TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Bo T1 - The Golden Notebook, >Freedom of Women<, Anna’s Dreams Interpretation [《金色笔记》中>自由女性<安娜梦的解析] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Era Literature (The Second Half) [时代文学(下半月)], No. 4 (2011), p. 149. N2 - 莱辛在《金色笔记》中花大量笔墨描写了女主人公安娜所做的各种各样的梦,本文综合运用美国当代心理学家、社会学家弗罗姆的理论对安娜的梦境进行解读。 N2 - Lessing >The Golden Notebook< spend a lot of ink describing variety of dream heroine Anna did this paper, the use of contemporary American psychologists, sociologists Fromm's theory of Anna dream interpretation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yu, Xianghong T1 - An Analysis of the Alienation Theme in Mr. Sammler 's Planet, Master thesis [《塞姆勒先生的行星》中的异化主题分析], English Language and Literature, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Saul Bellow is one of the greatest writers after the Second World War, and his works have attracted the attention of the world. Through the depiction of modern intellectuals, the works of Bellow reveal profoundly the spiritual crises existing in the contemporary western countries. The protagonists of Bellow never escape from the reality, but explore their spirits insistently. They courageously get to know themselves and learn to come to terms with the world. Readers will always find a ray of hope from the protagonists who are in dilemmas, loneliness and alienation. There are already scholars in China analyzing Bellow's Herzog from the perspective of alienation. But due to the scarcity of the studies on >Mr. Sammler's Planet< in China, there are still no scholars who analyze the novel from the perspective of alienation. In the reading of the novel, the thesis writer recognizes the theme of alienation in the novel. The thesis provides a new-perspective for the analysis of the novel Saul Bellow is one of the greatest writers after the Second World War, and his works have attracted the attention of the world. Through the depiction of modern intellectuals, the works of Bellow reveal profoundly the spiritual crises existing in the contemporary western countries. The protagonists of Bellow never escape from the reality, but explore their spirits insistently. They courageously get to know themselves and learn to come to terms with the world. Readers will always find a ray of hope from the protagonists who are in dilemmas, loneliness and alienation.– There are already scholars in China analyzing Bellow's Herzog from the perspective of alienation. But due to the scarcity of the studies on >Mr. Sammler's Planet< in China, there are still no scholars who analyze the novel from the perspective of alienation. In the reading of the novel, the thesis writer recognizes the theme of alienation in the novel. Through the application of Marx and Fromm's theories on alienation to the analysis of the alienation in characters like Mr. Sammler, Wallace, Angela and Shula, the thesis exposes the living conditions of intellectuals and the social realities of the 1960s. The thesis provides a new perspective for the analysis of the novel. N2 - 索尔•贝娄是第二次世界大战后美国最伟大的作家之一,其作品受到广泛的关注。通过对当代知识分子的描写,贝娄的作品深刻地揭露了当代西方国家普遍存在的精神危机。贝娄的主人公从不逃避现实,而是不断进行精神探索,勇于认识自我,并学会如何与现实世界相处。读者总是能在处于困境、孤独及异化状态中的主人公身上看到希望。已有学者从异化角度出发解读贝娄的《赫索格》,但是国内对《塞姆勒先生的行星》一书的研究比较少,目前还没有学者从异化的角度来解读本书。笔者通过阅读发现《塞姆勒先生的行星》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思和弗洛姆的异化理论,通过对塞姆勒先生、华莱士、安吉拉和秀拉异化分析,揭示了二十世纪六十年代知识分子的生存状态及社会现实。本文为该小说的研究提供了一个新的视角。索尔•贝娄是第二次世界大战后美国最伟大的作家之一,其作品受到广泛的关注。通过对当代知识分子的描写,贝娄的作品深刻地揭露了当代西方国家普遍存在的精神危机。贝娄的主人公从不逃避现实,而是不断进行精神探索,勇于认识自我,并学会如何与现实世界相处。读者总是能在处于困境、孤独及异化状态中的主人公身上看到希望。已有学者从异化角度出发解读贝娄的《赫索格》,但是国内对《塞姆勒先生的行星》一书的研究比较少,目前还没有学者从异化的角度来解读本书。笔者通过阅读发现《塞姆勒先生的行星》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思和弗洛姆的异化理论,通过对塞姆勒先生、华莱士、安吉拉和秀拉异化分析,揭示了二十纪六十年代知识分子的生存状态及社会现实。本文为该小说的研究提供了一个新的视角。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Xiaohui T1 - >The Art of Loving<: Cleanse the Soul with Love [《爱的艺术》:用爱涤荡心灵] JF - First Financial Daily [第一财经日报], Shanghai, August 12 (2011). N2 - 这本被誉为>爱的圣经<的小册子,55年来已被译成32种文字,在全世界畅销不衰。>弗洛姆是时代的精神先知,而不是人类梦想家,他的思想和地位在今后中国会变得越来越重要。<复旦大学哲学系教授陈学明在接受采访时说$$  天真的、孩童式的爱情遵循下列原则:>我爱,因为我? N2 - This is known as the >the Bible of the love< booklet, 55 years, has been translated into 32 languages and in the world, sold briskly. >Fromm is the spirit of the times the Prophet, rather than human dreamer, his thoughts and status in the future China will become increasingly important. Fudan University philosophy professor, said in an interview with Chen Xueming naive, child type of love to follow the following principles: >I love, because I […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Xiaoxia T1 - Alienation and Reversion of Human Nature – Erich Fromm’s Interpretation of >Marx's Concept of Man< [ 人性的异化与复归——弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - Theory Horizon [理论界], No. 11 (2011), pp. 99-100. N2 - 人性和异化理论是>西方马克思主义<的一个重要组成部分。作为法兰克福学派的代表理论家,E.弗洛姆在《马克思关于人的概念》一书中主要通过阐释和深发马克思的1844年巴黎手稿来表述自己对于人性和异化问题的看法,启迪后人思考人类的出路与未来。 N2 - Human nature and theory of alienation is an important part of the >Western Marxism<. As representatives of the Frankfurt School theorists, E. Fromm book >Marx concept of Man<, mainly through the interpretation and Karl Marx's 1844 Paris Manuscripts to express their own views of human nature and alienation inspire future generations. Consider the way out and the future of mankind. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Bohai T1 - The Possibility to Choose Freedom – Modern Spirit of a Philosophical Problem [自由选择何以可能 - 现代人精神问题的一种哲学寻求], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2011. N2 - The new findings, the physical universe Odd though it sounds, substances are far away from the earth. The Entropy irreversible told us that the universe will eventually collapse British physicist Stephen Hawking facing environmental pollution Your s tendencies to think that much cleverer than it was one thousand years in the next 200 years could perish Natural disasters occurred frequently in 2010, according to statistics have 30 million people died from natural disasters. Various facts seems to be shown to us what, earth how? Once concern about the event, those foxconn employees jumped 80/90 of young man how they 14 even jump seems to be telling us, saying, how? Entropy worldview tells us that man alive is meaningless, the universe is ultimately towards eternal silence, the destiny of man is death. Human civilization will eventually destroyed. So we all the hard work was in vain, are bubble, are self-deceiving just. If we only by the individual's survival as value whether the judgment standard that is wrong. Human existence is the creation of the universe, the essence of man was created. People can't change die facts, also cannot change life. The significance of man lies in the creation of life activities. Each human being is different, but after entering society became the same person, this is how sad thing. Personality is the essence of the universe forever, the human has not been in other known planet found signs of life. Man is a character creation of the universe. Personality is the nature of the life, the home that did not individualize life has no life. People can't escape the personality, most only can deceive others, deceive not inner needs. Society at a certain extent suppresses the person's personality, the person's personality thought latent up became unconscious. We know the person's behavior is conscious behavior, when the behavior of people cannot reflect individual character, can only say that he's freedom may exist on his subconscious. Subconscious question is a complex problem. Freud to subconscious makes a thorough analysis, he thinks the subconscious is individual early sex oppression and traumatic memories. Jung proposed the collective unconscious theory. Fromm's speak social unconsciousness. They from different aspects elaborated subconscious and its influence on the individual. Modern industrial society brought prosperity is unprecedented, it seems that we also see the wonderful world of the future. But we cannot ignore the truth is the earth pollution, the consequences of mountain glaciers, large quantities of animal extinct. We asked again next victim who is it? The end result is human destruction. Death is inevitable, but suicide really can stop. Human suicide behavior from their way of life. The improvement of living standards brings many do not reduce needs, and the needs of the foundation is from natural resources supply. Earth's resources are limited and when one day these resources exhausted, humans do? Humans will not perish in the earth before perish. Human suicidal behavior from multiple individuals of suicides. Pursuing perfection is the person's ideal, but as people itself is not perfect, birth and death cannot be changed regularly. Nietzsche announced that god of death facts, humans have no religious beliefs, no spiritual home, they will be transferred to the survival significance on the body, the pursuit of physical stimulation became value pursuit. Sexual open independences is the AIDS epidemic, individual die from simple physical enjoyment. Modern society cannot avoid being human dissimilation, alienation brings a false sense of satisfaction. Those so-called work happiness is the product of the individual being deceived. Individual freedom is need spare time guarantee. Marx picture for us the communist society, morning, noon, afternoon fishing work painting. Actually mean people out of work the leisure time to develop their own other aspects of potential. Modern society than front is progressive, i.e. the leisure time should be longer. When British workers to push for eight hours of workday chartism today, at its results still retained. But some enterprise workers could not every day to do only eight hours of work. Consider the factory workers is free? It is character? Facing these problems, the paper made his own understanding, in order to solve these problems made philosophical thinking. N2 - 宇宙物理的新的发现,宇宙物质正在远离地球。