TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Was den Menschen antreibt. Psychoanalyse als Theorie und Praxis von Beziehung, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2011. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://web.psychosozial-verlag.de/psychosozial/details.php?catp=&p_id=2115 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Akrap, Domagoj T1 - Erich Fromm - ein jüdischer Denker. Jüdisches Erbe - Tradition - Religion, Münster (LIT-Verlag) 2011, 265 pp. N2 - >...wähle also das Leben< – dieses Buch ist eine Darstellung von Werk und Schaffen Erich Fromms. Dabei werden sämtliche Aspekte seines Wirkens berücksichtigt. Er wird somit nicht gesondert als Soziologe, Psychoanalytiker oder Gesellschaftstheoretiker behandelt, denn das Einende für all diese Aspekte seines Schaffens bildet ein dem Judentum entsprungenes Denken. Dieses stellt den Ausgangspunkt für das Verständnis der einzelnen Theorien Fromms zur Psychologie, Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik dar. Im Fokus der Darstellung befindet sich das Judentum in all seinen Ausprägungen, die es im 20. Jahrhundert erfahren hat. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Erich Fromm JF - A. Isaacson et al. (Eds.): Meet Your Monster, Las Vegas (Zeitgeist Press) 2011, pp. 50f. [= E. Fromm, 1961c passim] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2011, T1 - Fromm [弗洛姆] JF - Chinese Nation [中国民族报], Beijing, June 14 (2011). N2 - 弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)通常被归类为>新弗洛伊德<学派的成员。其思想体系建立在>人本主义的精神分析 <基础上,>人本主义的精神分析<的重点是指出:人类基本需求并非植根于他的本能,而是在人类生存的特殊情境,在于寻找人和自然新的关联性的需求——当人丧失 N2 - Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900 – 1980) is usually classified as a member of the school of >new Freud<. Its ideological system is built on the basis of >the spirit of humanism analysis<, the spirit of humanism analysis focus: basic human needs are not rooted in his instinct, but in special situations of human existence, is looking for and the demand of the natural correlation – when people lose. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huang, Wendan T1 - On the Theme of Loneliness in >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter> [论《心是孤独的猎手》中的孤独主题], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 20世纪40年代美国女作家卡森•麦卡勒斯的长篇小说《心是孤独的猎手》是一部极具代表意义的作品。该作品中的人物都呈现一个共同特征:孤独。国内对该小说的研究甚少。本论文从埃里希•弗洛姆新精神分析理论的角度对小说的孤独主题进行分析。首先,论文运用>金字塔<的图式分析小说中人物孤独的表现。由哑巴辛格所做的金字塔之梦引出小说孤独金字塔结构,阐明主要人物在孤独金字塔中的地位;探讨金字塔的核心人物辛格的性格特征,并说明他是如何成为其他四人心目中的>上帝<;以小女孩米克和黑人医生考普兰德为代表分析金字塔低层被俘虏人群的孤独,指出他们每个人都有自己的梦,但每个人都是孤独的。其次,论文探讨小说人物孤独的原因。一方面,卡森•麦卡勒斯自身的孤独体验影响了小说的创作。其严厉的家庭教育,反复发作的疾病和痛苦的恋情导致麦卡勒斯长期处于孤独的情结之中,也成为《心是孤独的猎手》孤独主题的主要缘由之一。另一方面,当时的社会环境和个人行为影响人物心理。信仰的缺失,人物交流的受阻,自我身份的不确定和感情的无能为力使人物陷入深深的孤独之中。最后,论文挖掘小说人物逃离孤独的方式。主要包括酗酒,施虐与受虐以及音乐。然而,酗酒只能暂时麻醉人的孤独之感,施虐与受虐使人迷失自我因而感到更加孤独,音乐只能从表面缓解孤独。这表明,20世纪美国社会普遍存在的孤独心理无法避免,任何消解方式都是徒劳。 N2 - Carson McCullers is an American woman writer in the 1940s. >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter< is one of her most representative novels. The characters in this novel share a common feature: loneliness. In China, few works have studied this novel. This thesis analyzes the theme of loneliness in this novel by employing Erich Fromm’s Neo-Psychoanalytic theory. First, this thesis analyzes the manifestation of loneliness through the pyramid structure. By narrating the mute Singer’s dream, it reduces the pyramid structure of loneliness, and clarifies every character’s status in this pyramid; then it discusses the characteristics of the core character Singer and explains how he becomes the >God< in the hearts of the other four people; finally it chooses Mick and Copeland as representatives to present the loneliness of the captive crowd in the low layer of the pyramid, pointing out each of them has his dream, but each is lonely.