TY - GEN A1 - Cen, Yanmei T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Alienation of Human Nature and Its Practical Enlightenment [弗洛姆人性异化理论及其现实启示], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China 2017. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)是美籍德裔杰出的人本主义精神分析学家、社会学家和哲学家,是西方马克思主义流派中的典型的弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,还是法兰克福学派中的骨干之一等。他一生致力于探索人在社会中的生存规律,人性异化理论即是他的核心理论。近年来,随着我国科技的进步和经济的发展,人们沉浸在快节奏的生活中,虽然生活物质丰裕却缺乏对生活意义的思考,甚至对自身的本质和重要性也缺乏准确的认知。为了给人们更好地思考人的问题提供理论依据和启示,促进人们对生活意义以及自身价值的反思,本文以弗洛姆人性异化理论为逻辑起点,展开探讨该理论的理论渊源和理论内容,重点探析该理论合理性和意义、理论困境及其对现实的启示。首先,探析弗洛姆人性异化理论产生的渊源。弗洛姆以人的生存状态作为理论研究的切入点,一方面是源于其独特的家庭环境和动荡不安的时代背景的影响,另一方面是受到犹太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以及马克思关于劳动异化的理论的启示。其次,爬梳弗洛姆庞杂的人性异化理论框架。弗洛姆认为人是在历史中生成的、具有自我意识的、现实中的社会存在物,人性就是人生存所固有的矛盾。异化自古就有、无处不在,覆盖了生产领域、消费领域、人际关系领域以及无意识领域等,要实现健全的人格和社会就必须进行全面的改革,包括政治、经济、文化等方面。然后,评析弗洛姆人性异化理论的合理性和意义、理论困境。弗洛姆探索人性异化理论所采用的科学的方法论——理论联系实际和总体性原则——使其理论具有较强的时代性和现实性,有助于我们正确认识我国当前的异化现象。但同时,由于历史的局限性,弗洛姆本人对马克思思想的解读存在片面性。他将马克思主义哲学看成纯粹的理论抗议,不仅认为马克思的异化论具有总体性,还将异化当成马克思主义哲学的中心概念。此外,弗洛姆因为否定够暴力革命、放弃无产阶级专政、忽视生产资料公有制而使其救赎方案具有空想性。最后,挖掘弗洛姆人性异化理论的现实启示。一方面,弗洛姆的人性异化理论启示我们务必要坚守社会主义的性质,亦即坚持无产阶级专政和公有制的主体地位。另一方面要坚持构建社会主义和谐社会,亦即加强社会信仰体系构建,防止人性异化;深化以人为本的科学发展观,走可持续发展道路。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980), a German American and outstanding humanistic psychoanalyst, sociologist and philosopher, was not only a typical Freudian Marxist in School of Western Marxism, but also one of the representatives of the Frankfurt school. He devoted his whole life to the exploration of man in society. The theory of alienation of human nature was his core theory. In recent years, with the progress of Chinese science and technology and the development of economy, people immerse themselves in the fast-paced life. In order to provide a theoretical basis and inspiration to people to think better about human, promote people to reflect on the meaning of life and their own value, Fromm’s theory of human alienation will be analyzed in this thesis. Taking the theory as logical starting point, the theoretical origin and theoretical content will be explored in detail. This thesis will focus on the exploration of the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical limitation and its practical enlightenment. Firstly, the exploration will focus on the origin of Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature. The reason why Fromm took the living condition of human being as a starting point on his research, on the one hand, is that the influence of his unique family environment and turbulent background, on the other hand, is that the enlightenment of Jewish Messianism, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory as well as Marx’s theory of labor alienation.– Secondly, the theoretical framework of Fromm’s complex theory will be clarified. Fromm believed that human being is a social existence in reality, being created in history and having self-consciousness. Human nature is the inherent contradiction of life. Alienation exists from ancient times and everywhere, covering the fields of production, consumption, interpersonal relationships the unconscious, and so on. Thus, in order to realize a sane society and personality, a comprehensive reform, which includes political, economic and cultural aspect, should be carried out.– Thirdly, the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical limitation and its practical enlighten-ment will be analyzed in this thesis. The methods of combining theory with practice and the general principle Fromm adopt during researching the alienation of human nature make his theory have stronger times and reality, helping us to correctly understand the current phenomenon of alienation in china. But at the same time, due to the limitations of history, Fromm’s understanding of Marx’s thoughts was incomprehensive, regarding Marx’s philosophy as a pure theoretical protest, considering the alienation theory of Marx as totality, taking alienation as the central concept of the philosophy of Marxism. In addition, Fromm’s design was Utopian because he denied violent revolution, abandoned the dictatorship of the proletariat and neglected the public ownership of the means of production.– Finally, the practical enlightenment of Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature will be explored. On the one hand, Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature enlightens us to adhere to the nature of socialism, that is to say, to uphold the proletarian dictatorship and the dominant position of the public ownership. On the other hand, on the other hand, we must adhere to the construction of a socialist harmonious society, that is, to strengthen the construction of social belief system and prevent the alienation of human nature; to deepen the people-oriented scientific outlook on development and take the road of sustainable development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bai, Xuesong T1 - On the Characterization of Mr. Biswas in >A House for Mr. Biswas< under Fromm’s Character Theory [运用弗洛姆性格理论分析小说《毕司沃斯先生的房子》中主人翁的性格], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 奈保尔是一个关注人类、尤其是后殖民背景下人类的著名作家,是2001年诺贝尔奖的获得者,擅长写作移民文学。他出生在特立尼达,一个先被西班牙、后被英国殖民的国家。他的祖先是印度移民,他主要的学习和写作的生活在英格兰,他被这三种文化强烈影响。小说《毕斯沃斯先生的房子》是奈保尔的杰出作品之一。先前关于奈保尔和他的小说《毕斯沃斯先生的房子》的研究,主要可以分为两个方向。起初,人们主要关心奈保尔的多元文化背景。研究者通过细节来说明移民者在后殖民社会失去了根,独立和自由,生活在较低的社会阶层,所以他们的命运是悲惨的。之后,人们进一步讨论奈保尔笔下的小说人物对失去根基、没有自由和尊重的反抗,研究小说中有哪些细节能表现移民者在殖民地为独立、自由做出的斗争,对根的追寻。在《为自己的人》一书中,弗洛姆提出了对性格比较系统的分析方法的性格取向的分类类型、例子和性格的功能。本文由五个章节组成,运用弗洛姆的性格理论分析主人公毕司沃斯先生的性格,研究毕司沃斯先生的人生经历和大事件对他心理变化的影响,从而促使他在人生不同阶段产生特定的性格取向,从而促使他在面临抉择时,做出符合其性格取向的选择。第一章是简要介绍作者奈保尔、奈保尔的主要写作内容和他的代表作《毕司沃斯先生的房子》,并讨论了本文的理论和现实意义,并介绍了这篇文章的结构。第二章首先对前人关于本小说的研究进行了梳理,介绍了弗洛姆和他的理论系统,接着探讨了弗洛姆的性格理论。第三章主要从三个方面探讨毕司沃斯先生不同人生阶段性格的形成。第一,毕司沃斯先生生存的社会历史环境怎样影响他性格养成。第二,毕司沃斯先生生存的社会经济环境怎样影响他性格养成。第三,在毕司沃斯先生生命的不同阶段他的个人经历怎样影响他的此昂个养成。第四章说明了毕司沃斯先生生命的不同阶段性格倾向类型和功能,分析了每次生命选择的内因,解释性格如何影响毕司沃斯先生争取平等、独立、尊重、自由等行为。第五章是结论部分。生活在不同社会环境中的人们结合个体的不同经历,会形成既定的性格倾向,这些性格倾向会影响人们在生活的每一个阶段的选择。它可以帮助调整和控制人的心理变化,向积极的取向发展,积极主动、有意识地培养积极的性格,从而选择更合适的方式应对社会生活的挑战。未知是恐惧的来源,一旦了解社会生活对人心理产生的影响、了解人的性格,我们便能消除困惑的恐惧,形成健全性格,为社会稳定做出贡献。本文通过运用弗洛姆的性格理论研究毕司沃斯先生性格,发现毕司沃斯先生在他人生的不同阶段有不同的主导性格取向,影响他在不同阶段的选择。在早期阶段,他是受殖民地、移民的家庭背景影响,所以他的主要特点是非生产性的。他父亲死后,当他母亲带他去投靠他的姑姑之后,他的性格取向朝生产性转变,学校和宗教教育经历都对他的生产性性格产生积极影响。性格的研究有其重要性,是社会伦理学研究的真正主题,有助于创造一个健全的社会。 N2 - V. S. Naipaul is one of the writers who have concerns about human beings especially human beings under contemporary post-colonial background, so he became a famous writer and was given the Nobel Prize in 2001. Although he is studying, living and writing masterpieces in England, he has the root of India in Asia and Trinidad in Western Indians. The novel named >A House for Mr. Biswas< is one of the most outstanding one of his works. In the book Man for Himself, Fromm puts forward comparatively systematic analysis methods of character orientations, with classification of the character types and examples. The previous studies about V. S. Naipaul and his novel, >A House for Mr. Biswas<, can be divided into two main research directions. At first, researchers care more about Naipaul’s complex culture background. They focus on the rootless feeling and tragicomic fate of the characters portrayed by Naipaul. They show details to illustrate that immigrants living in post-colonial society who lose their root, independence and freedom, so they are miserable, struggling in the lower social class. Later, researchers move forward to find out and prove how the characters pursue independence, identity and freedom. However, less attention is paid to the connection between the facts and the reaction taken by those rootless people. It is the psychology growth, change, and development that help to form the certain characters that influence people’s reaction to the facts which happen to them. In order to find out what influence the main character’s choices at every turn of his life and why he makes these choices, it is necessary to study the protagonist Mr. Biswas’ character. Based on Fromm’s character theory, this thesis will study the dominant character orientation in different life stages of the protagonist Mr. Biswas through analysis of his life experiences and big events. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is to give a brief introduction to the author of A House for Mr. Biswas, his writing, and his study focus. The significance and structure of this thesis will also be introduced.– In chapter II, some literature review about this genre will be illustrated, and this chapter will discuss the Fromm’s character theory.– Chapter III goes to the target. In this part, three main issues will be discussed about the formation of Mr. Biswas’ character orientation. The three main issues are social history background, social economic background, and Mr. Biswas’ personal experiences.– Chapter IV is to analyze Mr. Biswas’ character orientation types and its function in Mr. Biswas’ choices to fight for equality, independence, respect, freedom and etc.– Chapter V works as a conclusion. It is found that Mr. Biswas has different dominant character orientations in the various stages of his life, which is influenced by the change of his living place, opportunity to be educated, special talent of writing print letters and etc. These dominant character orientations are non-productive orientation including receptive character orientation, hoarding character orientation, marketing orientation, and productive character orientation. It is helpful to know the connection between social environment and character orientations. It can help to adjust and control one’s character to positive orientation and form productive character in order to choose a better way to react to the society. Once the characters are known by us, can we gain sense of belongings, safety, accomplishment easily, which can make a contribution to a stable society. [Author’s translation]. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bi, Xueqing T1 - A Study on the Strategies of Improving College Students’ Social Responsibility in Colleges and Universities [高校提高大学生社会责任感的策略研究], Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjang, China 2017. N2 - 近年来,在社会主义核心价值观的教育引领下,大学生思想状况的主流是积极、健康、向上的,普遍具有较强的社会责任感。但是,有关大学生社会责任感缺失或者淡化的报道也屡见报端,同样引起社会的广泛关注,如>云南大学学生马加爵杀害4名同学事件<、>复旦大学研究生饮水机投毒事件<、>5•8中南大学杀人事件<等等,诸多事件表明,个别大学生社会责任感不强,有的甚至严重缺乏社会责任感。这些问题虽然出现在少数大学生身上,但其影响却很大,需要引起高度重视。高校是培养人才的摇篮,是传播精神文明、传承先进文化的阵地,承担着创新知识、培养人才和服务社会的三大任务,同时也肩负着培养大学生社会责任感的重任。本论文首先以杜威的实用主义德育理论、弗洛姆的责任心理学及蒂里希的责任伦理学作为大学生社会责任感生成的相关理论依据,对大学生社会责任感的相关概念作出准确界定和科学概括;通过对大学生的历史责任感的考察,找出大学生社会责任感历史沿革的规律性,分析阐述提高大学生社会责任感的重要意义;同时,以调查问卷的统计结果为依据,通过实地调查对大学生社会责任感的现状进行了解,深入分析当今大学生社会责任感方面存在的问题以及高校社会责任感教育存在的问题,并阐述了产生问题的原因;最后,从立德树人、教学改革、实践养成、文化建设以及过程评价等方面提出培育大学生社会责任感的策略。 N2 - In recent years, under the guidance of the socialist core values, the mainstream of the ideological situation of college students is positive, healthy and progressive, and generally has a strong sense of social responsibility. However, the report on the loss or dilution of college students’ social responsibility is also known as the newspaper, also caused widespread concern in society, such as >Yunnan University students Ma Jiajue killed four students<,>Fudan University graduate drinking water machine poisoning incident<, >Central South University murder incidents< and so on, many events show that individual college students social responsibility is not strong, and some even a serious lack of social responsibility. Although these problems appear in a small number of college students, but its impact is very large, need to pay great attention. University is the cradle of cultivating talents, is the dissemination of spiritual civilization, inheritance advanced culture position, bear the innovation knowledge, cultivate talent and serve the three major social tasks, but also shoulder the responsibility of cultivating college students social responsibility. First of all, the concept of social responsibility of college students is to make accurate definition and scientific summary. Secondly, it examines the historical sense of responsibility of college students and analyzes the importance of improving the social responsibility of college students. Thirdly, through the field investigation to the full understanding of the status quo of college students’ social responsibility, from the mastery of contemporary college students’ social responsibility, the author further explores the causes of the college students’ social responsibility in our country. Finally, from the perspective of colleges and universities put forward the strategy is expected to improve the sense of social responsibility of college students. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fang, Yanfang T1 - The Analysis of Isabel’s Pursuit of Freedom in >The Portrait of a Lady< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory [从弗洛姆自由观视角解读《一位女士的画像》女主人公自由之路], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2017 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - 本文旨在用艾瑞克•弗洛姆的自由观来分析《一位女士的画像》女主人公伊莎贝尔的追求自由之路。正如弗洛姆所阐述,很多人对于自由的本质存在误解。经济独立与政治独立并不意味着真正自由,因为清除外界障碍所能带给我们的仅仅是消极自由。而自由的终极形式是积极自由,只有当我们作为完整主体自发自在地生活,并保持与世界的密切联系时,才能获得真正的自由。本文第一章是对伊莎贝尔错误自由观的阐述。女主人公受过良好教育却不谙世事,起初她认为婚姻势必阻断她的独立之路,而亲密关系则不利于个体性的保存。本章将说明她在经验缺乏的情况下如何做出了错误的选择。第二章分析了伊莎贝尔逃避自由的行为。由于追求消极自由,她自由生活的愿望落空,并陷入充满阴谋的无爱婚姻,而婚姻的不幸加剧了她的孤独,让她逐渐适应消极现实。第三章论述的是在遭受丈夫奥斯蒙德和友人梅尔夫人联合背叛之后,伊莎贝尔如何重塑自由观。挫折并未让她一蹶不振,而是教会她承担起属于自己的责任,正视自己的命运并满怀信心重建自由王国。她历经艰辛险阻后仍充满勇气的举动,证明她开始追求积极自由。这种自由超越了社会价值与传统观念,并给予人追寻从心而不逾矩、自发自在的生活的信心。伊莎贝尔的自由之路折射出个人在自我实现道路上的苦痛成长,但她追求自由和寻找自我的不折不挠精神仍然意义非凡。 N2 - [This thesis intends to analyze Isabel’s pursuit of freedom in The Portrait of a Lady from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory. As is elaborated by Fromm, many of us misunderstand the essence of freedom. The status of being free in economical and political sense doesn’t mean we are free, because removing external impediments can only bring us negative freedom. The ultimate form of freedom is positive freedom where we can live spontaneously as a complete individual closely connected to this world.– In the first chapter, I will explicate Isabel’s fallacious concept of individual freedom as a well-educated but inexperienced girl, who at first dismisses marriage as something that can stymie her pursuit of independence and evades intimacy with others to preserve her individuality. How her inexperience has led to her wrong choices will be also scrutinized.– In the second chapter, Isabel’s behaviors of escaping from freedom will be closely elaborated. Her pursuit of negative freedom has smashed her hope of living as a free soul, leading her into a loveless marriage of plots. The absence of marital felicity aggravates her situation of loneliness and she gradually adapts to the depressive reality.– The third chapter elucidates how Isabel’s understanding of freedom undergoes substantial changes after she is informed of the dual betrayal of her husband and her confidante Madame Merle. Instead of wallowing in despondency, she takes her responsibility and affronts her destiny with the faith of creating her new kingdom of freedom. Her courageous attempts attest to her pursuit of positive freedom after all the suffering and adversity. This freedom transcends the social values and conventional standards, and instills in an individual the confidence of following one’s heart and act spontaneously but not arbitrarily. Isabel’s journey of freedom illustrates how an individual experiences the painful growth and finally attains self-realization as a free soul, but her indomitable will of pursuing freedom and finding self is of great significance.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feng, Zheng T1 - An Analysis of the Formation Factors of the Pedagogy Theory of the Oppressed [被压迫者教育学理论的形成因素分析], Master thesis, Comparative Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2017. N2 - 保罗•雷古勒斯•内维斯•弗莱雷(Paulo Regulus Neves Freire),简称保罗•弗莱雷(Paulo Freire),是批判教育和大众教育领域的标志性人物。