熵的不可逆性告诉我们宇宙最终会坍缩。英国物理学家霍金面对环境污染悲观认为人类在200年后就可能灭亡。2010年自然灾害频繁发生,据统计有30万人死于自然灾害。种种的事实似乎在向我们说明着什么,地球怎么了?曾经一度引起人们关注的富士康员工跳楼事件,那些80、90的年轻人怎么了,他们14连跳,似乎在向我们说,人怎么了?熵的世界观告诉我们,人活着是没有意义的,宇宙最终是走向永恒的沉寂,人的命运只有死亡。人类的文明最终会毁灭。这样看来我们的所有的努力都是白费,都是泡影,只是自欺欺人而已。如果我们只是以个体的是否生存作为价值的判断标准那就错了。人的存在是宇宙的创造,人的本质是创造。人不能改变要死的事实,同样也不能改变生。人的意义在于生命活动的创造。每个人生来都是不同的,但是进入社会后却成了相同的人,这是多么悲哀的事情。个性是宇宙永恒的本质,人类至今没有在其他已知的星球发现生命的迹象。人就是宇宙的一种个性创造。个性就是人的生命本质,没有个性的生命没有生命。人不能逃避个性,最多只能欺骗别人,欺骗不了自己的内心需要。社会在一定程度上压抑了人的个性,人的个性的思想潜伏起来成为了潜意识。我们知道人的行为是有意识的行为,当人的行为不能体现个性的时候,只能说他的自由的可能存在于他的潜意识里。潜意识的问题是一个复杂的问题。弗洛伊德对潜意识作了深入的分析,他认为潜意识是个体早年的性压抑和创伤记忆。荣格提出了集体无意识的理论。弗洛姆讲社会无意识。他们从不同的方面来阐述潜意识及其对个人的影响。现代工业社会带来的繁荣是空前的,我们似乎也看到了未来的美好世界。但是我们不能忽视的真相是地球污染导致的后果,冰山融化,大批的动物灭绝。我们再问下个受害者是谁?最终的结果是人类的灭亡。死亡是不可逃避的,但自杀确实可以阻止的。人类的自杀式行为来自于他们的生活方式。生活水平的提高带来的是许多的不可降低的需要,而这些需要的基础是来自于自然资源的供给。地球的资源是有限的,当有一天这些资源耗尽时,人类该怎么办?人类会在地球未灭亡之前灭亡。人类的自杀行为来自于多个个体的自杀行为。追求完美是人的理想,但是作为人本身就不是完美的,生老病死是无法改变的规律。尼采宣布上帝死亡的事实,人类没有的宗教的信仰,没有了精神的家园,他们将生存的意义转移到了身体上,追求肉体的刺激成了价值的追求。性开放的恶果是艾滋病流行,个体死于单纯的肉体享受。现代社会不可避免是人的异化,异化带来的是虚假的满足。那些所谓的工作快乐是个体受欺骗的产物。个体的自由是需要闲暇时间的保证的。马克思为我们描绘的共产主义社会里,早上钓鱼,中午工作,下午画画。实际上是说人在工作之余有闲时间发展自己其他方面的潜能。现代社会比起前边是进步的,也就是说这种闲暇时间是应该更长的。当年英国工人争取8小时工作日的宪章运动,在今天它的成果仍然保留着。但是有些企业工人不可能每天只做8小时的工。想一想这样的工厂里的工人是自由的吗?是个性的吗?面对这些问题,本文做了自己的理解,为解决这些问题做了哲学上的思考。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Chaobing T1 - An Inquiry into Erich Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆人道主义思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China 2011. N2 - As one of the most famous modern western humanitarian, Erich Fromm takes the existent state of people in 20th century as his observing and studying object. By his critical eyes, Fromm scanned the modern capitalist societies represented by America and the people’s conditions of existence living in it. Fromm has acute insight into the breakdown of the value of western societies and the all-sided dissimilation of people living in it through the appearance of the western societies’ economic prosperity and material abundance. Fromm diagnosed that as sick society and morbid person, then delivered an thought-provoking plaint that modern western societies was moving into backslide and their people was sinking into depression. In order to help modern western societies change from sickness into sound and save western people from spiritual and moral crisis, Fromm critically absorbed the humanistic academic distillate of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, Marxist theory, the social critical theory of Frankfurt School. Basing on the combination of these ideas, Fromm established his new humanistic ethics. Fromm’s humanistic ethics is committed to revealing the symptom of society and the dissimilation of person, and views the realization of >human freedom<, >human liberation< and >human all-round development< and the construction of a right society as the theoretical mission. This paper systematically expatiates and analyses Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism around the main line of humanitarianism.– Firstly, this paper discusses Fromm’s understanding of the concept of human and human nature, and his basic ideas about the good and evil of human nature which set out from the basic of Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism: the theory of human nature.– Secondly, this paper expounds the main content of Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism: views of freedom, the theory of love, the ideas of overall dissimilation, and Fromm’s discussion of the humanistic ethics. In the basic of analyzing the morbidity of modern capitalist societies and the spiritual crisis of people living in it, this paper discusses Fromm’s scheme of >right society< to resolve these issues and the social reform measures to achieve that target.– At last, this paper delivers an overall evaluation on Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism including the evaluation of the traits of his theory, the theory’s significance, contribution and limitations. N2 - 作为现代西方著名的人道主义伦理学家,弗洛姆以20世纪人的生存状态为其重要的观察和研究对象。他以批判的目光审视着以美国为代表的现代资本主义社会和生活于其中的人的生存境遇,透过西方社会经济繁荣和物质丰裕的表象,弗洛姆敏锐地洞察到了西方社会价值的崩溃和生活于其中的人全面异化,丧失了自我。弗洛姆将其诊断为病态的社会和不健全的人,发出了现代西方社会正在走向堕落、西方人正在走向沉沦的令人深思的感慨。为了使现代西方社会从病态走向>健全<,使人从精神和道德的危机中摆脱出来。弗洛姆批判地吸收了弗洛伊德精神分析学说、马克思主义理论,法兰克福学派的社会批判理论等多元思想的人道主义精华,并在综合这些思想的基础上,提出了新的>人道主义伦理学<。弗洛姆人道主义伦理学始终致力于揭示社会的病症和人的异化,并以探讨实现>人的自由<、>人的解放<和>人的全面发展<的途径和促成一个人道化的>健全的社会<为理论使命。本文以人道主义为主线,对弗洛姆人道主义思想进行系统的阐述和分析。首先从构成弗洛姆人道主义思想的理论基础——人性论入手,分析了弗洛姆对人和人性概念的理解及其关于人性善恶的基本观点;其次就弗洛姆人道主义思想的主要内容:自由观、爱的理论、总体异化论和弗洛姆对人道主义伦理学的阐述这四个部分展开论述;在分析现代资本主义社会病态和生活于其中的人的精神危机的基础上,阐述弗洛姆为解决这些问题所提出的健全社会的构想以及实现这一构想的具体社会改革措施。文章的最后对弗洛姆的人道主义思想进行总的评价,具体包括对弗洛姆理论的特色、意义、贡献及局限性的评述。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Li T1 - Love is the Best Salvation – Fromm's Love Analysis Reread [爱是最好的救赎——弗罗姆>爱<的重读与评析] JF - Journal of Changsha Railway University (Social Science) [长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2011), pp. 62-64. N2 - 弗洛姆爱的理论指出了现代西方社会爱的异化和衰亡;指出了爱是一种能力,是整体人格的展现,是一个人是否拥有成熟的人格的体现;人们需要努力健全自己的人格,培养创造性人格,才有能力去爱,才能发展爱的能力。爱是人类走出生存困境的解决方式,是西方社会问题的救赎之道。弗洛姆对爱的论述是其对当代西方社会进行批判的产物,同时也是他试图综合弗洛伊德和马克思思想的结果。 N2 - Fromm love theory pointed out that the alienation of modern Western society love and decay; pointed out that love is an ability, is the whole personality of the show, whether a person has a mature personality manifestation; people need to work a sound of their own personality, the to cultivate creative personality, have the ability to love, can develop the ability to love. Love is a human out of the survival plight solution, the Western social issues Redemption Road. Fromm discourse on love is a product of its criticism of contemporary Western society, and also the results of the comprehensive Freud and Marx thought he tried. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Xiaolei T1 - >Bell Jar< under Life's Journey [>钟形罩<下的人生旅程] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 24 (2011), p. 557. N2 - In this paper, Fromm's theory of the life of the forward and reverse analysis of Sylvia Plath's autobiographical novel >bell jar<, pointed out that the protagonist Esther after three stages of life: life spiritual crisis and return to the 1950s American society, in a society in transition. N2 - 本文运用弗洛姆的前进与倒退方面的生命理论分析西尔维娅.普拉斯的自传体小说《钟形罩》,指出了主人公埃斯特人生历经三个阶段:生命,精神危机以及回归50年代处于社会转型期的美国社会。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rao, Fengtao A1 - Lu, Shanzhi T1 - >Escape from Freedom< and Its Reflection [《逃避自由》的思想及其反思] JF - Jin Tian [金田(励志)], No. 7 (2011), p. 78. N2 - 弗洛姆分析了现代人的整个性格结构,指出了人逃避自由的根源和途径,并给出了相应的解决方案,值得我们反思。 N2 - Fromm analyzed the entire character structure of modern man, who pointed out the causes and ways to escape from freedom, and the corresponding solutions worthy of our reflection. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Risari, Giorgio T1 - Il pensiero di Erich Fromm tra filosofia e psicoanalisi, Roma (Author's Edition) 2011, 386 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Simon, Fritz B. A1 - Haass-Wiesegart, Margarete A1 - Zhao, Xudong T1 - Wie die Psychotherapie nach China kam. Geschichte und Analyse eines interkulturellen Abenteuers, Heidelberg (Carl Auer) 2011, 250 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walser, Maria von T1 - Erich Fromm und seine Kunst der Liebe und des Lebens JF - Die Weisheit ist weiblich: Geschichten von ganz besonderen Frauen und Männern, Freiburg im Breisgau (Herder Verlag) 2011, pp. 84-89. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Van der Horst, F. C. P. T1 - John Bowlby – From Psychoanalysis to Ethology. Unraveling the Roots of Attachment Theory. Chichester (Wiley) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN ED - Boschan, P. J. T1 - Sándor Ferenczi y el psicoanálisis del siglo XXI. Buenos Aires (Letra Viva) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Black, D. M. T1 - Why Things Matter. The Place of Values in Science, Psychoanalysis and Religion. London (Routledge) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bronner, Stephen Eric T1 - Critical Theory: A Very Short Introduction, New York (Oxford University Press) 2011, 144 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Meng T1 - The Loneliness Lying between the Orient and the Occident [横亘的孤独 - 鲁迅与卡夫卡比较], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - In the this article, the author is going to analyze the lonely consciousness of in Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's on the basis of the explanation from their works, the sense of individual existence, and the lonely consciousness through their early before things sell out. Skip long lines and of The author also attempts to answer some questions below: how does the pursuit of freedom of humanity and individual psyche bring about the loneliness? Although Lu Xun and Franz Kafka both concentrate on the individual existence and individual freedom, why do their lonely images distinguish from each other? Under the condition of loneliness, why are their choices so different? In order to answer these questions, firstly, the author analyzes the different choices of the lonely consciousness made by Lu Xun and Franz Kafka through certain aspects such as their origin of loneliness, behavior, of loneliness and reaction of loneliness. Secondly, the author will explain above phenomenon from the perspective of the origin of western and eastern culture. And avoid searching the reasons through the comparison of their different individual characters and different lives. In addition, the author will emphasize the points which are easily ignored from the perspective of metaphysics. The main body of the thesis will be divided into three parts according to their origin of loneliness, behavior of loneliness and reaction of loneliness.– In the first chapter, the author is going to narrate Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's intense on the western humanity and their emphasis on the individual existence and will, both of whom are mostly affected by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. The author also will discuss their different tendency to the past philosophy and their focus on the different starting points and purposes due to their diversity of historical and cultural background.– In the second chapter, firstly the author will expound Fei Luomu's [Erich Fromm] comprehension of freedom and loneliness, and then narrate Fei Luomu's theory which is partly applied in Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's thought of loneliness. Although there will be a short discussion of the improper aspects of the application.– Secondly, the author will analyze the lonely consciousness in their works through the viewpoint of the relation of freedom and loneliness. The main reasons to cause them to obtain a profound experience of the freedom and loneliness is their similar ideology of concentration on humanity and individual thinking, but their attitude towards freedom come into being much different because of the distinct cultural tradition. The different comprehension of freedom leads to their distinct lonely temperament. What's more, with the analysis on their works, the author illustrate that Lu Xun pursues the individual freedom due to his tendency to the naturalism of Chinese traditional culture. While Kafka regards freedom more as human original sin due to his faiths of Judaism.– In the third chapter, according to their works, the author is going to analyze Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's attitude when confronting the condition of nonentity and loneliness. Lu Xun endows >loneliness< valuable sense relying on his strong will; however, Kafka's searching God results in a failure. Divinity turns to be nonsense in Lu Xun's thought. Kafka fulfilled with the religion, though he is not a traditional religion adherent. Therefore, their loneliness is predestined to be distinct.– Finally, the author will summarize the text with the comparison of the situation of China. The thinking and realization of the loneliness by Lu Xun and Kafka is a precious legacy to us. The individual's obtainment of the care of their own in the classic aspect is the greatest benefit. N2 - 在这篇论文中,我将结合鲁迅与卡夫卡的作品所提供的可阐释性,在个体存在的意义上,还原经作家选择、溶裁之后的孤独意识,对鲁迅和卡夫卡的孤独意识进行比较分析。我试图回答以下问题:对人文精神和个人精神自由的追求是怎样导致孤独发生的?鲁迅与卡夫卡同时关注个体存在、个体自由却为什么两人的孤独形象完全不同?二者在孤独绝境下的选择为什么会有那么大的差异?对于这些问题的回答我是沿着作家遭遇孤独的>起源<、>表现<和>应对方式<这一脉络出发的,分析作家相似的孤独意识背后具体而微的差异,并以中西文化渊源的视角去阐释此种现象,尽可能的避免从二者个人性格、生命历程的比较中寻求原因,从形而上的维度靠近两位作家,凸显单方面考察容易忽略的点。按照作家遭遇孤独的起源、孤独的表现和应对孤独的方式,我将论文正文分为三个部分。在第一部分,我将首先论述鲁迅与卡夫卡对于西方语境之下的人文精神怀着极大的热情,进而揭示鲁迅与卡夫卡对于个体存在的强调。二者的不同体现在对存在主义先哲取向的差异上,鲁迅旨在>立人<,而卡夫卡则是为了>释己<在第二部分,我将阐释弗洛姆对于自由与孤独的理解,接着论述其理论适用于鲁迅与卡夫卡的可能性与局限性。按照自由与孤独紧密联系这一思路,分析鲁迅与卡夫卡作品中的孤独意识。自由与孤独如影随形,对自由的理解不同,导致二人各自的孤独气质也不尽相同。结合两人作品的分析,我将说明鲁迅由于中国传统文化中的自然主义立场,对个人自由异常向往。而卡夫卡从犹太教文化出发,更多是把自由看做是人类的原罪。在第三部分里,我将结合文本具体分析他们面对虚无、孤独绝境时的不同态度及其原因。鲁迅凭借个人的力量,赋予孤独以价值意义,卡夫卡在焦灼的找寻中欲归于上帝却无路可寻。神性在鲁迅这里是缺席的,虽然卡夫卡也不是传统意义上的信徒,但他是一个宗教情怀浓郁的人,因此二者有着不同的应对孤独的方式。最后,我在余论里将总结全文,借助比较,回到中国。鲁迅与卡夫卡有关孤独的思考与体悟,是留给我们的宝贵遗产。个人能在经典处得到适用于自己的关怀,不啻就是最大的收获。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Mingliang T1 - On Fromm's Social Character Theory and Its Development in Historical Materialism [论弗洛姆的社会性格理论及其对历史唯物主义的发展] JF - Journal of Nanjing Party Institute of CPC [中共南京市委党校学报], No. 4 (2011), pp. 23-28, 34. N2 - 弗洛姆作为著名的弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,他的主要工作便是致力于马克思和弗洛伊德学说的综合。从社会关系的角度探讨现代人的心理机制,既完善了精神分析学说,也使得历史唯物主义能够深入研究到人类的心理领域。他通过探讨在特定社会条件下人的心理形成机制,提出的>社会性格<学说使得历史唯物主义关于经济基础和上层建筑之间相互作用的机制得到更加细致和具体的阐述,从而推动了历史唯物主义的发展。 N2 - Fromm as Freudianism Marxist, his main job is committed to the doctrine of Marx and Freud comprehensive. Explore modern psychological mechanisms from the point of view of social relations, it is necessary to improve the psychoanalytic theory also makes historical materialism to delve into the field of human psychology. By exploring the specific social conditions of human psychological formation mechanism, he put forward the theory of >social character< makes historical materialism more detailed and specific description about the mechanism of the interaction between the economic base and the superstructure, thus promoting the historical materialism the development of doctrine. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Shan T1 - Fromm's Thougts on Love [弗洛姆爱的思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2011. N2 - Many philosophers have been paying close attention and reflection to the issue about humanity. In today’s society, when we are faced with the impact of capitalist economic tide, the downfall of old moral, the reveal of new moral, the tortuous development of socialism, and also with the polarization between the intensifying, the Deep suspicions to ourselves and others …Then we try to find some power to help us live in a humanistic way. History and reality tell us that this power cannot be provided by any specific system, legal or standards. Specific law cannot be suitable for so many different Races and individuals at the same time. Only things which can touch people’s heart may produce such abstruse power. Fromm’s thought of love is just one important source of this power. On the basis of elaborating and understanding Fromm’s thought of love, this paper will make historical and realistic reflection on people’s survival circumstance. Put the thought of love in background of human liberation. Seek the theoretical significance and historic instruction function of human liberation of Fromm’s thought of love. This paper will view Fromm’s love based on reality, face its utopia properties and though changing realistic conditions to make Fromm’s thought of love more practical.– Fromm’s thoughts of love include fraternity, the maternal love, sex, self-respect, god love. Love penetrates in people’s every aspect of life. In Fromm’s eyes, love is not simply a coincidence to experience, but for a rose of art and ability that can be learned. So in Fromm’s opinion everyone can practice love in his daily trifles by learning. This is just needed by people who in the bitter suffering situation of alienation. The relationship between man and self, the relationship between man and others and the relationship between people and the entire world are expected to be re-established, instead of symbiotic correlation. Love brings hope to the harmony of people and the whole world. But at the same time the role of love is restricted by people’s comprehensive development level and the development of world history process, and especially affected by Individualism and private property. For more Love just gives people a holistic guidance and sets a value goal for people. N2 - 人的问题一直是众多哲学家关注和深思的问题,到了当今社会,面对资本主义经济大潮的冲击,旧道德的衰败、新道德的展露;面对社会主义道路的曲折,贫富分化的加剧;面对人对自己和他人的深重怀疑……于是我们找寻某种力量来引导我们真正以>人<的方式而活着。历史和现实告诉我们这一力量不是某一具体的制度、法律或准则所能提供的,具体的法则不能适合如此多相异的种族和个体,只有那种能触碰人内心的东西才能产生出这样深邃的力量。