– Next, this thesis probes into the causes of loneliness. On the one hand, McCullers’s personal experience of loneliness influences the creation of this novel. The strict family education, the chronic diseases and the painful love keep McCullers in the mood of loneliness, which in turn becomes the source of the loneliness of the novel; on the other hand, the social environment and individual behavior in that period affect the psychology of characters. The death of god, the breakdown in communication, the loss of identity and the inability of love result in the characters’ deep loneliness.– At last, it explores the ways to escape from loneliness, including alcoholism, sadism and masochism, and music. However, alcoholism can only temporarily paralyze the feeling of loneliness, sadism and masochism lead to disorientation, making people feel lonelier; music can merely relieve the loneliness on the surface. It demonstrates that in the 20th century, the social mentality of loneliness in America is inevitable, and all the efforts to avoid loneliness are in vain. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Illescas, Francisco Javier Riuz T1 - Reflexiones éticas a partir de Erich Fromm. Una propuesta para el humanismo del siglo XXI, Granada /Editorial Académica Española) 2011, 240 pp. N2 - Este trabajo tiene una pretensión principal, revisar el valor y vigencia de la obra de Erich Fromm para reflexionar sobre un humanismo de nuestro tiempo. Para ello se revisan las nociones de naturaleza humana, felicidad, libertad y carácter social, tal y como son desarrolladas en la obra de Fromm, la lectura que el autor hace de sus fundamentos y una revisión crítica a la luz de la visión del mundo contemporáneo. Nociones como las de naturaleza humana y carácter constituyen ejes conceptúales que sirven de fundamento para el desarrollo de una propuesta, la base de una ciencia aplicada al arte del bien vivir, una ética humanista. El punto del que se parte no es otro que el análisis de la vida económica y social del hombre contemporáneo y de la influencia de ese modo de vida sobre sus pensamientos y sentimientos. Esta perspectiva ayuda a ver el mundo actual así como en describir ciertos fenómenos productores del mismo. Se pretende discutir y esclarecer hasta donde resultan rescatables las ideas de Fromm y partir de ahí para señalar horizontes y llamar la atención sobre la necesidad de pensar, de reflexionar y, en particular, sobre su vigencia ética en los tiempos contemporáneos. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Gerd T1 - Zivilcourage – eine unbequeme Bürgertugend JF - Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >Hätte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage früher und heute, Augsburg (Brigg Pädagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 109-120. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yanhua, Lu T1 - A Study of >Love Medicine< in Light of Erich Fromm's Love Theory [埃瑞克•弗洛姆爱的理论观照下的《爱药》研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Louise Erdrich is one of the most well-known and productive writers of contemporary American literature, a leading figure of the second American Indian literature wave. Her first novel and masterpiece >Love Medicine< was first published in 1984 and won a number of awards including the National Book Critics Circle Award for best work of fiction. >Love Medicine< is centered in the relationships between lovers and families. Its significance is also profound since it reflects the conflicts and synergies between Indian traditions and contemporary American society and culture. Love, being the theme of several of Erdrich’s works, is regarded as the most effective medicine of the painful soul. Love people, love your family members because only love can form them as one. Only love makes these possible – personal survival and cultural continuity. >Love Medicine< demonstrates how love integrate the separated and alienated into a coherent whole. Most of the characters living on the reservation throughout their life constitute a movement toward selfless love and forgiveness. Love, which is a intrinsic capability of human soul, enables those who are hurted to give up the notion of oneself as victim to transcend the individual limits and reach the highest spiritual realm of humanism. As its title suggests, love is the true >medicine<, bring a sense of wholeness and belongs, despite circumstances of loss or broken connection to those who reach for it. This thesis intends to make a progressing research on this theme in light of Eric Fromm’s love theory which is put forward in his the Art of loving. Introduction mainly introduces the theoretical frame of thesis, which is Eric Fromm‘s love theory.– Chapter One discusses the three types of love mainly reflected in the novel-love between family members; between male and female and among equals in the Indian world.– Chapter Two analyzes the essence of love in light of the love theory of Eric Fromm from three aspects.– Chapter Three attempts to illustrate that how love can resolve the problem of human existence by close-reading of the text and analysis of the specific scenes and characters. Through creating family ties the Indian people find a way to search for their self-identity and human survival. It tries to read and explain the complicated situation of both Indian and white culture continuity by means of love.– The thesis finally concludes that love, as a power of human heart, can be the most effective redemption to the hearted soul and at the same time, a revelation to an oblivious civilization. N2 - 路易丝•厄德里克是美国当代著名作家、印第安文艺复兴运动第二次大潮的代表人物。《爱药》是她的成名作和代表作,也是第一部被译成中文的当代美国印第安长篇小说。《爱药》主要描述了居留地印第安人的家庭生活和亲人、爱人以及整个部族成员之间的关系,也深刻地反映出印第安人的历史传统与主流社会的文化冲突与融合的现状。弘扬爱是厄德里克众多作品的主题,它被人视为心灵最有效的疗药。爱家庭,每个成员都会把自己看作是整体的不可分的一部分,并且整体是高于个体的。他们有强烈的群体意识,因为群体是他们的归属,他们的需要。爱的传承,是保持传统生生不息的上上之策。爱之药能愈合人的创伤、民族的创伤和文化的创伤。《爱药》展示了爱,如何把被分裂的和疏离的个体融合成一个有机的整体。作品中那些生活在居留地上的人们,终其一生都在努力朝向爱与谅解。爱,作为一种人类心灵独特的能力,能够把人们从>受害者<的桎梏下解放出来,超越个人的局限,从而达到人道主义的最高精神境界。本论文以埃瑞克•弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》中爱的理论为指导,层层深入地分析了《爱药》中蕴含的爱的主题。前言介绍论文的文学背景和目的,介绍了理论框架即埃瑞克•弗洛姆在他的《爱的艺术》一书中提出的爱的理论。论文的第一章分析了作品中反应的三种爱,即亲情之爱,异性之爱和博爱。第二章以弗洛姆爱的理论为指导,分析爱对人类心灵的作用。通过文本细读的方法探讨和阐述爱的本质,即爱是什么。本章从爱是付出;爱是尊重和关怀;爱是理解这三个方面阐释爱的本质。第三章试图通过文本细读和特定情境及人物分析,展示了爱如何解决人类的生存问题。阐述了爱之药是如何地愈合人的创伤、民族的创伤和文化的创伤。爱之药是如何地维系着人类的生存和发展。结论得出,爱,作为人类心灵的力量,是一剂最为有效的疗药疗治人类心灵的创伤和一个日渐没落的文明。