TY - JOUR A1 - Sholihah, Aminatus A1 - Woroharsih, Dyah T1 - Perilaku Sadisme Tokoh dalam Kumpulan Dongeng Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel< [Das Sadismusverhalten der Figuren in der Märchensammlung der Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] [Sadistic Behavior of Characters in Brüder Grimm's Fairy Tale Collection >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] JF - Identitaet, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018), 9 pp. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/identitaet/article/view/25158] N2 - Dongeng pada umumnya memberikan nilai-nilai moral baik dan buruk. Hal itu dicerminkan oleh perilaku tokoh. Dalam dongeng ada perilaku tokoh yang positif dan juga yang negatif. Salah satunya adalah perilaku kejam atau sadisme yang dilakukan antar tokoh.Dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm adalah contohnya. Di sini terdapat tokoh yang memiliki perilaku positif juga perilaku negatif berupa perilaku sadisme. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) Perilaku sadisme berjenis apakah yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel? (2) Apakah penyebab adanya perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel. (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel dalam kumpulan dongeng Kinder -und Hausmärchen karya Brüder Grimm. Data penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm untuk menemukan rumusan masalah satu serta untuk menemukan rumusan masalah dua menggunakan teori agresi Sears. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dengan bentuk perilaku membunuh. Dan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Aschenputtel merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dan sadisme mental dengan bentuk perilaku menyiksa dan menghina. Serta dalam kedua dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual. (2) penyebab tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah adanya rasa kompetisi dan adanya serangan dari orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng Aschenputtel adalah karena rasa permusuhan dan ingin mencapai tujuan lain. N2 - Im allgemeinen gibt Märchen uns guten und schlechten moralischen Wert. Es wird durch das Verhalten Figur der Figuren reflektiert. Im Märchen gibt es nicht nur ein positives Figurverhalten, aber auch negatives Figurverhalten. Ein Beispiel ist grausames Verhalten oder Sadismus zwischen den Figuren. Im Märchen von Brüder Grimm, Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel sind da. Hier gibt es Figuren mit positivem Verhalten und negativem. Die Probleme dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Welche Art von dem Sadimusverhalten von Figuren in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel? (2) Was sind die Ursache des Sadismusverhaltens in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm?. Die Ziele dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Das Sadismusverhalten von Figuren im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel zu erklären (2) Die Ursache des Sadimusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zu erklären. Die Untersuchung ist eine qualitative Studie. Die Datenquellen sind Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel aus der Märchensammlung von Brüder Grimm. Die Daten sind die Sätze, die das Verhalten des Sadismus im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zeigen. Diese Untersuchung benutzt die Sadismustheorie von Erich Fromm um das erste Problem zu beweisen. Und die Aggressionstheorie von Sears und Myers wird hier benutzt um das zweite Problem zu beweisen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung werden gezeigt: (1) Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen ist physikalischer Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens ist Töten. Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind physikalischer Sadismus und geistiger Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens sind Folter und Demütigung. Sowie in beiden Märchen werden sich kein sexueller Sadismus gefunden. (2) Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen sind Gefühl des Wettbewerbs und Angriffe von anderen. Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind Feindseligkeit und Erreichung der Andere Ziele. N2 - Fairy tales generally provide good and bad moral values. It is reflected by the character's behavior. In the fairy tale there are positive character behaviors as well as negative ones. One of them is cruel behavior or sadism committed between characters. Brüder Grimm's Brüder Grimm's tale of >Schneewittchen< and >Aschenputtel< is an example. Here there are characters who have positive behavior as well as negative behavior of sadism behavior. The research problems are (1) what kind of sadistic behaviorof the characters in a fairy tale Schneewittchen sadism and Aschenputtel? (2) what is the cause of the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm? This study aims to (1) describe the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel. (2) describes the causes of sadistic behavior perpetrated by figures in the Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel tales by Brüder Grimm. This type of research is qualitative research. The source of research data is the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel in the collection of Kinder -und Hausmärchen's story by Brüder Grimm. This research data is a sentence that shows the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm. This study uses Erich Fromm's sadism theory to find the first problem and to find the second problem using the aggressive theory of Sears and Myers. The results show that (1) the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by killing. And the behavior of sadism in Aschenputtel's fairy tale is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by torturing and mental sadism by insulting. And in both the tales are not found type of sexual sadism. (2) the cause of the character in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen conduct sadistic behavior is the sense of competition and the presence of attacks from others while in Aschenputtel fairy tale is because of a sense of hostility and want to achieve other goals. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shen, Jiali T1 - Research on Fromm’s Critical Theory of Character Structure N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm is a Western Marxist and a major representative of the >Freudian Marxism< school. His thoughts are very rich, among which the critical theory of character structure is of great significance and is an important component of Fromm’s ideological system. This theory is an original theory formed by Fromm on the basis of combining Marx’s thought and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, and on this basis, he deeply criticized Western capitalist society. The content of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure is mainly reflected in the trilogy of character structure theory, namely, >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself<, and >The Sane Society<. Through these three books, we can see the clear thread of the construction and development of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure: from the analysis of the causes of specific social phenomena-the rise and popularity of fascism-to the theoretical framework, and finally highlight the future direction of this theory. >Escape from Freedom< is mainly a probe into the origin of the significant event of the emergence and popularity of fascism in the 1930s, revealing the universal state of modern people’s escape from freedom and the formation of psychological mechanisms for escape from freedom. Starting from the discussion of human nature issues, >Man for Himself< proposed a division and in-depth interpretation of human social personality, and initially completed the configuration of the critical theory of personality structure. >The Sane Society< is the development and extension of the themes in >Escape from Freedom< and >Man for Himself<, highlighting the ideal future pointed to by the critical theory of character structure.– The introduction first introduces the theoretical value and practical significance of the research, then combs the research status of domestic and foreign scholars on Fromm’s critical theory of character structure, summarizes the main viewpoints of the academic community on its theory and the existing problems. Finally, the research methods, research objectives, and innovations of this article are proposed. The first chapter mainly analyzes the origin of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. The changes brought about by the two world wars and the industrial revolution are the realistic background for the emergence of this theory. Marx’s thought and Freud’s theory are the theoretical source and foundation of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. Fromm, based on Marxist positions and methods, placed human beings in the relationship between human beings and the world and analyzed human behavior from the perspective of economic and social structures. However, he believed that Marx ignored the importance of irrational factors and did not realize the laws of human nature itself. So Fromm borrowed Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and devoted himself to theoretical elaboration of modern people’s social personality from the perspective of social psychology.– The second chapter mainly analyzes the foundation of the critical theory of character structure: the escape freedom theory. In the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm reveals the formation process of the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom based on the situation of people escaping freedom in modern society, and forms a systematic theory of escaping freedom. This article mainly expounds the process and reasons for people’s transition from pursuing freedom to escaping freedom, and sorts out three manifestations of the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom: authoritarianism, destructive desire, and mechanical convergence. Fromm seeks to find a positive way out of love and labor for people, enabling them to maintain individual independence, achieve positive freedom, and establish close ties with others. The third chapter mainly explains the construction of the critical theory of personality structure. >Man for Himself< is a sequel to escaping freedom. Fromm further reveals the alienation of modern personality structure in his book. The discussion of human nature is the foundation and prerequisite for the concept of social character. Fromm revealed three main contradictions faced by human beings by analyzing their survival dilemmas, which led to various needs. It is precisely because people have adopted different ways and means in the process of striving to meet these needs that they have formed different social personalities. This part systematically explores the connotation of social character, the expression of alienation of human social character, and the division of social character-productive and non-productive social character. It focuses on explaining four types of pathological non-productive social character, and initially proposes an ideal personality under sound social conditions, namely, productive social character.– The fourth chapter mainly discusses the future dimensions of the critical theory of personality structure. >The Sane Society< is the ideological extension of >Escape from Freedom< and >Man for Himself<. Since the existing society is morbid and cannot support the shaping of an ideal productive social character, it should move towards the construction of a sound society. Fromm proposed three solutions to the problems of capitalist society: totalitarianism, super capitalism, and socialism beyond both. He analyzed the reasons why the three solutions could not be implemented, and then advocated the establishment of >Humanistic socialism<. He proposed standards and theoretical ideas for a sound society, and discussed specific reform plans for moving towards a sound society. The fifth chapter evaluates the value and limitations of Fromm’s critical theory of character structure. This theory enriches Marx’s alienation theory, expands the content of Marxist social character and Freud’s character theory, and has unique theoretical contributions. At the same time, it also deepened the criticism of contemporary capitalist society. Of course, it also has the limitations of breaking away from historical materialism and not touching the fundamental contradictions of capitalist society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sheldrake, Peter A1 - Hurley, James T1 - The Good Manager in a World of Change JF - Journal of Human Values, Vol 6, No. 2 (2000), pp. 131-144. [Online ISSN 0973-0737] [doi.org/10.1177/097168580000600204] N2 - Our intention in this brief article is to explore the idea of what it means to be a >good< manager. We discuss some of the dilemmas faced by managers seeking to define their role performance in terms additional to those of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. To do this, we describe critical aspects of the contemporary context. We propose that the changes we are experiencing give organizations a central role in how people define their personal and social well-being. Our contention is that in this central role organizations will be faced with situations requiring solutions of fundamental value conflicts. This means that the nature of the question as to what it means to be a >good< manager will become both increasingly important and increasingly complex. Further, the exploration of the issue can no longer be limited to operational efficiency, but must include the manager's capacity to conceptualise both his own role and that of the organization within the broader socio-environmental context. We contribute to the dialogue by proposing that being >good< will involve on the part of the manager an awareness of the values involved in a decision and an alignment of action with what Erich Fromm has called >life-giving< values. This approach in no way diminishes the requirement that a manager be competent in the fullest sense of the word; it requires, however, a deeper understanding of competence and of the commitment a manager will need to act justly, fairly and with care. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Catherine B. T1 - The Work of Benign Aggression and Negativity Within a Frommian Framework. My Clinical Journey JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 053-082. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - 23 Y1 - 2023 VL - e27/2023c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simel, Sanja T1 - Education for a Positive Self-image in a Contemporary School JF - Journal of Education Culture and Society, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2013), pp. 108-115. [Online ISSN 2575-3363] [jecs.pl/index.php/jecs/issue/view/25] N2 - In today’s world characterized by changed systems of values and materialism, pedagogy should emphasize education for a positive self-image, especially in the contemporary school, whose educational goals are freedom, independence and individuality. This theoretical analysis provides a review of research on the importance and relationship of positive self-image with other factors, such as social skills and academic achievement. Simultaneously, the methods and procedures by which teachers can foster a student’s positive self-image are displayed. Although the degree of positive self-thinking is for the most part formed in interaction with other people, it is extremely important to raise students’ awareness about their own internal strengths as well as their possibility of choice. The education of a positive self-image can be considered a part of >positive pedagogy< or >positive education< which focuses on traditional skills and happiness, but also joy – fervor that accompanies being (Fromm, 2004, p. 130) Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon-Wagenbach, Helga T1 - Meditation: Bewusst-Werden, Bewusst-Sein. Der individuell gestaltete Erfahrungsprozess ganzheitlicher Transformation und seine nachhaltig wirksame Resonanz JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 036-041. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 26 Y1 - 2023 VL - d27/2023c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Julius T1 - German-Jewish Philosophers Facing the Shoah JF - Roth, J. K., Maxwell, E., Levy, M., Whitworth, W. (Eds.): Remembering for the Future, London (Palgrave Macmillan) 2001, pp. 1088–1105. [Online ISBN 978-1-349-66019-3] [doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_73] N2 - As we face the past in considering the events of the 20th century, we tend to continue to describe armed conflicts as theatres of war, our backs to the future. Such descriptions presuppose that we are capable of speaking about how the actions are staged and performed and that the experience of such events is not only presentable but also capable of representation. As we look back through the debris, we also notice another tendency, i.e., that genocides frequently have been associated with actions of modern war and rationalized and justified as necessary extensions of violent struggles for survival. This has been no less the case in, most recently, the Balkans, than during the 1970s in Rwanda or Cambodia and from 1939–45 in Nazi Germany.– Speaking of genocide as a kind of >theatre<, however, seems even more absurd than referring to the performative acts of war in terms of protagonistic and antagonistic actors, directors, spectators, and impartial critics of the whole process. But what other choice do we have than to deal with the terms of absurdity? Are we not constrained in our engagements with others to act in one way or another through exercising simulation or dissimulation, revealing or concealing our intentions or desires behind the masks which we daily don? Are we not forced to admit and confront what are considered human aberrations from our stipulations of normal human behaviour? Are we not also then constrained to engage again and again in the difficult tasks of expression and interpretation of signs and gestures? Given that constraint, in the intermingling of our roles as actor, spectator and critic, then, we present and perceive public faces which are marked and masked with lines and traces of our ethical relations. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simmonds, Janette Graetz T1 - The oceanic feeling and a sea change: Historical challenges to reductionist attitudes to religion and spirit from within psychoanalysis JF - Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1 (2006), pp. 128-142. [Online ISSN 1939-133] [doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.23.1.128] N2 - Three waves of challenges may be perceived from within psychoanalysis to its reductionist attitude to religion and spirit. These historical challenges from within psychoanalysis are an important context for reading the many papers now being published on spirituality and psychotherapy, and increasingly, spirituality and psychoanalysis. The 1st wave began with some of Freud's contemporaries, among them his friend, the psychoanalyst and pastor Oscar Pfister; the Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, and the poet T. S. Eliot. Challenges continued after Freud's death: In Britain from psychoanalysts such as Rickman and Guntrip, and in America initially by the European immigrants, Erikson and Fromm. British independent psychoanalysts initiated what may be considered to be the 3rd wave, whose momentum is now swelling to a sea change. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Siniugina, Larysa T1 - Agresja czy miłość. Prezentacja poglądow Ericha Fromma [Aggression or Love. Erich Fromm's Views], Warsaw (KAW – National Publishing Agency) Poland, 125 pp. Y1 - 1981 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. T1 - Female Psychosexuality JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 23 (1995), pp. 019-032. Y1 - 1995 ER -