弗洛姆爱的思想正是这种力量的一个重要源泉。本文在对弗洛姆爱的思想阐述和理解的基础上,对人的生存境况作了历史和现实的反思,把爱的思想放置于人性解放的大背景中,探求弗洛姆关于爱的思想在理论上的意义和对人类解放事业的历史性指导作用。本文立足于现实来看待弗洛姆的爱,直面其一定程度上的乌托邦性质,努力用现实条件的改造来使弗洛姆的爱更具实践性。弗洛姆的爱包括了博爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、神爱,爱渗透在人生活的方方面面。在弗洛姆那里,爱不是浅显的一种偶然感受,而已经上升为一种可以习得的艺术和能力,这样在弗洛姆看来每一个人都可以通过学习在生活的点滴中去实践爱,而这正是在异化的境况中苦苦煎熬的人类所需要的,人与自我、他人以及整个社会的关系有望通过爱来得到重建,而不是>共生的相关性<式的苟合。爱给人的和谐、世界的和谐带来希望,但是爱的作用的发挥受到人的综合发展水平和世界历史发展进程的制约,尤其是受个人主义和私有制的影响。爱更多的是给人们一种整体性的指引,为人们设定一个价值目标。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xi T1 - Lukács' and Fromm's Theory of Alienation [比较卢卡奇、弗洛姆的异化理论] JF - The Border Economy and Culture [边疆经济与文化], No. 4 (2011), pp. 42-43. N2 - 卢卡奇指出,由于科技理性思想和合理化原则对社会生产的逐步渗透,人越来越被当成物来看待,工人阶级的命运逐渐转变成整个社会的命运;弗洛姆从人本主义立场出发,通过对精神、心理的分析,指出晚期资本主义社会的人日益沦为商品,人完全被异化。但不可忽视的是:他们二位都从具体的历史现状出发,对>人<予以足够的重视。 N2 - Lukacs pointed out that due to the gradual penetration of rational thinking and rationalization of the principles of social production, increasing as was to look at the fate of the working class gradually transformed into the fate of the whole society. Fromm from humanistic standpoint, mental, psychological analysis, pointed out that the late capitalist society, people increasingly become a commodity, people completely alienated. Cannot be ignored, but two: they proceed from the specific history of the status quo, sufficient attention. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xia T1 - Pathological Society Struggling – >The Catcher in the Rye< Interpretation after Fromm [病态社会里的挣扎——《麦田里的守望者》的弗洛姆式解读] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Young Writers (Foreign Literary Version) [ 青年作家(中外文艺版)], No. 3 (2011), p. 33. N2 - 《麦田里的守望者》通过讲述主人公霍尔顿离开潘西中学后在纽约的游荡经历,深刻地揭示了现代社会中人的孤独感和失落感。本文以弗洛姆的健全理论为基础,旨在探讨霍尔顿对不健全社会的反抗和自我追寻的历程,反思人的存在本质和人生的价值意义。 N2 - >The Catcher in the Rye< by telling Holden leave Pansy Middle School in New York's loitering experience profoundly reveals the modern society of human loneliness and sense of loss. In this paper, based on sound theories of Fromm, Holden aims to explore the social revolt is not perfect and self pursue the course, to reflect on the nature of human existence and the significance of the value of life. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Xia T1 - Struggling in the Insane Society – >The Catcher in the Rye< Fromm Interpretation [病态社会里的挣扎 - 《麦田里的守望者》的弗洛姆式解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China, 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - J.D. Salinger’s >The Catcher in the Rye<, one of the most controversial novels in the contemporary American literature, is recognized as a >modern classic<. The novel profoundly exposes the sense of loneliness and loss through Holden’s wandering in New York after his expulsion from Pencey Prep. Based on Fromm’s theory of the sane society, this thesis aims at exploring the protagonist’s rebellion against the insane society, and his pursuit of self. This thesis is composed of an introduction, three body chapters and a conclusion.– The first part, introduction, summarizes J. D. Salinger’s background and literary status, and briefly introduces the main content of the novel, the critical reception home and abroad, and Fromm’s theory of the sane society on which the thesis is based on.– The first chapter analyzes the phenomenon of alienation among people in >The Catcher in the Rye<, concluding that Holden feels lonely and depressed among alienated people.– Chapter two discusses Holden’s rebellion against the anonymous authority-conformity, and the principle of non frustration prevalent in his time, concluding that Holden struggles to remain innocent.– Chapter three reveals that Holden realizes that love can change the insane society during the process of his pursuit of self.– The last part probes the pursuit of self of the human race in the modern insane society, and examines the essence of being and the meaning of existence. It also reveals Salinger’s humanistic concern about the fate of the mankind and sums up the thesis by reaffirming Salinger’s profound exposition of the contemporary world. N2 - J.D.塞林格的小说《麦田里的守望者》是当代美国文学中最具争议性的一部小说,被美国文学界公认为美国文学中的>现代经典<之一。该小说通过讲述霍尔顿离开潘西中学后在纽约的游荡经历,深刻地揭示了现代社会中人的孤独感和失落感。本文以弗洛姆的健全理论为基础,旨在探讨本小说主人公霍尔顿对不健全社会的反抗和自我追寻的历程。本论文有引言、正文和结论组成,正文分为三章。引言部分概述了塞林格的生平、创作生涯,简要介绍了《麦田里的守望者》的故事梗概及研究现状,并对本文所依据的弗洛姆的理论作了说明。第一章着重探讨小说《麦田里的守望者》中病态社会里不可避免的异化现象,故事中人与人之间以及个人与自我之间的异化关系使主人公霍尔顿陷入孤独和沮丧的境地。第二章着重探讨了霍尔顿对当时病态社会里盛行的一致性原则和享乐主义的反抗,他在此过程中保持了本真。第三章主要探讨霍尔顿在追寻自我的历程中认识到爱是改善病态社会的良药。结论部分由微观至宏观,探讨现代病态社会中人的自我追寻,反思人的存在本质和人生的价值意义,并提出作者塞林格通过小说的形式,对当代社会进行了深刻的揭露,体现了他对人类命运的人文关怀。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiong, Chen T1 - Research on Humanitarian Socialist Ideology of Fromm [弗洛姆人道主义的社会主义思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011. N2 - Since the birth of the human being, he has never give up the pursuit and fantastic images of a better society in the future. >Utopia< is the synonymous with such ideas. In the mid-19th century, to some extent, the birth of Marxism ended all the past >Utopia< Ideology, but in the twentieth century, because of the changes and development of socialist movement, kinds of new >Utopia< are revival in the socialism research, Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology is the part. Fromm anastomosed the ideology of Freud and Marx, trying to find a new channel in the current thoughts of socialism, making people’s liberation come true. He looked closely at contemporary society of his time as a psychologist philosopher and sociologists, including the capitalist society and the living conditions, and then he put forward his reform initiatives to achieve real humanitarian socialism.– The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive survey of Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology. Firstly, this article reviews the time of Fromm and the social background of the socialist ideological, and then analyses the basic point of his idea, including his analysis on the capitalist, the existence of the situation of surveys and a new interpretation of Marxism. Then it expounds Fromm’s humanitarian socialist thinking: which includes expectation of all-healthy man and society, various reform measures for the implementation of this. At last of this article makes a brief comment on Fromm’s Ideology.– I think Fromm’s study not only provided many new perspective and view for us to study the capitalist society, but also a new research to improve and develop Marxism. His analysis on the social disorder in capitalist and various aspects of the reforms provide great reference and practical value for our current ongoing reform. N2 - 自人类诞生以来,就从来没有放弃过对未来美好社会的幻想和追求,而>乌托邦<即是这种思想的代名词。十九世纪中期,马克思主义的诞生从某种程度上宣告了过去所有>乌托邦<思想的终结,但是进入二十世纪后,由于世界社会主义运动的变化发展,各种新的>乌托邦<思想在社会主义研究中重新复活,弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想即是其中的一部分。弗洛姆融合了弗洛伊德和马克思的思想,试图从各种社会主义的潮流中找出一条新的通道,从而真正实现人的解放。他从自己所处的时代出发,以一个心理学家、社会学家和哲学家的眼光来审视当代的一切,包括资本主义社会和人的生存状况等,然后提出自己的改革措施,以图实现真正的人道主义的社会主义,本文的目的就是全面的考察弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想。本文首先考察了弗洛姆所处时代的社会背景和他的社会主义思想的理论根源;然后分析他思想的出发点,包括他对资本主义的分析、对人的生存状况的考察和对马克思主义的重新解释;接着论述了弗洛姆人道主义社会主义思想的内容,其中有他对健全的人和健全的社会的期待,以及为实现这种期待而提出的种种改革措施;最后就弗洛姆的思想作出了一个简单的评价。笔者认为,弗洛姆对人的重要性的深入研究,不仅为我们认识资本主义社会提供了许多新的视角和看法,而且为我们不断完善和发展马克思主义提供新的研究视域。他对资本主义病态社会所进行的种种赤裸裸的剖析及对此而提出的各方面的改革措施,无不对我国当前正在进行的改革有着重大的参考价值和实践价值。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Huifen T1 - Fromm’s Criticism and Reconstruction of Consumption Alienation [弗洛姆对消费异化的批判与重建] JF - Journal of Shijiazhuang University [石家庄学院学报], No. 1 (2011), pp. 86-90. N2 - The consumption itself is to satisfy needs of people; however, it has turned to be the purpose in today’s Western society. The creative consumption is fantastic, aggravating the dilemma of human existence. The free consumption is, in essence, negative freedom and a mode of existence which attaches importance to >possession<. Fromm advocated a model of social development that focuses on human development and a mode of existence that focuses on being, stimulating people’s positive freedom and reestablishing the subject role in consumption. His theory is of realistic significance to the idea of consumption and our social development. N2 - 消费本身是为了满足需要,但在西方现代社会中消费却成了目的,创造性的消费需求是幻想的需求,它加剧了人的生存困境,看似自由的消费行为实质上是消极的自由,是一种重占有的生存方式。弗洛姆主张建立以人的充分发展为中心的社会发展模式,倡导重生存的生活方式,激发人的积极自由,还予人在消费活动中主体地位,这对我们今天的社会发展和消费理念具有重大的现实意义。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Jun T1 - Humanity or Religion: Deconstruction of Religion between Freud and Fromm [人道还是宗教——现代犹太裔心理学家弗洛伊德、弗洛姆对宗教的解构] JF - Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition) [重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 9 (2011), pp. 48-49, 84. N2 - 传统宗教是以神为中心,以神的权威来压抑人性,但这种观念有违人道,是与现实生活格格不入的。以犹太人的命运为例,从他们的宗教与苦难现实之间的矛盾入手,以犹太裔心理学家弗洛伊德和弗洛姆的理论为方法论,分析了宗教产生的心理根源,以及人本宗教和权威宗教的区别,以此来消解宗教的神秘性,并对其进行现代性的解构。 