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Ye T1 - On the >Dream< in the Works of Bulgakov [论布尔加科夫作品中的>梦<], Master thesis, Russian Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Mikhail Abramovich Bulgakov (1891-1940) was a famous Russian writer. His work in the form of eclectic, unique, both biting satire and magical color, full content of a humanitarian sense of justice and a sense of mission. In many works of Bulgakov uses dreams to reveal the characters' psychology, extended work space, the performance of their themes. Narrative theory, text analysis, combined with Freud, Jung and Fromm's dream theory to analyze the works of Bulgakov's dream. This article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter from the general description of the relationship between dream and literary works, some of the features of the dream narrative suitable carrier and summed >Dreamland< four works, second. The third Chapter analyzes particularly the dreamland in >Bai Weijun< and >Master and Margarita<, dreamland expounding the role and significance of the works of Bulgakov and summarizes Bulgakov’s overall creation of the analysis of the dreamland. [automatic translation] N2 - 米哈伊尔•阿法纳西耶维奇•布尔加科夫(1891-1940)是俄罗斯著名作家。他的作品在形式上不拘一格、独树一帜,既有辛辣的讽刺又具有魔幻主义色彩,在内容上充满了人道主义的正义感与使命感。在很多作品中布尔加科夫利用梦境来揭示人物心理,扩展作品空间,表现作品主题。本文以叙事学理论为基础,采用文本分析法,结合弗洛伊德、荣格和弗洛姆的有关梦的理论,来分析布尔加科夫作品中的梦。本文分为三个章节,第一章从总体上说明梦与文学作品的关系,梦的一些特点为叙事提供了合适的载体,并总结出梦境描写在作品中的四种作用;第二、三章具体分析《白卫军》和《大师和玛格丽特》中的梦境描写,分别论述梦境描写在布尔加科夫作品中的作用和意义,并通过对梦境描写的分析总结布尔加科夫整体的创作观。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Di T1 - Origins of Poe's Gothic Stories, Master thesis [坡恐怖小说的源流], English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 19th-century American genius writer Edgar Allan Poe's works originality, unique. A large number of his works, especially the horror stories involving death, murdered, buried alive. His creative approach and literary theory is not accepted by the society at the time, has been excluded and combat. Until the 20th century was only writers and readers to accept. Has a different interpretation of why writing these write sophisticated horror fiction while pregnant with meaning. Edgar Allan Poe is an American talented writer in the nineteenth century, whose gothic novels are deliberately composed with specially terrifying contents Many of his gothic stories related to death, murder and burial alive the His works are not accepted by the society of that time because his writing skills and literary theories are so different from the mainstream literature; even he himself is severely criticized and attacked. Not until the twentieth century is he accepted by critics and readers. The examinations of his texts have always been taking a predominant position in researches on Poe these years. Though there are some explanations of the reasons for his creation of gothic novels, they only mention that his abnormal character is the main reason because of his personal experience. As to how his abnormal character is formed, little is probed. This paper will explore the psychological origin of his writing gothic stories analyzing his psychological structure; at the same time, other origins will be explored from the aspects of culture and market, with an attempt to understand Poe systematically.– In Chapter One the style and theme of Poe's short stories are briefly introduced. The gothic elements in his novels give the reader terrifying feelings and the novels like The Black Cat, The Fall of the House of Usher etc are taken as examples to show the horrible effects brought by his gothic novels. Then the theme of this paper is introduced. Part 2 in Chapter One is mainly concerned about literature review. Literature review chiefly states the basic information of study on Poe at home and abroad as a whole. The study on Poe focuses on his short stories, poem and poetry. Later, a new study is carried out from the perspective of historicism.