后人对他的赞誉不胜枚举,如>20世纪的卢梭<、>当代的约翰•杜威<、>日内瓦的救世主<等等。笔者在7年的教育学学科的学习过程中,对保罗•弗莱雷的探究兴趣始终不减。进入比较教育学的领域后,笔者对发展中国家在该领域话语权地位的缺失深以为然。研究保罗•弗莱雷—一位来自发展中国家,在国际世界享有崇高声誉使笔者对该现状的一种反向反思。根据《被压迫者教育学》以及保罗•弗莱雷的一些其他著作,人们将他的理论称为解放教育学或被压迫者教育学理论。通过各种渠道,笔者发现对保罗•弗莱雷的研究多集中于对该理论内容的解读,但对该理论形成背景的详细论述相对较少。研究被压迫者教育学理论的形成因素可以帮助笔者在一定程度上解决发展中国家话语权地位低的疑问。通过对资料的整理及加工,笔者将众多因素归为三大类——家庭因素、社会及时代背景因素、理论源泉。第一章,分析保罗•弗莱雷成长的家庭背景,并要特别指出他的父亲给他带来的影响。该部分透过细节如保罗•弗莱雷父亲对他幼年教育方法的选择,和对他选择宗教时的态度的反应,说明父亲的做法对他日后>对话<和>扫盲教育<概念的提出的影响。同时,出于剔除母亲因素和避免自上而下的惯性思路,笔者将保罗•弗莱雷和卢梭(Rousseau)作了简要的对比,通过对比进一步说明幼年时期父亲教育对保罗•弗莱雷的影响。第二章,分析被压迫者教育学理论形成的社会及时代背景。该部分是本文的重点。该章主要分为两个部分,分别是巴西国内的社会背景和拉美地区的时代背景。对巴西国内社会背景的研究重点放在教育领域,通过分析严峻的教育背景引出保罗•弗莱雷的扫盲教育或成人教育,继而说明扫盲给被压迫者教育学理论带来了什么。拉美地区的时代背景主要包括古巴革命的影响、民众主义的传播和美国进步联盟计划对拉美地区的改变,两大时代背景是被压迫者教育学理论形成的重要因素,文化行动理论直接作用于该时代背景。第三章,分析被压迫者教育学理论的理论来源,即被压迫者教育学理论借鉴了哪些理论的精华。由于该理论涉及到的人物众多,出于创新性及水平的考虑,笔者将目光聚焦于以下三位:心理学家弗洛姆、社会学家马尔库塞以及哲学家黑格尔。本论文在研究>形成因素<时没有按照传统的政治、经济、文化等思路,而是按照时间的顺序进行排列。三部分分别对应保罗•弗莱雷成长的20世纪30年代、50年代和60年代。 N2 - Paulo Regulus Neves Freire (Paulo Regulus Neves Freire) referred to as Paulo Freire, is critical of education and public education in the field of iconic figures. Descendants of his praise too numerous, such as >the 20th century Rousseau<, >contemporary John Dewey<, >the savior of Geneva< and so on. In the course of the seven-year pedagogy study, the author’s interest in Paulo Freire has never diminished. […] Studying Paulo Freire-one from developing countries, enjoys a high reputation in the international world is a reverse reflection of the present situation. According to the >educated pedagogy< and some other works by Paulo Freire, people put his theory into the theory of liberation education or the theory of the oppressed education. Through various channels, the author found that the study of Paulo Freire more focused on the interpretation of the theoretical content, but the theory of the background of the detailed discussion is relatively small. The study of the oppressive theory of the formation of educational theory can help the author to a certain extent, solve the low status of developing countries, the right to speak. Through the finishing and processing of data, the author will be many factors attributed to three categories-family factors, social and temporal background factors, the theoretical source. In the first chapter, restore the family background of Paulo Freire’s growth, especially the influence of his father’s influence. This part, by details, such as the choice of Father Paulo Freire’s choice of his juvenile education method and his attitude towards the choice of religion, initially states that his father’s approach to his future >dialogue< and >literacy education< The author made a brief comparison of Paulo Freire and Rousseau, by contrast to further explain the childhood education of his father to Paulo Freire The impact of mine.– In the second chapter, the author mainly analyzes the social background and the background of the theory of the oppressed. This chapter is divided into three parts, namely, the background of the northeast of Brazil, the social background of Brazil and the background of Latin America. The social background and the background of the times are the key points. The social background of Brazil is concentrated in the field of education, through the analysis of the severe educational background leads to Freire’s literacy education or adult education. Latin American background includes the impact of the Cuban revolution, the spread of populism in Latin America and the Federation of American progress plan changes, three back¬ground is an important factor in the formation of the theory of cultural oppression, action theory is directly on the background.– The third chapter analyzes the theoretical sources of the theory of the oppressed education. That is, the oppressor’s pedagogy theory draws on the essence of what theories. As the theory involves a large num¬ber of people, for innovation and level of consideration, I will focus on the following three: psychologist Fromm, sociologist Marcuse and philosopher Hegel.– In this paper, the formation of factors in the study of the traditional political, economic, cultural and other ideas, but in accordance with the order of time to arrange. Three parts corresponding to Paulo Freire grew up in the thirties, the fifties and sixties. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Qianyun T1 - Escapism in Kurt Vonnegut’s >Slaughterhouse-five<[库尔特•冯内古特《五号屠场》中的逃避主义 ], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 库尔特•冯内古特是第二次世界大战后美国最多产和最受欢迎的作家之一。《五号屠场》是冯内古特最著名的一部小说,被广泛地认为是一部典型的黑色幽默小说,同时也是一部后现代主义杰作。本文采用弗洛姆的>逃避自由<学说和萨特的存在主义理论分析《五号屠场》中以主人公毕利为主的逃避方式以及逃避本质,从而阐释作者冯内古特的逃避主义观,即逃避不能改变人的困境,不能抹去战争给人类带来的心灵创伤,更不可能阻止战争的发生。只有以积极的心态直面残酷的现实,才是当今人类最好的选择。全文共分为四章。第一章主要分析小说主人公毕利对>他者<的逃避。萨特认为,如果和他人的关系变得扭曲,则>他人<就是地狱。德兵、战友甚至是家人,对毕利来说都是>地狱<,在德兵和以欺负毕利为乐的战友面前,毕利一再忍让、逆来顺受,在妻子面前,沉默寡言、漠不关心,甚至不愿面对自己的母亲,因为她给了他生命,而他只想放弃自己的生命。毕利不愿意通过自己的努力改变与他人的关系,他的行为代表了战后世界人们的人性冷漠与人际关系的异化。第二章主要分析毕利对事实的逃避。在小说中,毕利幻想自己被外星人抓去,并深受外星人价值观的影响。外星人认为时间没有先后顺序,死亡、战争等令人产生负面情绪的事情,仅仅是无数生命时刻中的其中某个时刻,人们应该对此>漠然以对<,仅仅关注生命中的美好时刻。这种种想象其实是毕利不愿面对事实,为逃避内心痛苦的一种自我欺骗,是萨特存在主义理论中的>自欺<行为。第三章分析小说中不同人物的>逃避自由<现象及其原因所在。弗洛姆认为,>逃避自由<有三种方式:极权主义、攻击与破坏以及顺势与趋同。这三种方式在小说中毕利、韦锐以及拉杂罗等不同人物身上均有体现。无论哪种方式,都是为了逃避孤独与无力的生存状态。第四章分析小说中作者的>介入<,作者在小说中通过元小说的方式透露出自己创作此小说的意图,表达了其勇敢回首残酷的战争记忆、愿意为世人担起责任的决心。通过《五号屠场》中的讽刺,作者表明了自己对待战争以及战后荒谬世界的观点——为自己更要对整个社会和人类担起责任,直面现实。 N2 - Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) is one of the most prolific and popular American writers after World War Ⅱ. >Slaughterhouse-Five< (1969) is the most famous novel written by Vonnegut, which is widely regarded as a representative novel of black humor and also a postmodern masterpiece. On the basis of Sartre’s existentialism theory and Fromm’s theory of escaping from freedom, this thesis makes an in-depth analysis of the methods and essence of character’s escaping performances. This thesis is divided into four chapters.– The first chapter analyzes the protagonist Billy’s escaping from >the other<. According to Sartre, once the relationship with others is abnormal, then the other is >hell<. The Germans, the comrades and even family members are all Billy’s hell. Billy is unwilling to face up to the relations but his escaping cannot change his situations.– Chapter Two analyzes Billy’s escaping from truth. Billy imagines himself being captured to another planet and refuses to accept the truth of his real life. His behavior is a typical case of Sartre’s concept of >bad faith< (self-deception).– Chapter Three probes into the manifestation of characters’ escape from freedom. According to Fromm, escape from freedom dues to loneliness and helplessness deep inside one’s heart.– Chapter Four illustrates Vonnegut’s ideas towards the character’s escape phenomena—There is no place to escape to. Vonnegut bears the responsibility to advocates courage of facing the absurd world. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Shuai T1 - Consumption Alienation: Dual Thinking of Theory and Reality [消费异化:理论和现实的双重思考], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, China Youth Political Institute, Beijing, China 2017. N2 - 自古以来,消费就一直存在于社会市场的经济运营中,并始终占据着重要的地位。从一方面来看,消费促进了生产力的发展,加速了消费商品的生产与销售,对人类社会的进步起到了重要的作用;但从另一个方面来看它却又给人们带来了不可避免的负面影响。例如,随着生活水平的提高,人们的消费行为出现了一些不正常现象,其中无节制地吃喝玩乐、攀比奢侈消费之风的蔓延都是典型表现。这种消费异化现象的出现不仅阻碍了人的自由全面发展,而且还不利于国家、世界的稳定发展。本文从马克思的异化思想及劳动异化入手,以马克思主义的基本理论为依据,对消费异化从理论和现实两方面进行分析,且在鲍德里亚、马尔库塞、弗洛姆和生态马克思主义学者等人所提出的消费异化理论基础上进行了认真的整理和总结,并希望可以通过一系列的分析和讨论能够让人们走出消费异化误区,感受生活的本真,追求生命的本身。文章以概括、梳理了异化消费现状分析为核心,共分四个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要介绍了本文选题的背景和意义、以往研究成果、消费异化含义、国内外研究现状综述等。第二部分则从马克思和西方马克思主义学者两个角度阐释了>消费异化<的理论渊源。第三部分则介绍了>消费异化<的现状和表现以及消费异化产生的内外根源,与此同时文章还着重从消费文化、消费主体、价值取向这三个方面对消费异化现象进行了有力的批判。