N2 - Traditional religion in God and humanity to suppress the authority of God, but this concept is inhumane, it is incompatible with the reality of life. The fate of the Jews, for example, starting from the contradiction between their religion and suffering reality, Jewish psychologist Sigmund Freud and Fromm's theory of the methodology, analysis of the psychological roots of religion, as well as human religion and authority of religious difference as a way to demystify the religion digestion, and its modern deconstruction. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Abromeit, John T1 - Max Horkheimer and the Foundations of the Frankfurt School, Cambridge et al. (Cambridge University Press) 2011, 457 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abromeit, John T1 - The Beginnings of Fromm’s Analytic Social Psychology and His Theoretical Elective Afi nity with Horkheimer JF - Max Horkheimer and the Foundations of the Frankfurt School, Cambridge et al. (Cambridge University Press) 2011, pp. 201-211. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abromeit, John T1 - Excursus I - The Theoretical Foundations of Horkheimer’s Split with Erich Fromm in the Late 1930s JF - Max Horkheimer and the Foundations of the Frankfurt School, Cambridge et al. (Cambridge University Press) 2011, pp. 336-348. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Yanyan T1 - The Bitterness of Being Free. An Attempt to >Sharpen< the Interpretation by Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature [自由之痛 - 试以弗洛姆的人性理论解读《磨砺》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), who has won wide acclaim in the contemporary literary world, is considered among the most accomplished British writers of the postwar period. Since her debut in 1963, she has published a total of seventeen novels to date. Margaret Drabble is always concerned with the process of contemporary women’s spiritual growth, their psychological experience and their state of subsistence in order to help them seek new self value and social status. While achieving international renown as a novelist, Margaret Drabble has also established an impressive reputation as a biographer, critic and editor. The main themes of Margaret Drabble’s novels are principally about the predicaments of well-educated women, these including their domestic life, child rearing, balance between career and family, and marital problems. In her novels, Drabble never ceases from exploring the inner life of contemporary women who attempt to seek self-actualization and social recognition. However, Drabble’s most recent fiction is heavily salted with social consciousness as she has continued to expand her focus from the concerns of middle-class female intellectuals to a variety of political and moral dilemmas within the broader background of contemporary Britain. >The Millstone<, the third novel written by Margaret Drabble, published in 1965, is the story of a young academic who encounters various difficulties as an unmarried mother in 1960s Britain. The book brought Drabble the John Llewelyn Rhys Prize and in 1969 was adapted for cinema in America as A Touch of Love. Rosamund, the protagonist of the novel, is a refreshingly honest portrait of a female doctoral candidate in her twenties who lives in London. She is an independent and successful intellectual, and simultaneously an unmarried mother. However, Rosamund’s freedom and independence are achieved at the cost of abstinence and self-isolation. A brief survey of criticism of >The Millstone< shows that some research on the work has been conducted from the perspective of feminism and some has focused upon the writing techniques employed within. The research which concerns the philosophy of life or values of the protagonist mainly places stress on the positive attributes of the protagonist’s way of living with only a few touches on its limitations. In other words, there is still room for systematic and profound investigation on such issues as the protagonist’s obstinate pursuit of freedom at the cost of true love or on viable routes towards her true self-actualization not only as a woman but also as a human being. The interpretation of The Millstone with reference to the humanistic psychoanalytic theory remains almost undeveloped. Taking Drabble’s masterpiece The Millstone as a case study, this thesis aims to make a more systematic exploration of the author’s efforts to present women’s dilemmas in modern life and to explore practicable approaches to their self-actualization. Specifically, based on a detailed study of the protagonist’s spiritual evolution, and with reference to Erich Fromm’s psychoanalytic theory of human nature, the author of this paper attempts to analyze the protagonist’s obstinate way of pursuing freedom by comparing her spiritual states before and after she becomes a mother; to probe into the nature of her intransigent way of thinking; and finally to discuss the feasibility of the protagonist, as well as of people of the modern era as a whole, in achieving true self-actualization through a life lived in freedom but not in isolation from others. To expound the argument raised by the author of this thesis, three chapters are devoted to the interpretation and discussion of the story, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.– The first chapter elaborates on the ambiguous nature of freedom that is manifested in the protagonist’s life. It is divided into two sections. The first mainly discusses the seeming ease the protagonist enjoys by completely releasing herself from the bondage and burden possibly incurred by responsibilities or commitments from practical life especially before her pregnancy. And in contrast, the second section is mainly an exposure of the bitterness she suffers through her radical stance on freedom, this involving isolation and loneliness as well as helplessness.– The second chapter is a detailed study on the nature of the protagonist’s radical outlook on freedom. Two sections are included in this part. The first part is an objective analysis of the problematical attempts of the protagonist to achieve freedom. It includes consideration of her obsession with work, her habit of concealing her natural feelings in front of others, and her self-confinement within an ivory tower detached from an outside world viewed as potentially intrusive and threatening to her realm of freedom. The second part explains the possible reasons for the protagonist’s pursuit of a radical freedom, namely, the influence of her parents and society as well as her character orientations. It will naturally be seen that the protagonist’s freedom is by nature a negative one, which to a large extent can account for the bitterness incurred in her practical life.– The last chapter concentrates on the discussion of a tentative solution to the predicaments incurred by this radical outlook on freedom. This solution mainly refers to a route towards what Fromm describes as >positive freedom<. This chapter again includes two sections. The first elaborates on the issue of the return of human connections to the protagonist’s day-to-day life. The second section is a detailed analysis of the awakening of distinct manifestations of love within the protagonist – a dramatic spiritual transformation which occurs during her pregnancy and in the primary phase of motherhood. In the end, the awakening of love in the protagonist and her return to human community and connection together portend a more self-fulfilling life for her in the future.– The above analysis building on Fromm’s theory leads naturally to the conclusion that the radical stance on freedom which the protagonist has advocated and practiced is what Fromm describes as >negative freedom<, a freedom which has brought more bitterness than ease to her life. Therefore, any pursuit of a radical freedom is a negative attempt, which is to an extent achieved by freeing oneself from burdens and isolating oneself from connections with others. Only by returning to the real world and establishing harmonious human connections as well as being responsible to oneself and others can people of the modern era achieve true freedom, and thus be enabled to come closer to true self-actualization. N2 - 从人类社会产生至今,消费始终在人们的生产生活中扮演着重要的角色。消费一方面促进生产力的发展,推动着人类社会的进步,另一方面它又在特定情况下为人类带来一定的负面影响。第二次世界大战以后,科学技术飞速发展,社会经济迅猛增长,人们的物质和精神生活水平不断提高,人们的消费观念和消费方式也随之发生了改变。在西方,异化从劳动领域进一步扩展至消费领域,消费异化被视为异化在当今社会最突出的表现形式。我国改革开放以来,随着生活水平的提高,人们的消费行为也出现了一些不正常的现象,无节制地吃喝玩乐、攀比奢侈消费之风的蔓延都是其中的典型表现。这种消费异化现象的出现阻碍了人的自由全面发展,不利于国家、世界的稳定发展,成为引发人类生存危机的重要因素。19世纪中后期物质生活条件相对匮乏。受历史条件的制约,马克思并未对消费异化问题进行过多分析,但消费异化思想散见于其文之中。较为系统的消费异化理论出现于20世纪中叶,由马尔库塞、弗洛姆、鲍德里亚和生态马克思主义者等学者提出和发展起来。他们以马克思的异化理论为基础,立足20世纪资本主义发展特点,从不同的角度对消费异化现象进行反思和批判,形成了较系统的消费异化理论体系。他们的理论对我们研究当下社会消费异化现象有着极为重要的指导意义。本文运用马克思主义的观点,以马克思的消费异化思想为理论基石,在对由马尔库塞、弗洛姆、鲍德里亚和生态马克思主义者等学者提出的消费异化理论进行分析和总结的基础上,立足我国社会经济发展的具体国情,坚持科学发展观和马克思主义关于人的全面发展的理论,对消费异化、人的全面发展、科学的消费等理论做更进一步的研究,力求为走出消费异化误区、构建和谐社会提供依据。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Deng, Zhiwei T1 - Fu Luo mu xinren dao zhuyi lunli sixiang yanjiu 弗洛姆新人道主义伦理思想研究 [Fromm’s New Humanistic Ethics], Beijing: Renmin chuban she 人民出版社 [People's Pub¬lishing House], 347 pages. N2 - E.