TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Zi T1 - The Critical Theory of Capitalism under Han Byung-chul’s Psychopolitics, Master thesis, Philosophy; Politics, The Critical Theory of Capitalism under Han Byung-chul’s Psychopolitics Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2022. N2 - Since the 1980s, new changes have taken place in capitalism: neoliberalism has become the main political and economic practice in contemporary western capitalist society, while the mode of production has gradually shifted from materiality to the parallel production mode of materiality and non-materiality. The rule mode of capitalism has changed from negative power to positive power. In the operation process of contemporary capitalism, although it seems to emphasize individual freedom and liberation, it still insists on the logic of capital multiplication to rule the operation of the whole society in essence. Therefore, it also causes various social problems in the western capitalist society. How to understand the society under the power operation of contemporary neoliberalism, where its contemporary symptoms are manifested, and how to deal with it have also aroused the attention and concern of many social critical theorists, so many theories of understanding and surpassing contemporary capitalist society have emerged. Han Byung-chul’s critical theory of psychopolitics was born. The theory of >psycho-politics< has a self-evident need to be distinguished from the analytic Marxism of Fromm, Horkheimer, and Althusser. On the surface, although psychoanalysis and psychopolitics share the thinking of >spirit<, their purport and analysis methods are quite different. Psychoanalysis of Marxism is to psychoanalysis as a way to how individual psychology works interpretation in the manipulation of capitalism, and Han Byung-chul political theory put forward by the spirit is the spiritual production as the breakthrough point, discusses the new liberal regime by >self optimization> and >emotion< economic Angle used to describe the spirit be capital. In fact, this is also a critique of the capitalist ideology of deep thinking. As a social critic, Han Byung-chul was influenced by the development of contemporary capitalist society and the theories of the existing social critics. So he is not only in combination with the new situation of the contemporary developed capitalism, at the same time also learn to many social critics, especially the critical theory of Marx’s capital, the Frankfurt school’s theory of ideological criticism, aesthetic liberation theory and life, a political scientist at foucault and others thought, for their own critical theory analysis model to lay the ideological foundation. After the politics of life has become an important perspective of neoliberal governance, the politics of spirit proposed by Han Byung-chul can be regarded as an important supplement to the politics of life. At present, the thinking of governance should also shift from physical domination to spiritual thinking. Han Byung-chul ’s overall analysis of psycho-politics contains the overall logic of neoliberal power operation. In Byung-Chul Han’s analysis, burnout society, transparent society and performance society constitute three perspectives to examine contemporary capitalism, which also contains the results of the role of spiritual and political power, monitoring power and capital power. Among them, the theory of >self-exploitation< constitutes the core theory of Byung-Chul Han’s critique of psychopolitics. Whether >self-exploitation< constitutes a breakthrough point to solve contemporary problems beyond Marx’s critical view of capital. This paper attempts to understand the theory of self-exploitation put forward by Han Byung-chul from the perspective of Marx’s capital criticism. Although Han Byung-chul thinks that self-exploitation constitutes the existing state of contemporary individual alienation, he does not understand the way of individual existence from the employment labor system, so he does not get to the root of individual alienation in capitalist society. Secondly, by analyzing Marx’s critique of political economy to Han Byung-chul proposed social alienation phenomenon, we found that the power of capital as the essential power structure of the contemporary social daily life way, and Han Byungchul liberation path is not functioning, according to the theory of capital and power in modern society, but only through the liberation of consciousness, Therefore, it misses the essential elements of the critique of capitalism. Han Byung-chul’s theory of self-exploitation is not tenable in the context of political economy criticism. Self-exploitation is simply the result of modern capitalism making its methods of exploitation more secretive. Han Byung-chul’s critique of contemporary capitalist society based on the theory of psycho-politics does not surpass the theoretical roots of Marx’s critique of capital. However, Marx’s critical theory of political economy may respond to the current form of social alienation as an essential dimension of Marx’s critical theory of political economy, which criticizes the mode of production and multiplication of capital. Han Byung-chul is based on a contemporary social critical theory constructed in the development reality of contemporary capitalism. The ultimate appeal of his theory is consistent with That of Marx. Han Byung-chul perspective of contemporary capitalist society effectiveness not only embodies the contemporary of Marxism, but also face to face with modern problems put forward the path of liberation and beyond, is to rebuild the other in order to reconstruct a new relationship, at the same time through lust to open up a redemption of emotions and the individual psychology, and to call for the reconstruction of the authority, a truth so as to resist the rule of capitalism. The road of aesthetic redemption of Frankfurt School also constitutes a main way for Han Byung-chul to transcend modernity. He criticizes the logic of contemporary capital multiplication, so as to escape the alienation caused by capital to individuals through the desire for beauty, and reform individual life field through aesthetic redemption. In general, it is very valuable for Han Byung-chul to analyze the pathological features of contemporary capitalist society based on >psycho-politics<. He provided a new way of thinking about the contemporary capitalist society and deepened his criticism of the capitalist society. However, he did not clarify the root of capitalist social alienation, did not combine the basic thinking of Marx and Engels’ political economy criticism, and only gave a limited way to transcend social alienation from the subject point of view. However, Han Byung-chul’s critical theory of spiritual politics also has some practical enlightenment, that is, it urges us to reflect on the operating mechanism of contemporary capitalist society, liberate alienated labor, and promote the reform of civilization concept. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Lijuan T1 - Study on Teaching Strategy of Family Unit in Junior High School Edited by the Ministry, Master thesis, Secondary Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China 2022. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] Family affection is the emotion that can’t cut off in one’s whole life. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has always attached great importance to family ties. Family education is never out of date. The Times call for students with both moral integrity and ability. In recent years, the rapid development of China’s economy has also brought a series of problems, the weak concept of family affection and the lack of family education has aroused people’s high attention. This paper takes the family affection unit of the unified compilation of junior high school Chinese textbooks that has been put into use nationwide as the research object, and discusses the family affection unit from five aspects, including the following contents. First of all, the paper reveals the basis and necessity of family affection education in junior high school chinese. Theories include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Erikson’s theory of stages of personality development and Fromm’s art of loving. Then from the three aspects of moral cultivation, socialist cultural construction and carrying forward the traditional virtues of filial piety and respect for the elderly, the necessity of this research is expounded.