TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Mengting T1 - Ethical Diagnosis of Morbid Society – A Study on Fromm's Ethics Thought of >Sound Society< [病态社会的伦理诊断 –弗洛姆《健全的社会》的伦理思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2017. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆是二十世纪著名的哲学家、心理学家,也是法兰克福学派的第二代重要成员。他的研究领域十分宽泛,在各领域都建树颇丰,其中最值得一提的也是贯穿他多部著作的一个重要思想是健全伦理思想,在他的《健全的社会》一书中得到最为完整的体现。本文首先从伦理背景、伦理分析和理论构架的逻辑线索展开,力图全面展现弗洛姆健全社会思想的总体概貌。在此基础上,本文以健全社会伦理动机和病态与健全的意涵解析作为逻辑起点,深入分析人性、人的生存所面临两难困境、人的本质、人的社会需求,并着重分析了作为个体与社会之间中介的社会性格,其后,分析由于人的生存需要被抑制,导致了社会性格的异化,以及异化所呈现出病态人格和病态社会的样态,进而诊断西方社会的病态的根源。在此基础上,探讨了弗洛姆如何尝试构建健全社会的路径——讨论了以往的实践失败原因,提出评判健全社会的伦理标准,并且从伦理视域提出了经济变革、政治变革和文化变革的设想及其实践方略。弗洛姆《健全的社会》的伦理思想,一方面,为我们审视资本主义社会的种种弊病提供了新的视角;另一方面,也为我们发展马克思主义提供了新的研究视域。弗洛姆关注人,将人的重要性置于其研究的重心,对我们倡导以人为本的社会主义核心价值观以及正在进行的各项改革具有深刻的启示性。 N2 - Erich Fromm was a famous psychologist and philosopher and sociologist in twentieth century, he was also an important member of Western Marxist and Franck school. His research field is very wide and made a great contribution to the theorists, which must be mentioned is his ethical theory in sane society thoughts throughout his many works. This theory has got most complete embodiment in The Sane Society. This paper starts from the ethical background analysis, theoretical framework as the logic route, try to show complete picture of Fromm’s sane social thought. On this basis, this paper is use the social ethical motivations and pathological and sane implications as a logical starting point, in-depth analysis of people’s human nature, social needs, and especially analyze the social personality as the intermediary between the individual and society. Afterwards, elaborate morbid personality and morbid society, especially the alienation, thus diagnose the pathological source of western society. In this book, Fromm’s attempt is to find a path on how to build a sound social. On the one hand, Fromm provides a new angle of view as we look at the disadvantages of capitalist society. On the other hand, he also provides a new research horizon for us to develop Marxism. Fromm focuses on human being, take the importance of human being as the main emphasis of its research. It has profoundly important revelatory for advocating our people-oriented socialism core value and the ongoing reform. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Yinglei T1 - From Negative Freedom to Positive Freedom – The Theme of John Wayne's Novel from Fromm’s Perspective [从消极的自由到积极的自由 – 从弗洛姆自由观看约翰•韦恩小说主题]Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 本论文以弗洛姆关于>积极自由<的理论阐发为基点,以对二战后英国现状介绍为背景,以对约翰•韦恩《每况愈下》、《叛逆年代》两部作品中主人公探求和实现自由的蜕变过程为研究对象,深入解读了兰姆利和杰里米作为>愤怒青年<的代表实现自由的历程。研究试图表明:对抗社会的激进行为并不能带来所谓的>自由<,而只有劳动和爱才能跨越狭隘的自我园囿,实现真正的精神自由。本文共分为五部分:第一章为导论,介绍了二战后的英国社会现状,并简述了英国20世纪50年代以约翰•韦恩为代表的>愤怒的青年<作家及其作品以及本论文的研究目的及研究意义。第二章为文献综述,分析了国内外对约翰•韦恩《每况愈下》、《叛逆年代》两部作品的研究现状。本章也对艾里希•弗洛姆的自由理论进行了介绍。第三章详细解读了在巨大的压力下,《每况愈下》的主人公兰姆利、《叛逆年代》的主人公杰里米通过逃避责任、反抗中产阶级文化教育以及违背传统道德的偏激行为来追求自由。然而这种弗洛姆称之为>消极的自由<的激进行为并没有带给他们精神上的解脱,反而带来了无尽的空虚与孤独。第四章主要研究了主人公如何通过自发的爱与劳动重新建立起与世界的纽带,重新获得了真正的自我和归属感.他们最终找到了真正的自由之路,实现了 >积极的自由<。第五章对本论文进行了总结,得出结论:激进行为所带来的>消极的自由<不能缓解人的孤独与无助感,只有回归真实的生活,通过自发的爱与劳动重新建立起与世界的纽带,才能获得幸福感与归属感,实现>积极的自由<。 N2 - Based on Fromm’s theory of freedom, with post-war British society as the background, this thesis aims at making a research on protagonists’ road to freedom in John Wain’s >Hurry on Down< and >Strike the Father Dead<, analyzing the realization of freedom of Lumley and Jeremy who are typical angry young men. This study attempts to indicate that the radical behaviors against society cannot lead to co-called freedom; only work and love can break narrow personal bondage, leading to a true spiritual freedom. This thesis consists of five parts: The first chapter is introduction, which introduces the post-war British society, >Angry Young Men< and their works, John Wain and his works and the purpose and significance of this paper.– Chapter two is literature review about the John Wain’s Hurry on Down and Strike the Father Dead. In addition, Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom is also mentioned in this chapter.– Chapter three makes an examination of Lumley and Jeremy’s pursuit of freedom under repression through a series of radical behaviors including escaping responsibility, rebelling against middle-class culture, education and traditional morality. However, these radical behaviors which are >negative freedom< called by Fromm can not lead to their liberation in spirit; on the contrary, it caused deeper sense of loneliness and emptiness.– Chapter four focuses on how the heroes awaken after disillusion and establish the connection with the world by spontaneous love and work and regain the sense of self and belonging. Eventually they find the right road to freedom and realize >positive freedom<.– Chapter five draws a conclusion of this thesis: >negative freedom< caused by radical behaviors could not reduce the loneliness and helplessness of modern people; only by returning to the real life and establishing a tie to the world with spontaneous love and work, can they get the sense of happiness and belonging and achieve the quest for >positive freedom<. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Mei T1 - The Spiritual Crisis of Contemporary American Intellectuals in >Herzog< [论《赫索格》中美国当代知识分子的精神困境], Master thesis, Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan 2017 [ application of Fromm's Theories to art]. N2 - 当代美国杰出的小说家索尔?贝娄(1915-2005),二战后美国犹太裔小说家,诺贝尔文学奖获得者。贝娄的代表作《赫索格》(1964)展现了主人公摩西赫索格五天旅行中的混乱的思绪,苦闷与迷茫,追寻于探索,精神受难。真实地再现了美国当代知识分子在现代社会中的挫败感、迷茫、对人生意义的追寻与自我调整。国内外学者多用存在主义、女性主义、原型批评等相关理论对小说进行分析,很少有人从认知诗学及弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析视角解读该小说的主题。该研究以长篇小说《赫索格》为研究对象,运用认知诗学中心理空间理论和弗洛姆的人本精神分析理论,探讨《赫索格》中的主人公赫索格的婚姻危机、事业危机、自我身份危机。通过文本细读,本论文综合分析赫索格的心理空间的意义构建、美国现代知识分子的生活与学术困境、后现代性中的>精神分裂<现象,追踪主人公的心路历程。首先,论文从心理空间理论入手,突出故事的后现代语境、主人公与社会之间的裂隙,强调赫索格是有一定思想深度与独立见解的美国当代知识分子。从他对真理的追求与信念、他自身的弱点,勾勒出晚期资本主义社会所造成的>人生的空虚<、人性的扭曲,以及主人公形象所具有的普遍性与意义。该研究借用弗洛姆的人本精神分析理论,追踪赫索格走出精神困境的路径。论文指出,赫索格具有复杂的精神诉求:既渴望集体生活又与社会疏离,既要有确定的身份又拒绝身份的羁绊,既要求人际关系的平等又追求与众不同。他的人生充满了无奈与无力感,但他依旧有知识的深厚积淀、对社会的深刻洞察力、强烈的家庭责任感。种种人生起伏,恰恰成就了他的优秀品质与自我身份。最后,赫索格在通过写信释放自我,回归本真,及亲朋的关爱及大自然的精神滋养下,改善人际关系,拥抱生活,走出了精神困境。研究发现了赫索格的心理空间的意义构建以及他所代表的美国现代知识分子的精神困境。文本再现了美国现代大众社会对>知识分子的自我<的消解,试图为赫索格找一条既不逃避现实又保持个性独立的理想道路,体现了作者对生命意义的追求。对文本的心理空间分析表明,赫索格与他人、与社会的互动,是人类(尤其是美国当代知识分子)生活的常态。当代知识分子能够在各种消解自我的压力下幸存并维持知识分子的良知,其实维系着人类社会的光明与未来。赫索格的精神危机,反映了社会经济发展过程中带来的社会成员的精神危机。因此,为身处同样经济飞速发展的当代中国人,提供借鉴。 