弗洛姆是现代西方著名的人道主义伦理学家,他通过综合马克思的宏观社会理论和弗洛伊德的微观心理分析理论而建立的人道主义伦理学体系在西方伦理学发展史上具有独特的理论贡献。在其伦理学体系中,宗教思想是其中重要的内容。弗洛姆从人的精神需要的角度探讨了宗教的根源和定义,划分了宗教的两种类型,揭露了现代社会宗教异化对人造成的危害,并积极探索建立人道主义宗教的具体对策。他的思想既有独特的理论和现实意义,同时也有明显的局限性 N2 - Erich Fromm is one of the most famous contemporary humanistic ethicists. His neo-humanistic ethics established through synthesizing Karl Marx’s macroscopic social theory and Sigmund Freud’s microscopic psychoanalysis takes a unique position in the development of western ethics. An important part of Erich Fromm’s humanistic ethics is his humanistic ethical thoughts of religion. Fromm explores root and definition of the religion based on the spirit needs of the people, and clarifies two kinds of connotations in the concept of religion, discloses the harm on the people by alienation of modern religion, and explores actively the way to build the humanistic religion. There are distinctive value of theory and reality and obvious limitations in his ethical thoughts of religion. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Fei T1 - There is a Need to Learn the Art of Loving [爱,是一门需要学习的艺术] JF - Class Adviser [班主任之友(中学版)], No. Z1 (2011), pp. 100-102. N2 - 在人类的历史长河中,有一类思想者,他们的书能够影响读者的一生。艾里希•弗洛姆无疑就是这样的思想者。再次捧读他的代表作《爱的艺术》,我的心不断地为一种博大、慈爱的情怀而激荡,书上再度留下了我众多的圈划痕迹。这是一部每次读都能给我留下思索、带来震撼的书!>如果不在发展自己的全部人格上付出努力,如果不能使自己的潜在能力达到创造新人格的倾向性,那么每种爱的试图都会失败。如果没有爱他人的能力,如果没有虔诚的谦恭和勇敢,如果没有博爱的德 N2 - In human history, there is a class of thinkers, they can influence the reader's life book. Yili Xi Fromm is no doubt that such a thinker. Carefully read again his masterpiece >The Art of Love<, my heart constantly as a broad, loving feelings and agitation, the book left me once again draw the traces of many laps. This is a can each read left me thinking, a stunning book! >If you do not develop their full effort on the personality, if you cannot make your own potential to achieve the creation of a new personality tendencies, then every the attempt will fail kinds of love, if not the ability to love others, if not pious humility and courage, if not fraternity Germany […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Nianli T1 - Help Children in >Third Teacher< Embrace Gain a Sense of Belonging [帮助幼儿在>第三位教师<的怀抱中获得归属感] JF - Early Childhood Education [幼儿教育], No. 34 (2011), p. 9. N2 - 幼儿园的墙面环境常能真实体现幼儿园的办园理念,因而有>第三位教师<之称。如何有效地发挥这位>教师<的独特功能,促进幼儿的健康发展,是时常摆在园长和教师面前的一道难题。心理学家弗洛姆认为,归属感主要与心理上的 N2 - Nursery wall environment can often reflect the true concept of the office park kindergarten, hence the >third teacher<, said. How to effectively play the >teacher< unique features, and promote the healthy development of young children, are often placed in front of the principal and teachers of a problem. Psychologist Erich Fromm believes that a sense of belonging primarily psychological […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wesch, Michael T1 - The Art of Loving and Learning: Erich Fromm and the Learning (of) Transformation JF - Hay, I. (Ed.), Inspiring Academics. Learning with the World's Great University Teachers, Maidenhead (Open University Press) 2011, Part I, Chapter 3. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Dongyan T1 - University: Preliminary Ideas of >Education for Love< [大学>爱的教育<思想初探] JF - Educator [教书育人], No. 36 (2011), pp. 20-21. N2 - 爱是教育的灵魂国际知名的美籍德国犹太人人本主义哲学家和精神分析心理学家弗洛姆(1900-1980)的爱的理论告诉我们,爱是一种活动,一种人际关系,要求教师首先要爱教育事业、爱学生,让学生在爱的氛围中成长。托尔斯泰说:如果教师只爱事业,那他会成为一个好教师;如果教师只象父母那样爱学生,那他会比那种通晓书本,但既不爱事业又不爱学生的教师好;如果教师既爱事业又爱学生,那他是一个完美的教师。在教育活动中,各种活动的开展大都是在教师和学生之间进行的,要发挥教育自身的力量,没有爱是不行的,也正因为爱是一种使人与人结合的力量,爱本身就是一种人际关系,那么在教育中就必 N2 - I love is the soul of education internationally renowned German-American Jew who psychoanalytic psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980) theory tells us that the doctrine of love, love is a kinds of activities, kind of human relations, requiring teachers must first love education, love students, allow students to grow up in an atmosphere of love. Tolstoy said: If teachers love the cause, and that he would become a good teacher; If the teacher only as students, as parents love that kind of familiar with books than he, but neither the cause nor love good student teachers; If the teacher both love and love student career, he was a perfect teacher. In educational activities, a large variety of activities are carried out between teachers and students, to educate their own power play, no love is not enough, but also because people love to make a combination of strength, love itself is a relationship, then he will in education […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN ED - Epstein, O. B. ED - Schwartz, J. ED - Schwartz, R. W. T1 - Ritual Abuse and Mind Control. The Manipulation of Attachment Needs. London. Karnac) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Fen T1 - The Silence of Humanity – Read as one >Thousand Hills< [静寂中的人性——读成一的《千山》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Literatures (Theory Edition) [文学界(理论版)], No. 6 (2011), pp. 34, 53. N2 - 成一的中篇小说《千山》,以主人公自我心理的>意识流<作为线索来结构作品。可以结合以弗洛姆为代表的人本主义心理学的基本观点进行审视。关注人的存在价值,张扬健康的人性,呼唤人性的复归。主题设置巧妙,情节构思精彩,人物安排独特,能使读者从静观和体验中获得一种深刻的人生顿悟。 N2 - Into a novella, >a thousand mountains< to the hero's self-psychology >stream of consciousness< as a clue to the structure of the work. Basic ideas can be combined with Fromm as the representative of humanistic psychology were examined. Concerned about the value of human existence, unassuming human health, calling humanity reversion. Theme settings cleverly conceived plot wonderful, unique character arrangement, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight from the contemplation of life and experience. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gu, Bo T1 - The Psychological View of Marx [马克思人本心理观研究], PhD thesis, Study of Marxism in China, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2011. N2 - 当代心理学的理论体系较为庞杂,粗略的划分可分为三大势力和十大门派。这些学派由于各自的心理观不同,因此,不仅具有不同的理论体系和术语,而且在对待同一心理问题上也往往存在着不同的见解,导致了心理学理论的混乱。所以,当代的心理学需要整合发展。但是,在心理学中,没有任何一派的心理学理论能够统合心理学的发展,只有马克思人本心理观才能完成这样的使命。其实,马克思在160多年前就为心理学的研究指出了正确的方向,马克思说:>工业的历史和工业的已经产生的对象性的存在,是一本打开了的关于人的本质力量的书,是感性地摆在我们面前的人的心理学;对这种心理学人们至今还没有从它同人的本质的联系上,如果心理学还没有打开这本书即历史的这个恰恰最容易感知的、最容易理解的部分,那么这种心理学就不能成为内容确实丰富的和真正的科学。<在这一思想理念的基础上,马克思形成了系统的人本心理观。但是,正像新精神分析学家弗洛姆所指出的那样,马克思的心理学思想长期以来没有得到应有的重视。本文应用马克思的>心理对象理论<,遵循马克思人本心理观思想形成的内在过程,把马克思关于人本心理的零散论述,按照马克思人本心理观的内在思想体系组织起来,呈现原本、整体的马克思人本心理观。本论文一共6章。第1章,阐述了马克思人本心理观的基本理论,回答了马克思人本心理观的基本概念及理论特点问题;第2章,建构了马克思人本心理的动力说,为正确理解人们的心理动力提供了依据,批判了马斯洛需要说的错误之处;第3章,阐述了马克思人本心理的内容说,为心理分析提供了科学的依据;第4章,建立了马克思人本心理活动的辩证说,为把握心理活动的规律提供了具体的根据;第5章,揭示了马克思人本的人格说,为人格修养指明了方向;第6章,研究了马克思人本心理观对执政理念、企业管理及心理服务工作的价值作用。 N2 - The theory system of contemporary psychology is more huge miscellaneous, the rough demarcation can be divided into three general situation dints and ten school of thoughts. These schools of thoughts are different because of respectively mental view, therefore, not only have different theory system and technical term, but also usually exist different views in treating the same mental problem, caused psychology theoretical disorder. So, the psychology of contemporary needs integration and development. But, in the psychology, having no one the psychology theory of the schools can integrate the development of psychology, only Marx the psychological view can complete the mission like this. In fact, Marx pointed out a correct direction for the research of psychology more than 160 year ago. Marx said: >Industrial history and industry has generated an objective existence, is a book that opened on the nature of human power, the emotion ground person's psychology that puts in front of us. To this kind of psychology people up to now didn't yet establish contact it with the human nature, if psychology is not open the part of this book which is most easily perceived, the most easily understood, then this kind of psychology cannot become content is rich and real science<. On the foundation of this idea, Marx formed a system of Humanistic Psychological View. But, as a new spirit of Fromm has pointed out, Marx's psychology has not received due attention. - In this thesis, we use the Marx's >Psychological theories<, follow the internalization process of the forma¬tion about the idea of Marx, and organize the scattered discuss about Marx's Humanistic Psychology according to the inherent ideological system about the idea of Marx, Originally, the whole show the Marx psychological view. There are 6 chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 elaborates that the basic theory of the Marx psychological view, and answer that characteristics question about the basic concept and theory of the Marx psychological view. Chapter 2 constructs the dynamic theory of the Marx psychological view, which provides the basis for understanding correctly the people's psychological motive, and criticizes the mistakes about Maslow's theory of needs. Chapter 3 and 4 elaborate that the Marx psychological content theory, which provides concrete based on grasping the law of psychological activities. Chapter 5 reveals Marx humanism personality theory, pointed out the direction for the personality cultivation. Chapter 6 studies the value and function about the Marx psychological view to ruling idea, business management and psychological service. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Haule, J. R. T1 - Jung in the 21st Century. Vol. 1 (Evolution and Archetype. London (Routledge) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Haule, J. R. T1 - Jung in the 21st Century. Vol. 2 (Synchronicity and Science. London (Routledge) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, Huan T1 - Jewish Family Education [犹太人的家庭教育] JF - Shanxi Education (Management) [山西教育(管理)], No. 12 (2011), p. 57. N2 - 犹太人的家庭教育被誉为世界上最成功的教育。人们熟知的爱因斯坦、奥本海默、弗洛姆都是犹太人,他们都从犹太家庭幸福完整的教育生活中受益匪浅。爱因斯坦的成就,就与他在童年时代受到良好教育有关。这得益于他母亲的音乐熏陶,得益于叔父的数学 N2 - Jewish family education is known as the world's most successful education. People familiar with Einstein, Oppenheimer, Fromm were Jews, they have benefited from a Jewish family happiness complete education in life. Einstein's achievements, they are well educated in his childhood related. Thanks to his mother's musical influence, thanks to his uncle's math. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gong, Yingchun T1 - Critique of Cultural Capital on the Grounds of Information Society [当代信息社会背景下的文化资本批判], Doctoral dissertation, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2011. N2 - 当代信息社会背景下的文化资本批判布迪厄首次提出文化资本的概念,随后在当代人文学科等众多领域中掀起层层波澜,如今,>文化资本<已是文化社会学理论体系中极为重要的概念,也是最具争议的一个分析概念。文化资本是以财富的形式具体表现出来的文化价值的积累。这种积累紧接着可能会引起物品和服务的不断流动,与此同时,形成本身具有文化价值和经济价值的商品。文化资本的浮出是社会经济运行的必然结果,体现了资本逻辑的深度扩张。对文化资本理论范畴的理解,直接影响着人们对于文化资本所持的一种态度。考察运用文化资本理论,应立足于马克思主义哲学的基本观点,形成对文化资本研究的理论自觉。第一,通过对>文化<与>资本<及其内在关系进行系统、深入的梳理,分析布迪厄关于文化资本的理论阐述,理清文化资本的最初理论形态;第二,挖掘早期西方马克思主义理论,主要包括卢卡奇和葛兰西等西方马克思主义学者对文化资本理论的拓展;第三,着重考察西方马克思主义中法兰克福学派的社会异化理论,包括霍克海姆和弗洛姆等人在文化资本理论中所做出的贡献;第四,集中讨论马克思关于人的发展理论,尤其是马克思文化观对当代文化资本批判提供的理论借鉴。从社会历史发生学的角度来看,文化资本是与社会的基本时代特征紧密结合的。这一时代性特征就是当代被文化界所普遍认同的>信息时代<以及以此为特征的>信息社会<。正是信息社会中的信息技术的支撑,才使文化资本获得广阔的抽象的普遍化和符号化的存在方式。以往学术界更加关注的是文化资本与资本主义商品经济的内在关联,从商品经济的资本运行规律当中寻找文化资本的产生原因及其作用,而互联网的文化意义和信息时代的基本特征,对社会交往、社会分层、经济活动和文化选择都产生了深刻的影响,这些变化使文化资本的性质、特征、产生、运行方式更具有现代意义。马克思的历史唯物主义认为,人类社会的运动和发展是在社会内部的矛盾中实现的。那么,根据这一原理,我们同样可以分析信息社会由文化资本所引发的多重矛盾。正是这些矛盾才促使了当代信息社会的不断发展和自我完善。主要包括文化资本与经济资本的矛盾,文化资本与社会资本的矛盾,文化资本与文化价值的矛盾,文化资本与全球化的矛盾。在信息社会当中,文化资本借助于信息符号得以发挥其资本效力。对信息的控制、传播同时意味着一种资本的运行模式。信息已经不是单独的文化符号,而是文化资本的符号了。谁占有更多的信息并能够把这些信息转化成资本运行的内在要素,谁就掌握了社会的文化资本。文化资本是信息社会的本质规定,因此,才有文化资本对信息社会的影响。文化资本所以能够成为信息社会的本质性规定,显然要从人类社会的发展,进一步说,从生产力自身发展的情况给予说明。只有信息社会,才产生了文化资本作为一种决定性的生产力形式。信息社会决定了文化资本必然充当主导性的资本形态,它对于经济资本的增长以及社会资本的运行起着非常重要的社会价值。然而,文化的资本化以及文化资本在信息社会的主导性地位同时也会带来一些负面的效应。尤其在后现代的文化资本观念当中,遇到了挑战传统核心价值观念的后现代价值观的冲击,从而导致了文化资本社会的内部矛盾,并引发了一系列的社会发展问题。因此,我们必须用马克思主义的唯物辩证法的观点,对文化资本作出一种理论上的文化批判,同时,建构一种符合本民族和国家的文化资本形态及其运行模式。 N2 - Critique of Cultural Capital on the Grounds of Information Society Cultural capital, which was first proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and followed suit in numerous fields of modern arts and humanities, has not only been a fundamental concept in the theoretical system of sociology, but also an analytic one which gives rise to much controversy. It is the accumulation of cultural values embodied in the form of wealth. The accumulation may cause the continuous flow of articles and services during which form commodities with the cultural and economic values. The emersion of cultural capital is the inevitable result of the operation of society and economy reflecting the deep expansion of capital logic. - How people understand the domain of cultural capital theory directly influences their attitudes towards cultural capital. Therefore, when people study cultural capital theory and further make use of it, their footing should be the basic ideas of Marxist philosophy in order to form the theoretical awareness of researches on cultural capital. To be more specific, firstly, the initial theoretical form of cultural capital should be clarified through systematic and in-depth study of >culture< and >capital< and their intrinsic relations as well as an analysis of the theoretical elaboration of cultural capital advanced by Pierre Bourdieu; Secondly, early western Marxist theory, esp. the expansion of cultural capital theory conducted by Georg Lukács, Gramsci Antonio and other Western scholars of Marxism should be elaborately excavated; Thirdly, the society alienation theory of Frankfurt School in western Marxism including Horkheimer’s and Erich Fromm's contribution on cultural capital theory should be investigated and emphasized; Fourthly, an intensive discussion on Marx’s theory of human development and his theoretical references to contemporary critique of cultural capital should be given. - From the point of social and historical genetics, cultural capital is closely related to the basic features of contemporary society which is generally identified as >information society< with its trait as >information era< by the cultural circle. Owing to the support of information and technology in information society, cultural capital is extensively and abstractly generalized and symbolized. During the previous days, more attention was paid to the intrinsic relations between cultural capital and capitalistic commodity economy in the academic circle and cause of the generation of cultural capital in the capital operation law of commodity economy was found. While nowadays the cultural significance of internet and the basic feature of information era play a profound role in the social interaction, social stratification, economic activities and cultural options which brings modern meaning to the nature, feature, generation and operation mode of cultural capital. - For historical materialism advanced by Marx, it is internal contradictions of the society that promote the movement and development of human society. According to this principle, it is also possible to analyze the multiple contradictions caused by cultural capital in information society. And it is these contradictions that urge the continuous development and self-improvement of modern information society. These contradictions mainly include: a) the contradiction between cultural capital and economic capital; b) the contradiction between cultural capital and social capita; c) the contradiction between cultural capital and cultural value and d) the contradiction between cultural capital and globalization. - In information society, cultural capital reaches its capital effectiveness by means of information symbols. The control and transmission of information means one operation mode of capital. Information is a symbol of cultural capital instead of a single cultural symbol. The one that has larger amount of information and has the capability to transform the information into the inner elements in the operation of capital owns cultural capital of the society. Cultural capital is the essential provision of information society, thus it has great influence on information society. The reason why cultural capital can be the essential provision is the development of human society, to be more accurate, is the development of productivity. And only in information society is cultural capital a decisive form of productivity. - Information society defines cultural capital as the leading form of capital which is of great social value to the increase of economic capital and the operation of social capital. However, the capitalization of culture and the leading status of cultural capital in information society can also brings negative effects. Among the post-modern concepts of cultural capital, post-modern values meet the challenge of traditional core value which leads to the inner contradiction of cultural capital society and brings about a series of problems concerning social development. Thus, guided by Marxist dialectical materialism, we must conduct cultural critique to cultural capital in theory and furthermore construct a form of cultural capital and its operation mode which could conform to our nation. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN ED - Jiménez, J. P. ED - Moguillansky, R. T1 - Clinical and Theoretical Aspects of Perversion. The Illusory Bond. London (Karnac) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Illescas Najéra, Francisco T1 - Reflexiones éticas a partir de Erich Fromm. Una propuesta para el humanismo del siglo XXI, Saarbrücken (Editorial Académica Española) 2011, 240 pp. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Jamison, K. R. T1 - An Unquiet Mind. New York (Vintag) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Huiqing T1 - Love is an Ability, an Attitude – Read Aili Xi Fromm >The Art of Loving< [爱是一种能力、一种态度—读爱利希•弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - Teacher's Journal [中国教师], No. 21 (2011), pp. 78-80. N2 - 爱利希•弗洛姆(Fromm Erich,1900—1980)是>新弗洛伊德主义<精神分析学派的缔造者之一,是法兰克福学派的重要成员。