– Secondly, it sorts out the compilation of the unified version of junior high school Chinese family unit, and analyzes it from four dimensions: text selection system, reading aid system, practice system and knowledge system. Also it excavates the hidden teaching resources in the books.– Thirdly, it investigates the current situation of the unified junior high school Chinese family unit teaching, and on the basis of analyzing the data, it finds that there are problems such as insufficient in-depth text interpretation, old-fashioned and single reading way, insufficient emotional input, and lack of guidance in extended reading.– The fourth part discusses the implementation strategy of unified junior middle school Chinese family unit teaching. This chapter is also the core of this paper. Multiple teaching strategies can be adopted in the specific teaching practice of family unit. Such as the use of knowledge, rich knowledge reserves; In-depth reading of the text, mining the emotional value; Organize reading training to arouse emotional resonance; strengthen situational teaching to stimulate learning interest; carry out dialogue between teachers and students to generate feelings of affection; Linkage inside and outside the classroom, expand learning resources and so on.– Lastly, based on junior high school Chinese family unit teaching strategy to display two teaching designs >Golden Flower< and >Lotus Leaf-Mother<. [English: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Linrui T1 - Research on >The Cement Garden< after Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - Ian Mc Ewan is one of the most influential novelists in the contemporary British literary world. He has won he Booker Prize, the Maugham Prize for Literature and so on. Mc Ewan’s >The Cement Garden< was published in 1978, which is one of his outstanding and representative works in his early career. On the basis of Fromm’s theory of human nature the thesis aims to analyze the growth environment of the children in >The Cement Garden< and its influence on the construction of the children’s personality in three aspects: the needs satisfaction, the love interactions and the formation of social personalities. Through the analysis of the children’s growth in the three aspects the thesis interprets the inevitability the tragedy of the children and we can deeply understand Mc Ewan’s reflection on human nature and his pursuit and exploration of the sound human nature. The thesis is divided into four chapters besides introduction and conclusion. The introduction part briefly introduces Mc Ewan’s life, creation and his important work >The Cement Garden<. On this basis it reviews the research status of the novel both at home and abroad, thus clarifying the innovation of the thesis and explaining the purpose, significance and structure of the thesis. The first chapter is the theoretical basis, which briefly reviews the origin and development of Fromm’s theory of human nature. It discusses in detail the people’s needs, the emotion interactions and the formation of social personalities in the theory of human nature.– The second chapter analyzes the unsatisfying needs of the children in the construction of human nature. The insufficient association, the deficiency of root-seeking requirements and the unfulfilling sense of identity make the children cannot satisfy their critical needs in the growth process. Mc Ewan also shows that only by establishing contact and communication, paying attention to spiritual needs and improving sense of identity can the children improve their sound human nature in a positive and active life.– The third chapter discusses the lack of love interactions in the construction of human nature. Because of the mother’s unconditional love, the father’s conditional love, the unequal emotion interactions of the siblings and the abnormal and selfish self-love the family members lack the ability of caring for others and the ability of efficient interactions. At the same time the children also show the efforts to build the sound human nature in their limited brotherhood and pursuit of beauty and emotion.– The fourth chapter discusses the formation of the social personalities of the children in the construction of human nature. With the non-productive personality and the negative behavioral representations the children cannot interact effectively with the outside world and they drift away from the society. At the same time, Mc Ewan also shows that only in the satisfaction of human instinct and the healthy family relationships can the children form the positive social personality.– The conclusion part of the thesis points out that >The Cement Garden< reveals the necessity of a healthy growth environment for the construction of the sound human nature of the children. The exploration of children’s growth environment from the perspective of human nature theory not only shows the author’s concern for the human nature problem in the children’s growth, but also provides new ideas on how to construct the sound human nature in modern society. On the basis of Fromm’s theory of human nature the thesis analyzes the construction of human nature of the children in >The Cement Garden< in three aspects: the needs satisfaction, the love interactions and the formation of social personalities. Fromm’s theory of human nature shows that the satisfaction of needs, the comfort of emotions and the positive social personality are the indispensable factors for the construction of the sound human nature. In the novel the children grow up without these factors and result in the final tragic ending. However, >The Cement Garden< is not a worthless work describing the morbid survival state. Mc Ewen shows that the sound human nature plays an important role in the growth of children. Therefore, the novel is of profound social significance in arousing the concern and reflection of contemporary people on the construction of the sound human nature and healthy society. The analysis of >The Cement Garden< through the use of Fromm’s theory of human nature can provide a new perspective for the study of McEwen’s works. [English: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Lu T1 - A Study of Alienation in >The Sympathizer<, Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - Viet Thanh Nguyen is an outstanding contemporary American writer of Vietnamese descent. His debut work, >The Sympathizer<, has received widespread attention from the literary world since it was published and has won many literary awards. >The Sympathizer< tells the protagonist’s story serving as a double-face spy in North Vietnam and South Vietnam after the Vietnam War. He is torn not only between his covert mission and his cover identity but also between his homeland and the United States, and between his French and Vietnamese ancestries. He splits between these two worlds. Being tortured by multiple identities, coupled with a tense individual environment, his inner world is full of anxiety, and eventually alienated. In addition to this, characters in >The Sympathizer< are all alienated to some degree. Erich Fromm is a famous American psychoanalyst and an important representative of the Frankfurt School of Western Marxism. This thesis tends to apply his views on alienation to the discussion of the characters’ self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society in >The Sympathizer<, and probe into the causes of the alienation. The thesis includes an introduction, five main chapters, and a conclusion. The introductory section briefly introduces Viet Thanh Nguyen’s life experience and the main content of >The Sympathizer<, literature review, and the thesis statement.– Chapter 1 briefly describes the origins and development of the alienation theory and focuses on Fromm’s viewpoints on alienation. This chapter points that the alienation is chiefly embodied in human alienation which includes people’s self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society.