N2 - Saul Bellow (1915–2005), an eminent contemporary American novelist, won extraordinarily great literary achievements in his life and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Bellow’s masterpiece >Herzog< (1964) demonstrates the sense of frustration, confusion, quest for the meaning of life and self-adjustment of the contemporary American intellectuals in the society. Many scholars at home and abroad carried out analyses about the novel from the theories of existentialism, feminism, archetypal criticism and other suitable theories, but there have been few analyses to explore the themes of the novel from the perspective of cognitive poetics and Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis. By closely reading the text, this thesis takes Herzog as research subject, synthetically analyzes the features of Herzog’s mental world, the dilemmas in American contemporary intellectuals’ life and academic activities, the postmodern schizophrenic phenomenon, and traces the protagonist’s journey of soul. The research attempts to analyze the text from the perspective of Mental Space Theory by foregrounding its post-modern context and the protagonist’s disjuncture from society, emphasizing that Herzog is a contemporary American intellectual with in-depth thought and independent views. From his pursuit of truth and faith and his own weaknesses, this research sketches the contours of the sense of emptiness, the distortion of human nature caused by capitalist society, and the universal meaning in the image of the protagonist. Drawing on Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis, simultaneously the thesis traces the ways of Herzog’s self-redemption, analyzing Herzog’s marital crisis, career crisis, crisis of his self. As the thesis points out, Herzog has a complex spiritual quest. He longs for the community life but is alienated from society;he desires for clear identity but refuses to the fetters of identity; he wants interpersonal equality but pursues to be out of the ordinary. His life is full of helplessness and powerlessness, but he still has a large accumulation of knowledge, profound perception of the society, and strong sense of family responsibility. All the ups and downs in his life just bring out his good qualities and his self-identity. And finally, it proves that Herzog walked out of his spirit dilemma with the release of the Self, the care from his family and friends as well as the spiritual nurture from Nature so that a healthy relationship with the Self, the society and the world is built. The research makes a summary of the features of Herzog’s mental space and spiritual predicament of American intellectuals represented by Herzog. It holds the following opinions: First, the text represents the dissolution of the intellectuals’ selves by contemporary massive society, tries to find out an ideal way of both being in reality and keeping one’s individuality, and embodying the author’s quest for the meaning of life; second, the analysis of mental world shows that the interactions between Herzog, people around him and the society is actually the normalcy of human beings, especially contemporary American intellectuals; third, it is not easy for contemporary intellectuals to sustain their conscience under the various pressures of self-dissolution. Their efforts are actually the foundation for human bright future. Herzog’s spiritual crisis reflects spiritual crisis of social members brought in the process of social economic development. Therefore, this thesis provides reference for the contemporary Chinese who are experiencing the rapid economic development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jensen, Walter A. T1 - Erich Fromm's Contribution to Sociological Theory, Kalamazoo (Printmill), 2017, 236 pp. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lenherr, Marc T1 - Die humanistische Ethik von Erich Fromm als normativer Bezugspunkt für die Soziale Arbeit, Bachelor-Arbeit an der Fachhochschule St. Gallen, St. Gallen 2017, 60 pp. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Santos Morín, David T1 - El territorio como factor científico para la práctica del método sociopsicoanalítico de Erich Fromm y Michael Maccoby en el desarrollo del psicoanálisis (México, 1940-1949), BA-Thesis at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Philosophia y Letras, Mexico 2017, 45 pp. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pereira Perez, Eden Jorge T1 - The feminine character. The culture of violence in society and against women. Dissertation at the Humanist University of the Americas, Santa Maria (Brasil), 2017, 200 pp. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mehlmann, Julia T1 - Jugend ohne Politik? Eine qualitative Untersuchung der jugendlichen Vorstellung von Politik im Generationenvergleich. Forschungsprojekt im MA an der Zeppelin-Universität Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen 2017, 89 pp. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sudati Silva, Marize Cristina T1 - Self-esteem and Human potential development. Dissertation at the Humanist University of the Americas, Santa Maria (Brasil), 2017, 147 pp. N2 - The objective of this scientific research work is to develop the theme >Self - esteem and Development of Human Potential< in a psychoanalytical perspective. Within this proposal we intend to show the importance of this attribute in the life of the people mentioning the advantages of a healthy self-esteem as well as the losses of a deficit self-esteem. We will be discussing and evaluating the social influences in the formation and conservation of self-esteem, revealing that it is not born with the subject, but is formed through the first bonds and strengthened as the child finds favorable environments for its healthy development. We will look at the fact that every impression or internalized belief about inferiority comes from the interpretation of reality or the fantasy of rejection and abandonment, and that excesses or frustrations in excess in early childhood leave narcissistic wounds that can result in the existential void with reflection in the self esteem. We must prove that people with healthy self-esteem will be more courageous, bold, and confident, increasing the likelihood of being more assertive in their choices. We will look at the fact that there is enormous potential within each human being ready to be unveiled and utilized and the fertile ground by which the potential can manifest and develop is self-esteem. Finally, we must conclude that, in addition to being a daily achievement, self-esteem can be rescued at any moment, provided that one has a conscience, desire, attitude of change, courage and discipline. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dong, Yun T1 - The Research of Information Alienation in We-media Era [自媒体时代的信息异化现象研究], Master thesis, Principles of Marxism, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 随着智能手机上网功能的便捷化和互联网Web2.0技术的全面普及,以微博、博客、微信、QQ为主要内容的自媒体平台迅速发展,互联网信息传播进入了一个崭新的时代,即自媒体时代。自媒体因其操作简易、信息传播迅速、去中心化、自主化等特点,日益成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分。但伴随着网络自媒体技术的迅猛发展,由于技术本身的因素、人的特性以及社会环境的多重影响,借助于自媒体平台传递的信息逐渐出现了异化现象,这给人们的学习、工作和生活带来了不少负面影响。因此,通过剖析自媒体时代信息异化的表征,摸清信息异化的根源,最终找到消除信息异化的基本对策,是当下亟待解决的问题。本文立足于自媒体时代这个大背景,从探究自媒体时代信息异化呈现的显著特点入手,全面深刻地分析了信息异化产生的根源,并从多个视角提出了一系列具体的解决措施,以便能为顺利消解自媒体时代信息异化问题提供新的思路和新的方法。全文共分为六部分:文章绪论部分依次介绍了论文的研究背景、研究目的与意义、研究成果及不足、研究方法与创新点。第二部分对>异化<、>信息异化<、>自媒体<等相关概念做了厘定,主要阐明了霍布斯、黑格尔、费尔巴哈、马克思、卢卡奇、马尔库塞、弗洛姆等西方学者的异化思想。第三部分从信息本身、人与信息之间的关系、人与人之间的关系以及人本身四个方面阐述了自媒体时代信息异化现象的特征,具体有信息异化造成信息污染,加速主体性丧失,引发利益冲突,扭曲心理人格这四个表征。第四部分论述了自媒体时代信息异化产生的技术、主体和社会等根源。文章首先对技术理性和技术模式进行了批判,其次分析了思维的非至上性、认知的扭曲、价值观的偏差、本我实现心理等主体原因,最后揭露了社会竞争激烈、信息规范制度缺位、人文精神的失落、国际自由主义思潮的涌入等社会因素。第五部分从技术控制、主体自觉和社会规制这三个方面分别阐明扬弃自媒体时代信息异化的基本对策。结语部分总结了论文整体研究思路,对自身研究不足进行反思,并对日后研究进行展望。 