TY - JOUR A1 - Khandizaji, Amirhosein A1 - Caputi, Mary T1 - Erich Fromm, the Mentor JF - David Riesman and Critical Theory. Autonomy Instead of Emancipation, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2021, pp. 39-64. [Online ISBN] 978-3-030-78869-8] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78869-8_2] N2 - In the previous chapter, we examined numerous aspects of postwar American society that came into play in Riesman’s formulation of autonomy. Many factors carry weight when we consider what inspired him to write >The Lonely Crowd< and to offer his insightful analysis of conformity’s malaise. Among those who influenced Riesman intellectually, there can be little doubt that Erich Fromm played a major role. Although Riesman never accepted Fromm’s pessimistic view and radical approach to modernity in the West, we clearly see the impact of Fromm on Riesman’s ideas about social character, conformity, and especially autonomy. Thus, in order to better understand Riesman we must take a look at Fromm’s theories especially in some of his early books. Here we find several core ideas that heavily impacted Riesman’s theory of autonomy. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiyoshi, Mahito T1 - 関係性の病をいかに突破するか?―拙著『フロムと神秘主義』の視点に立って [How do we break through the illness of relationship? – On the viewpoint of my book >Erich Fromm and Mysticism<] JF - 全人的医療 [Comprehensive Medicine], Vol. 18, No. 1 (2020), pp. 57-65. [doi.org/10.32183/ifcm.18.1_57] N2 - フロムとフランクル,両者には深い共通点がある.両者とも,人間の《実存的特質》から生まれる《生きる意味を欲する》という根源的欲求との関連で人間の抱える精神的病理を解明するという視点に立つ.共にこう主張する.生きる情熱は生きる意味を掴むことによって生まれ,生きる意味を感得することは他者と深い愛の関係性(愛し愛される)を結ぶこと,いいかえると深い《応答の絆》を結ぶことによってのみ可能になる,と.この両者の観点から,現代日本の若者の精神状況を振り返るなら,我々は深い憂慮を感じざるを得ない.昨今の「拡大自殺」と名づけられた病理,自殺念慮者の増加,我が子虐待,イジメ,等々は今日の精神的荒廃を語るキーワードである.だからこそ,フロムとフランクルは若者によって再発見されねばならないし,実は両者との出会いを若者は待っている. N2 - Fromm and Frankl, both have a point of deep sameness. Both stand on the same viewpoint, that man must elucidate the psychopathy in the relationship with >the fundamental desire for sense of life<, which results from >the existential specific character< of human being. Both insistence equally, that man can get the passion to live only by grasping the sense of life, and man can feel the sense of life only by binding together >the deep cords of love< (loving and being loved) with others, that is, >the deep cords of call & response<. When we turn now to the mentality of Japanese youth today from that viewpoint of both, we must feel the deep anxiety. The psychopathy, which is called recently >the expanded suicide<, the increase of suicide-intending youth, the cruel treatment for own child, IJIME (rag), etc. these are the keywords, which indicate today's mental desolation. So, now, Fromm and Frankl must be re-found by the youth! Really they are waiting for their encounter with both! Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiyaschenko, N. I. T1 - Феномен нечеловеческого в человеке [The Phenomenon of Non-Humanity in a Human Being] JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], Vol. 64, No. 1 (2014), pp. 33-40. [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - Предмет исследования — рассмотрение нечеловеческого в человеке. Данная проблема имеет несколько аспектов. Во-первых, она связана с религиозной тематикой. В сакральной литературе человек рассматривается как греховное создание, впавшее в первородный грех. Во-вторых, тема нечеловеческого сопряжена с моральным аспектом. Здесь она трактуется как человеческая подверженность злу. В-третьих, нечеловеческое в человеке связано с постепенным разочарованием в нём как в божьей твари, получившим освещение в средневековой литературе. Это вызвало особый феномен, который Н.А. Бердяев назвал «умалением человека». Новый этап в раскрытии этой темы можно связать с психоаналитическими традициями. Психоанализ раскрывает феноменологию бессознательного, природу инстинктов, ведущих к агрессии и разрушительству. Фромм пишет специальную книгу «Анатомия человеческой деструктивности». Наконец, нечеловеческое становится сюжетом современной трансгуманистической философии. Речь идет о том, чтобы внедрить в человека нечто, позволяющее исправить человеческую природу, создать нового человека. Автор опирается на столь значимую методологию, как герменевтический и психоаналитический анализтекстов, позволяющий в данном случае раскрыть разные аспекты нечеловеческого. Новизна статьи в постановке самой темы, которая в отечественной литературе не была предметом самостоятельного анализа. Автор делает попытку проследить историко-философскую традицию, которая связана с этой проблемой. Накоплены многочисленные интуиции о том, какое место занимает в потомке Адама то, что не соответствует его изначальной природе. Однако данная тема не рассматривалась в целостном историко-философском ракурсе. Прослеживая осмысление этой проблемы от древности до на ших дней, мы видим, что она актуализирует самые неожиданные ходы исследовательской мысли. Особенно злободневно звучат в этой теме сюжеты духовности человека как особого рода сущего. Человеческое не может раскрыть себя, если оно не связано с нечеловеческим. N2 - The subject of research is to analyze non-humanity in a human being. The aforesaid problem has many aspects. Firstly, it is related to religious topics. Religious literature views human as a sinful creature