– Chapter 2 analyzes the self-alienation in >The Sympathizer<. The characters’ self-alienation can be presented through changes in their identity, behavior, and psychology.– Chapter Three analyzes the alienation in interpersonal relations in >The Sympathizer< mainly from the two aspects of family relationship and gender relationship. In the alienation of family relations, the absence of the father and the contempt of relatives are discussed. In the alienation of the relationship between the sexes, the imbalance between the status of lovers’ sexual pleasure instead of love is analyzed, which indicates that there is neither love nor trust or responsibility among people, but merely hostility and indifference.– Chapter 4 analyzes the alienation from society. The scope of all human activities must be governed and manipulated by relevant rules and regulations. It is mainly reflected in the fact that people become tools in social activities. At the same time, people follow the principle of benefit-oriented behavior in actions.– Chapter 5 analyzes the factors leading to human alienation from two aspects: external factors and internal factors. The former includes wars between nations, splits within countries, and different cultural values between the white and nonwhite; the latter involves moral degradation and the strong power of Hollywood discourse.– The conclusion indicates that alienation is widespread in the society and it is a common problem or challenge faced by all human beings. The thesis applies Fromm’s alienation theory to conduct a comprehensive analysis of >The Sympathizer<, aiming to expose the alienation phenomenon in society truly and profoundly, which helps people seek the right direction on the road of self-seeking and has specific practical significance. [www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Shan T1 - A Study of Women's Pursuit of Freedom under Fromm's Theory of Freedom – Taking Peter Handke's >Wunschloses Unglück< and >Die linkshändige Frau< as an Example [弗洛姆自由理论下女性追求自由之研究 ——以彼得·汉德克的《无欲的悲歌》和《左撇子女人》为例], Master thesis, World Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 彼得·汉德克(1942.12.06—)是奥地利著名作家、剧作家、电影编剧和导演。2019年汉德克获得了诺贝尔文学奖。20世纪70年代汉德克发表了两部以女性为主人公的作品——《无欲的悲歌》(1972)和《左撇子女人》(1976)。在这两部作品中,汉德克笔触细腻地书写了两个女主人公——母亲和玛丽安娜对自由的追求,揭示了男权社会对女性长久的压迫以及女性在弱势境况下的抗争,作品一经发表就引起了社会的高度关注。汉德克笔下的两位女主人公对自由的追求是贯穿两部作品的线索。国内外大多数学者对两部作品的研究都集中女性主义、互文性、叙事手法等角度,尚未有学者从女性追求自由的角度对两部作品进行阐释。因此,本文旨在以弗洛姆自由理论解读母亲和玛丽安娜的追求自由之路并深入剖析两个女主人公追求自由不同结局的原因,进而阐明汉德克的女性自由观。个体为获得自由而摆脱了既为其提供庇护又束缚其发展的>始发纽带<后,陷入了无能为力的孤立状态。面对巨大的无助和孤独,个体有两种选择:一种是逃避自由带来的负担,以牺牲自我为代价逃向>继发纽带<,重新建立依赖与臣服关系;另一种则是继续前进,积极发挥自发性,努力实现以个体的独一无二及个性为基础的积极自由。母亲被原生家庭保护的同时,也被其束缚,因此她选择逃离原生家庭。然而面对着失去原生家庭这一>始发纽带<后的巨大的孤独和无助,母亲以牺牲自我为代价,试图通过臣服于男权、盲从于他人在>继发纽带<中获得安全和稳定。然而>继发纽带<只是禁锢个体的又一个枷锁,母亲最终心灰意冷,选择逃避现实,而这更加剧了母亲的孤独和无助。最终,在现实和理想之间的困境中徘徊的母亲没能获得自由,而是走向了灭亡。玛丽安娜在获得看似幸福,实则枯燥乏味的婚姻庇护的同时,也被其压抑了个性,束缚了发展。因此玛丽安娜选择逃离婚姻这一>始发纽带<。但与母亲的选择相反,玛丽安娜在面对逃离婚姻后的孤独和无助时,并未逃向>继发纽带<,而是选择正视孤独,坚持自我,勇敢反抗男权,在积极同世界相连中探寻生命的意义。最终,玛丽安娜获得了积极自由。母亲和玛丽安娜追求自由结局不同,究其原因可从主客观两个层面进行分析。在保守压抑的环境中长大的母亲习惯性依赖他人,害怕孤独且抗拒独处,并在不平等的感情关系中愈发失去爱人与爱己的能力,这些都一定程度上对母亲追求自由产生消极影响。而玛丽安娜则在较为开明宽松的家庭氛围中长大,在追求自由过程中不仅始终坚持自我,正视孤独,在独处中通过内省反思自我,而且能够有尊严地爱人和爱己,保持对生活的热忱,在爱中积极与世界相连。此外,玛丽安娜所处时代正值女权运动兴起,女性意识觉醒,这为玛丽安娜追求自由创造了有利客观条件。对比母亲和玛丽安娜对自由之追求可窥汉德克的女性自由观。汉德克认为女性只有在良好的客观生存环境和自身主观努力缺一不可的情况下方能获得积极自由。在他看来,独处是女性通往自由的必经之路,在独处中女性方能通过自省找到与世界相处的模式;对生活、自我及他人之爱是女性追求自由的动力源泉;良好的日常生活环境则为女性获得自由创造了必要条件。 N2 - Peter Handke (1942.12.06-) is a famous Austrian author, playwright, film screenwriter and director. In 2019 Handke was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In the 1970s Handke published two works featuring female protagonists – >Wunschloses Unglück< (1972) [>A Sorrow Beyond Dreams: A Life Story<] and >Die linkshändige Frau< (1976) [>The Left-Handed Woman<]. In these two works, Handke wrote delicately about the pursuit of freedom by the two female protagonists, Mother and Marianne, and revealed the long-standing oppression of women by the patriarchal society as well as the struggle of women in disadvantaged situations, which aroused a great deal of attention from the society upon the publication of the works. The pursuit of freedom by the two heroines in Handke's work is the thread running through the two works. Most scholars at home and abroad have focused on feminism, intertextuality and narrative techniques, but no scholars have interpreted the two works from the perspective of women's pursuit of freedom. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use Fromm's theory of freedom to interpret the pursuit of freedom of the mother and Marianne, and to analyze the reasons for the different endings of the two heroines' pursuit of freedom, so as to elucidate Handke's view of women's freedom.– In order to be free, an individual is trapped in a helpless and isolated state after getting rid of the >initiating bond< that both shelters and restrains her development. Faced with great helplessness and loneliness, the individual has two choices: one is to escape from the burden of freedom, fleeing to the >secondary ties< at the expense of the self and re-establishing a relationship of dependence and submission; the other is to move on, actively exercising spontaneity and striving to realize positive freedom based on the uniqueness and individuality of the individual. The mother was protected by her family of origin but at the same time bound by it, so she chose to run away from her family of origin. However, faced with great loneliness and helplessness after losing the >initial bond< of the family of origin, the mother tries to obtain security and stability in the >secondary bond< by submitting to the male authority and blindly obeying others at the expense of herself. However, the >secondary bond< is just another shackle that imprisons the individual, and the mother eventually becomes disillusioned and chooses to escape from reality, which exacerbates the mother's loneliness and helplessness. In the end, the mother, who is torn between the reality and the ideal, does not gain freedom, but goes to her demise. While Marianne is sheltered by the seemingly happy but actually boring marriage, she is also suppressed by it and restricted in her development. Therefore, Marianne chooses to run away from the >initiating bond< of marriage. However, contrary to her mother's choice, Marianna does not run away to the >secondary bond< when she faces the loneliness and helpless¬ness after running away from her marriage. Instead, she chooses to face the loneliness squarely, insist on her own self, bravely resist the patriarchal power, and explore the meaning of life in actively connecting with the world. In the end, Marianne obtains positive freedom.– The reasons for the different endings of mother and Marianne's pursuit of freedom can be analyzed from both subjective and objective levels. Growing up in a conservative and repressive environment, the mother is habitually dependent on others, afraid of lone¬liness and resistant to being alone, and loses her ability to love people and herself in unequal relationships, all of which have a certain degree of negative impact on her pursuit of freedom. Marianne, on the other hand, grew up in a more open and relaxed family atmosphere, and in her pursuit of freedom, she not only insists on herself, faces loneliness, and reflects on herself through introspection in solitude, but also is able to love people with dignity, maintains enthusiasm for life, and actively connects with the world in love. In addition, Marianne lived in the era of the rise of feminist movement and the awakening of women's consciousness, which created favorable conditions for Marianne's pursuit of freedom. Comparing the pursuit of freedom between her mother and Marianne, we can see Handke's view of women's freedom. Handke believes that women can only obtain positive freedom if they have a good objective living environment and their own subjective efforts. In his view, solitude is a necessary path to freedom, in which women can find a mode of living with the world through introspection; love of life, self and others is the source of motivation for women's pursuit of freedom; and