N2 - With the convenience of smartphone Internet access and the popularity of Internet Web2.0 technology, the media platform is developing rapidly, such as >micro-blog<, >blog>, >WeChat< and >QQ<. Internet information transmission has entered a new era, that is, the We-media age. We-media has become an indispensable part of people’s daily life because of it is simple, rapid, scattered and automatic. However, with the rapid development of network media technology, due to the multiple factors of the technology, the characteristics of people and the social environment, information passed on the We-media platform gradually appeared alienation. It brings about many negative impacts to people’s study, work and life. Therefore, we must find out the source of information alienation through analyzing the characterization of information alienation in the We-media era, finally find out the basic countermeasures that can eliminate information alienation. Based on the background of the We-media age, this paper analyzes the origin of information alienation from the obvious characteristics of information alienation in the We-media age. And a series of effective solutions from multiple perspectives are put forward for the smooth digestion of information alienation in the We-media age. The paper includes six parts.– Introduction part introduces successively the research background, the purpose, the significance, research results and disadvantages, the research method and the innovation.– The second section defines the concepts of alienation, information alienation and We-media. It mainly illustrates a series of western scholars thought, such as Hobbes, Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Lukács, Marcuse, Fromm’s.– We elaborate the characteristics of information alienation in the We-media age by studying the information, the relationship between people and information, the relationship between people and people themselves in third section. It shows that information alienation causes pollution information, accelerates the loss of subjectivity, triggers a conflict of interest, distorts personality.– The fourth section discusses the origin of information alienation in the We-media age, such as technology, subject and society and so on. It criticizes the technology rationality and technology model firstly. It secondly analyzed the thinking non-supreme, cognitive distortions, the deviation of values, self-actualization psychology. It reveals the social furious competition, the loss of information standard system, the loss of humanistic spirit, the influx of international liberalism ideological trend in the end.– The fifth part clarifies the basic countermeasures for information alienation in the We-media era in the aspect of technical control, subject consciousness and social regulation.– Conclusion part summarizes the paper overall research thought, reflects on the lack of research, forecasts research in the future. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Du, Kunyao T1 - The Accepted Study of Fromm Thought in the Chinese Literature Circles [弗洛姆思想中国文学界接受研究], Master thesis, Arts, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2017 [application of Fromm's thories to art]. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1890~1980)是>新弗洛伊德主义<的创始人,是法兰克福学派的代表人和具有世界性影响的精神分析学家、心理学家、社会学家、伦理学家等,其思想非常多元,横跨领域宽广,在西方一直受到很大的肯定与赞誉。从上世纪60年代起,弗洛姆及其思想从西方逐渐涌入中国,在这半个多世纪中,激起了两次弗洛姆的热潮,为中国文学界带来了重要的影响。纵观弗洛姆涌入中国的时间长河,时而波涛汹涌,时而暗流攒动,其思想和著作在中国文学界的发展可谓一波三折。本文从以下五个层面依次展开论述:第一章论述了弗洛姆的核心思想以及其在中国文学界的接受语境。第一节从弗洛姆在中国译介出版的几部最受欢迎的著作入手,试着总结和概括出传播到中国的弗洛姆思想的核心内容。第二节则着重梳理弗洛姆的思想在中国的接受语境。一种外来的思想理论的传入,必定要适应当下的时代和学术语境,从上世纪60年代至今,中国文学界的时代与学术语境发生了深刻的变化,弗洛姆思想的传播和接受状况与这些语境息息相关。第二章论述了弗洛姆思想在中国文学界传播与接受的走向。第一节论述弗洛姆在中国文学界传播的开端,弗洛姆在20世纪60年代首次传入,并被批判为修正主义的人道主义。第二部分是传播的转折期,主要时间分期是20世纪70年代末至80年代,一场>关于人道主义和异化问题<的大讨论让弗洛姆再次被认可,中国文学界对弗洛姆的大量著作进行集中的译介和出版。第三部分论述弗洛姆在中国传播的低谷期。在90年代,国人对于西方文论的狂热渐渐冷却,对弗洛姆的研究也处于相对停滞期。第四部分是传播的兴盛期,主要时间段是21世纪初至今。在这个时间段内,弗洛姆的大部分著作已传入中国并日趋成熟,各种著作的版本也不断翻新,这也进一步促进了弗洛姆思想在中国文学界以及国民大众中传播与接受。第三章主要论述了中国文学界对弗洛姆思想的接受状况。笔者选取了中国文学界中一百篇谈及弗洛姆的核心期刊论文,根据接受的弗洛姆思想,将这种接受按内容分为五个部分:人本主义精神分析批评的中国文学界接受、社会批判理论的中国文学界接受、>人<的问题思想的中国文学界接受、>爱<的问题思想的中国文学界接受、其他理论的中国文学界接受。笔者整理一百篇核心期刊论文在每一部分的数量,并简要分析了这些论文分别从不同的角度接受的弗洛姆思想,最后总结出每一部分的特点。第四章论述了弗洛姆思想中国接受的本土化特点。第一节简要地分析了中国文学界对弗洛姆思想的中国接受的因素。首先是意识形态的影响,其次有学界理论应用的因素,最后是受众心理的需要。这三个因素共同对弗洛姆思想在中国文学界的传播和接受产生重要影响。第二节笔者反思了中国文学界对弗洛姆思想的接受,笔者认为,接受者作为主体,应该更加自觉地接受弗洛姆,而不是被动地为我所用,其次,接受者也要有自己的批判维度,对弗洛姆进行审视之后加之自己的判断。在结束语中,笔者还提出了几点看到的问题,希望对中国文学界进一步接受和研究弗洛姆思想有所帮助 N2 - Erich Fromm (1990-280) is the founder of >New Freudianism<, representative of the Frankfurt School and a psychoanalyst, psychologist, sociologist, ethicist etc. His ideas are very diverse, wide across the field, which has been a great affirmation and praise in the West. From the 1960s, Fromm and his thoughts from the west gradually swarm into China. In this half a century, his thoughts provoked two waves and has brought important influence to the Chinese literary community. Throughout the period of the introduction of Fromm in China, it is sometimes raining and sometimes undercurrent. His ideas and writings in the development of Chinese literature can be described as twists and turns. This paper starts from the following five aspects: The first chapter discusses the core idea of Fromm and its acceptance context in Chinese literary circles.– The first section begins with the most popular works published by Fromm in Chinese translation and tries to summarize the core content of the Fromm thought spread to China.– The second section focuses on the thought in China’s acceptance context. The introduction of a foreign thought theory must be adapted to the present era and academic context. From the 1960s to the present, the era and academic context of the Chinese literary circles have undergone profound changes. Acceptance is relevant to these contexts. The second chapter discusses the direction of the spread and acceptance of Fromm thought in Chinese literary circles.– The first section deals with the beginning of the spread of Fromm in the Chinese literary world. The first time in the 1960s, Fromm was criticized as revisionist humanitarianism. – The second part is the transition period. The second part is the transition period. In the late of 1970s to the 1980s, a big discussion named >the issue of humanitarian and alienation< allow Fromm again recognized. Chinese literary circles focus on the translation and publication of a large number of works by Fromm.– The third part deals with the low trough of the spread of Fromm in China. In the 1990s, the frenzy of Western literary theory gradually cooled, and the study of Fromm was also in a relatively stagnant period. The fourth part is the spread of the prosperous period; the time is the beginning of the 21th century so far. Throughout this period, most of the works of Fromm have been introduced into China and matured, and the versions of works have been refurbished, which has further promoted the spread and acceptance of Fromm in Chinese literary circles and the national public. The third chapter mainly discusses the acceptance of Fromm thought in Chinese literary circles. The author chooses one hundred of the Chinese literary circles to talk about Fromm core journals, according to the accepted Fromm thought content, this acceptance is divided into five parts by content: humanistic psychoanalysis and criticism accepted by the Chinese literary circles, the theory of social criticism accepted by the Chinese literary circles, the >people< problem accepted by the Chinese literary circles, the >love< problem accepted by the Chinese literary circles and other theories accepted by the Chinese literary circles. The author summarizes the number of core journals in each part of each hundred papers, and briefly analyzes the essay respectively from different angles to accept the Fromm thought, and finally summed up the characteristics of each part. The fourth chapter discusses the localized characteristics of Fromm thought.