– In Chapter Two the psychological origin of literary creation is discussed. The psychoanalytic theories are applied to the exploration. The psychological theories, Horney's neurotic anxiety and Fromm's psychoanalysis from social aspect are used to explain the psychological motives of gothic story creation. The misfortunes in Poe's childhood and the bad relationship between him and his father lead to his worsening neurotic anxiety. The main symptoms are the lack of safety sense, the inability to deal with conflicts and his terror of death. Because of the experiences of these emotions he could understand the inner plight of people's psychology and the pains brought by the changing society. By creating terror in his gothic novels, he could express his concerns over human's fate, and transmit the terror to the reader, with an aim to stimulate readers to think deeply about life.– Chapter Three analyzes the cultural origin of his gothic novels. The emergence and development of the gothic novel obviously has an impact on Poe's gothic novels. Poe's gothic novels clearly have the gothic elements like deserted castle, violence, death, murder etc. The sharing features explain why Poe's terrifying novels are also called gothic novels. Poe steps forward by changing the gothic novels into a tool to express the psychological traumas of people, the reflection on the destructive effects brought by capitalist development on traditional civilization and values, and the desperate and painful efforts human has made to adapt to a ever changing society.– Market origin is discussed in Chapter Four. Gothic novels can bring a special emotional experience to readers, so they were popular in the society of that time to some extent, which means one could make a living by writing gothic novels or stories. Combining the above origins, Poe starts writing gothic novels. Poe's gothic novels might be better understood if his writing motives are better understood, that is, the terror in his gothic novels which is the writer's own terror exists in people's heart, and human's psychological problems should be paid attention to. N2 - 美国十九世纪天才作家埃德加•爱伦•坡的作品独具匠心,别具一格。他的大量作品,尤其是恐怖小说都涉及死亡、谋杀、活埋等内容。由于他的创作手法和文学理论并不为当时的社会所接受,一直受到排斥和打击。直到二十世纪才被作家和读者接受。对于作者为什么写出这些编写精巧同时又寓意深刻的恐怖小说有着不同的解读。本文将从文化、心理以及市场的方面进行探讨,系统的梳理并揭示作者创作恐怖小说的源流。其中将应用现代心理学理论对其心理方面的动机进行详细解释。论文的第一章简要介绍了坡小说的风格和主题。正是因为坡恐怖小说中的恐怖要素给读者带来了强烈的情绪感受,并以他的小说《黑猫》,《厄舍老屋的倒塌》等为例来说明坡恐怖小说的恐怖效应。之后提出坡为什么倾向于采用恐怖小说的体裁这个问题,引入本文研究的主题。第一章的第二部分为文献综述。文献综述分别从国外的研究和国内的研究两个方面来叙述对于坡研究的总体情况。主要涉及到对于坡的短篇小说、诗、诗歌理论的研究以及当代应用新历史主义对于坡的研究状况。国内的研究总体上文章不少,但系统性和突破性的研究不多。第二章是本文的一个重要内容。主要应用现代心理学理论——霍妮的神经焦虑症和弗洛姆的心理分析,对坡的创作心理动机进行剖析。童年生活中的重要事件如父母的去世,与养父母的关系,从事文学创作与养父对其期望的冲突等等一系列事件造成坡的心理焦虑症及恶化。最主要的表现就是安全感的缺乏,处理冲突能力的缺失和对于死亡的恐惧等。是坡把他对于现实生活在的恐惧转化为了他的恐怖小说中的恐惧,在读者阅读的时候传导给读者。经历了恐怖死亡体验之后,读者或许会真正从更深的层次去思考生活和生命。第三章主要从文化的角度来分析坡恐怖小说的源流。本章首先梳理了恐怖小说的起源和发展过程,其在19世纪的美国亦拥有一定的读者,并有美国本土作者进行创作,推动了恐怖小说在美国的发展。坡的恐怖小说当然受到早期恐怖小说的影响,在许多的恐怖要素上,比如活埋、暴力、死亡、凶杀及阴森古堡等都有像似性。但与之前的恐怖小说相比,坡的恐怖小说多了新的表达功用:成为表达人内心恐惧的有效的工具,即把资本主义社会发展带来的种种后果对人性格的撕裂和对传统文明的摧残。第四章叙述了读者对于恐怖小说的阅读需求对于坡恐怖小说创作的影响。正是因为恐怖小说有一定的读者群,坡所写的恐怖小说才能够卖的出去,小说能卖出去才能够解决坡的生计问题。因此,经济窘迫的境况也是促使坡写恐怖小说的原因之一通过对于坡创作恐怖小说的源流进行分析,可以在更深层次上去理解坡的恐怖小说。尤其是通过关注坡恐怖小说创作的的心理成因,能够帮助理解人的意识和潜意识的深层领域,从而关注人的内心精神困境 Y1 - 2011 ER -