第四部分主要从坚持适度理性消费、弘扬绿色生态消费、提倡个人精神文明消费、重塑健康消费文化四个方面入手,对消费异化这一问题展开对策性分析,并提出笔者观点:消费异化的祛除需要我们社会中每个人的共同努力,而当我们全社会消费者广泛投入,携手共进,利用一切方法和途径去充盈我们的精神需要、丰富我们的精神生活的时候,那么我们消除消费异化必将指日可待! N2 - Since ancient times, consumption has been in the social market economic operation, and always occupies a prominent position. On the one hand, consumption has promoted the development of productive forces, accelerated the production and sale of consumer goods, played an important role in the progress of human society; but from another point of view it has brought people to the inevitable For example, with the improvement of living standards, people’s consumption behavior has some abnormal phenomenon, unrestrained eating and drinking, comparisons of luxury consumption of the spread of the wind is one of the typical performance. The emergence of this phenomenon of consumption alienation not only hindered the free and comprehensive development of people, but also detrimental to the stable development of the country and the world. In this paper, Author makes a comprehensive analysis of consumption alienation based on the philosophical thinking of >consumption alienation< from the Marxist alienation and the alienation of labor, and in Baudrillard, Marcuse. On the basis of the theory of consumption alienation proposed by the scholars such as Fromm and Ecology Marxists, it is hoped that a series of analysis and discussion can make people out of the alienation of consumption and feel the truth of life, the pursuit of life itself. The article is divided into four parts, The first part, the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, the previous research results, the meaning of consumption alienation, and the current research status at home and abroad. The second part, the origin of the theory of >consumption alienation<. This part mainly deals with the related expositions of Marx and Western Marxist scholars on consumption alienation. In the third part, the author introduces the present situation of consumption alienation, the material and spirit of consumption alienation, the expression of four aspects of luxury and sports, the internal and external analysis of consumption alienation, the consumption culture, consumption subject, value orientation of the three aspects of the phenomenon of criticism. The fourth part, mainly to eliminate the phenomenon of consumption alienation countermeasures, that is adhere to moderate rational consumption, promote green ecological consumption, promote personal spiritual civilization consumption, reshape the healthy consumption of four aspects of culture analysis, and pointed out that the dissipation of consumption needs us Everyone in the community’s joint efforts, only our whole society consumers are widely engaged, hand in hand, use all methods and ways to fill our spiritual needs, enrich our spiritual life, then we eliminate consumption alienation will be just around the corner! [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tengwen T1 - >The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844< in the Vision of Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派视域下的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2017. N2 - 法兰克福学派的社会批判理论具有很强的现实针对性,反映了19世纪30年代的时代特征。关于法兰克福学派的政治观点,主要反映在霍克海默、阿多诺、马尔库塞等人对大众文化理论的批判中。法兰克福学派被称为新马克思主义的代表派系,他们打破实证主义,以反实证主义的视角重新审视社会现状。法兰克福学派不仅继承了青年黑格尔学派的相关理论,而且受到叔本华和尼采非理性思想影响,还吸收了新康德主义和韦伯的文化批判理论。其中,马克思早期著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)中的异化概念对法兰克福学派影响最为深刻,他们以此为根基,创立了一套特色的社会批判理论体系,并由此进入到对资本主义意识形态批判中,在法兰克福学派理论家的眼中,批判是理论特色的标志,批判理论高于哲学,且与哲学思想形成对立。法兰克福学派的批判理论,批判否定一切现存的事物,同时,对一切事物真理追求复归到事物自身之中。20世纪的30年代,法兰克福学派批判视角开始转变,那时西方工人的运动处于低潮时期,法西斯的集权主义者在欧洲迅速崛起,在此种背景下,法兰克福学派的理论家们的研究重心不在是无产阶级所具有的强大的革命信念,而转向了对工人阶级意识形态研究,由此进入对《手稿》工人阶级的同情和关注的视域中。他们试图唤起人们理性觉醒,来打破实证主义的思维模式。在《启蒙辩证法》中,霍克海默和阿多诺指出从启蒙运动至今,人类的理性虽然获得了一些成就,但是与此同时,人类的理性坠入了实证主义思维模式中,在现代化的工业社会中,人类理性的思考和反思,沦为了奴隶,成为了工具,这种理性不在是服务于民,而是成为人类谋取利益的手段,理性的背后是一种钱权交易、是一场话剧表演、是一种景观社会。理性失去了为人类自由而奋斗的意义,不在是忠诚服务者,却成为人类的统治者。对此,法兰克福学派理论家在研究工业社会的高级文化、通俗文化等问题时,他们都围绕着对理性问题的研究。他们通过对资本主义的工业文化的批判,进而对整个意识形态的批判。在法兰克福学派对资本主义意识形态的批判中,我们可以来理解《手稿》对国民经济学家批判,马克思批判了国民经济学家所遵循的经济理性原则,是否科学,是否现实,是否符合工人的利益。法兰克福学派的理论家们对这种所谓的经济理性原则,进行了深刻的思考,揭示了资本主义经济理性的背后,所掩饰的个人经济利益、个人的权利以及人与人等级划分等问题。法兰克福学派以敏锐的视角发掘到资本主义经济理性原则背后,人类对理性意义错误的理解。由此,对理性问题的研究成为法克福学派理论家们新的研究路径。为了对理性问题的研究,马尔库塞和弗洛姆对《手稿》的异化理论进行分析,探究人类理性到底是什么?人类如何才能保持理性?他们对人的本质问题进行了深入的思考,并吸收了《手稿》的异化理论,且不局限于《手稿》涉及到的劳动产品异化等问题的研究范围,而是把异化问题的视域拓展到工业文化以及其它人类现实生活领域中,揭示出现实生活的方方面面也存在许多异化问题。马尔库塞对《手稿》异化劳动问题的研究,把劳动问题复归到现实,指出了人的劳动属性不属于自身的原因,失去的到底是什么?他们认为,劳动与人本质分离,根源是个性自由的丧失。此外,他们把马克思对人与劳动的关系研究,看成是理性自反性的折射,理性具有的自反性,可以对现实活动产生新的认识。马尔库塞、弗洛姆认为马克思和他们一样,也站在这样理性的视角,他们的理性基础都是重视人类的价值,强调个性自由和思维的能动性以及关心人的生命以和生存状况,由此他们共同走进了人道主义视域。马尔库塞和弗洛姆试图在人道主义视角中,唤起人们对人本质问题新认识,通过人道主义唤醒人们的良知,构建伦理道德价值观,来约束人们的活动。他们关注现实生活,对现实生活中存在的问题,进行人道主义批判。在现实生活中,他们对人个性自由的发展,进行考察、分析。通过现实生活中个性自由程度的考察,来判断当下人的理性是否真合理,是否真自由,是否真得到解放。施密特继承了马尔库塞和弗洛姆提出的新课题,施密特在《马克思的自然概念》一书中,把人对现实生活问题的理解,归于人与自然关系的研究。施密特继承了《手稿》人与自然关系的理解,并在此基础上提出,实践活动是连接人与自然关系的中介桥梁。但是,施密特并没有过于关注人的实践活动,认为对现实的关注不能只是实践活动,最重的是《手稿》中的感性思想,施密特把《手稿》中的感性思想与现实活动结合起来,认为感性的现实活动才是探求人类寻求真理的标准,施密特把情感问题与现实生活结合起来,关注人的情感、感受。由此看出施密特也陷入的马尔库塞的人道主义视角中,他们表达的情感是一致的。因此,施密特感性现实活动,最终也走进了人道主义视域。在法兰克福学派对感性问题的研究中,维尔默把感性、情感的研究纳入到对美学思想的研究。通过人对事物美的认识,来分析个人情感等问题。他追求情感产生的根源,挖掘美学思想中蕴含的感性思想。维尔默的美学思想与《手稿》美学思想不同,《手稿》指出>劳动创造了美<马克思认为人的美学思想来源于人的劳动过程,人在劳动中通过五官感受,产生了对美的认识,马克思强调个人与个人之间对美学思想认识的差异性,每个人对美的认识都是不同的。维尔默强调美学思想的大众化认同,认为人对美学思想统一认识是人与人之间思想发生碰撞后,产生对审美的统一。由此建构起统一的审美标准。可见维尔默美学思想是一个否定之否、不断批判再批判的过程。维尔默追求理性的方式其实是一种批判再批判的方式,他试图把美学思想蕴含的感性思想与理性统一起来,希望在感性中寻求人类的自由。虽然他把美学思想规范成标注化、实证化、统一化认识,企图打破了理性研究中存在的实证主义的缺陷,但是,却陷入感性抽象的视域。 N2 - The social critical theory of Frankfurt school has a strong realistic pertinence, which reflects the characteristics of the times in the 1830s. About the Frankfurt school’s political views, mainly reflected in Horkheimer and Adorno, Marcuse et al. Critique of mass culture theory in. The Frankfurt school is known as the representative of the new Marx doctrine, they break the positivism, re-examine the social status from the perspective of anti-positivism. The Frankfurt school not only inherited the relevant theories of the young Hagel School, but also influenced by the irrational thoughts of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, but also absorbed the Neo Kantian theory and the critical theory of culture of the United States. Among them, the 1844 Manuscript of economics and philosophy of Marx’s early works (hereinafter referred to as the >Manuscript<) of the concept of alienation in the Frankfurt school is most profound, they use it as the foundation, the system of social critical theory created a set of characteristics, and thus into the capitalist ideology, the Frankfurt school theorists in the eyes that is a sign of critical theoretical characteristics, critical theory is higher than that of philosophy, and the formation of opposition and philosophy. The critical theory of the Frankfurt school criticizes all existing things, and at the same time, the pursuit of the truth of all things is returned to the thing itself. In nineteenth Century 30 s, the Frankfurt school’s critical view began to change, when the western workers’ movement is in the low period, the rapid rise of totalitarian fascism in Europe, in this context, the research focus of Frankfurt school theorists is not the proletariat has a strong belief in the revolution, and turned to the working class study on the ideology, enter the >Manuscript< of the working class from the perspective of sympathy and concern. They try to arouse people’s rational awakening, to break the positivism thinking mode. In the >Dialectics of enlightenment<, Horkheimer and Adorno pointed out that since the enlightenment, the rationality of human has made some achievements, but at the same time, the fall of human rational positivism thinking mode, in the modern industrial society, human rational thinking and reflection, in order to become a slave, became the tool, the rational is not in service to the people, but as for the interests of human beings means rational behind is a trading power for money, is a drama, is a kind of social landscape. Reason has lost the meaning of striving for the freedom of human beings, not loyal servant, but the ruler of mankind. In