他一生写下了大量著作,《爱的艺术》是其代表作之一。弗洛姆在此书中最重要的主张是只有把实践爱当做一种信仰,才能真正地懂得爱的艺术。当代青年对爱的态度并不十分严肃,很多教育者面对这样的现实心 N2 - Aili Xi Fromm (Fromm Erich, 1900 – 1980) was one of the founders of the >new Freudian< psychoanalysis is an important member of the Frankfurt School. His life wrote numerous books, >The Art of Loving< is one of its representative. Fromm in this book is only the most important advocates of the practice as a religion of love, in order to truly understand the art of love. Contemporary youth attitudes toward love is not very serious, many educators face this reality heart. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Lemma, A. A1 - Target, M. A1 - Fonagy, P. T1 - Brief Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy. A Clinician’s Guide. Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2011. Y1 - 2011 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Ming T1 - Studies of Fromm's Psychoanalysis and Ethics Thought [弗洛姆精神分析伦理思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - 精神分析法产生于精神病症的临床治疗过程中,属心理学范畴。它的广泛运用为人类关注自身、研究自身的活动展开了崭新的一页,具有十分重要的意义。本文从弗洛姆的精神分析方法研究入手,探讨其精神分析过程中的伦理思想问题。首先是弗洛姆的品格学说。他通过对前人研究成果的分析得出结论:长期以来人们对品格的界定存在两种错误的倾向,本能主义倾向和行为主义倾向,进而提出了自己的品格学说,认为在形式上品格可以分为个体品格和社会品格两种。而弗洛姆伦理思想方面的研究有一个假设的前提条件,即一个人的道德品质植根于他的品格之中。其次,西格蒙德•弗洛伊德和C•荣格以及埃里希•弗洛姆都是精神分析领域的著名代表人物,他们的思想既一脉相承,又相互区别,尤其是他们各自有关无意识形态的理论,更是分别代表着精神分析思想不同阶段显著成果。因此研究并比较他们各自的无意识思想有助于我们更好地理解和把握人的精神世界。第三,弗洛姆在分析社会无意识思想的过程中发现社会也会得精神方面的疾病,并通过社会性格加以阐释。为实现我们的道德目的、精神健康和幸福,必须探求一种健康社会的生存模式,即建立健全社会的思想。弗洛姆是当代西方思想界叱咤风云的思想大家,以其深邃的理论洞见和犀利洒脱的文风而闻名于世。他提出的人道主义伦理学,有力地证明了他的主张:伦理学所探询的对象是美的品格或恶的品格,而不是单一的美德或罪恶。 N2 - The psychoanalysis method is produced in the process of clinical treatment of mental illness. It is belong to the category of psychology. It's widely used in human's activities, in which people pay attention to the researches of their own and it opens a brand -new chapter and has great significance. This paper tries to do some discussion about ethical problems in the process of psychoanalytic.– First is the character doctrine of Fromm's. Through his analysis of the results of previous studies and concluded: people's definition of character has two erroneous tendencies, tendency of instinctivism and tendency of behavourism. And then he puts forward his theory of character, that character can be divided into two types of individual character and social character. The ethics research of Fromm has a prerequisite assumption that a person's moral character is rooted in his character.– Second, Sigmund Freud, C. G. Jung and Erich Fromm are famous as spiritual analysis representatives, who thought in the same strain, and differences between each other; especially on the theory of unconscious. They are representing the spirit of thinking at different stages of psychoanalysis. Therefore, the study will help us better understand and grasp the spiritual world.– Third, in the analysis process of social unconscious thought, Fromm found that the community will also have mental illness. He uses social character to explain. To achieve the purpose of our moral, mental health and happiness, we must search for a healthy society survival mode, that is, establishing a sound society thought. Fromm is a famous thinker of contemporary Western society. His theories are be proved as profound, and his work are known with the style of sharp, free and easy. His theory of the humanitarian ethics is a strong proof of his claim: the object of ethics’ inquiry is the character of good and the character of evil, not the single virtue or evil. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bin T1 - A Study of Alienation in >The Grass Is Singing< [《野草在歌唱》的异化主题], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2011. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 多丽丝•莱辛(1919-)是20世纪著名的女性作家之一,于2007年以87岁高龄获得了诺贝尔文学奖。《野草在歌唱》是莱辛的第一部小说,完成于1950年。本文拟用埃里希•弗洛姆的异化相关理论来解析该小说中所体现的异化主题,阐述在殖民社会中人们为了逃避生存的无力感和孤独感所表现出来的异化。弗洛姆关注个体和社会之间的关系,认为人在社会中的无力感与生俱来,并随着个体的成长愈加强烈,而不健康的社会将加剧人的无能为力感,迫使人们为了生存放弃自我,屈从外界权力,导致自我异化;他引入弗洛伊德的人性冲动与马克思的异化劳动概念,提出社会条件对社会性格的决定性影响,强调在既定社会条件下人的能动性,在个体性格无法迎合社会条件和社会性格时,个体所表现出来的异化心理机制。据此,本文首先分析殖民地南罗德西亚的社会条件的异化,它的白人优越性文化、殖民经济和男性家长制的家庭关系共同促成了该社会性格的剥削特质;进而分析个体在剥削特质的殖民社会中所表现出来的为了寻求心理安全,个体依附外界权力时所表现出的异化。白人集团对其优越性的执迷、查理•斯莱特等人对物质财富的疯狂追求和玛丽夫妇对婚姻家庭的迷茫无助分别表现了机械趋同、破坏欲和权威主义的心理机制,但是他们对自我的逃避并没有带来心灵的安全,反而加剧了自我异化和社会的异化。本文得出结论小说中异化的人性是异化社会下不可避免的悲剧,并指出人的全面异化最终也将导致社会的毁灭,警示只有满足人类精神和自身潜力发展的社会才能健康发展。 N2 - Doris Lessing (1919 - ) is regarded as one of the most important female novelists in the twentieth century and she won Noble Prizes for literature at the age of 87in 2007. >The Grass Is Singing< finished in 1950, is Lessing's first novel. This paper will analyze this novel's alienation by ways of Erich Fromm's theory concerning alienation and illustrate people's alienation for escaping from insignificance and loneliness in the colony. Fromm focuses on the relationship between individual and society. He believes that man is born with insignificance which increases with man's growing individuality and an insane society will aggravate man's powerlessness which will force man to abandon himself and succumb himself to the outside authority. As a result, he will be absolutely alienated. Fromm introduces Freud's human drive and Max's labor alienation and advances that social conditions have a decisive impact on social character. Moreover he emphasizes man's dynamic and man's alienated psychological mechanisms when individual character can not comply with social conditions and social character. - Accordingly, this paper firstly analyzes the alienation of social conditions in Southern Rhodesia: the white community's superiority, the colonial economy and its patriarchal family, which jointly lead to the exploitative social character; then it demonstrates individual's alienation in order to obtain mental security by succumbing himself to the authority. The white community's ecstasy for the superiority, Charlie Slatter's ecstasy for material success and the Turners 'confusion with marriage display their psychological mechanisms such as automaton conformity, destructiveness and authoritarianism respectively. However, their escape doesn't bring tranquil soul for them but in turn aggravates their own alienation and alienation of the society. This paper comes to the conclusion that human nature's alienation is an unavoidable tragedy in an alienated society. It further points that the human beings' absolute alienation will in turn lead to the society's devastation and warns that only to satisfy man's psychology and potential ability can a society develop in a health way. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liang, Xijing T1 - The Research of Violence in Cultural Vision [论文化视野中的暴力], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 在当代文化的审美视野中,暴力一直扮演着重要的角色,关于暴力现象的书写也一直是文坛中极具争议的话题,当前学界对于暴力的研究虽有一定的意义价值,但基本未对暴力的本质特征等极具研究意义的问题进行追问,因此,笔者以文化视野中的暴力为研究对象,对暴力的存在方式、本质特征等问题给予关注。本论文除引言、结语外共分三部分展开论述。第一部分,梳理了暴力文化的发展历程,笔者为求使其发展历程更清晰明了,所以采用了原生态暴力文化、衍生态暴力文化、新生态暴力文化三个概念对暴力文化的发展进行界定。第二部分,寻求暴力文化存在的心理学和社会学的根源。在心理学根源部分,笔者引用弗洛伊德、杰姆逊、弗洛姆等心理学家的观点,从心理学的角度来阐释暴力的源起之由,人类的暴力倾向根植于人类的某种本能,人的内心深处都或多或少地都会存在着某种程度的暴力倾向。在社会学根源方面,从形体特征说和经济使然说两方面来阐释暴力的根源,暴力文化的存在,有其社会原因的影响。第三部分,小说是暴力表现的重要场域之一,因此,笔者观照了小说体系中暴力的书写,此部分分析几位具有代表性的作家文本,梳理出暴力文学的发展谱系,总结暴力在小说叙述中所起的作用,这样就会对暴力的重新认识显示出新的、完全不同的特征,推进对传统的更新和文学的进步。结语,正视暴力的存在,指出它的存在有其积极的意义,它丰富了文学的视域,使文学所表现的领域更加广阔,有其本身的艺术价值。但是,提醒读者也要警惕暴力描写,它也有着潜在的负面效应 N2 - Violence has been playing an important role in modern aesthetic vision, and the description of violence phenomena is a controversial issue for a long time. Though the study of violence takes some place, but cannot relate to many significance themes, such as substantive characteristics. Thus, the writer pays attention to state of existence and substantive characteristics, etc. This paper can be divided into three parts, except for introduction and conclusion.– Section I: Narrate the development history of culture of violence, and use three concepts to define it.– Section II: Find out the origin of psychology and sociology of culture of violence. Writer uses many famous persons' viewpoint to narrate the reason of the origin of violence, such as Freud, Jameson and Fromm, etc, and find that it belongs to instinct. In sociology, writer according to physical quality and economy to narrate it.– Section III: Novel is an important part in culture of violence, writer analyses some typical novels and summarize the effects of violence in the novel and this will help to renew tradition and improve literature.– Conclusion: the existence of violence has positive fact, but it also has negative fact, readers should look out it. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warminski-Leitheußer, Gabriele T1 - Mannheim erinnert sich. Die Reichspogromnacht - ein Schandfleck deutscher Geschichte JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 46-48. Y1 - 2011 ER -