– The first section briefly analyzes the factors that China’s literary circles accept in China. The first is the influence of ideology, followed by the application of academic theory factors, and finally the needs of the audience psychological. These three factors together have a significant influence on the spread and acceptance of Fromm thought in Chinese literary circles.– In the second section, the author reverts the acceptance of the Chinese literary circles to the Fromm thought. The author thinks that the recipient should be more consciously accepting Fromm, rather than passively for me. Secondly, the recipients should have their own critical dimension of the study after the addition of their own judgments.– In the concluding remarks, the author also made a few points to see the problem, hoping to further accept and study the Chinese literary community to help the study of the history of Fromm. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Duan, Jingjing T1 - A Comparative Study of Fromm’s and Baudrillard’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆与鲍德里亚异化理论的比较研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2017. N2 - 异化问题是现代社会发展进程中不可忽视的。西方资本主义国家经济的快速发展,社会财富的增加,人们的物质生存条件得到提高,但在精神方面陷入了异化的困境。现代社会错综复杂,异化现象被隐藏的很深使人们难以辨别。社会的新变化带来的是更深层的异化。我国作为发展中国家,同样存在着异化问题,并且在今后的发展中也同样会遭到西方国家的这种情况,所以,为了我国能够在进行中国特色社会主义建设时,少走发达国家的弯路,对异化进行全面、深层的探讨还是很有必要的。近现代异化领域中影响力较大的有弗洛姆和鲍德里亚的异化理论,对两者异化理论的比较可以为研究异化提供新的视角,丰富并发展马克思的异化思想,拓宽人们分析问题的思维。文章主要由四部分组成:第一部分先叙述了异化在西方历史上的演变,让人们能够清楚地了解异化的发展,为文章主题部分奠定基础。此外,还分别对形成弗洛姆和鲍德里亚的异化理论的背景作了概述,以便能够更好地理解两人的异化思想。第二部分主要是论述了两者异化理论的共同点,马克思的异化理论是两者异化理论的共同来源,导致异化的物质前提是相同的,异化给人带来的伤害也是一样的。第三部分先分析了两者异化理论的差异,并对其差异作了原因分析,两者异化理论的差异分别从剖析异化的视角、人的主观能动性及在各领域的表现方式这三方面进行分析的,并且也剖析了产生差异的原因。第四部分主要是评析了弗洛姆与鲍德里亚异化理论的比较研究所带来的理论意义和现实价值。 N2 - Alienation problem cannot be ignored in the process of modern society. The rapid development of economy of the western capitalist countries, the increase of social wealth, These makes people’s material living conditions improved, but people got trapped in the alienation’s dilemma in the aspect of spirit. The complicated modern society has alienation phenomenon be hidden deeply, it makes people invisible. The new changes of the society have the alienation deep. as a developing country, our country exists the alienation problem also, and in the future development we will also meet this kind of situation of western countries, therefore. Our country goes less detours of developed countries in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a comprehensive and deep discussion about alienation is necessary. Especially Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory has the great influence in the field of modern alienation, comparing the their alienation theory can provide a new Angle for the study of alienation, enriching and developing the research of Marx’s alienation. Widen the people thinking to analyze the problem. The paper mainly has four parts: the first part described the evolution of alienation in western history, let people can clearly understand the development of alienation, lay the ground for the article subject parts. In addition, respectively described Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory of the background, to better understand Their alienation theory. The second part mainly discusses their alienation theory’s common point, Their theory is based on the Marx’s theory of alienation, leading to alienation of material premise is the same, the alienation brings the same damage to the person. The third part analyzes the difference of alienation theory and makes the differences’ cause analyze, their theory of alienation differences have three aspects: the Angle of anatomy of alienation, people’s subjective initiative and in all areas of expression and analyze the causes of differences. The fourth part : the comparative study of Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory has theoretical significance and brings real value. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mei, Linghan T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Thought of >The Sane Society< [弗洛姆>健全社会<思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >健全社会<思想是弗洛姆人性理论的重要组成部分,该思想是弗洛姆对二十世纪资本主义社会反思的理论成果。西方社会在创造出丰裕物质财富的同时,也造成了人们精神的失衡以及众多的社会问题。病态的西方社会引起了弗洛姆的高度关注,他致力于探究现实社会与社会中的人,关注人的本质、需要、心理与性格等重大问题,试图重塑不健全和非人性化的资本主义社会,构建>健全社会<。对这一思想的研究,有助于我们深入了解当代资本主义社会的现状与本质,以客观理性的态度看待人与社会的发展问题,进而正确处理当代中国发展中遇到的问题。论文主要包括以下内容:首先,说明弗洛姆>健全社会<思想产生的时代背景与思想渊源,这是>健全社会<思想体系形成的基础;其次,从人的存在方式的异化、社会性格的异化、社会精神的失衡三个层面入手,揭示资本主义社会的种种异化;再次,从经济、政治、心理三个层面剖析不健全社会的生成根源,深入挖掘不健全社会的生成机制;最后,论述弗洛姆>健全社会<的理论构想与>健全社会<的实现路径。弗洛姆>健全社会<思想具有重要的理论贡献及现实意义表现为:建构了独具特色的人性伦理思想体系;促进了人本主义精神分析学说和西方马克思主义理论的发展;提供了批判现实资本主义社会的新视角;为我国全面建设小康社会提供了重要的现实参考意义。当然,这一思想也有其理论的局限性,主要表现为其人本主义心理学的理论倾向以及>健全社会<构想的乌托邦色彩。 N2 - >The Sane Society< thought is an important part of Fromm’s theory of human nature, which reflects Fromm’s deep analysis of the capitalist society in twentieth Century. Although western society created abundant material wealth, but with the economic prosperity of a contrast is that people’s mental imbalance, prominent social problems. Sick of Western society caused the attention of Fromm’s that Fromm’s life energy concern in the reality of society and social, to study the major issues of human nature, needs, psychological and character, shouldering the historical mission of remodeling at present is not perfect and dehumanization of capitalist society, the ultimate goal is to achieve >The Sane Society<. By Erich Fromm’s >The Sane Society< theory research, help to our in-depth understanding of the current situation and essence of contemporary capitalist society; help to our objective and rational attitude to look at the development of man and society; help us to correctly handle the issues encountered in the development of contemporary China. This paper mainly includes the following contents. Specifically, this thesis first studies the historical background and ideological origin of Fromm’s >The Sane Society<, which is the foundation of the formation of >The Sane Society< thought system. Secondly, various sound performances of capitalist society, specific from the three aspects of human existence alienation, social character of alienation, social and spiritual imbalance to discuss contemporary capitalist society is not perfect performance. Then through the western society is not perfect performance, dig the cause of social reality is not perfect, respectively from the social economic, political, psychological, and three level analysis is not perfect social origin. Finally, put forward the theoretical conception and the way to realize the >The Sane Society<. This study found that Erich Fromm’s >The Sane Society< thoughts have important theoretical contributions and realistic significance. For example, established the unique human nature theory; promoted the development of the humanistic psychoanalysis theory and the western Marxism theory; provides a new perspective in the criticizing capitalist social irregularity; for our country comprehensive construction well-off society provides an important reference significance of reality. Of course, this thought also has its theoretical limitations, mainly for its humanistic psychology and the theory of the >The Sane Society< concept of Utopian color. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Yue T1 - A Study of Alienation Theme in >The Man of the Crowd< [《人群中的人》异化主题分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃德加•爱伦•坡是19世纪美国杰出的小说家、诗人和文学评论家,是美国文学界最具世界影响的作家之一。同时,他也是美国文学史上最有争议的作家之一。进入20世纪以来,爱伦•坡作为美国浪漫主义时期的作家引起了现代派的极大的关注和兴趣,各批评流派都从不同的角度来审视他和他的作品。爱伦•坡的《人群中的人》不同于他被众人熟知的侦探小说、哥特小说、恐怖小说,是爱伦•坡最具现代意识的小说,也被认为是那个时代最出色的艺术品。作品中透视出来的异化现象,值得深一步的探索与研究。本文拟借助马克思劳动异化理论、弗洛姆的心理异化理论以及文学作品中异化观点的应用,对爱伦•坡具有自传性质的小说《人群中的人》进行分析。对穿梭于伦敦大街小巷的形形色色的人群做了细致的描写,也通过他对城市人群孤独、虚无的内心世界的描绘,对叙述者与追逐对象踪动机的探寻,折射异化这一社会现象产生的严酷的影响,表现了人类在现代工业文明笼罩之下人性被扭曲和异化之后所衍生出的精神空虚、情感孤寂的精神状态,呼吁人们要重视人类的生存状态,彰显了作者对人类生存困境和发展危机的深刻焦虑和人文关怀,为走出异化的迷途,构建和谐社会而努力。论文包括引言、正文、结论三大部分。引言介绍国内外对爱伦•坡《人群中的人》这一作品的研究现状,从而体现本文的创新之处。正文部分为论文主题部分,拟分为四章。第一章为介绍理论。在整个异化理论的起源和发展分析中,主要集中在马克思的异化劳动和弗洛姆的异化的心理分析上。此外,在这一部分论文还对文学中异化主题及与人群中的人这一作品进行了概括性分析。第二章分析人群中的人这一作品中的异化主体的体现,是论文的最主要部分。论文把马克思劳动异化理论、弗洛姆的心理异化理论与具体作品进行结合分析。阐述作品中的老人与人群、人群与自然、社会以及老人自身的异化关系。第三章分析了《人群中的人》中异化产生的原因。主要包括社会环境影响、作者爱伦坡的生平经历对主人公异化的影响、关爱的缺失、归属感和安全感的缺失、以及自我认知不清。第四章根据之前的分析,提炼出异化的结果,这些危害性结果在作品及当代社会都有所显现。在异化无法消除的情况下,针对其产生原因及结果提出一些抑制异化危害的措施。最后一部分是结论部分。概括论文主要观点,点明主旨,并结合文章的分析,揭示出本论文研究的现实意义。随着异化现象越来越普遍的情况下,透彻的了解无论是文学作品或是显示社会中的异化,都有助于减轻其不良影响。希望本篇文章能够给致力于研究异化理论和埃德加•爱伦•坡的文学爱好者提供参考和借鉴,并为现实社会中减轻异化危害,提供一些行之有效的建议,从而走出异化的生活困境。 N2 - Edgar Allan Poe is an outstanding American writer, poet and literary critic in 19th century and is regarded as the most influential and most controversial one in American literary history. As a representative writer of American Romantic period, Poe causes great attention and interests in 20th century. His literature works are explored and studied by various schools and in different perspectives. Different from his widely acknowledged detective stories, Gothic novels and horror fiction, >The Man of the Crowd< is his autobiographical short story, which is regarded as his most outstanding art works with modern consciousness at that era. The alienation theme which reflects in the story is worth being explored. This paper adopts the alienation theme to analyze a variety of people shuttling back and forth in the streets of London in the autobiographical short story. The characters display people’s mental state of being spiritually barren and lonely, which comes from the humanity distorted and alienated by the modern industrial civilization. By exploring the motivation of the narrator’s tracing and the old man’s wandering, Poe illustrates the severe alienation impact of this social phenomenon, which also manifests the writer’s deep concern over the living predicament and development crisis of humans under the pressure of industrial civilization. Writer appeals to attach more importance to human survival, revealing the anxiety to human existence and development crisis, struggling for getting rid of the alienation predicament and building a harmonious society. Through the help of alienation theory of Marx, Fromm and alienation theme in literature works, the thesis examines the theme of alienation in >The Man of the Crowd< in three parts which are the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. Its main contents are as follows: The first part is the introduction. It shows research status at home and abroad of the short story in order to present a better introduction, as well as the creation and writing value of this thesis.– The second part is the main body which contains four chapters: The first chapter is the theoretical perspective of alienation theory. It mainly concerns on the origin and development of alienation theory. Among the whole analysis of alienation theory, the thesis concentrates on Marx’s alienation of labor and Erich Fromm’s alienation in psychology. Then, the thesis also has a concluded view on alienation theme in modern literature works and >The Man of the Crowd<.– The second chapter is the alienation theme in >The Man of the Crowd<, which holds the significant position in the whole thesis. Combined with specific figures in the short story, the thesis illustrates the alienation relationship between the old man and the crowd people, the man and the nature, the society, and his self-alienation.– The third chapter concentrates on the causes of alienation in >The Man of the Crowd<, which consists the influences of social environment, Poe’s life experience, loss of love, loss of society belonging and sense of security and loss of self-identity.– The fourth chapter mainly deals with the consequences of alienation which present both in the short story and in modern society. The alienation can not be eliminated, but people can find ways to restrain its harm. After illustrating the causes and the consequences of alienation in the short story and on modern society, the thesis then analyzes some means to restrain this social phenomenon.– The final part is the conclusion, which concludes the previous contents as a summary of analyzing the short story and gets the gist and the realistic meaning of the thesis. With the generalization of alienation phenomenon, a better understanding of alienation theme both in literature works and in real society provides ways for people to struggle against its harm. The author hopes the thesis can offer a reference to most literature lovers who are devoted to their research on Edgar Allan Poe, as well as providing some advice to relieve the harm of alienation on modern society. That will contribute a lot to find way out the living predicament brought by alienation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liao, Chunzhou T1 - The Battle between Dream and Love: On the Modernity Predicament in Hardy’s >The Return of the Native< [梦与爱的较量—论哈代《还乡》中的现代性困境], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 作为19世纪至20世纪期间最具影响力的现实主义作家之一,哈代对于所处时代的社会变迁十分敏感,其著名的>威塞克斯小说<展示了英国西南部多塞特的自然风光和社会风俗习惯,呈现了工业文明给当时社会所带来的变化和不良影响,揭示了人性的美与丑、善与恶。哈代的第一部悲剧小说《还乡》出版于1878年,虽名气不如其后期小说《德伯家的苔丝》或《无名的裘德》,但仍属哈代的杰出作品之一。《还乡》一书主要写了两位男女主人公幸福结合而又走向悲惨破裂的故事。男主人公克莱姆在大都市巴黎从事珠宝行业,事业有成、前途似锦。然而他却厌恶大都市的奢靡生活,一心只想回到家乡创办一所学校,帮助乡民改变自己的命运。而出生于城市却因父母去世而搬到埃顿荒原与外祖父生活的尤苔莎,厌恶这个地方,一心向往的就是能生活在巴黎这样的大城市,过上上流社会的美好生活,来实现自身的人生价值。可想而知,生活目标如此截然不同的两个年轻人的婚姻,最终只能走向失败。再者,小说中另一个重要角色达蒙,为了追求尤苔莎推迟了与托玛辛的结婚。他一心只想占有尤苔莎,而并不是真正的爱。通过讲述这样一段悲情的爱恋故事,《还乡》展现了一段爱与梦想之间的纠葛,洞察了现代性给人类社会所带来的负面影响,抨击了工业文明对自然、人类以及两性情感所造成的扭曲。《还乡》这个标题仅从字面意思理解远远不够,它有着更深层次的内涵。诚然,这部小说围绕着从巴黎远道归来的克莱姆展开。哈代的这位归乡者是一个有着现代面容的现代人,怀揣着教书育人的梦想从现代都市巴黎回到埃顿荒原。他的回归象征着现代性的对立面,这正是哈代的理想归宿。整篇小说的行文结构都在围绕着游苔莎与克林的梦想展开。梦想是他们生存的希望,也是造成他们悲剧发生的根源所在。字里行间,作者哈代从未评价过他们的梦想的对与错,他只是在呈现现代人的痛苦与生存困境。男主人公还乡的梦想正是作者对工业文明和现代性的斥责以及对淳朴生活的怀旧之情的体现。提及现代人的生存困境,美国人本主义哲学家弗洛姆对现代人的生存境况所表现出的审美关怀以及对爱的探讨,不论是应用于文本分析,还是对当代社会,皆具有积极的启示和借鉴作用。因此,本文试图以弗洛姆的审美思想为理论基点,解读《还乡》中主人公的梦想、爱情、婚姻、激情、异化以及焦虑,探讨哈代对现代人生存困境的理解。在新的时代背景下重新解读《还乡》,有助于我们在伟大作家们对现代工业文明的批判中找到共鸣,更好地寻找到人生的意义、把握人生的奥妙,提醒人们关心自我、关爱他人,以审美的方式消弭现实中的压抑与异化,实现诗意的栖居。 