falling into the first sin. Secondly, the topic of ‘non-humanity’ is associated with morals and interpreted as the human susceptibility to evil. Thirdly, the concept of non-humanity in human is the result of gradual disappointment in human as a god’s creature as it was depicted in the medieval literature. This has led to another phenomenon which Nikolay Berdyaev called ‘the impairment of human’. Psychoanalysis started a new stage in the development of this concept. Psychoanalysts introduced the phenomenology of the unconsciousness and the nature of the instincts leading to aggression and destruction. Fromm wrote a special book called >The anatomy of human destructiveness<. Finally, non-humanity becomes the subject of modern trans-humanistic philosophy. Researchers started to question whether it was possible to embed something into human which would allow to change the human nature and create a new human. The author bases his research on such significant methods as the hermeneutic and psychoanalytical analysis of texts allowing to reveal different aspects of non-humanity. The novelty of research is the introduction of the topic which has never been viewed as the subject of independent analysis in Russian sources. The author of the article makes an attempt to trace back the development of the historical and philosophical tradition with reference to this problem. Even though there have been some discussions about Adam’s descendants and some features they may have different from Adam’s nature. However, this topic has never been discussed from the point of history and philosophy. The author of the article describes how this problem has been developing from ancient days till today. The author underlines that without being opposed to non-humanity, humanity can’t fully reveal itself. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klimešová, Lenka T1 - Pojetí člověka u Herberta Marcuseho a Ericha Fromma [Herbert Marcuse's and Erich Fromm's Concept of Man]. Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 36 pp. N2 - This bachelor thesis deals with conception of various human aspects according to Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse. These aspects are freedom, society and human. In introduction is shortly introduced the Frankfurt school, both authors were its members and this school form them. There is mentioned freedom and her economic, religious and anthropological development in culture. Below is here shown directly evolution of human. Fromm and Marcuse go from Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx. In one chapter Fromm shows us an evolution of human character and Marcuse analyses evolution of Ego, which has to fight with Id and Superego. Chapter about society more deal with capitalism and there authors go from aforementioned Karl Marx. Fromm presents his conception of mood to have and mood to be. Marcuse shows us a technical progress in industrial society. In conclusion will be compared theory of both philosophers and it will be examined their usability at the present time. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiraz, Selin T1 - Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitüsü ile Erich Fromm ve Sigmund Freud İlişkisi [Relation of Institute for Social Research with Erich Fromm and Sigmund Freud] JF - Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2018), pp. 61-72. [Online ISSN: 2667-8683] [dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/692955] N2 - Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitü’sü, eleştirel perspektifi daima göz önünde bulundurarak çalışmalarını yürüten, tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok konu, olay ve sorun olarak gördükleri alanlarda çalışmalarda bulunan Almanya merkezli bir okuldur. Enstitü üyelerinin yayımlanan çalışmalarında tarih, sosyoloji, siyaset bilimi gibi başat alanlar göze çarpar niteliktedir. Psikanaliz konusundaki çalışmaları ise diğer alanlara göre oldukça sayılı fakat bir o kadar da incelenmeye değerdir. Bu çalışmada, Enstitü’ye katıldığı ilk dönemde kendisini NeoFreudcu olarak addeden Erich Fromm’dan yola çıkarak Enstitü üyelerinin psikanalizle ilgili çalışmaları incelenmiş ve üyelerin bu bilimsel alana olan olumlu-olumsuz görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, birçok alanda sosyal bilimler adına çok değerli çalışmalara imza atan bu kuramcıların psikanalize ve Freud’un kuramlarına bakış açılarını yansıtmak ve psikanalizi kendi çalışma larında nasıl kullandıklarını belirlemektir. N2 - The Institute for Social Research is a German-centered school always carrying out their work with a critical perspective that has been working in the fields of many issues, events and problems in the historical process. In the published works of the members of the Institute, the leading fields such as history, sociology, politics are remarkable. The studies on the subject of psychoanalysis are rather numerous compared to other fields, but they need to be examined as well. In this study, the studies of psychoanalysis of Institute members are examined via Erich Fromm, who regarded himself as Neo-Freudist and the positive-negative opinions of the members on this scientific field were discussed. The aim of the study is to reflect on the views of psychoanalysis and Freud’s theories of these theoreticians who have signed many valuable works on behalf of many social sciences, and how they use psychoanalysis in their own work. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kitliński, Tomasz A1 - Leszkowicz, Paweł T1 - Towards a philosophy of affective alterity. A reconnaissance [Afektyvios kitybės filosofijos metmenys. Apžvalga] JF - Filosofija. Sociologija / Philosophy. Sociology, Vol. 18, No. 1 (2007), pp. 24-35. [Online ISSN 2424-4546] [mokslozurnalai.lmaleidykla.lt/publ/0235-7186/2007/1/22-33.pdf] N2 - The text is an intervention in post-secularist and anti-fundamentalist philosophy of affective alterity. It attempts to reconstruct the philosophical tradition of affective alterity and to construct its theory. Homosexuality is affective alterity, love between Thou and I. In the article, there are explored the dynamic religions in their openness to the Other with an emphasis on Judaism and the >love the stranger< postulate in the Hebrew Bible, to biblical and rabbinical literature as well as Erich Fromm’s and Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytic interpretations of them. The idea of hospitality, rooted in the Bible and the Koran, was revived by Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Griselda Pollock and Geoffrey H. Hartman. It is of urgent importance in Poland where the fundamentalist misogyny and homophobia increase. In the paper, queer rights are examined as human rights, and this is again pertinent to Eastern Europe. The methodology of the intersection of cultural analysis and Jewish studies here are inspired by Ernst van Alphen, Mieke Bal, Christina von Braun and Griselda Pollock. A particular connection between Jewisheness and queerness is stressed by Daniel Boyarin, Ann Pelegrini and Alisa Solomon; as the authors write, it is to be found in today’s Poland in the Shterndlech Iton Babel magazine published by the younger generation. Also, the feminist studies of Maria Janion, Kazimiera Szczuka and Bozena Uminska are of significance here. The authors end with visual culture productions: the queer art exhibition curated by Pawel Leszkowicz in Poznan in 2005 and in Gdansk in 2006. The authors also refer to the polymorphous work of the Lithuanian artists Svajonė and Paulius Stanikai and to the work of loss and memory of the Polish artist Ewa Kuryluk. Throughout the paper, the authors propose their understanding of love. The text whose part is entitled >Faith and Democracy< is a sequel to our Polish-language book >Love and Democracy. Reflexions on the Homosexual Question in Poland< published in 2005 with an extensive English summary. According to the authors, our loves, our subjectivities are despised and disrespected, but created in art and philosophical research as activism. The authors summarize: let us exercise (in) love. N2 - Tekstas skirtas postsekuliariai ir postfundamentaliai kitybės filosofijai. Siekiama rekonstruoti efektyvios kitybės filosofinę tradiciją ir pateikti jos teoriją. Homoseksualumas nagrinėjamas kaip efektyvus kitoniškumas. Analizuojamos dinamiškos religijos, atviros Kitam. Akcentuojamas judaizmas ir hebrajų Biblijos svetimo meilė. Apeliuojama į Bibliją, rabiniškąją literatūrą bei jų psichoanalitinę interpretaciją, pateiktą E. Frommo ir J. Kristevos. Biblijos ir Korano svetingumo idėją esą atnaujino J. Derrida, J. Kristeva, G. Pollockas ir G. H. Hartmanas. Pateikiama kultūros analizė ir žydų literatūros studijos sankirta, inspiruota E. van Alpheno, M. Balio, Ch. von Braun bei G. Pollock. Pabaigoje analizuojami vizualios kultūros, kuriai atstovauja Lenkijos ir Lietuvos menininkai, pavyzdžiai. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kivley, Lowell R. T1 - A Descriptive Study of Healthy Religion and Its Effects on Personality, Master of Sience in Education, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Education, Educational Psychology and Guidance, Graduate School, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, USA 1984, 42 pp. [thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2818] Y1 - 1984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kit, Tay Lai A1 - Talebian Sedehi, Kamelia T1 - Quest to Freedom: Reclaiming Individuality through Sado-Masochism in >Faggots< by Larry Kramer [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 7, No. 7 (2017), pp. 506-511. [ISSN 1799-2591] [doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0707.02] N2 - Individuality is the quality or character of a particular person that distinguishes them from others of the same kind. In other words, it is the mark which separates its existence from the rest of the group. According to Fromm, the process of individuality begins at infancy level when the child is separated from the mother. This then takes an emotional toll on the child as he suffers from loneliness and anxiety which stem from the prior separation. The child will henceforth acquire his individuality through the process of socialization which requires constant interaction with people in his life. For this paper, we have selected a novel, Faggots, authored by Larry Kramer, to be the main text for our research. This article argues that the characters in the text are conflicted with feelings of anxiety and loneliness as they embark on respective quest to eradicate the feeling of loneliness by looking for a potential life partner. However, these characters go through a series of promiscuous relationships by living an active sexual lifestyle on the ground that they are in search of the >right< one. Therefore, this paper will look into the sadistic and masochistic (sometimes both; otherwise known as sadomasochistic) tendency practiced by the characters in the novel in their quest to reclaim their lost individuality. This research draws in the concept of freedom, sadism, and masochism as proposed by Erich Fromm to further consolidate the findings. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kit, Tay Lai A1 - Talebian Sedehi, Kamelia T1 - Normalizing Masochism: Subversion and Reification of Hegemony in Larry Kramer's >The Normal Heart< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Language and Communication, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2016), 241-248. N2 - In its broadest sense, hegemony is defined as a set of agreed ideologies practiced by prominent regimes and governments which influences people’s minds. One of the practices which can be observed in most societies is the exclusion and rejection of homosexuals of their fundamental rights as humans. As such, the issue will be magnified in this paper through a satirical play written by Larry Kramer, entitled >The Normal Heart<. Parallel with the dominant hegemony, the homosexual characters in the play are mistreated and isolated within their own society. To retaliate, these characters consider themselves as victims and intend to counter the situation by masochism. However, the attempt seems to backfire and reify the preexisting hegemony. As such, this paper explores >The Normal Heart< in light of Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony as well as Erich Fromm’s masochism. To further specify, the paper examines the homosexual characters – their victimization and their fight against the dominant ideologies and how it all leads to their estrangement within the society. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kobylarz, Karol T1 - Sprzeczności liberalnej demokracji a sofokracja Václava Havla [Contradictions of Liberal Democracy and Václav Havel's Sophocracy], Doctoral Dissertation, Philosophy, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland 2018, 241 pp. N2 - This dissertation tries to prove that the so-called philosopher on the throne can be a better ruler not only than dictator but also than contemporary liberal democratic politician. Since the sixth century BC, when the human undertook a systematic and critical contemplation upon surrounding reality, she/he has begun to dream about political rulers to be guided in their doings by the imperative of reason. In principal, the higher level of spiritual culture characterized the rulers, the more likely their subjects were to live to a great age in relative peace. That is why for centuries it has been dreamed of a political system that is something like a kind of a sophocracy. The most complete picture of such a sovereign, which fulfilled dreams about a sage in the crown, was outlined by Plato in his State. In his point of view, as long as the lovers of wisdom will not have royal power in the states, or the rulers will not begin to love wisdom honestly, there is no help for states and for the human race. Nevertheless, over the centuries, authority was enforced mainly by physical strength and not by reason. It was not until the twentieth century that democracy brought freedom and equality of rights, thanks to which political power became more rational. Unfortunately, also contemporary liberal democracy is not free from fundamental contradictions that can bring about its collapse. The main contradiction is the increasingly smaller influence of citizens – who in the theory of democracy are the only legal sovereign – on political decision-making. This is accompanied by the enhancing influence of entities with no democratic legitimacy, e.g. global corporations that do not care about the common (public) good, but only about their own. These entities use the growing intellectual and ethical weakness of democratic politicians whose purpose is their own particular interest and not the happiness (good) of their citizens. This may indicate a slow system disintegration. For this reason liberal democracy needs politicians who are wise enough to realize this threat. Of all the people in the history of the world who led political communities, to the Platonic ideal in the highest degree (among others, like T. G. Masaryk and Á. Göncz) got closer the man who, paradoxically, never wanted to be a ruler. Václav Havel's thought is a critique of both Soviet post-totalitarianism and Western democracy. In his opinion both systems, though to a different degree, alienate a human trying to reduce her/him to the role of a machine's cog. Havel proposes that every citizen take individual and global responsibility for herself/himself and the whole world, because only in this way she/he can consciously exert real influence over political decisions. What is more, this is the only way to build a politics that aims – if possible – the happiness of every person. Havel realizes that in today's world this attitude is extremely impractical and very difficult to apply in everyday life. Nevertheless, he knows no better possibility. Y1 - 2018 ER -