this regard, the Frankfurt school theorists in the study of the advanced culture of the industrial society, popular culture and other issues, they are around the study of the issue of rationality. They criticize the whole ideology by criticizing the capitalist industrial culture. Critique of capitalist ideology in schools in Frankfurt, we can understand the >Manuscript< of national economists criticism, Marx criticized the principle of economic rationality, followed by national economists whether science, whether real, whether conforms to the interests of workers. The Frankfurt school theorists of this so-called principle of economic rationality, a deep thinking, reveals the capitalism behind the economic rationality and human rights classification is covered by personal economic interests and personal problems. From the perspective of the Frankfurt school, the author explores the rational understanding of the rational meaning behind the rational principle of capitalist economy. Thus, study on the rational problems become a research path of Frankfurt School theorists new. In order to study the problem of rationality, Marcuse and Fromm analyze the theory of alienation in the manuscript, to explore what is human rationality? How can human beings remain rational? They conducted in-depth of human nature, and absorb the >Manuscript< theory of alienation, the scope of the study but not limited to product of labor alienation >Manuscripts< involved, but the alienation view to expand industrial culture and other human life field, reveals the real life. There are many aspects of alienation. Marcuse’s research on the alienation of labor in the manuscript, the return to the reality of the work, pointed out that the human labor attributes do not belong to their own reasons, what is lost in the end? They believe that the separation of labor and human nature is rooted in the loss of individual freedom. In addition, they regard Marx’s research on the relationship between man and labor as a reflection of the rational reflexivity. Marcuse, Marx and Fromm that they like, standing in such a rational perspective, they are rational foundation of respect for human values, emphasizing the initiative and freedom of personality thinking and caring life and living conditions, thus their common people into the humanitarian perspective. Marcuse and Fromm tried to arouse people’s new understanding of the nature of human beings in the perspective of humanism, to arouse people’s conscience, to construct ethical values, and to restrict people’s activities. They pay close attention to the real life and criticize the problems in real life. In real life, they investigate and analyze the development of individual freedom. Through the investigation of the degree of freedom of personality in real life, we can judge whether the rationality of the human being is reasonable, whether it is free or not. Schmidt inherited the new topic proposed by Marcuse and Fromm. In his book >the concept of nature< by the author of the book, the author holds that the understanding of the problem of real life by human beings is the study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of the nature of the book by the author of the book, which is based on the concept of nature by the author of the book, by the author of this thesis. In this case, the author of the thesis is a study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of nature of the book. Schmidt inherited the understanding of the relationship between man and nature, and on this basis, the practice is to connect the relationship between man and nature of the intermediary bridge. However, Schmidt did not pay too much attention to people’s practical activities that focus on reality not just practice, the most important is the >perceptual ideas manuscript< in Schmidt, the >Manuscript< in the perceptual thinking and reality activities together, that emotional reality is the human activities to seek truth standard, Schmidt the emotional problems with real life, pay close attention to people’s emotions and feelings. From this we can see that Schmidt is also involved in the humanitarian perspective of Marcuse. Therefore, Schmidt’s perceptual activities, and finally into the humanitarian perspective. In the study of the Frankfurt school, the study of sensibility and emotion is incorporated into the study of aesthetics. Through people’s understanding of the beauty of things, to analyze personal emotions and other issues. He pursues the root of the emotion, and excavate the emotional thought contained in the aesthetic thought. Wilmer’s aesthetic thought and aesthetic thought of >Manuscript<, >Manuscript< pointed out that >labor produce beauty< Marx believes that the source of human aesthetic thoughts on human labor in the labor process, people through the five senses, the understanding of the United States, Marx stressed that the relationship between the individual and the people on the understanding of differences of aesthetics everyone, the perception of beauty is different. Wilmer emphasized the popularity of aesthetic thought, and thought that the unity of people’s aesthetic thought is the unity of aesthetics after the collision between people. From this, the unified aesthetic standard is constructed. It can be seen that the aesthetics of silence is a process of negation and criticism. The way of Wilmer’s pursuit of reason is actually a way of criticizing and criticizing. He tries to unify the perceptual thought and reason contained in the aesthetic thought, and hopes to seek the freedom of human beings in sensibility. Although he has standardized the aesthetic thought into annotation, positivism and unification, he tried to break the limitation of positivism in the study of rationality, but it was in the visual field of sensibility. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Xinghua T1 - A Study of Alienation in Ian McEwan’s >Saturday< [对伊恩•麦克尤恩《星期六》异化主题思想的探究] N2 - 麦克尤恩被普遍认为是当今英国文学领域最优秀的小说家和剧作家之一。作为一个多产的作家,《星期六》只是他的杰作之一。自2005年发表以来备受评论界的关注和研究,研究的角度也各不相同。他们大都研究小说中的主人公心理、伦理道德、社会政治危机及创伤主题,同时也有从叙事技巧对其进行研究的,主要包括空间叙事、时间及自由叙事等。本论文作者发现异化也是《星期六》的一个重要主题,很值得深入系统地进行研究。因此,本论文主要运用埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论来探究麦克尤恩《星期六》所表现的这一主题,希望本研究对该经典作品的解读提供一个新视角,拓展对该小说和作家的研究。本论文将借助埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论研究分析《星期六》这部小说,主要从社会异化、人与人关系异化、人的自我异化三个方面分别进行阐释。通过以上详细分析,文章最后得出结论,《星期六》这部小说充分表现了现代社会和现代人异化这一深刻主题。它体现了麦克尤恩对和谐社会、友好人际关系、健康人性的企盼以及对人类社会的终极关怀。 N2 - Ian McEwan is widely regarded as one of the outstanding novelists and playwrights in the world of the English literature. He is also a prolific writer, and >Saturday< is only one of his masterpieces. It has been frequently studied by literary critics from multiple perspectives since its publication in 2005. Most of them have made thematic studies of the novel such as the psychology of the main characters, ethics and morality, socio-political issues and trauma. Others have done researches in its narrative techniques which mainly include spatial narrative, free narrative and chronological narrative. The author of this thesis demonstrates that alienation is also an important theme of Saturday, which deserves an intensive research. So this thesis intends to make such an attempt with the application of Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a better interpretation of the writer and the novel, and extend the research in both of them. The thesis endeavors to place Saturday under a close examination with the help of Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation. It will be conducted in three aspects: a thorough analysis of the alienated society, the alienated interpersonal relationship and the alienated self reflected in the novel. By means of these analyses the thesis finally draws the conclusion that Saturday, in a large sense, expresses the theme of alienation of modern society and people. Through it Ian McEwan expresses his hope for a harmonious society with friendly human relationship and man’s benign humanity, and ulti¬mately his deep concern for human future. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Jinsui T1 - Loneliness in >The Sea, the Sea< [《大海啊,大海》中的孤独], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 本文借助罗伯特•韦斯和本•米尤什科维奇关于孤独的理论,以及埃里希•弗罗姆对孤独这一普世情感的应对机制理论,探讨艾丽斯•默多克作品《大海啊,大海》中主人公查尔斯的孤独。本文共分为四章。第一章包括本书和作者的简介、文献综述以及本文理论框架。第二章着眼于孤独的表现和原因,主要分为社会和情感两个层面。此章分析将分别从查尔斯的童年、老年以及孤独的群体三个角度进行。第三章研究查尔斯如何应对孤独,主要分析施虐与受虐倾向。此外二、三两章还将涉及艾丽斯•默多克本人对孤独的态度。第四章为全文总结。孤独既是一种普世情感,也是人类注定的生存状态。如果深陷于孤独,人会变得绝望。学会和孤独和谐相处将是成长的必经之路。而尊重和关注他人是应对孤独并与孤独和谐共生的绝佳方式。 N2 - Applying Robert Weiss and Ben Lazare Mijuskovic’s theory of loneliness as well as Erich Fromm’s theory of defense mechanism against this universal human feeling, this thesis forms an attempt to discuss the loneliness of the protagonist Charles Arrowby in Iris Murdoch’s novel >The Sea, the Sea<. The Thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter One provides a brief introduction to the novel and the author, literature review and the theoretical framework of the thesis. Chapter Two focuses on the representations and causes of loneliness, which chiefly includes social and emotional aspects. Charles’ childhood, his agedness and the lonely crowd are analyzed at length respectively. Chapter Three analyzes Charles’ coping with his loneliness, which is sadism and masochism. Iris Murdoch’s attitudes towards loneliness will also be touched upon in these chapters. Chapter Four is conclusion. Loneliness is both a universal feeling and a predestined human condition. Overwhelmed by it, people act desperately; co-living with it peacefully is a required course for growing up. As for how to subdue it and to live with it in harmony, respecting and giving attention to others is a recommended way. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Mengjuan T1 - An Analysis of Holden in Cages from the Perspective of >The Sane Society< [>健全的社会<视角下解析牢笼中的霍尔顿], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2017. N2 - 姆•大卫•塞林格于1951年出版《麦田里的守望者》,一举成名,被誉为>当代风格独特的文学天才>;与此同时,该书被美国文学界公认为美国文学中的>现代经典<之一。该小说以二战后的美国为时代背景,当时美国物质生活极大丰富,人民的精神生活却是一片荒原,纸醉金迷的社会特征致使主人公霍尔顿对这虚伪的社会深恶痛疾。人本主义精神分析代表人物艾里希•弗洛姆融合了马克思的人本学说和弗洛伊德精神分析理论,提出社会像人一样,有性格特征并且会生病。人有病态的性格存在,社会也有病态的、不健全的性格存在。在虚伪世界和精神荒原并存的社会中,不健全的社会性格不仅导致>垮掉的一代<成了美国50年代的代名词,也成为《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的牢笼,导致了霍尔顿精神世界的压抑、孤独和焦虑。为保持精神健全,霍尔顿必须挣脱这牢笼。本文基于弗洛姆的社会性格和关联需求理论,解析霍尔顿深陷于不健全社会性格的牢笼并踏上挣脱牢笼的三天情感关联旅程。全文共分五章:引言介绍了作者塞林格和小说《麦田里的守望者》,并且综述了小说的国内外研究现状;第二章概述艾里希•弗洛姆的>健全的社会性格<和>爱的关联<理论;第三章从盈利的社会、虚伪的世界和异化的人性三方面入手,详细探讨霍尔顿深陷于不健全社会性格的牢笼里;第四章从母爱、性爱和友爱三方面,着重探讨霍尔顿挣脱了不健全社会性格的牢笼;第五章得出结论,霍尔顿在虚伪腐化的世界里,通过与妹妹菲比建立爱的联系,感悟到他心中驻留已久的童真和快乐,最终冲破不健全社会性格的牢笼,不仅改变了自身孤独困苦的精神状态,也改变了看待世界的方式。并由小说世界推至现实社会,鼓励人们在当下社会中用友爱的方式去塑造健全的社会性格,用爱去关联这个社会。 N2 - In 1951, >The Catcher in the Rye<, was published in North America, and its author J. D. Salinger became famous overnight and was hailed as the unique contemporary literary genius. At the same time, this novel was regarded as one of the modern canons by American literature. The background of this novel was the United States which had already become a powerfully political, economic and military country after the Second World War. Even though people at that moment enjoyed a rich material life, they suffered from spiritual wasteland to a large degree. The luxury and dissipation life made the protagonist Holden detest the phony world. Erich Fromm, a famous representative of the Humanistic Psychoanalysis, combined Marxist Humanistic Theory and Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, and announced that a society could have a character and be sick just like a human being. Thus, men could have neuroses and insane character, and a society could have social neurosis and the insane social character as well. The coexistence of the spiritual wasteland and the phony world made the generation in the fifties be labeled as the Beat Generation, and also became cages for Holden Caulfield in >The Catcher in the Rye<. These cages made Holden feel repressed, lonely and anxious. Therefore, to maintain his sane character, Holden must break cages which were caused by the insane social character. Hence, on the basis of the theory of the Social Character and Relatedness with Love, the dissertation aims to analyze Holden’s struggling in cages of the insane social character and breaking cages with love through his three-day wandering in New York. This dissertation contains five chapters. The introduction is about J. D. Salinger’s, >The Catcher in the Rye<, and literature review on this novel. The second chapter introduces Erich Fromm’s theory of the social character and the relatedness with love, and the third chapter aims to analyze Holden’s struggling in cages of the insane society from three aspects – the acquisitive society, the phony world and the alienated interpersonal relationship. The fourth chapter analyzes the explicit way of Holden’s breaking cages of the insane society from three aspects in sequence – motherly love, erotic love, and brotherly love. The fifth chapter draws a conclusion that Holden broke cages of the insane social character by establishing the union with his sister Phoebe in this phony world and feeling innocence and love which resided in his heart long time ago. Holden not only changed his depressed mental state, but also changed the way to look at the world. From the novel to the reality, this paper also encourages people to establish the sane social character by brotherly love and to relate this society through love. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zheng, Lan T1 - Living Predicament – On the Theme of Alienation in >The Human Stain< [生存的困境 - 论《人性的污秽》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 中的异化主题作为当代最有影响力的美国犹太裔作家之一,菲利普·罗斯的小说主要描述犹太身份、美国梦、现代和传统道德的冲突以及性爱。2000年,罗斯完成>美国三部曲<的最后一部-《人性的污秽》。小说讲述浅肤色黑人科尔曼·西尔克的故事,他放弃自己的种族身份,伪装为犹太人最后导致自己的人生悲剧。小说和种族、黑人身份紧密联系,深刻揭示了隐藏的社会问题。国内外学者已经对这部小说进行广泛的研究,然而鲜有人关注小说中的异化主题。弗洛姆认为在现当代资本主义社会存在严重的异化。本篇论文拟借助弗洛姆的异化理论,剖析小说所表达的个人自我异化,人与人之间关系的异化和外部社会的异化。通过揭示普遍的异化现象进一步探讨小说中人物的生存困境。除导论和结论外,正文由三章组成。第一章分析小说的自我异化,主要包括科尔曼的种族逃离、莱斯特扭曲的性格、德芬妮的生存困境和福尼娅贬低自我的人生。异化的人丧失与自己的联系,也与他人失去联系。他感觉已经失去与外界的创造性联系,感到沮丧和无能为力。第二章探讨小说中人与人之间关系的异化,从家庭,爱情以及和周围人的疏离方面入手分析小说中人际关系的异化。异化不仅存在于自我,也存在于人与人之间。小说中人物的关系由于复杂的利益变得异化和扭曲。第三章考察小说中外部世界的异化,分析政治和种族异化以及病态社会给人们带来的影响。 N2 - As one of the most influential contemporary Jewish American writers, Philip Roth’s novels mainly deal with Jewish identity, American dream, the conflicts between modern and traditional morality and erotic love. In 2000, Roth finished the last one of >American Trilogy<: >The Human Stain<. This novel narrates a story of a light-skinned black man Coleman Silk. He chooses to abandon his racial identity, passing for Jewish people and leading to his final tragedy. It is closely related to race and black identity, profoundly revealing hidden social problems. There have been numerous researches on >The Human Stain<. However, few people explore the alienation theme in this novel. Fromm states there is serious alienation in contemporary society. This article tries to disclose self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relationship and alienation of society through Fromm’s alienation theory. Through revealing widespread alienation phenomenon, it will further discuss the living predicament of characters in this novel. In addition to introduction and conclusion, there are three chapters in the main body.– Chapter one analyzes self-alienation in this novel, including Coleman’s racial passing, Lester’s twisted character, Delphine’s surviving dilemma and Faunia’s demeaning life. Alienated people lose contact with himself and other people. He feels that he has lost the creative contact with society, becoming depressed and powerless.– Chapter two focuses on alienation in interpersonal relationship in this novel, consisting of alienation in family and love and alienation of other people. Alienation exists not only in oneself, but also among people. The relationship between characters in novel is distorted due to complicated interests.