N2 - Being one of the most influential realistic writers between the Victorian Age and the 20th century, Thomas Hardy was sensitive to the social transformation of his day. His works are known as >Wessex Novels<, which show the natural landscapes and social mores of Dorset in Southwest of England, assuming the social alteration and the side effects brought by industrial civilization, and demonstrating the beauty and ugliness, kindness and wickedness of human nature. >The Return of the Native<, the first tragic novel of Thomas Hardy, was published serially in an English magazine in 1878, which was not as well received as Hardy‘s later works like >Tess of the D’Urbervilles< (1891) or >Jude the Obscure< (1895), but remains firmly as one of his canons. It was a story that two protagonists married happily but ended with a tragic ending. Clym worked in a jewelry shop in the metropolis Paris with a promising future. However, he disliked the extravagant lifestyle in Paris, bending upon returning to his hometown, to start a school for helping his fellows to change their destinies. Born in a prosperous city and moved to Egdon Heath to live with her grandfather because of her parent’s death, Eustacia repelled the heath and yearned for living in a big city like Paris, leading a better life to achieve her own value. It is conceivable that the marriage of this young couple, whose life goals were so different, ultimately can only come into failure. Moreover, Damon, another important character in this novel, postponed his marriage to Thomas in order to pursue Eustacia, he concentrated on possession rather than genuine love. The novel reveals the conflicts and paradoxes of modernity through narrating such a complex and miserable story of love triangle happened in Egdon Heath, and drawing a compelling description of love and passion. Straightforward as the title The Return of the Native, far from being downright literal, has deeper meanings. Indeed, this novel is all about a long-absent native of Egdon Heath who returns from the metropolis Paris. Clym, Hardy‘s returning native, is a modern person with modern countenance and modern thought from a modern city, who dreams to impart knowledge and educate to his village fellows. Clym‘s return to Egdon Heath represents the antithesis of modernity, which is Hardy‘s ideal. This novel revolves around Eustacia‘s and Clym‘s dreams. Dream is both their hope to survive and the root of their tragedy. Nonetheless, Hardy didn‘t give his judgment of their dreams, nor preach at his readers. He just vividly drew a picture of the agony of modern people and the survival predicament. Clym‘s return is the embodiment of Hardy‘s lash at the industrial civilization and modernity, and his nostalgia for simple life. When referring to the existential plight of modern people, American humanist philosopher Erich Fromm‘s aesthetic concerns to the living conditions of modern people and the exploration of love, whether for text analysis or contemporary society, have positive implications and influences. On this ground, Fromm‘s theory of aesthetics is applied to interpret the protagonist’s dream, love, passion, alienation, and anxiety in The Return of the Native. Reinterpreting The Return of the Native helps us to find echoes in great writers‘ criticism of modern industrial civilization, discovering the meaning and mystery of life, reminding people to care for themselves and others, using an aesthetic way to eliminate the depression and alienation, and to achieve poetic dwelling. That entails the exploration of the modern people‘s existential predicament, providing an aesthetic outlet for the miserable people in contemporary society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Dou T1 - An Anatomy of Human Dilemma in >The Moon and Sixpence< from Fromm’s Humanistic Theory [基于弗洛姆人本主义理论剖析《月亮和六便士》中现代人的生存困境], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 威廉•萨姆赛特•毛姆(1874-1965)是一个跨世纪的英国作家,他的作品既继承了传统现实主义对现实生活的真实刻画与批评,又吸收了20世纪现代主义关注个体心灵的特点。他总是擅长通过平实易懂的语言来讲述一个个精致复杂的故事,冷静犀利地批判人性。《月亮和六便士》是毛姆代表作之一,小说主人公的原型是法国后印象派画家保罗•高更。小说一经出版便得到广泛关注。作者以第一人称的叙述方式,讲述了人到中年的证券经纪人思特里克兰德突然抛弃家庭和财富,去追逐自己的绘画梦想的故事。跟小说中的其他人相比,斯特里克兰德显得古怪而难以理解。小说中对包括主人公在内的形形色色的人物的性格刻画入木三分,充分展现了毛姆对人性的洞悉及对现代人生存困境的担忧。本文试图结合社会文化背景,从与毛姆同一时期的哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆(1900-1980)的人本主义学说角度对《月亮和六便士》进行分析和研究,首先分析了小说中主要人物的性格,小说中的现代人在社会中被金钱和地位蒙蔽了双眼,迷失了本心。接着从社会和个人两个方面分析找出形成现代人非生产性性格并陷入生存困境的原因,通过这些分析,本文试图找出解决精神危机的办法,帮助现代人建立具有创造性的爱的健全人格,构建和谐社会。 N2 - William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) was a cross-century English writer, whose works not only inherited the vivid description from the traditional realism in the 19th century but also concentrated on the individuals’ spirits which was absorbed from the modernism in the first 20th century. He always tells different complicated stories through his plain, understandable language and exposes the dark side of human inner world sharply. >The Moon and Sixpence< is one of Maugham’s masterpieces and the French painter Paul Gauguin is the prototype of the protagonist. Once published >The Moon and Sixpence< has been paid great attention. Maugham gives a story from the first-person point of view about a conventional middle aged stockbroker Charles Strickland who suddenly abandoned all his family and wealth to pursue his dream of painting. In the novel, it is very different and weird about Charles Strickland from others in that society. Obviously every character in the novel including the protagonist was depicted vividly and which shows the Maugham’s deep insights to human spirits and the very concern to the spiritual crisis of modern people. This paper attempts to combine the modern social and cultural backgrounds with the humanistic theory of Maugham’s contemporary philosopher Erich•Fromm (1900-1980) to analysis >The Moon and Sixpence<. It firstly analysis the character of the main characters in the novel, who lost their minds in the material society and then throws light upon the real causes to modern people’s nonproductive character orientation and spiritual crisis both from the social and individual causes. According to this analysis, it is supposed to find out the solutions of getting rid of spiritual crisis and help modern people establish the sane and sound character as well as building a harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Yuzhou T1 - The Enlightenment of Fromm’s >Freedom< Thought to Contemporary Chinese Society from the Perspective of Marxism [马克思主义视域下弗洛姆>自由<思想对当代中国社会的启示], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Hebei Normal University, Baoding, Hebei, China 2017. N2 - 本文通过>自由<这条主线,重点围绕弗洛姆关于>现代人的自由困境及其出路<这一思路展开。弗洛姆的自由理论既反映了他对人的生存状态的深刻理解,也体现了他对人类社会现状及其未来发展的现实关怀。弗洛姆为我们揭示了在现代工业社会中人的自由困境和异化状态,并认为消除异化实现人的自由离不开社会的全面变革。他对自由困境的批判和对自由出路的探索,对中国现代化建设有重要的启示意义。全文除了引言和结语外,主体分为四个部分:第一部分,对弗洛姆的生活经历和其思想的发展渊源进行概述。由于弗洛姆早期经历了残酷的战争,使他学会了对战争的思考,并受到弗洛伊德的无意识理论的影响开始从人性的角度以及人的非理性的因素中探索和思考问题。同时弗洛姆受到马克思关于人的异化和自由的思想的影响,面对资本主义经济危机的全面爆发,弗洛姆开始理性的思考问题,其后来的整个思想就是关于自由和异化的阐述,并且有着强烈的社会批判意识。第二部分,对弗洛姆的自由理论的主要内容进行了介绍,分析了弗洛姆关于自由的悖论,即人既追求自由又逃避自由的生存现状。弗洛姆认为资本主义的发展取得的经济和政治自由并由此带来了个人的自由和发展,但是人们为了生存又成为了资本或机器的奴隶,并由此而产生了无能为力感。由于无力承担这些消极自由的重担,那么就会选择去逃避自由。这是弗洛姆对资本主义制度的深刻批判和对于自由的反思。由此他又进一步说明消极自由只是形式上的自由,积极自由才是真正自由的重要理论。第三部分,阐述了弗洛姆自由思想的双重价值:社会现实批判和健全社会构建。弗洛姆通过对异化状态下重占有这种完全依赖于物质生存方式的批判,也是对资本主义私有制度的批判,他更加关注的是人的生存,强调只有重生存的创造性的生活方式,才是获得积极自由的重要途径,并指出要消除异化,实现真正的自由,只有通过对政治、经济和文化进行符合人的自身需要的改革,才能解决社会中的病态结构,实现健全的社会。第四部分,概括了弗洛姆自由思想的贡献,将弗洛姆的自由观点同处在转型期的中国的现实背景进行结合,提出弗洛姆当时所面对的西方社会出现的一些问题,也是中国现代化进程中有可能会出现的问题。因此得出,弗洛姆对自由困境的批判与自由出路的探索对当代中国所面临的现代化问题的解决具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。弗洛姆的思想是对马克思主义的丰富和发展,但弗洛姆对资本主义的批判是不彻底的,缺乏对人的实践活动的正确认识。