TY - JOUR A1 - Neyshaburi, Ehsan Emami A1 - Ghasemi, Parvin T1 - A Review of Individual and Social Madness in the Beats’ Literature and Life [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2016), pp. 25-42. [Online ISSN 2247-2371] [jhss.ro/downloads/14/articles/2 Neyshaburi.pdf] N2 - Madness is a crucial theme in the Beasts’ literature and life. This article distinguishes between individual and social madness and shows their influence on the Beats, using the ideas of Erich Fromm, Michel Foucault and many others and also using the Beats’ own works and ideas. The focus is of course more on Burroughs, Ginsberg, and Kerouac. The Beats did not adjust themselves to society because they believed that American society was so irrational and mad that it brutally suppressed their individuality, repressed their natural desires, and forced them to consider themselves mad just because of lack of adjustment. As opposed to those who regard lack of adjustment as the cause of individual madness, there are others who enunciate that the individual is not to blame but society which is inattentive to individuals’ potentialities and does not adjust itself to their needs and aspirations. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ni Éigeartaigh, Aoileann T1 - >How Can One Take Delight in the World Unless One Flees to It for Refuge?<: The Fear of Freedom in Erich Fromm and Franz Kafka JF - The Polish Journal of Aesthetics, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2019), pp. 15-31. [Online ISSN 2544-8242] [doi.org/10.19205/53.19.1] N2 - Erich Fromm points to a tendency whereby the numerous freedoms gained by the citizens of modern democracies have been accompanied by widespread feelings of loneliness and disconnection. The loosening of traditional social structures leads some individuals to seek out restrictions, for example in order to counteract the feelings of being alone. This essay uses Fromm’s thesis as a lens through which to examine two of Franz Kafka’s novels in which the protagonists exemplify the >fear of freedom< proposed by Fromm. Society in these novels is perceived as a prison cell in which one must comply with social regulations, but also a fortress to which one can retreat from the chaos of the outside world, albeit at the cost of one’s psychological health. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - El fenómeno de la tecnología: ¿liberación o alienación del hombre? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 362-375. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - Il fenomeno della tecnologia: liberazione o alienazione dell’uomo? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 373-385. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - O Fenômeno da Tecnologia: Libertação ou Alienação do Homem? JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 347-361. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niel, Mathilde T1 - The Phenomenon of Technology: Liberation or Alienation of Man? (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 2, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 106-119. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kyosuke, Nukaga T1 - 超自我支配による疎外現象 - フロム自我理論における疎外論 [Alienation Phenomenon Generated by Super-ego – Alienation Theory on Fromm’s Ego Theory] JF - 現代社会学理論研究 [The Journal of Studies in Contemporary Sociological Theory], Vol. 10 (2016), pp. 115-127. [doi.org/10.34327/sstj.10.0_115] N2 - エーリッヒ・フロムは、フランクフルト社会研究所在籍時に、権威主義に対する批判的考察を行っている。この考察は、フロム独自の自我理論と疎外‐ 物象化論として把握可能である。この権威主義研究の際、フロムはフロイト自我理論への批判を、フロイトの概念である超自我、自我、エスという自我三層構造論を踏襲しながら行っている。自我が弱い時、彼は、「内部世界と外部世界」を生活充足の対象とする人格的課題を、超自我が担うことを認めている。しかしこの時、超自我が精神を支配し、この過程内で抑圧という心的機制が生じる。この抑圧によって自己は消耗し、自我の能動的行為編成機能と現実検証機能が低下するのである。そして、この超自我は権威との相互的な再帰的構造化過程を形成する。超自我は、自己の精神的エネルギーを権威対象へ投影する。さらに投影、備給された精神的エネルギーが、権威の命令を内化することによって、超自我に回帰していく。この諸過程によって、権威への合理的批判は抑制され、自我機能の低下が起こる。さらに、これは社会的相互作用として成立しているため、社会文化領域での物象化が生じるのである。最終的に、この超自我による物象化‐ 疎外現象は、次の四つの具体的事象へと帰結する。それは①精神的なエネルギーの譲渡=疎外、②自己関係の疎外、③自己による自己産出過程の物象化された超自我と権威への譲渡=疎外、④自己関係内部にある、権威対象以外の他者からの疎外である。 N2 - When Erich Fromm belonged to The Institute for Social Research, he did critical study of authoritarianism. This study can be considered to be the source of original ego theory and alienation-reification theory for Fromm. When he critically researched authoritarianism, he followed the three-layer structural theory of ego taken from Freud (super-ego, ego, id). Fromm acknowledges that super-ego carries out personal aims making >inner world and outer world< object of life’s satisfaction in life. But at this time, the super-ego dominates mind and repression as psychic mechanism is generated in this process. By this repression self is consumed and the function of ego in moderating action and self-reflection is decreased. The super-ego forms mutual and reflexive structuring process with respect authority. The super-ego projects its own mental energy on the object of authority. Projected and concentrated mental energy recurs to the super-ego through internalizing the commands from the source of authority. Rational criticism of authority is constrained, and the function of the ego is decreased. As a consequence of the establishment of social interaction reification in the socio-cultural area occurs. Finally, the reification-alienation phenomenon generated by super-ego generate four concrete effects: 1 the transfer of mental energy = alienation; 2 alienation from the self; 3 the transfer to authority of reified self-productive process of the ego = alienation; 4 alienation from others outside the internalized object of authority. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obiedzińska, Ewa T1 - Koncepcja Ericha Fromma jako wzór prawnej ochrony wolności [The Ideas of Erich Fromm as a Formula of Legal Protection of Liberty] JF - Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Vol. XV, No. 2 (2016), pp. 357-390. [ISSN 1644-0242] N2 - Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki wolności pojawiającej się w myśli Ericha Fromma poprzez odniesienie jej do współczesnego kształtowania prawa i pozycji jednostki w systemie demokratycznym. Za podstawę rozważań przyjęto tezę badacza wskazującą, że lęk człowieka przed wolnością i indywidualizmem stał się główną przyczyną rozwoju dwudziestowiecznych totalitaryzmów. Zdaniem autorki, diagnoza Fromma oraz wydobyte przez niego zagrożenia autonomii, mogą stanowić wzór ochrony wolności również we współczesnym systemie prawnym. Artykuł zawiera analizę mechanizmów i rozwiązań prawnych, dzięki którym możliwe jest wzmacnianie indywidualnej sprawczości i pozycji jednostki w demokracji. Akcentuje również niebezpieczeństwa, jakie dla wolności niesie współczesne myślenie o prawie, takie jak nadmierna jurydyzacja życia. Istotną częścią artykułu jest zbadanie poruszanych problemów z perspektywy regulacji zastosowanych w polskim systemie prawnym, a także zwrócenie uwagi na nowe ponadpaństwowe zjawiska i ruchy takie jak Liquid Democracy i Partie Piratów. N2 - The aim of the study is to examine the issue of liberty which appears in Erich Fromm’s concept by referring it to the present development of law and the position of an individual in a democratic system. The starting point for the article is Fromm’s thesis that the fear of freedom and individualism are the main causes for the rise of the 20th century totalitarianism. Universality of this diagnosis allows the author to conclude that it can be a pattern of a legal protection of liberty at present. The article analyzes legal mechanisms and solutions which allow to strengthen the individual’s position in a democracy and express its independence. It also examines a modern tendency in law-making to regulate almost every part of people’s lives which is a serious threat to freedom. The article focuses on the analysis of Polish regulations as well as new supranational phenomena and movements such as Liquid Democracy and Pirate Parties. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obiols-Suari, Núria T1 - Erich Fromm y la relación educative [Erich Fromm and the educational relationship] JF - Teoria De La Educacion. Revista Interuniversitaria, Vol. 33 (2020), pp. 51-69. [Online ISSN 2386-5660] [doi.org/10.14201/teri.23415] N2 - En este artículo consideraremos el vínculo entre la obra de Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900-1980) y la relación educativa. Fromm aportó una perspectiva humanista fundamental al pensamiento contemporáneo y su obra se caracterizó por hilvanar variadas influencias culturales, tales como el Antiguo Testamento, el Budismo, el Marxismo, la Sociología y, desde luego, el Psicoanálisis. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es el de comprender mejor esta relación, considerando sus características principales. La obra de este emblemático autor invita a reflexionar sobre aspectos diversos relacionados con la educación que van desde su concepto, sus finalidades, así como diferentes características de una buena relación educativa, temática que abordaremos en este artículo. Fromm aporta una perspectiva singular y sumamente interesante que abre espacios de reflexión a partir de variados aspectos sobre la existencia humana en sus textos. En este estudio hemos analizado doce de sus obras que van desde >El miedo a la libertad< (1941), >El arte de amar< (1956) o >El arte de escuchar< (1995). Este análisis ha permitido seleccionar aquellos contenidos vinculados a la relación educativa. Así consideraremos lo que Fromm entiende por educación, para posteriormente concretar cuáles serían las cuestiones más esenciales en una óptima relación educativa y qué la debe caracterizar. N2 - In this article we will consider the link between the work of Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900–1980) and the educational relationship. Fromm contributed a fundamental humanist perspective to contemporary thought and his work was characterized by weaving together various cultural influences, such as the Old Testament, Buddhism, Marxism, Sociology and, of course, Psychoanalysis. The main objective of the present work is to specify how this relationship could be better understood, considering its main characteristics. The work of this emblematic author invites to reflect on various aspects related to education ranging from its concept, its purposes, as well as to different characteristics of a good educational relationship, a subject that we will address in this article. Fromm brings a singular and extremely interesting perspective that opens spaces for reflection from various aspects of human existence in his texts. In this study we have analyzed twelve of his books ranging from >Escape from Freedom< (1941), >The art of loving< (1956) or >The art of listening< (1995). This analysis has allowed selecting those contents linked with the educational relationship. Then we will focus on what Fromm understands by education and after specify what would be the most essential questions in an optimal educational relationship, and what should characterize it. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nurtjahjo, Stephany Sekar Maharani A1 - Parnaningroem, Dyah Woroharsi T1 - Perilaku Sadisme Tokoh Utama dalam Kumpulan Dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann (2021) [The Sadistic Behavior of the Main Character in the Collection of Fairy Tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann] JF - Identitaet, Vol. 10, No 2 (2021): pp. 329-340. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/identitaet/article/view/42239] N2 - Penelitian ini meneliti perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dalam kumpulan dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dan (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh utama pada dongeng karya Heinrich Hoffman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< dan >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< dalam kumpulan dongeng >Der Struwwelpeter< karya Heinrich Hoffmann. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm (2000) untuk menemukan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama serta menggunakan teori agresi Sears (1994) dan Myers (2012) untuk menganalisis alasan tokoh utama melakukan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng. Hasil penelitian menemukan enam data yang menunjukkan jenis perilaku sadisme dan tujuh data penyebab perilaku sadisme. Ditemukan masing-masing dua data yang membuktikan perilaku sadisme tokoh utama dari setiap dongeng. Lalu terdapat empat data penyebab perilaku sadisme dari dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, pada dongeng >Die Geschichte vom DaumenlutscheDie Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam ketiga dongeng Heinrich Hoffmann tersebut adalah perilaku sadisme non-seksual (fisik). Dalam ketiga dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual maupun sadisme mental. (2) Lebih lanjut, penyebab tokoh utama dalam dongeng >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug< melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah dari mengamati dan meniru kegiatan orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< dan >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< adalah karena faktor biologis tokoh tersebut. Adapun dua kesamaan dalam ketiga dongeng tersebut, yakni semua perilaku yang dilakukan oleh tokoh utama adalah sadisme non-seksual (fisik) serta jenis agresi yang dilakukan adalah insturmental aggression. N2 - This research examines the main characters’ sadism in the collection of fairy tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann. It aims to describe (1) the main characters’ sadism and (2) the causes of the main characters’ sadism in Heinrich Hoffmann's fairy tales. A qualitative approach was applied to conduct this research. The data sources were the fairy tales entitled >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<, >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher<, and >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich< in the collection of fairy tales >Der Struwwelpeter< by Heinrich Hoffmann. This study applied the sadism theory by Erich Fromm (2000) to identify the main characters’ sadism and the aggression theory by Sears (1994) and Myers (2012) to analyze the main characters’ motives for doing the sadism. The results reveal six data which show kinds of sadism and seven data of the causes. Two data prove the main characters’ sadism in each fairy tale. Four data regarding the causes of sadism are found in >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug<. Other two similar data are found in Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher and the other one in >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. In conclusion, sadism in the three of Heinrich Hoffmann’s fairy tales is described as non-sexual (physical) sadism, while the type of sexual and mental sadism is not found. Moreover, the motives of the main character in the >Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug< are caused by observation and imitation of other people’s activities. The main character’s biological factor is the motive in the >Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher< and >Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich<. There are two similarities found in these three fairy tales: non-sexual (physical) sadism acted by the main characters and instrumental aggression as the type of aggression. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - O'Connor, John Henry T1 - Erich Fromm: The Aloneness of Man JF - Dominicana – A Quarterly to popular theology (Washington D.C.), No. 1 (1965), pp. 59-65. [dominicanajournal.org/wp-content/files/old-journal-archive/vol50/no1/dominicanav50n1erichfrommalonenessman.pdf] N2 - Undoubtedly Erich Fromm offers a valuable insight into the nature of man. Unquestionably, man can give meaning to his existence by perfecting himself, by developing his potentialities to the utmost. However, for the Christian, the psychologist's solution is incomplete. Such an approach to the nature of man fails to take into account the Christian truths of original sin and grace. Of course man's life is to be productive. Yet, it is not man who gives the ultimate meaning to his life. Man does not achieve the realization of his potentialities unaided. Man is not reduced to the help- less position of aloneness in Christian thought. God, through Christ, is pointing out the true meaning of human existence to eve1y man who seeks it from Him. Again, through Christ the Father offers the strength necessary to overcome the problems and dangers encountered in the human situation. There is a transcending power who cares about man and leads him to his ultimate destiny. Man is for this personal God. He is not for himself. Yes, man is to be productive; he is to strive for perfection, the full development of all his potentialities; not for himself, but for God. >Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or do anything else, do all for the glory of God.