a good daily life environment creates the necessary conditions for women's freedom. [Translation: www.DeepL./Translator, free version, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Tian T1 - Research on Fromm’s Humanistic Thought, Master thesis, Philosophy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China 2022. N2 - Nowadays, the society is in the rapid development stage of scientific and technological innovation. However, to some extent, the traditional extensive concept of development has led to increasingly tense conflicts, resulting in increasingly serious conflicts between man and nature, man and man, man and society, and man and himself, seriously affecting the sound development of human society. In China, people-oriented is the starting point and the driving force of social development. >People-centered< is an important principle for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this regard, the importance of human beings is self-evident. In the field of foreign humanistic thought, Fromm is one of the most representative scholars. This thesis examines Fromm’s anthropological thought from three aspects: the formation, logical composition, and evaluation of his anthropological thought. The formation of Fromm’s humanistic thought is inseparable from three aspects: personal experience, social background, and its theoretical origin. In the logical composition of Fromm’s humanistic thought, human nature is the core element of Fromm’s humanistic thought. He carried out research and analysis on human nature from four aspects. First, the dualistic definition of human nature. Specifically discussed from the following angles: one was based on the original living conditions, insurmountable survival ambiguities and non-inevitable history to explain the contradiction of human nature; the other was to analyze the relationship between human nature and human nature and the relationship between human nature and survival needs to interpret human consciousness. Secondly, Fromm regarded the concept of social character as the intermediary link between individuals and society. Thirdly, Fromm analyzed the concept of alienation from the perspective of psychology and sociology, and exposed the alienation of people in modern Western society in the unconscious level and the reality level through criticizing the alienation of capitalism. Finally, Fromm put forward a set of strategies for solving alienation problems based on psychological revolution and social revolution, which provides a relatively complete solution strategy for the problem of social change. Specifically, it takes >moral renewal< as a prerequisite, and at the same time takes into account the reform work in the political, economic and cultural fields, so as to create a better environment for the all-round development of individuals. Fromm’s anthropological thought has the characteristics of value presupposition and utopia. From the standpoint of Marxism, although Fromm’s humanistic thought has certain limitations, the humanistic criticism of his humanistic thought on society has promoted the happiness and development of human beings, which has certain practical significance. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Day, Adam M. B. T1 - Construing Natural Restorative Environments in Individuals Treated for Cancer, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2013, 149+10 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2883&context=etd] N2 - Restorative environments (RE) are increasingly being explored for their potential to foster psychophysiologic restoration and promote health and well-being. However, there is a paucity of research that focuses on oncology populations. The purpose of this study was to explore whether individuals treated for cancer with chemotherapy construed natural restorative environments (NREs) differently than age- and gender-matched individuals never treated for cancer. Fifteen individuals treated for cancer with chemotherapy (11 females and 4 males; treatment group) and 15 age- and gender-matched individuals (comparison group) participated in interviews and completed repertory grids based on construing NREs. Constructs were elicited directly from participants based on 10 standard a priori elements of natural settings, as well as an eleventh ideal NRE that was generated by each participant based on their preferences. Additionally, participants rated elements according to a standard construct defined as overall restorative – overall not restorative. Repertory grid data were analyzed both ideographically and nomothetically. Idiographic analyses indicated that while variation existed in the way NREs were construed, there were important similarities that indicated individual data could be aggregated. Subsequent nomothetic analyses revealed few differences in how individuals in either group construed NREs. Overwhelmingly, an ideal NRE was described as wild or remote natural environment that included a vista and water. The degree of naturalness was ultimately found to be the most important factor in predicting the restorative potential of a given natural environment, followed by interpretations of structure and the presence of water. Given that no differences were found between groups relative to how NREs were construed, it was determined that the experience of cancer and chemotherapy did not meaningfully impact the way participants in this study construed NREs. Therefore, it is anticipated that research and practice in the RE field that primarily targets healthy populations could be translated to oncology contexts with little difficulty. Given that individuals experiencing ill-health and disability secondary to cancer may stand to benefit meaningfully from restorative experiences with nature, fostering connections with nature and the environment in these contexts should be a future area of focus in the RE field. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dwi Junianto, Haris T1 - Humanistic Perspective Of Andrea’s Persoanlites As Reflected In Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name<, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), English Letters, English Letters Department, Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty, State Islamic Institute of Surakarta, Java, Indonesia 2017, 73+13 pp., English. [core.ac.uk/download/296470823.pdf] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - This research is an analysis about Andrea’s personalities that is performed by the main character Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The humanistic perspective will use to reveal Andrea’s personalities. The objectives of the research are to describe Andrea’s personalities based on humanistic perspective of Erich Fromm. This research employs descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are divided into primary and secondary data. The primary data are taken from >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< by Christina Reid. The secondary data are other references that relate to the research such as humanistic perspective and other information about Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The type of the data in this research is words, phrases, clauses, and sentences which is has correlation with personalities. In this research, the researcher uses triangulation method to get the data validation. Triangulation method is taken by using some perspective theory. It means that the researcher puts several theories from different author but basically those theories have the similar content. The findings of research show Andrea’s personalities is the major of this research. The conflicts between Andrea and her grandfather show her personalities. Based on humanistic perspective, mechanism of escape, positive freedom, human existential needs and social character types, Andrea’s personalities reveals. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Elias, Paul T1 - Revolutionary Subjectivity in the Thought of Karl Marx, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Philosophy, Graduate Program, Social and Political Thought, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2019, 215+5 pp., English. [hdl.handle.net/10315/36650] N2 - This dissertation demonstrates several theses in relation to key components of Marx’s philosophy that conventional interpretations either misrepresent or overlook. The chief thesis concerns his idea of revolutionary subjectivity which is demonstrably inconsistent and undertheorized. The main areas of Marx’s work that are explored to elucidate this idea are his ontology and method, philosophical anthropology, idea of >communist society,< and theory of history. Insight into these and other aspects of his work can be derived through analysis of a tradition of social philosophy which has its origins in ancient Hellenic thought. Marx’s strongest inspiration from this period came from the philosophy of Aristotle, whose work profoundly influenced his understanding of human development and his idea of >free< life-activity and relations. A key component of this tradition is the ontological idea that >reason governs the world.< Marx sublated the form that it took in Hegel’s philosophy. Inspired by Hegel’s idea that >reason< is ‘at work’ in human history through a process of >estrangement,< Marx claimed that the capitalist mode of production is instrumental in the development of the productive forces and the >integral development< of the revolutionary working class. According to Marx the creation of revolutionary subjectivity takes place through >estrangement< and >revolutionary practice.< On his premises, such developmentally self-transformative life-activity is indispensable for the development of the capacities required for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and reorganization of social life. And yet he also claimed that the life-activity of working people in capitalist society has a tendency to ruin them physically and mentally. An accurate representation of this problem at the heart of Marx’s idea of revolutionary subjectivity – and thus of this idea itself – requires an emphasis on his sensitivity to the subjective-mental dimension of human life (his incipient psychology and theory of >mind<) and the development of individual ‘ethical’ capacities in particular. This dissertation concludes by rearticulating elements of Marx’s thought about >estrangement< and human subjectivity with Husserlian phenomenology and Freudian psychoanalysis (including some of Melanie Klein’s revisions of it) so as to establish a fruitful starting point for sublating Marx’s social philosophy. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Costa Monteiro de Souza, Thiago da T1 - The Bolsa Família Case: A Road to the Unconditional Basic Income, Master thesis, Political Science, Faculty of Human Social Sciences, Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 2021, 97+9 pp. [run.unl.pt/handle/10362/130845] N2 - The theory of the Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) has been debated for centuries (Suplicy, 2006). However, one of the major obstacles to the implementation of the UBI is lack of empirical testing. Basic Income pilots have been put into practice in recent years around the world (Standing, 2013). Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs that resemble the UBI, to a certain degree, as is the case of the Bolsa Família (BF), have also been implemented. This project is internationally considered as an example of success in combating historical poverty and inequality in Brazil. Observing what lessons may be learned from the Brazilian experience, the present work thus aims to analyze the Bolsa Família program so that contributions to current UBI studies may also be considered. To achieve this end, based on the theoretical foundations of the UBI (Van Parijs, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, Mckay, 2001, Vanderborght, 2005, 2006, Standing, 2013, Pettit, 2007, Purdy, 1988, Merrill and Neves, 2021), some central topics are addressed, namely: (i) Freedom, (ii) Labor, (iii) Politics and (iv) Feminism. In addition, existing Basic Income projects are taken into account (Widerquist, 2019; Suplicy, 2006). Subsequently, the present study focuses on the Bolsa Família experience, narrating the genesis of the program, as well as its implementation and evolution over the years, which makes it possible to look into how the Brazilian socioeconomic indexes (Campello et al, 2013; Neri, 2018) have been affected since the creation of this Income Transfer policy. The main developments of the Bolsa Família project are then analyzed from the theoretical perspective of the UBI with a focus on the aforementioned topics, that is, Freedom, Labor, Politics and Feminism. From a preliminary stance, it may be observed that the Bolsa Família was enhanced especially up until 2013, when the Brazilian trade balance was going through a thriving moment of positive economic rates. However, upon reaching a period of crisis and unemployment, there were multiple setbacks in socioeconomic achievements obtained between 2003 and 2013. Hence, this work suggests that, if there were greater investments in quality public services, alongside investments in consumerism brought about by the BF, socioeconomic fluctuations would not have affected the beneficiaries of the CCT so strongly. Nevertheless, without intending to be an end in itself, the present work aims to engage and encourage the debate on setting up a functional and improved Unconditional Basic Income project. N2 - A teoria da Renda Básica Incondicional (RBI) tem sido debatida há séculos (Suplicy, 2006). No entanto, um dos grandes obstáculos à implementação da RBI é a falta de testes empíricos de políticas dessa natureza. Pilotos da Renda Básica têm sido colocados em prática nos ultimos anos ao redor do mundo (Standing, 2013). Programas de Transferência de Renda Condicionada que se assemelham em certo grau à RBI, como é o caso do Bolsa Família (BF), também têm sido implementados. Esse projeto é considerado internacionalmente como um exemplo de sucesso no combate à pobreza e à desigualdade históricas no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o programa Bolsa Família de modo a contribuir aos estudos da RBI, observando quais lições podem ser aprendidas a partir da experiência brasileira. Para tanto, com base nos fundamentos teóricos sobre RBI (Van Parijs, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, Mckay, 2001, Vanderborght, 2005, 2006, Standing, 2013, Pettit, 2007, Purdy, 1988, Merrill e Neves, 2021), propõe-se um debate em torno dos tópicos centrais dessa literatura, quais sejam: (i) Liberdade, (ii) Labor, (iii) Política e (iv) Feminismo. Adicionalmente, os projetos de Renda Básica já existentes serão brevemente citados (Widerquist, 2019; Suplicy, 2006). A partir dessa revisão de literatura, o trabalho trata da experiência do Bolsa Família, narrando a gênese do programa, bem como sua implementação e evolução ao longo dos anos e como os índices socioeconômicos brasileiros (Campello et al, 2013; Neri, 2018) foram afetados desde a criação dessa política de Transferência de Renda. Em sequência, os desdobramentos principais do projeto Bolsa Família são analisados sob o prisma teórico da RBI com foco nos tópicos supracitados: Liberdade, Labor, Política e Feminismo. Em sede preliminar, observa-se que o Bolsa Família foi potencializado durante o momento de forte superavit econômico na balança comercial brasileira, sobretudo até 2013. No momento em que o país adentrou um período de crise e as taxas de desemprego escalam vertiginosamente, percebem-se múltiplos retrocessos nas conquistas socioeconômicas obtidas entre os anos de 2003-2013. Nessa lógica, o trabalho sugere que, caso houvesse um maior investimento em serviços públicos de qualidade, coordenado ao investimento em consumo gerado pelo BF, as oscilações socioeconômicas não teriam ocorrido. No entanto, não se propondo a ser um fim por si só, o presente trabalho visa a fomentar o debate acerca da construção de um projeto de Renda Básica Incondicional funcional e aperfeiçoado. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fresse, Dante A. T1 - Lang and Law: Analyzing Representations of Law, Justice, and Violence in the Films of Fritz Lang, Bachelor thesis, Film/Media Studies, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States 2018, 128+14 pp. [digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/473] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - This thesis analyzes the representations of Law, Justice, and Violence in the German and American films of Fritz Lang. Through an overview of legal and social unrest in Germany and courtroom drama, criminal conviction, mob violence, and police corruption in America, Lang challenges the legitimacy of Law and shows how it is subverted by outside forces. At other times, Lang shows Law working in collusion with criminal agencies or against the interests of the public. In doing this, Lang’s films present images of legal decay in the urban sphere, prompted by anxieties which come about through spatial alienation, city structure, penal institutions, and social cultures of violence. Emerging from Lang’s critique of Law is an ethical force which abides by the mechanisms of human nature, which Gunning calls the >destiny-machine.< This thesis uses Gunning’s theory of the >destiny-machine,< in conjunction with philosophical writings of Walter Benjamin to show how a critique of legal violence is shown through Lang films, as well as a correction method which presents itself through the deployment of mystical violence, taking the form of psychological instability and moral conscience in his characters. Through these forms of metaphysical violence, Lang shows images of a new future for Law, where its governing power is drawn from universal, objective moral principles of human nature, rather than the socially constructed and malleable institutions of the Law. My thesis connects these morally governing principles back to the fundamental human and religious experiences of Love. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Doležalová, Edita T1 - Pojetí člověka v kontextu humanitní psychologie [The Interpretation of a Man in the Context of Humanistic Psychology], Bachelor thesis, Pedagogy, Faculty of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic 2012, 57 pp., Czech. [dspace.tul.cz/server/api/core/bitstreams/c763b0b6-354f-4e73-8d30-20584e73aa13/content] N2 - Bakalářská práce se zabývá pojetím člověka v kontextu humanitní psychologie. Toto psychologické zaměření je v práci porovnáno s psychologií behavioristickou a jeho hlavní znaky jsou představeny a položeny do kontrastu s některými ostatními psychologickými směry. V první části díla jsou popsané některé myšlenkové směry předvědeckého období psychologie. N2 - This bachelor's thesis deals with the interpretation of a man in the context of humanistic psychology. This psychological field has been compared with the psychology of behaviorism and its main characteristics were introduced and put into the contrast with some other psychologically focused thoughts. There are some specifically chosen ways of thinking described in the first part of the thesis that were typical for pre-scientific period of psychology. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glavočić, Tia T1 - Etika i ljudska priroda: Od nepromjenjive ljudske prirode do biomedicinskog poboljšanja čovjeka [Ethics and Human Nature: From Immutable Human Nature to Biomedical Improvement of Man], Diploma thesis, Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2016., 124 pp., Croatian. [darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/11234/1/Tia%20Glavocic_Etika%20i%20ljudska%20priroda.pdf] N2 - [From introduction] Pitanje postojanja i naravi ljudske prirode zaokupljalo je filozofe od samog rođenja filozofskog mišljenja. Ljudska se priroda u povijesnom razvoju pojma često sagledavala pod vidom dualizma, primjerice, u orfičkom učenju, kod Platona, u skolastici i kod Descartesa. Pred-darvinovski koncepti vidjeli su ljudsku prirodu kao konstantnu: ljude od drugih bića razlikuje posjedovanje duše, kojoj se daje moralna vrijednost. Darwin iznosi evolucijsko viđenje koje naglasak stavlja na biologiju, za razliku od biheviorističkog viđenja, koje primat daje okolišu i kulturi. Marx pak odbacuje ideju zadane ljudske prirode, te iznosi tezu o socijalnom samoproizvođenju čovjeka. Kritiku ideje ljudske prirode iznose poststrukturalisti i postmodernisti (Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard), te teoretičari poput Hughesa i Buchanana. Obrana ideje ljudske prirode u modernom tehnoznanstvenom vremenu posebno je važna biokonzervativcima poput Fukuyame i Habermasa, koji će je istaknuti kao ključnu za očuvanje demokracije i čovjeka kao moralnog bića. (Selak, 2013) Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Froozan II, John Kenneth T1 - Liminal Beings Are We, Master thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Arts, Political Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States 2022, 116+16 pp., English. [scholarworks.utrgv.edu/etd/1138] N2 - This thesis establishes a foundation for liminality in political theory. Liminality, a concept mostly developed in anthropology, is used by them to describe middle periods in rites of passage. Unlike the anthropologists, I argue that liminality should be theorized phenomenologically. Utilizing the history of political philosophy, liminality is defined as a dialectical phenomenon that acts between and beyond the limits of things, Self, and Other. I describe liminality as an ontological-epistemological or existential condition that acts as a connecting tissue to both define what is and the space between entities. This requires that notions of power, politics, and their ends be re-evaluated. What liminality offers is new opportunities for theorizing politics by shifting attention away from individuals and toward the nature and quality of the relationships – the connections – between them. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Halperin, Robert T1 - Is Another World Possible?: Herbert Marcuse and Possibilities for >Real< Change, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Theory and Criticism, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2021, 102+5 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10679&context=etd] N2 - It has been difficult to effect concrete changes in our society that might adequately approach confronting the intersecting crises of capitalism, inequality, and ecology that we face in our era. Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory, and his notion of quantitative development leading to qualitative change, in combination with Hannah Arendt’s theories of action, natality, and the will, provide us with an appropriate lens through which to view these crises and diagnose the problems at hand. Additionally, Thomas Kuhn’s concepts of paradigms and ‘normal science,’ as well as Richard Rorty’s distinction between movements and campaigns provide us with more concrete ideas of what ‘quantitative development’ means. Paul Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor and metaphoricity can provide us with an understanding of what a guiding principle, such as inspiration or hope, can help us to achieve in attempting to effect concrete change. We must aim to make real the phrase ‘another world is possible. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hanáková, Aneta T1 - Frommovo pojetí člověka a výchovy [Fromm's Conception of Man and Education], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy of Humanities, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Humanities and Pedagogy, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic 2012, 50+7 pp., Czech. [dspace.tul.cz/server/api/core/bitstreams/033f1c5a-8ce7-4759-b8aa-8d4219f251f4/content] N2 - Bakalářská práce vymezuje termín člověk v jeho kontextu se společností, která určuje jeho charakter. Společenský charakter je typický pojem Ericha Fromma, který je dále rozpracováván skrze další témata a vlivy. V práci je zpracováno téma pojetí člověka v moderní společnosti. Následně jsou východiska směřována k principům výchovy. První část práce pojímá o Erichu Frommovi a jeho životě, vlivech, inspiracích, teoriích apod. Dále se zde vymezují důležité pojmy a témata vztahující se k podstatě bakalářské práce. V druhé části se představuje Frommova psychosociální teorie a dále je logicky rozpracovávána do dalších podkapitol. Třetí část se zabývá kontextem člověka a výchovy, konkrétně rolí přirozenosti ve výchově a následně se završuje do koncepce nového pojetí člověka a Frommova řešení krize člověka. Poslední, čtvrtá část rozebírá téma svobody a s ní související hlavní témata – strach ze svobody, faktory ve společenském procesu, autorita. N2 - This Bachelor thesis defines the term person in the context of the society that determines its character. The social character is the typical notion of Erich Fromm, who is further elaborated by other issues and influences. The paper describes the concept of a man in a modern society. Afterwards, the resources are directed to the principles of education. The first part of the work of Erich Fromm talks about his beginnings and his life, the influences, inspirations, theories, etc. It goes on to define the important terms and topics related to the essence of the thesis. The second part presents Fromm's psychosocial theory and it is further logically elaborated to another sections. The third part deals with the human context and education, specifically the role of human nature in education and then it completes the design of the new concept of a man and Fromm's human crisis. The fourth and last part discusses the topic of freedom associated with the main points – the fear of freedom, factors in social process, authority. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gao, Wuqiong T1 - A Study on the Thought of Consumption Alienation of Erich Fromm – Based on Marxist Theory Perspective, Doctoral dissertation, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm(1900-1980)was a German-American Jew, a humanistic philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist, and a member of the Frankfurt School. Later, he moved from Germany to the United States and still kept in touch with the school. Fromm’s theoretical construction all his life is based on his concern for the spiritual situation of westerners after World War II. His ideological theory was deeply influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis, which also showed the humanistic color of his theory. From the perspective of humanism, Fromm investigated the changes and development of capitalist economy, politics, culture, social psychology and social character structure in different historical periods, and pointed out that the capitalist society in the 20th century was in a state of total alienation. The analysis of the change of personality in capitalist society is the starting point of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought. He pointed out that capitalist society has shaped people’s personality into a feature of >willing to be controlled< to meet the needs of unlimited economic growth, which has created a prerequisite for capitalism to manipulate consumption and people’s consumption psychology. The formation of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought is deeply influenced by Marx’s labor alienation theory and Marcuse’s consumption alienation thought. Under the influence of Marxist theory, Fromm strongly criticized consumption as a tool of class rule in capitalist society, and then criticized that capitalist society made people become completely alienated people, and described the realistic state of human alienation. Fromm’s thought of consumption alienation has realized the combination with Marxism to a great extent. The Freudian psychological method he used in analyzing the alienation of people in capitalist society supplemented the study of Marxist alienation theory to a certain extent and broadened the horizon of Marxist study of historical materialism. In the aspect of criticizing capitalist consumption alienation, Fromm first analyzes the causes of consumption alienation, and further points out the concrete manifestations of consumption alienation in capitalist society, that is, money becomes an abstract form of labor, the way of obtaining and using is separated, and consumption itself becomes an end, etc. On this basis, he demonstrates in detail that consumption alienation deprives people of creativity, makes people lose their real needs, and finally leads to the alienation of the relationship between people and themselves. On the basis of criticizing the consumption alienation in capitalist society, Fromm proposed that the capitalist system is the root of consumption alienation, consumption alienation is fundamentally manifested as human alienation, and humanistic socialism is the concrete way to eliminate consumption alienation. The research on capitalist consumption alienation in western society is rich, but Fromm’s consumption alienation thought has its distinctive characteristics. On the whole, when Fromm criticized the alienation of capitalist consumption, he paid more attention to the change of social structure, the change of people’s living conditions and the realization of people’s free and all-round development from the perspective of Marxism, which also showed the Marxist theoretical characteristics in his ideological construction. Fromm’s consumption alienation thought has certain theoretical and practical significance. Generally speaking, it enriches and develops Marx’s alienation theory, lays the psychological theoretical foundation of consumption alienation theory, explores the social system root of consumption alienation, and constructs the socialist consumption ethics, which can provide new ideas for people to deal with consumption alienation and realize human freedom and liberation in modern society. At the same time, he also demonstrated the necessity and possibility of eliminating consumption alienation in the future socialism to realize people’s free and all-round development, and described the prospect of humanistic socialist society in detail. However, he regards psychological reconstruction as the basis of social change, which exposes the compromise of his ideological theory to the capitalist system, so his conception of future socialism is inevitably Utopian. At present, the research and reflection on Fromm’s consumption alienation thought can provide ideas for China to eliminate consumption alienation in the field of consumption. At present, the study of consumption alienation should be carried out under the Marxist theory of >all-round development of man<, the natural view of >harmonious unity between man and nature< and the theoretical view of >need<. Consumption alienation is not unique to capitalist society, but also exists in socialist countries. There are irrational consumption patterns in China’s consumption field, such as extravagant consumption, advanced consumption and blind consumption.In this regard, the article puts forward that deepening the system reform in the fields of economy, politics and education should be an effective way to curb consumption alienation, and build a >green consumption society< in China to replace the >western consumption society< by reshaping the consumption concept of environmental friendliness and sustainable development. In a word, the following basic conclusions can be drawn from the study of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought: (1) Fromm put forward the construction of humanistic socialism based on public ownership, which constitutes the logical framework of his consumption alienation thought; (2)If the society is dominated by irrational consumption patterns, it will inevitably destroy the ecological environment and mean the opposition between man and nature. Therefore, China should pay attention to the alienation phenomenon in the field of consumption and correctly handle the relationship between production and consumption. It is necessary to form a social atmosphere of rational consumption in society through innovative development concepts; (3) Fromm regards human’s freedom and liberation as the ultimate goal, which contains his strong expectation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature; (4)Fromm’s consumption alienation thought expands the contemporary vision of Marx’s alienation theory research. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - García Argueta, Ana Flor A1 - et al., T1 - El tratamiento informative que le dio La Prensa Gráfica al tema de homicidios en las páginas noticiosas durante Noviembre de 2009 a Febrero de 2010, Thesis, Journalism, Journalism Department, Faculty of Sciences and Humanities, University of El Salvador, El Salvador 2010, 131+7 pp., Spanish. [repositorio.ues.edu.sv/server/api/core/bitstreams/bb406101-b9a4-44b5-9e28-b58466c55320/content] N2 - [Introduction] En el Salvador el tema de la violencia, específicamente los homicidios se han posicionado en los diferentes medios de comunicación y especialmente en las páginas noticiosas de La Prensa Gráfica, quienes le dan cobertura de principio a fin a estos sucesos. Es por ello que la presente indagación se centró, en el tratamiento periodístico que le dio La Prensa Gráfica al tema de homicidios, durante un periodo determinado. Además explica las características y evolución que presentó el fenómeno en el país. En la presente investigación de carácter cualitativo, se obtuvieron resultados que explicaron cómo fue tratado el fenómeno por este medio y sus comunicadores, pero eso no es todo, resulta más interesante conocer sobre el grado de manipulación existente en la notas que publica. En su primer capítulo, el documento explica cuál es el objeto de la investigación, brinda las pautas necesarias para comprender el fenómeno del tratamiento periodístico de la problemática (homicidios), también encontramos los objetivos, limitaciones y alcances del estudio. En este apartado se podrán encontrar también generalidades como el tipo de investigación y su delimitación espacio– temporal. En el capítulo II, se explican las consideraciones teórico conceptuales, se encuentran definidos aquellos estudios que por su importancia y grado de similitud podrían ser tomados en cuenta como antecedentes de esta investigación; de igual forma, la perspectiva desde la cual se abordó. También contiene el sistema de conceptos necesario para el análisis e interpretación de algunos aspectos del trabajo. En el capítulo III se encuentra la metodología, explica puntualmente el proceder que se siguió en este estudio: La teoría, las técnicas de obtención de datos y los procedimientos de análisis, entre otras cosas. Finalmente, en el cuarto capitulo está la exposición de resultados; esta es la parte más importante, ya que expone la evidencia recabada en la indagación, cumpliendo así los objetivos trazados. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giannini, Robert E. T1 - Mysticism and social ethics: Thomas Merton seen in the light of Paul Tillich's theology, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements], Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1976, 650 pp., English. [hdl.handle.net/10023/13950] N2 - Thomas Merton (1915-1968), the American Cistercian, wrote numerous books and essays on spirituality, including both Christian and Eastern forms of mysticism, and such social concerns as racial injustice, the war in Vietnam, and the depersonalizing tendencies within a technical society. From his position of contemplative withdrawal he spoke a prophetic word to the world in which he lived, recognizing that his monastic, and eventually his eremitic life, was not so much a withdrawal from the world as it was his own place in the world. He provides, therefore, a living example of the close interrelationship between contemplation and action. Morton understood withdrawal to be movement away from the superficial and false attitudes one has of the world and of one's own self, Withdrawal is, for him, a movement away from the sharp distinction between subject and object, and a movement toward the understanding that God is the ground of all being and that all contingent beings, rooted in Him, are united. Withdrawal is the necessary prelude to effective social action, since withdrawal opens one to the truth of man's solidarity in God, who is ultimate Reality, and therefore provides the true basis for moral action. For Morton, moral theology is dependent upon ascetical theology. The closer one is to God, the closer one is to all of God's creation. Paul Tillich, too, saw the necessity for withdrawal, for an immediate apprehension of God, and for social action. Hence, it is not surprising that Tillich and Merton have numerous points of affinity. In fact, Tillich's theology can be interpreted as a theoretical statement of Merton's experience. Tillich's use of ontological language, especially his distinction between essence and existence, provides a methodical approach to the theology behind Merton's mysticism and social ethic. The purpose for withdrawal is to allow essence to become known under the conditions of existence, and one essence is know – how ever fragmentarily - it enriches existence for all, not only for the one who has experienced essentialization. Hence, even the mysticism of a hermit has an indirect effect on the entire world, and, in the case of Merton himself, a direct and explicit effect. Tillich, therefore, helps to explain Merton, and Merton's life-long attempt to balance the poles of individuality and participation provides an experiential example of Tillich's system. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leiva Zúniga, Marlin Iveth T1 - Perfil caracterológico de mujeres que ejercen la prostitución entre los 18 a 40 años de edad cronológica en Los Centros Nocturnos De La Zona Urbana De Santa Ana, Bachelor thesis, Psychology, Department of Social Sciences, Philosophy and Letters, Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador 2008, 161+13 pp., Spanish [/oldri.ues.edu.sv/id/eprint/13350/] N2 - [Introduction] La prostitución constituye una estructura social que existe objetivamente para la sociedad. Se podría decir que la prostitución es el acto de compraventa del acto sexual de la mujer por parte de los hombres, sin embargo, el carácter economicista de esta definición deja una serie de lagunas sobre el por qué la mujer se prostituye, ya que esto es considerado una conducta inadecuada y porque en definitiva estamos no frente a un hecho económico sino frente a un hecho psico-social muy bien estructurado con causas y efectos funcionales. Esta definición no es exacta desde el punto de vista psicológico, no sólo porque se circunscribe al aspecto económico de la cuestión, sino debido a que se queda en la manifestación Fenoménica de la prostitución y no tiene en cuenta otros factores que no pueden menospreciarse como, por ejemplo, los morales, psicológicos y los culturales. Aunque tampoco ninguno de éstos por sí solo nos lleva a una definición favorable de la prostitución, no es sólo una pérdida de valores de una mujer que llega a asumir una moral inadecuada, es decir, contraria a la establecida como deseada por la sociedad. Sino una serie de situaciones y disposiciones tanto psicológicas económicos y sociales. Por ello a través de este trabajo y sus apartados se pretende crear un perfil general de carácter y rasgos de personalidad de ellas. Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Levin, Hanna T1 - Globaliserade Främlingen. En studie om utlandssvenskar i Portugal, Master's thesis, Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden 2018, 52+9 pp., Swedish. [lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8957198] N2 - I dagens globaliserade samhälle väljer allt fler svenskar att bosätta sig utomlands och leva i en annan kultur än sin ursprungskultur. Det behövs därför mer forskning och kunskap kring utlandssvenskens upplevelser. Denna studie fokuserar på svenskar bosatta i Portugal för att undersöka den globaliserade främlingen. Syftet med denna studie är att på en mikronivå analysera individens egen upplevelse av att vara en utlandssvensk ur ett nationellt, lokalt och globalt perspektiv. Studiens teoretiska och begreppsliga ramverk tar stöd i social psykologin med inriktning på interaktion och individens identitetsskapande samt även kosmopolitism. Genom en hermeneutisk metodansats har dialogiska intervjuer genomförts med åtta utlandssvenskar i Portugal. Den globaliserade främlingen startade som en förförståelse och har sedan använts som orentieringsmedel under studiens gång för att se om det i analysen kan användas som begrepp. I analysen presenteras utlandssvenskarna i Portugal som globaliserade främlingar som känner tillhörighet till en global gemenskap men som enbart representerar sig själva och sitt eget välmående och identitetsutvecklande. Y1 - 2018 ER -