因此,用辩证的方法分析弗洛姆的自由观,试图探索和解决我国在市场化进程中出现的一些社会问题,这是本篇论文研究的新视角和创新之处。 N2 - This article through the >freedom< the main line, focusing on the Fromm of >modern people’s freedom predicament and its way out< this idea. Fromm’s theory of freedom not only reflects his deep understanding of the state of human existence, but also reflects his current situation of human society and its future development of practical concern. Fromm reveals the freedom and the alienation of man in modern industrial society, and believes that the elimination of alienation and the realization of human freedom are inseparable from the comprehensive transformation of society. His critique of the plight of freedom and the exploration of free way out of China’s modernization drive has a very important inspiration. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body is divided into four parts: The first part is an overview of the life experiences of Fromm and his thoughts. Since Fromm had experienced a brutal war, he had learned the thought of war and was influenced by Freud’s theory of unconsciousness and began to explore and think about the problems of human nature and human irrational factors. At the same time, Fromm was influenced by Marx’s thoughts on human alienation and freedom. In the face of the full outbreak of the capitalist economic crisis, Fromm began to think rationally. The whole thought was about freedom and alienation. Strong sense of social criticism.– In the second part, the main contents of Fromm’s theory of freedom are introduced, and the theory of Fromm`s paradox about freedom is analyzed. Fromm argues that economic and political freedom in the development of capitalism has led to the freedom and development of the individual, but that has become a slave to capital or machinery in order to survive and thus generate powerlessness. Because of the inability to bear the burden of these negative freedoms, then they will choose to escape freedom. This is Fromm’s profound critique of the capitalist system and the reflection of freedom. Thus he further illustrates that negative freedom is only formal freedom, positive freedom is an important theory of true freedom.– The third part expounds the dual value of Fromm’s free thought: social reality criticism and sound social construction. From the critique of the way of material existence, it is also a critique of the capitalist private system. He is more concerned with the survival of man, emphasizing the creative way of life, is an important way to obtain positive freedom, and pointed out that to eliminate alienation, to achieve real freedom, only through the political, economic and cultural needs of people in line with their own needs in order to solve the social morbid structure, to achieve a sound society.– In the fourth part, combining Fromm’s view of freedom with the realistic background of China in the transition period, it is pointed out that some problems in the Western society faced by Fromm at that time are also possible in the process of China’s modernization problem. It is concluded that the exploration of Fromm’s critique of free dilemma and the exploration of liberty is of great theoretical and practical significance to the modernization of contemporary China. Fromm’s thought is the enrichment and development of Marxism, but Fromm’s criticism of capitalism is not complete, lack of correct understanding of human practice. Therefore, the dialectical analysis of Fromm’s view of freedom, trying to explore and solve our country in the process of marketization of some social problems, which is the new perspective of this paper and innovation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Sikai T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Thought of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆是20世纪二十年代法兰克福学派的重要成员,其突出的理论贡献在于他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义哲学理论,创造性的提出了>逃避自由<思想。在关注到现代人生存境遇时,他揭示了资本主义社会结构的不健全之处,以现代人的性格结构为出发点,对现代人普遍存在的>逃避自由<的现象做出了深刻分析,他借鉴弗洛伊德创立的精神分析方法,挖掘出现代人逃避自由的真正心理根源。弗洛姆的>逃避自由<的思想不仅能帮助寻求一种解决生存困境的途径,而且对积极自由之路的探寻和对理性信仰的构建以及对健全社会的设想都具有巨大的启示意义。本文基于前人研究的成果,在弗洛姆学术思想体系背景下,梳理了弗洛姆逃避自由思想的主要内容以及其论证进路,企图从弗洛姆对理想人格、理性信仰和健全社会的阐述中,挖掘解决个人自由却孤独的生存困境的启示。本文分为三个部分,第一部分阐释了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想产生的社会背景和理论渊源;第二部分主要是勾勒弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想的主要内容和弗洛姆论证现代人为何逃避自由的线索;第三部分分析了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想在揭示现代人生存困境、描绘理想性格、阐述理性信仰以及构建健全社会的启示,最后对这一思想理论的不足和存在的缺陷做一个简要的评析. N2 - Erich Fromm was an important member of the Frankfurt School in the 1920s. His outstanding theoretical contribution is that he combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist philosophical theory and creatively put forward the idea of >escape from freedom< When he was concerned about the living situation of modern people, he revealed the imperfection of the capitalist social structure and made a profound analysis of the common phenomenon of >escape from freedom< by taking the character structure of modern people as the starting point. Fromm's idea of >escape from freedom< not only helps to find a way to solve the dilemma of existence, but also has great inspiration for the search of the path of positive freedom, the construction of rational beliefs and the conception of a sound society. Based on the results of previous researches, this paper, against the backdrop of Fromm's academic system of thought, examines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and the way forward in his argumentation, and attempts to find insights for solving the dilemma of individual freedom but loneliness in Fromm's exposition of the ideal personality, rational faith and sound society. The first part explains the social background and the theoretical origin of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom; the second part outlines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and Fromm's arguments for why modern man escapes from freedom. The third part analyzes the revelation of Fromm's idea of >escaping from freedom< in revealing the dilemma of modern human existence, depicting ideal character, expounding rational beliefs and building a sound society, and finally makes a brief analysis of the inadequacies and defects of this idea and theory. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cai, Jing T1 - Productive Teacher-student Relation and Its Construction [论生产性师生关系及其建构], Principles of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 教师和学生是教育教学实践中最主要的矛盾主体,构成学校最主要的人际关系,因此,师生关系一直是教育学界长盛不衰、历久弥新的话题。然而,师生关系的平稳、健康发展,需要多方面因素的支撑。随着经济社会的飞速进步,人们的生活充满了各种激烈的竞争与压力,充斥功名利禄、物欲横流的社会导致人对物质出现了前所未有的强烈欲求,甚至逐渐转嫁到了对人的占有。人们的生活丧失原有的温情,变得麻木和死板,人的生命价值无法具体临现,人与人的交往变成了 >物物交往<。盛行的>占有<风气渗透当下的教育,使得师生关系变得占有化、利益化、冷漠化。在教育教学活动中,一些教师为了提高工作效率,快速培养>高分<学生,争取更多的利益,一味地对学生实行>满堂灌<式的教育方式,完全忽略了学生作为人的存在。学生在毫无生气的教育中只学会了为了争取高分>掠夺<知识而非领会知识,认为学习不过是一种占有成功的工具。长此以往,师生关系情感淡漠,教师的职业动力不足,学生的创造力和自我实现力下降甚至丧失,不利于师生的个体发展,教育事业难以为继。在占有式师生关系里,教师与学生的发展是停滞,甚至是萎缩的,人们开始渴望建立能够让师生在教育关系中重塑鲜活个体,实现共生发展的交往模式,一种>共生型<、>生产性<理念悄然进入教育视野,构建新型的师生关系成为亟需迫切解决的课题。生产性师生关系是本文建构的理想师生关系。弗洛姆认为>生产性<是人运用自己的力量对自己的潜能的实现的特性。在他看来,具有生产性人格的人不仅具有较强的能动性,还能不断实现自身的潜能与创造力,使人的自我发展更加完善。生产性的爱则是对对方潜能的一种认可,即不断地对对方进行给予、尊重、认识、关心,当然也包含着责任。通过这些爱的表达促进人与人之间情感的亲密性,也促进自我与他人的发展。教师如果一味地以不合理的权威占有学生,对学生进行知识灌输,那么他的教学工作则会变得苍白无力,他所投放的知识的>石子<无法激起学生好奇心的>漪涟<,也就自然使他们的学习生活变得毫无生气,失去应有的创新思维。