< ( I Cor. 10:31) Y1 - 1965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuurrochman, Ahmad Ghaniy T1 - God's Love in Emily Dickinson's >God Gave a Loaf to Every Bird<, Thesis (unspecified), English Language and Literature, English Department, Faculty of Humanity, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Java, Indonesia 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - This study examines Emily Dickinson’s >God Gave a Loaf to Every Bird<, which talks about love, life, and happiness. The purpose of this study is to find out God’s love in the poem. The method used in this paper is the intrinsic and extrinsic approach. The intrinsic elements, such as diction and imagery, are used to get the deeper meaning of the poem. The second one is describe the mutual love between the speaker and God through the extrinsic elements, focuses on the speaker’s perspective, maturity and life experience based on the theory of love by Erich Fromm concerning on Love of God aspects. The result shows that the speaker of the poem expresses her feelings while giving the other creature a pleasure, besides the speaker of the poem is categorized as a religious person who always grateful for what she owned. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rotkiewicz, Halina T1 - O zniewoleniu technologicznym człowieka i nadziei wiązanej z wychowaniem: poglądy Herberta Marcusego i Ericha Fromma [On the Technological Enslavement of Man and the Hope Associated with Upbringing: the Views of Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm] JF - Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe, Vol. 11 (1995), pp. 147-160. N2 - The article attempts to show relations between technology, economy, social life and education. In the first part author shows H. Marcuse’s conception of dependencies between technology, consumption, human needs and social consciousness. In the second part shows E. Fromm’s point of view on two ontological categories >to be< and >to have<. Special attention is paid to the possibility of using Marcuse’s and Fromm’s theories to analyze situation of man, his social consciousness and in this context – the role of the education in contemporary world. Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubanik, S. A. T1 - Erich Fromm on the development of Law and state in the modern globalizing world JF - Политика и Общество [Politics and Society], Vol. 89, No. 6 (2013), pp. 734-738. [ISSN: 2454-0684] N2 - В статье рассматриваются истоки, предпосылки и содержание политико-правовых представлений Эриха Фромма. Раскрывается понимание Э.Фроммом эволюции правосоциального характера личности, высшей ступенью в которой мыслитель считает революционный, отмечая, что революционер - это не бунтарь, вечно недовольный властью, а личность, которая стремится на основании радикально-гуманистических правовых идей переустроить общество. N2 - The article explores the sources, preconditions and the substance of political and legal concepts of Erich Fromm. According to him, evolution of legal and social characteristics of the individual result in thought reaching its pinnacle – revolution. Fromm states that a revolutionary is not a mere rebel, who is always displeased with authority, but rather an individuality, which, basing on radical and humanitarian legal values, is striving to reform society. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubel, Maximilien T1 - Reflexiones sobre utopía y revolución JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo socialista, Buenos Aires (Editorial Paidós) 1968, pp. 232-240. Y1 - 1968 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubel, Maximilien T1 - Reflexões sobre a Utopia e a Revolução JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Humanismo Socialista, traducao de Artur Morao, Lusa (biblioteca 70) 1976, pp. 216-225. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubel, Bertrand T1 - Tanker om Utopia og Revolusjonen JF - E. Fromm (Ed.),Demokratisk Socialisme. Et internasjonalt symposium, Oslo (Dreyers Forlag) 1975, pp. 75-82. Y1 - 1975 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubel, Maximilien T1 - Riflessioni sull’utopia e sulla rivoluzione JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), L'Umanesimo socialista, a cura di Erich Fromm, Bari (Daedalo Libri) 1971, pp. 237-245. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubel, Maximilien T1 - Reflections on Utopia and Revolution (Japanese) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), Shakaishugi humanizumu, vol. 1, Tokyo (Kinokuniyashoten) 1967, pp. 248-257. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothe, Katharina T1 - Reproduction and resistance: psychoanalysis in the midst of the political economy JF - R. Frie and P. Sauvayre (Eds., Culture, Politics and Race in the Making of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. Breaking Boundaries, London and New York (Routledge) 2022, pp. 138-161. Y1 - 2022 ER -