– Chapter three argues alienation of society in novel covering political and ethnic alienation and discusses the impact of morbid world. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dillon, Katrina E. T1 - An Ethic of Love: A Frommian Critique of Education, Doctoral dissertation, Language, Literacy and Sociocultural Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 2017, 283+5 pp. [digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1081&context=educ_llss_etds] N2 - This dissertation is centrally concerned with the ways in which Erich Fromm’s critical analysis of society can be applied to education, specifically looking at the ways in which Fromm’s conceptualizations of freedom, ethics, and love can be used both to critique education and to provide an alternative vision of education through an ethic of love. With its focus on humanization and freedom, critical pedagogy offers a powerful critique, but its liberatory potential has yet to be fully realized, largely because of the ways in which critical theory has been engaged in the work of critical pedagogy. Fromm’s work offers a necessary complication to critical pedagogy through his analysis of the psychological and emotional dimensions of authentic humanization. Combining the liberatory aims of critical pedagogy with Fromm’s work enables us to reveal how schooling functions to perpetuate negative freedom, to propose a universal ethic or moral vision for critical educational studies, and to engage in a critical humanizing praxis. Ultimately, the hope of this project is to show how a more complex understanding of freedom that centers a critical theory of love allows us to develop a pedagogical framework where education as the practice of positive freedom becomes synonymous with teaching as an ethic of love. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Avilés Herrera, Karen T1 - Análisis de la neurosis como resultado de la alienación al trabajo en el sistema capitalista en la obra de Erich Fromm, Bachelor thesis, Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador 2017, 73+4 pp. [https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/2969978] N2 - La relación del hombre con el trabajo es una problemática transversal a la historia humana, la deformación que ha atravesado esta actividad en los modos de producción que el hombre ha creado, hacen del contexto un factor determinante que aqueja la vida del hombre. Las relaciones que se establecen en torno al trabajo han sido analizadas y cuestionadas por un sin número de autores sin embargo, la perspectiva de Erich Fromm consigue entablar un diálogo entre dos vertientes teóricas que favorecen este análisis, el Marxsismo y el Psicoanálisis, con el fin de generar una visión más amplia del ser humano y encontrar las soluciones apropiadas al problema de su existencia. En este trabajo se realiza una investigación teórica sobre estos fenómenos individuales y sociales, con el fin de determinar la relación que existe entre la alienación en el trabajo y la constitución de la neurosis como categoría clínica en el marco del sistema capitalista. En este recorrido teórico se encontró que la alienación es la base estructural que determina las condiciones que impone el sistema capitalista sobre el trabajo y sobre los vínculos humanos, dando lugar a que el individuo degenere en una de las patologías psíquicas más comunes en la modernidad, la neurosis. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pacheco Richter, Ernesto T1 - Influências da psicanálise na constituição da Psicologia Política: Reich, Fromm e Adorno [Influences of psychoanalysis on the constitution of Political Psychology: Reich, Fromm and Adorno], Doctoral dissertation, Social Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paul, Brazil 2017, 161 pp., Portuguese. N2 - Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as influências da teoria psicanalítica no processo de constituição da Psicologia Política, como campo de pesquisa. Inicialmente, enfocamos os pensadores franceses Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde e Gustave Le Bon, cujas contribuições acerca das revoluções francesas sãorelevantes ao campo. Em contrapartida, apresentamos os autores anglófonos Graham Wallas e Harold Lasswell, pois suas reflexões aportam distintas perspectivas aos eventos políticos, porém, não menos significativas para a posterior institucionalização da Psicologia Política. Em seguida, os principais textos sociais de Freud, bem como os metapsicológicos, são abordados com o objetivo de analisar os elementos políticos subjacentes na teoria psicanalítica. Finalmente, apresentamos três autores, que no nosso entendimento, são essenciais à história do campo: ilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Theodor Adorno, cujo interesse principal era o estudo do autoritarismo. Por meio de uma análise crítica e reflexiva, buscamos mostrar as contribuições da psicanálise e como ela foi apropriada por esses autores. Esta pesquisa justifica-se por preencher uma lacuna na história da Psicologia Política e mostrar a relevância da psicanálise para o pensamento político, especialmente, durante e logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Além disso, é indubitável a atualidade desses autores, haja vista a crescente adesão ao discurso autoritário que se observa em pleno século XXI. N2 - This work aims to analyze the influences of psychoanalytic theory in the process of constitution of Political Psychology, as research field. Initially, we focus on French authors, such as, Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon, whose contributions regarding French revolutions are relevant to the field. On the other hand, we present the Anglophone authors Graham Wallas and Harold Lasswell, as their thoughts bring different perspectives to political events, but no less significant for the later institutionalization of Political Psychology. Afterwards, we analyze Freud’s social texts, as well as the meta-psychological ones, in order to elucidate the political elements underlying psychoanalytic theory. Finally, we present three authors we consider essential to the history of the field: Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Theodor Adorno, whose main interest was the study of authoritarianism. Through a critical and reflexive analysis, we show the contributions of psychoanalysis and how it was appropriated by these authors. This research is justified by filling a gap in the history of Political Psychology, and showing the relevance that psychoanalysis has had for political thought, especially during and shortly after World War II. Furthermore, the contributions of these authors are undoubtedly present, given the growing adherence to the authoritarian discourse observed in the 21st century. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Respati, Robertus Theo Elno T1 - Konsep being dalam >To Have Or To Be< Erich Fromm Concept of Being in >To Have Or To Be< Erich Fromm, Thesis (Undergraduate), Theology, Faculty of Philosophy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia 2017. repository.ukwms.ac.id/id/eprint/11002/1/ABSTRAK.pdf] - Only summary available. N2 - Penulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan penulis untuk merefleksikan situasi zaman dewasa ini. Penulis melihat bahwa situasi zaman dewasa ini semakin didominasi oleh keinginan untuk memiliki lebih. Keinginan ini sangat tidak masuk akal karena orang didorong untuk memiliki sesuatu yang sebenarnya bukan menjadi kebutuhannya. Bahkan, manusia modern cenderung mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan sesuatu yang mereka miliki. Tujuan hidup manusia direduksi hanya pada kenikmatan materi yang tiada habisnya. Pengaruh kapitalisme modern yang merasuk ke dalam semua aspek kehidupan manusia menjadi penyebab terjadinya situasi ini. Kehadiran kapitalisme mengubah orientasi manusia pada materi, apalagi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Manusia seolah bebas menentukan pilihan-pilihan dalam hidupnya. Namun, sebenarnya pilihan-pilihan tersebut telah ditentukan oleh sistem yang berlaku. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan manusia teralienasi dari kehidupannya. Konsumsi dan alienasi menjadi karakter yang utama di abad modern ini. Salah satu filsuf yang mengkritik situasi zaman ini ialah Erich Fromm. Ia mengajukan gagasannya tentang konsep being yang dibahas dalam >To Have or To Be< (1976). Rumusan masalah yang ingin dijawab dalam karya tulis ini ialah apa itu konsep being dalam >To Have or To Be< Erich Fromm. Pertanyaan ini dapat dijawab dengan menganalisa pemikiran Erich Fromm secara kritis dan sistematis. Dengan menjawab pertanyaan ini, penulis berharap agar skripsi ini dapat memberikan kritik sekaligus sumbangsih bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam karya tulis ini ialah studi pustaka dengan sumber utama dari buku >To Have or To Be< (1976) karya Erich Fromm. Dari hasil studi pustaka, penulis menemukan bahwa konsep being yang diajukan oleh Erich Fromm berkaitan dengan dua modus eksistensi manusia yaitu being dan having. Keduanya menentukan karakter sosial dan karakter individu manusia. Orientasi hidup manusia juga berakar dari kedua modus eksistensi tersebut. Manusia dapat menentukan pilihan untuk menjadi semakin being atau semakin having. Erich Fromm mendefiniskan being sebagai sebuah proses, aktivitas, dan gerak. Definisi ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan bukan sesuatu yang berhenti, tetapi terus berproses. Erich Fromm mengartikan being dalam dua pengertian. Pertama, being sebagai eksistensi yang berbeda dengan having. Being mencakup keseluruhan realitas manusia, sedangkan having hanya merujuk pada benda. Kedua, being sebagai melampaui sesuatu yang nampak. Artinya, manusia dapat menyembunyikan diri di balik penampilan fisik dan perilakunya. Dengan demikian, being lebih rumit dan kompleks dibandingkan dengan having karena ia bukan sesuatu yang nampak seperti benda. Selanjutnya, Erich Fromm menunjukkan sifat utama being yaitu aktif. Keaktifan diartikan bukan sebagai aktivitas fisik, tetapi aktivitas batin. Syarat being adalah mandiri, bebas, dan kritis. Dalam hal ini diperlukan penggunaan akal budi untuk dapat memahami realitas manusia secara lebih mendalam. Selain itu, relasi dengan sesama juga membantu mengungkapkan realitas hidup yang sebenarnya. Erich Fromm juga menunjukkan aspek dari being yaitu kemauan untuk memberi, berbagi, dan berkurban. Aspek being ini lebih banyak ditemukan dalam situasi perang dibandingkan situasi damai. Pemikiran Erich Fromm ini bermuara pada terwujudnya sebuah masyarakat baru yang disebut dengan masyarakat being. Dari masyarakat being inilah akan muncul manusia-manusia baru yang mendasarkan hidupnya pada being. Manusia baru ini tidak menggantungkan hidupnya pada benda, tetapi pada dirinya sendiri. Setiap tindakan yang dilakukan berangkat dari dalam dirinya, bukan dari luar dirinya. Masyarakat being mengarahkan manusia untuk dapat mencapai kebahagiaan sejati. Erich Fromm mengartikan kebahagiaan sejati sebagai sebuah proses bertumbuh dalam kehidupan ini. Penulis menemukan tiga relevansi dari konsep being Erich Fromm bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Pertama, modus eksistensi being menjadi jawaban atas situasi masyarakat yang cenderung didominasi oleh modus eksistensi having. Kedua, relasi menjadi syarat penting dalam memahami sebuah realitas khususnya dalam memilih pemimpin. Ketiga, pilihan atas modus eksistensi being membawa manusia kepada kebahagiaan sejati. Konsep being juga sangat relevan dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani. Hal ini dapat ditemukan dalam kutipan-kutipan kitab suci yang menekankan pentingnya menggantungkan diri bukan pada materi. N2 - The background of this paper is motivated by the desire of the author to reflect on the situation of today. The author sees that the situation of the present age is increasingly dominated by the desire to have more. This desire is very unreasonable because people are encouraged to have something that is not really his needs. In fact, modern humans tend to identify themselves with something they have. The purpose of human life is reduced only to the endless pleasures of matter. The influence of modern capitalism that permeates all aspects of human life is responsible for this situation. The presence of capitalism alters the human orientation of matter, especially with the increasingly sophisticated technological development. Humans apparently seem to be free to make choices in life. But in fact these choices have been determined by the prevailing system. This is what causes humans to be alienated from life. Consumption and alienation became the main characteristics in this modern age. One of the philosophers who criticize the present-day situation is Erich Fromm. He proposed his idea of the concept of being discussed in >To Have or To Be< (1976). The formulation of the problem to be answered in this paper is what is the concept of being in >To Have or To Be< Erich Fromm. This question can be answered by analyzing Erich Fromm's thinking critically and systematically. By answering this question, the author hopes that this thesis can provide criticism as well as contribution to society today. The method used in this paper is literature study with the main source of Erich Fromm's >To Have or To Be< (1976) book. From the results of literature study, the authors found that the concept of being proposed by Erich Fromm relates to two modes of human existence of being and having. Both determine the social character and individual human character. The orientation of human life also stems from both modes of existence. Humans can make choices between more and more being or more and more having. Erich Fromm defines being as a process, activity, and movement. This definition shows that life is not something unchangeable, but continues to proceed. Erich Fromm defines being in two senses. First, being as a different existence fromm having. Being encompasses the whole human reality, while having only refers to things. Second, being as beyond what is apparent. That is, humans can hide behind their physical appearance and behavior. Thus, being is more complex and difficult than having because it refers to thing. Furthermore, Erich Fromm shows the main nature of being active. Activity is defined not as a physical activity, but an inner activity. The requirement of being is independence, freedom, and the presence of critical reason. In this case it is necessary to use reason to be able to understand the reality of man more deeply. In addition, relationships with others also help reveal the realities of life. Erich Fromm also shows the aspect of being: the will to give, to share, and to sacrifice. This aspect is more prevalent in war situations than in a peaceful situation. Erich Fromm's thinking leads to the realization of a new society called the society of being. From this being society, it will emerge new man beings who base their live on being. This new man does not depend his life on things, but on himself. Every action taken departs from within himself, not from outside himself. Society is leading people to achieve true happiness. Erich Fromm refers to true happiness as a proses of ever-growing aliveness. The author discovers three relevances of the Erich Fromm’s concept of being for society today. First, the mode of existence becomes the answer to a society’s situation which tends to be dominated by the existence of having mode. Second, relationships become important conditions in understanding a particular reality in choosing a leader. Third, the choice of the existence of being mode brings human to true happiness. The concept of being is also highly relevant to Christian values. This can be found in scriptural quotations that emphasize the importance of being self-reliance instead of relying on matter. Y1 - 2017 ER -