideas and of the psychoanalysis in general, Erich FROMM made what he called a >dialectic revision of the psychoanalysis<, for which he used his own psychoanalytic experience and the ideas of prominent men in the different areas of science and knowledge. Among the most important reasons for undertaking his theoretical and technic revision of psychoanalysis are Marx' ideas and two of the great religions traditions of the world. In this work, the moments and the way in which the great religions traditions: judaism and budism, influenced the proposal of Erich FROMM for developing a radical humanistic psychoanalysis are shown. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Rau, Hartmut R. T1 - Check It’s. Für das reibungslose Miteinander in der täglichen Routine des Arbeitsalltags, Darmstadt (Justus von Liebig Verlag), 81 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kerscher, Karl-Heinz Ignatz T1 - Sensibel und Responsibel? Fragen Postmoderner Pädagogik nach der Atom-Reaktor-Katastrophe in Fukushima, Grin-Verlag 2011, 122 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kerscher, Karl-Heinz Ignatz T1 - Fasziniert und Aktiviert. Intentionen Postmoderner Pädagogik, Grin-Verlag 2011, 195 pp. N2 - Pädagogik steht gegenwärtig vor ungeahnten Herausforderungen. Soziale Eingliederungsprobleme wie Drogenaffinität, Esstörungen mannigfacher Art, Depressionen bis hin zu Suizidgefährdung, Gewalt unter Schülern usw. stellen die Wirksamkeit von Erziehung, Pädagogik und Bildung auf die Probe. Aber auch kulturelle, gesellschaftliche und globale Herausforderungen erstreben Beachtung. Wie konnte es im März 2011 zur Nuklearen Reaktor-Katastrophe von Fukushima in Japan kommen? Wie könnte das ethisch-moralische Niveau der Intelligenzeliten der Welt angehoben werden? Wie könnten Erziehung, Pädagogik und Bildung zum gesunden Überleben der Menschheit beitragen? Sinnvoll wäre eine weltweite Renaissance der Reformen im Bildungswesen. In Analogie zur Wirkung des Sputnik-Schocks auf die Pädagogik des Westens gälte es, weltweite Kampagnen zur Anhebung des Bildungsniveaus der Menschheit ins Leben zu rufen. Im vorliegenden Buch finden sich in sechs Kapiteln mit insgesamt achtzehn Unterkapiteln Erörterungen über das Profil einer Humanistischen Postmodernen Pädagogik. Zunächst geht es um eine Pädagogik der Personalität. Nach einer ernüchternden Bilanz charakterdeformierender Erziehung und der Analyse des weit verbreiteten Autoritären Charakters erfolgt eine Synopse über die Vielfalt von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen in der postmodernen Epoche. Sodann werden die Eckdaten einer viel versprechenden Pädagogik der Produktivität an den Beispielen der Produktiven Postmodernen Orientierung, der Biophilen Pädagogik und der Friedenspädagogik markiert. Weiter geht es im Text mit wichtigen Ausführungen über eine dringend notwendige Pädagogik der Responsibilitätsförderung mit Unterkapiteln über die Erziehung zur Menschenfreundlichkeit, zum Umwelt- und Tierschutz und zur Pädagogik der Globalisierung. Im Fokus des interessanten vierten Kapitels steht eine Pädagogik der Vitalität. Sexualpädagogik, Positive Pädagogik und Gesundheitserziehung werden hier aspektreich erörtert. Der Inhalt des fünften Kapitels zeigt detailliert Konzepte einer Pädagogik der Faszination auf, insbesondere Erlebnispädagogik, Kreativitäts-Erziehung und Erziehung zum Gestaltungsoptimismus. Das abschließende Kapitel über eine Pädagogik der Initiative enthält spannende Ausführungen zu einer Pädagogik der Förderung von Konstruktivität, Medienkompetenz und Qualität. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kerscher, Karl-Heinz Ignatz T1 - Kreativ und Innovativ. Bausteine Postmoderner Pädagogik, Grin-Verlag 2011, 157 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frech, Siegfried A1 - Metzger, Renate T1 - NEIN zu Stammtischparolen! – Ein Argumentationstraining JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 158-159. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fisch, Axel T1 - Folge deinem Gewissen! JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 24-30. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritzsche, K. Peter T1 - Menschenrechte und Mut - ein enges Verhältnis. 10 Thesen JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 138-141. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fu, Xiaojing T1 - The Research of Erich Fromm's Love Thought [弗洛姆“爱”的思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Public Administration School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 51 pp. N2 - In Fromm’s system of humanitarian ethics, the theory of love is its core, and the Art of Love intensely expresses Fromm’s theory of love system. Fromm’s love thought is deeply affected by the factors of times and society, and it has profound theoretic background.– In the system of Fromm’s love thought, firstly, Fromm believes that love is the answer of the problem of human being’s existence. From the perspective of human’s survival circumstances including’ survival antinomy’ and ’history antinomy’, Fromm holds that men have the needs of contact, surpassing, seeking roots, identification and orientation, and that love is the best way of overcoming loneliness and isolation.– Secondly, Fromm believes that the essence of love is giving not gaining, and true love has the trait of productive character, meaning the creation of life’s value and vitality. True love embodies in four elements such as concern, responsibility, respect and understanding, and they permeate in brother’s love, maternal love, sexy love and the love of God.– Finally, love thought must be connected with practice, and then we’ll achieve the art of love. Fromm tried to build a sane society’ by means of exploring love, namely, so-called psychological revolution, to make individuals full of love and be persons of productiveness. Seeing the limitation of Fromm’s love theory, this article focuses on the digging of certain rationality and realistic significance of Fromm’s love thought. The research of Fromm’s love thought provides important theoretical resources for the love ethical research in our country. N2 - 在弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学体系中爱的思想居于核心地位。《爱的艺术》集中展现了弗洛姆关于爱的思想的体系。弗洛姆关于爱的思想深受时代和社会因素的影响,有深刻的理论渊源。在弗洛姆爱的思想体系中,首先,弗洛姆认为爱是对人类存在问题的解答,他从人类生存境遇的两个>二律背反<即>生存的二律背反<和>历史的二律背反<出发,认为人具有联系、超越、寻根、认同、定向等需要,而爱是克服孤独和分离的最佳手段。其次,弗洛姆认为爱的本质是给予而非获取,爱具有生产性品格,意味着创造生命的价值和活力。真正的爱体现在关心、责任、尊重和认识等四要素上,它们渗透在胞爱、母爱、性爱、自爱与神爱中。最后爱的理论要与实践相结合,这样才能成就爱的艺术。弗洛姆试图通过爱的探寻的心理革命以建立一个>健全的社会<,使个人成为充满爱和生产性的人。在看到弗洛姆关于爱的思想的局限性的同时,文章重点挖掘了弗洛姆爱的思想的 合理性及其现实意义。研究弗洛姆关于爱的思想为我们进行爱的伦理研究提供了重要的理论资源。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Chuanqi T1 - An Exploration of Fromm’s Humanology Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探本], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2011. N2 - Erich Fromm is one of the most prominent humanism thinkers in the twentieth century. Generally speaking, his doctrine is one kind of humanism religion. Fromm kept on writing all his lifetime and published plenty of books. His research is mainly on issues around people and he developed a wealth of humanology theory based on his human nature theory which is the core theory and foundation of his whole thought. This paper attempts to explore Fromm’s humanology theory focusing on his human nature thought. This article is divided into three parts.– In the first part, we investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin of his humanology theory. To accurately understand a person’s thinking, a biographical book is required. So, to explore Fromm’s humanology thought, we must investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin first of all. This paper argues that Fromm’s personal experience, especially his family tradition has a decisive influence on the formation of Fromm’s humanology thought. This is reflected in the following areas: the setting of human values by Fromm directly comes from prophets’ Jewish that he accepted in his early years; The religiousness is also directly from Jewish-Christian religion, which is the fundamental character of his humanology thought. The decisive role of personal experience is linked to the origin of his humanology theory. Fromm’s theorical origins include the prophets’ Judaism, Marx’s theory on human emancipation, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, Bachofen’s matriarchal theory, Zen and so on. Among these theoretical origins, prophets’ Judaism decides the fundamental characteristics and the content of his humanology thought with his personal experience.– In the second part, we investigate the content of Fromm’s humanology thought from the viewpoint of human nature. First of all, we note Fromm’s research methods: the overall approach and empirical methods. This part mainly focus on his human nature, human needs, the sinking of people, how to save the people sunk. Besides, We also research his theory of social characters and social unconscious in this part. Fromm definited human nature as his relation to existential dichotomies which caused the division. Contradictions of human existence lead to five spiritual needs: the need for unity, the need for surpassing, the needs of roots, the need of identity sense, the need for orientation and devotion. Human being continually generates as he solve the existential dichotomies that cannot be removed. To meet the needs caused by the existential dichotomies, people keep on probing, in which process people stray into the wrong track. People fall into the sunk state. This is reflected on two sides: to escape from freedom, full of destructiveness, tending to possess all of which are in the internal dimension; alienation in the external dimension. Faced to this sunk state of human beings, Fromm presented the general program for the humanitarian rescue. Fromm argued that we should develop the way of life preferring to being through playing the role of brilliance of human nature such as love, rationality and creativeness, which is his spirit reform, as well as social reform in political, economic, cultural and other fields at the same time. In addition, this article makes efforts to study Fromm’s theory on the destructiveness issue. Through multidisciplinary study, Fromm argued that people inherently have aggressive defense, but destructiveness which is a sort of vicious violations is just the result of the development of human civilization. Consequently, we should adjust our civilization to quell the destructive tendencies.– In the third part, we make some comments on Fromm’s humanology thought based on Marxism. First, the paper argues that Fromm’s humanology theory has three notable features: human value pre-set, purely religious and realistic Utopianism. Secondly, in the Marxist view, Fromm’s humanology theory goes with significant limitations in the following aspects: mistakes in the definition of human nature, the fallacy of the human nature drive force theory on historical kinetic issue, the fantasy of rescuing human beings plan. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是二十世纪最杰出的人本主义思想家之一,他的思想可以用人本主义宗教来冠名。弗洛姆一生笔耕不辍,著作等身,他的研究主要是围绕着人的问题进行的,形成了丰富的人学思想,其中人性理论是其核心和基石。本文尝试围绕着人性理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行探本性考察。文章分为三个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人学思想形成的个人经历、社会背景,以及其理论渊源。要确切地了解一个人的思想,一本传记性的书是必需的。要探本弗洛姆的人学思想,首先必须对弗洛姆的个人经历及其生活的社会背景进行考察,并要研究他人学思想的理论渊源。本文认为弗洛姆的个人经历尤其是他的家族传统对他人学思想的形成具有决定性的影响:弗洛姆对人的价值设定就直接取自其早年所领受的先知的犹太教;他的人学理论的根本性质——宗教性也是直接来自于犹太-基督宗教的影响。个人经历的决定性作用是和他学说的理论渊源联系在一起的。弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源主要包括先知的犹太教、马克思的人类解放学说、弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、巴霍芬的母权论、禅宗等。其中先知的犹太教和弗洛姆的个人经历共同决定了他人学思想的根本特点及内容。第二部分以人性为视角对弗洛姆人学思想的内容进行考察。本部分首先指出弗洛姆研究问题的方法:总体性方法和实证的方法。这部分主要围绕他的人性思想、人的需要思想、人的沉沦和人的拯救理论展开,还考察了他的社会性格和社会无意识理论。弗洛姆把人性定义为人的生存矛盾(二律背反)造成的人的分裂。由于人的生存矛盾引起了人的五种精神需要:合一的需要、超越的需要、寻根的需要、身份感的需要、定向与献身的需要。人在解决其不可消除的生存矛盾中不断地生成。为了要满足由其生存矛盾所引起的需要,人不断地求索,在这个过程中,人误入了歧途,陷入沉沦之中,表现为内在层面的逃避自由、破坏性、重占有的生存方式,以及外在层面的异化。面对人的沉沦,弗洛姆提出了人道主义的总体性拯救方案,包括通过精神改革,发挥爱、理性、创造性的人性光辉,使人养成重生存的生存方式,以及政治、经济、文化等领域同时进行的社会改革。此外,本文还着力考察了弗洛姆对人的破坏性问题的认识。通过多学科的综合考察,弗洛姆认为人具有天生的防卫侵犯性,但是作为恶性侵犯的破坏性只是人类文明发展的结果,我们应该通过对我们文明的调整来消除人的破坏性倾向。第三部分立足于马克思主义理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行评论。首先,本文认为弗洛姆的人学思想具有三个显著的特点:价值的预先设定性、纯粹的宗教性和现实的乌托邦性。其次,在马克思主义看来,弗洛姆的人学思想带有显著的局限性,表现在:人性定义的迷误、关于历史动力理论之人性动力论的谬误和人的拯救方案的空想性。 Y1 - 2011 ER -