生产性的师生关系就在于要求教师对学生施以生产性的师爱,让教师和学生在生产性的师生关系中,使学生的潜能在教师的激励下得到实现,在教师的呵护中更懂得关爱他人,同时也让教师提高自我职业价值认同,这是关怀师生双方人性解放和发展的过程。总的来说生产性师生关系具有交融性、关怀性、精神性和共生性,这样的师生关系使单向的、死板的占有式师生关系变成双向流动的动态师生关系,在师生和谐相处,共同发展中关照教师与学生的生命价值。为了构建生产性师生关系,本文试图提出了可行性构建策略,包括培养教师的>生产性<理念,提高教师专业素质,增强教师关心、组织、管理能力;创建生产性校园文化环境;从教育目标、课程设置以及评价标准的改革构建生产性师生关系的制度条件;等途径进行入手,以期能为学校教育构建新型师生关系带来启示。 N2 - The main contradiction in teaching practice comes from teachers and students, who constitute the main relationship in schools and embody the value of teaching activities. Therefore, the teacher-student relationship is a long-lasting topic in education. However, developing good teacher-student relationship needs the support of many aspects. With the rapid development of economy and society, people are faced up with various fierce competition and pressure in life, gradually resulting in people the relationship of possessing and being possessed. People regard >possessing others< as condition for success, which is especially true among the young for utilitarian reasons. Consequently, people lost the warmth of life and life becomes full of materialistic numbness and rigidity, the value of human life cannot be found, human nature is lost and the contemporary teacher-student relationship is even distorted. The traditional binary opposition of the subject and the object, combined with the transformation of the society places teachers in the dominant position of teaching, >ruling< students with knowledge. In teaching, some teachers seek maximum interests even at the expense of education efforts, doggedly cramming students with knowledge without thinking of change. In a lifeless education, students only learn to >rob< knowledge for a higher grade instead of understanding knowledge, thinking learning nothing but a tool for gaining success. With this going on, the relationship between teachers and students becomes cold. Teachers lack teaching motivation and students’ creativity and self-fulfillment decrease or even disappear. This does harm to the development of teachers and students, making it difficult for education to continue. In this background, the construction of a new teacher-student relationship has become the most urgent task. This paper focuses on the new productive teacher-student relationship. Fromm believes that >productive< refers to the personality that people realize their potential with their own power. In Fromm’s view, the productive personality is one that enables people go upward, and people are full of love and care. People with productive personality can not only have a strong initiative, but also can realize their own potential and creativity continuously to perfect them selves. Productive love is the expression of others’ potential, constantly instilling in others respect, understanding, care and responsibility. The expression of this love not only fosters intimate emotion between people, but also contributes to better them. If teachers blindly control students with authority and cram students with knowledge, their teaching will become lifeless. This cannot stimulate students’ curiosity and interest but make their learning life dull without vigor and rob them of innovative thinking, making them unable to realize their potential. On the one hand, the productive teacher-student relationship require teachers to give students productive love, which enables students to realize their potential in this kind of relationship and learn to care for others under teachers’ mature love; on the other hand, this helps teachers to identify with their teaching value. This is a process that concerns the liberation of human nature for both teachers and students. On the whole, the productive teacher-student relationship is interactive, caring, spiritual and developing, which turns the one-directional rigid possessive teacher-student relationship into a bi-directional dynamic one, echoing the life value of teachers and students. In order to build a productive relationship between teachers and students, this paper sets out to put forward the strategy of feasibility construction, including the principle of being open to others, learning to give and loving each other; cultivating teachers’ pro¬ductive awareness, improving productive quality, enhancing productive management ability; constructing the system condition from the reform of educational objectives, curriculum set-up and assessment stan¬dards and creating a productive campus culture, so as to light upon some idea for the construction of a new teacher-student relationship. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - The Dialectical Relationship between Happiness and Morality from the Perspective of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [论幸福与道德的辩证关系 - 以弗洛姆《爱的艺术》为视角], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 古希腊时期开始,幸福与道德的关系问题就一直受到哲学家们所关注,时至今日,随着消费主义的横行以及随之而来的全社会的幸福危机和道德危机的侵袭,幸福与道德的关系问题历久弥新,值得一再探讨。作为对当代幸福危机与道德危机的正面回应,我们首先必须正确认识幸福与道德的内涵及其关系。幸福不是作为纯粹感官愉悦的快乐,也不是完全个体的心灵愉悦的满足,幸福是作为使得人与人相紧密联系的现实的、实践的幸福而存在。道德同样不是空洞的道德口号和完全他律的道德规则,道德有其社会性,道德来源于社会,道德的健全依赖于社会的健全,不健全的社会下必然是不健全的人,而不健全的人必然是不健全的道德的怀揣者。幸福和道德有其内在的统一机制:即在社会中,在社会性的实现过程中,实现两者的统一。任何以二分的方式对幸福与道德进行断裂式的划分都是错误的,甚至是别有用心的。企图通过将幸福装饰成为可以通过消遣、消费而直接获得的感官与物质需求的满足,更是不道德的表现。所以打破幸福与道德两者的悖论关系不仅在理论上是必要的,在应对和改变社会现状方面更是尤为重要。弗洛姆《爱的艺术》这本书正是对试图打破幸福与道德相悖的现状所做的努力,试图通过爱的途径实现两者的内在统一性。弗洛姆笔下的>爱<不是软弱无力的个体之爱,弗洛姆的>爱<是苍劲有力、具有建设性的>爱<,是社会个体你我相连的现实之爱、实践之爱。用爱的理论贯通幸福与道德的联系,用爱的实践构建幸福的社会、道德的社会、爱的社会,不仅在理论上是可行的,在实践中更是具有至关重要的作用。 N2 - In ancient Greece, the relationship between happiness and morality has been increasingly a major concern. With the life being occupied by consumerism and the ethical crisis, the relationship of happiness and morality become a timeless legal issue, which has been added to more brand-new significations. As a positive response to contemporary moral crisis and crisis of happiness, we must correctly understand the connotation and relationship between happiness and morality firstly. Happiness is not the pleasure of pure sensual, nor the satisfaction of a purely spiritual pleasure of the individual, happiness is the existence of the reality, the practice of happiness, which is closely linked with people. Moral rule is not an empty slogan and the same moral heteronomy completely. Morality has its social, moral form the social, moral sound depends on social sound. Unsound society is not necessarily perfect, not perfect people is not necessarily a sound moral with them. There is an inherent unity between happiness and morality, which is to get the unity in society. It is immoral to try to decorate the happiness as the satisfaction of the senses and the material needs that can be obtained directly through recreation and consumption. Therefore, it is not only necessary to break the paradox between happiness and morality, but also to deal with and change the social situation. Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< is an attempt to break the status quo of happiness and morality in an attempt to achieve the inner unity of them. Fromm’s >love< is not a week and feeble individual love, it is vigorous and constructive, the love of practice which connected with reality. Using the theoretical love to link happiness and morality. Using the practical love to achieve the inner relationship. It is not only feasible in theory, but also plays an important role in practice. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER -