TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Yiran T1 - Analysis of Humanism in Bulgakov’s Novels from the Perspective of Fromm, Master thesis, World Literature, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - In the 1960s, with the rise of the >thawing< trend of Soviet literature, a group of works of Soviet writers that had been banned for a long time returned to the public, among which Mikhail Bulgakov’s works were the most representative. Bulgakov’s work is closely connected with social reality, he reveals the dark side of the society with sharp strokes, and gives an insight into the distorted humanity with keen eyes. His fantastic art form arouses people’s thinking on morality and shows himself the profound humanistic thought. Erich Fromm, humanistic ethicist in the West in the 20th century, he analyzes thoroughly various morbidities in modern society and the alienation of humanity, putting forward a complete method of saving human spiritual dilemma and building a sound society. Fromm’s research on human provides us with a more scientific and objective perspective to deeply understand the humanistic thought in literary works.– This article attempts to analyze the humanistic ideas contained in Bulgakov’s novels by adopting Fromm’s humanistic theory. The paper consists of four chapters: Chapter One analyzes the morbidity and crisis in the society represented in the novel, mainly including the shortage of survival materials, the prevalence of authoritarianism, and the abuse of science and technology. Chapter Two explores the morbid personality of the individual under the social discipline and oppression, which is manifested as a crazy possessiveness, a mentality of escaping freedom, and a numbness and indifference of rationality. Chapter Three summarizes the way of construc¬ting the ideal moral spiritual world that the author reposes in the novel, combined with Fromm’s views on good, evil, love, faith and truth, etc., further confirming the profoundness of Bulgakov’s novel humanistic thinking and deep humanistic care. Chapter Four evaluates the humanistic thoughts in Bulgakov’s novels. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of humanistic thoughts, it also discusses the limitations and significance in contemporary society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zábranská, Marie T1 - Frommovo pojetí člověka a psychoanalýza [Fromm´s Conception of Human and Psychoanalysis, Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 57 pp. N2 - The topic of the present bachelor thesis is Erich Fromm and his specific concept of a human being and psychoanalysis. In his works, this famous psychologist was able to explain the position of a human being in the society, their needs and problems linked to their own existence. The introductory chapter summarizes fundamental facts about Fromm’s life and mentions several important personalities who influenced his thinking. The following chapters focus on the main issues of Fromm’s concept of a human being, especially their place in the environment, their relationship with the surrounding world, life philosophy and the issue of personal freedom. It deals in detail with the issues of love, aggression, freedom and the >To Be and to Have< life philosophy. Another issue this thesis deals with is Fromm’s approach to psychoanalysis and religion. The concluding chapter contains the fact about the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud and a comparison of the individual concepts of a human being as formulated by Freud and Fromm respectively. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - A Study of Marx's Influence on Fromm's Social Character Theory [马克思对弗洛姆社会性格理论的影响研究], Master thesis, Psychology, Marxist Philosophy, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2021. N2 - The theory of social character is a creative theory that Fromm combines Marx’s social thought and consciousness view on the basis of Freud’s theory of character. Fromm regards Marx as a person of world historical significance. Although Freud sees personal psychological factors, he neglects the influence of social environment on human personality, which limits his vision. Marx thinks far more deeply and more than Freud. He examines human behavior from the social and economic structure, but the irrational factors were ignored, so Fromm tried to >melt the two into one furnace<. Meanwhile, the misreading and Misreading of Marx thought by >pseudo Marxism< made Fromm spend a lot of energy on studying and thinking about Marxism, not only criticizing it, but also expounding his understanding of Marxism. The author proposes the theory of social character to make up for the deficiency of Marx in the micro psychological level and the concrete transformation mechanism between economic foundation and superstructure. The concept of >social character< clearly reflects the traces of Marxist thought. Under the influence of Marx’s thought, Fromm examined the character in the relationship between man and the world, insisted that >the main thing of human is social existence<, and modified Freud with Marx ’social tendency, and explained the decisive effect of social economic structure on social character from the root and change of social character.– At the same time, we also noticed the role of >bond< and >explosive mortar< of social character, so as to explain the relative independence of social character. Not only that, Fromm also explored the foundation and premise of social character, namely, social unconsciousness. He put unconsciousness in the concrete world of reality for understanding, insisted that >consciousness is the product of society< and modified Freud’s >libido< with Marx’s >historical power<. He not only expounded the decisive role of social existence on social unconsciousness, but also saw the negative effect of social unconsciousness on social existence, and tried to make people realize the repression of facts, and seek the way of social change to break this repression.– Fromm’s theory of social character is influenced by Marx’s thought. Although he always bases on the people in the real society and examines the human character in social history, he still regards Marx thought as spiritual existentialism in essence, and the theoretical focus is on the role of social character on human behavior and thinking, and does not really understand Marxism, not only does the understanding of human nature stay in the abstract theory of human nature, but also does not touch the fundamental contradiction of capitalist society, and it is not realistic with a strong utopian color. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - The New World of Values in Michael Ende's >Die unendliche Geschichte< [米切尔·恩德小说《永远讲不完的故事》中的新价值世界T], Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 《永远讲不完的故事》是德国作家米切尔·恩德最具代表性的青少年奇幻文学作品之一。作者借以小主人公巴斯蒂安在现实世界的遭遇深刻阐释现代人的普遍精神现状:孤独和内心荒芜,并致力于通过主人公在幻想王国的冒险重建一个新的价值世界来改变现状。为寻找这个新的价值世界,本文首先借用社会心理学家弗洛姆的“>社会性格<理论对文章提及的旧世界以及不同社会模式下的价值进行挖掘,再对生活在这些价值模式下的人进行主体间性分析。通过分析导致巴斯蒂安孤独以及内心荒芜的是一个理性当道的世界,而帮助他从幻想王国重回现实世界的则是>爱<。在这个以爱为名的世界里,爱不仅帮助巴斯蒂安突破孤独的壁垒,而且用其所独有的创造性丰富个体内心世界。除此之外,爱还帮助巴斯蒂安以全新的观点发现世界,重寻自我。因此,>爱<作为新的价值当之无愧,必能引导人类精神重新归家,还给人其人性尊严。 N2 - >Die unendliche Geschichte< [>The Neverending Story<] is one of the most representative works of young people's fantasy literature by German author Michael Ende. The author uses the encounter of the young protagonist Bastian in the real world to profoundly explain the common spiritual status of modern people: loneliness and inner desolation, and devotes himself to rebuilding a new value world through the adventures of the protagonist in the fantasy kingdom to change the status quo. In order to find this new world of values, this paper first uses social psychologist Fromm's >social character< theory to explore the old world and the values under different social models mentioned in the article, and then analyzes the inter-subjectivity of people living under these value models. Through this analysis, Bastian's loneliness and inner desolation are caused by a world where reason prevails, while >love< helps him to return from the fantasy kingdom to the real world. In this world of love, love not only helps Bastian to break through the barrier of loneliness, but also enriches his inner world with its unique creativity. In addition, love helps Bastian to discover the world with a new perspective and to rediscover himself. Therefore, >love< is a new value that will lead the human spirit back to its home and restore its human dignity. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Yiqiong T1 - On the Female Images in >Them< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Joyce Carol Oates (1938 –), one of the most prominent and influential writers in contemporary American literature, is distinguished for her prolificacy in a variety of styles and genres. Oates’s works are unique in exposing the violence and evil in American society. Her works give readers a whole picture of American society, which vividly and graphically reflects the real life from all social backgrounds and presents the reality that lies beneath the surface of American prosperous society. >Them<, published in 1969, is one of Oates’s most important and representative works. The story, spanning almost three decades, presented the real life of the three Wendalls and a panoramic view of American society, which mirrored the living conditions and miserable fate of the lower class. Under the theoretical guidance of Fromm’s theory of social character, the thesis adopts the research method of close reading and makes a profound discussion on the female images in >Them< based on the impact of social reality and family interpersonal relationship on people’s psychology.– The thesis selects three typical female characters in >Them< – Loretta, her daughter Maureen and Nadine as representatives, and analyzes the formation and the expression of their personalities, so as to reveal how female images are distorted in the patriarchal society. Oates portrays the misfortunes and sufferings of women’s lives in the novel. These women, who explore the way of living, are brave enough to resist and break through the shackles of fate. However, they finally lose their self-consciousness under the trouble of social environment and the imbalance of family interpersonal relationship. The three female characters in Oates’s >Them< seek freedom through marriage and money. While they have female consciousness and rebellious spirit, they are always surrounded by violence and male discourse. Therefore, no matter what efforts they make, none of them can get rid of the shackles of patriarchal society. They are doomed to failure. Through the portrayal of women’s living conditions, it arouses readers’ attention and sympathy to women, which reflects Oates’s deep thinking of contemporary women’s issues and the fate of humanity. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Zhaoxin T1 - On the Theory of Needs by William Leiss, Master thesis, Philosophy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2022. N2 - In the process of the continuous development of capitalism, the ecological crisis and a series of environmental problems have been caused by the incorrect understanding of the relationship between man and nature. In this context, William Leiss, who has long been concerned about ecological issues, criticized the capitalist society on the basis of inheriting and developing Marxism’s theory of need and Herbert Marcuse’s theory of >True or false need<, with a new perspective to explain the needs of the capitalist system of human needs, the formation of their own ideological characteristics of the needs of the theory. Specifically, William Leiss is mainly concerned with the complexity of human desires, which is an important reason for the formation of the capitalist high consumption society, and the need to be oriented toward the commodity world, which is the root cause of the formation of the capitalist high consumption society, and the thought of human conquering nature is the important foundation of the formation of the capitalist high-consumption society. On this basis, Leiss pays attention to the quality of commodities, pays attention to the multi-dimension and relevance of human needs, and understands the close relationship between human needs and natural environment, familiar with the estimated characteristics of commodities in four aspects of the future human needs to express and meet the concept, and the future human needs to express and meet the way to explore, namely the following four aspects, advocating a general orientation of human needs towards a non-single field of goods, and an open minded self-interest to replace anthropocentrism ideology in an easily viable society, it is suggested that natural entities have the same legal rights as human beings. William Leiss’s theory of needs, while providing a new perspective on the mode of production of capitalism, enriches ecological Marxism and provides a useful reference for the establishment of a correct concept of consumption, but there is also a certain degree of misunderstanding of Marxism’s concept of goods, the lack of a certain global vision, its proposed solution is utopian. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yao, Ruonan T1 - Fromm’s Inheritance and Development of Marx’s Freedom Thought, Master thesis, Philosophy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2022. N2 - From ancient times to the present, the issue of freedom has always been a hot issue of people’s attention. People’s yearning and pursuit of freedom is an inexhaustible driving force for the progress of human society. In the twentieth century, people found that the development of industry and technology did not bring true freedom and happiness, but made people’s hearts more lonely and spiritually empty, and gradually fell into the contradiction of pursuing freedom and escaping from freedom. Fromm saw the suffering of people. He approached from a microscopic psychological point of view, inheriting and further developing Marx’s free thought on the basis of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. First, Fromm’s inheritance of Marx’s idea of freedom includes: First, both men have taken the actual individual as the subject of freedom, and have set achievable goals of freedom. Second, both men applied the method of integrating theory with practice and unifying history and logic to study the question of freedom. Third, Fromm’s free thought embodies a strong critical and humanitarian spirit, which is consistent with the inner spirit of Marx’s free thought. Secondly, Fromm’s development of Marx’s free ideas includes: First, Marx tried to achieve the free liberation of man through social revolution, while Fromm wanted to achieve the free development of man through psychological revolution. Second, Marx’s theory of labor alienation strongly criticized capitalist society; Fromm put forward a new theory of alienation, which examined the unfree phenomena of capitalist society from a psychological point of view, and usefully supplemented Marx’s free thought. Third, Marx put forward a beautiful vision of the future society, advocating the establishment of a communist society to achieve the free and all-round development of people; Fromm envisioned the establishment of a sound society through political, economic and cultural reforms, which is a supplement to the future free development model of mankind. Fourth, Fromm’s focus on the analysis of human freedom from a personal, microscopic and psychological perspective is an innovation in the perspective of the study of freedom issues. Finally, reflection and evaluation: First, it is pointed out that the defects of Fromm’s inheritance and development of Marx’s free thought, the exaggerated role of psychological factors, the lack of a thorough path to solve the problem, and the unrealistic method of seeking positive freedom. Second, analyze the contemporary values and practical enlightenment of Fromm’s inheritance and development of Marx’s free thought. It provides a new direction for people to pursue freedom and a new perspective for the analysis and solution of social problems; it is necessary to attach importance to the issue of human freedom and development, attach importance to the coordination of the relationship between science and technology and humanities, and pay attention to strengthening the construction of social spiritual civilization. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Shijie T1 - On the Theme of Alienation in Mrs. Gaskell’s >Mary Barton<, Master thesis, World literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Mrs. Elizabeth Gaskell is considered to be one of the most influential British female writers in the 19th century, whose works are famous for reflecting the labor conflicts between the bourgeoisie and the working class, such as >Mary Barton<, >North and South<, >Ruth<, and so on. Mrs. Gaskell published her first novel >Mary Barton< in 1848. Taking the British Chartist Movement and the worker's strike as its background, the novel which has high realistic value profoundly describes the real social life and ideological situation of the workers in Manchester under the oppression of capitalists. In the 19th century, in terms of the English literature which reflects the daily life of the working class vividly and carefully, the achievements of this novel are incomparable with any other works. In recent years, with the rise of western feminism and the emergence of some criticisms of literary and cultural which focus on the social historical background, the classic novel >Mary Barton< has aroused people‘s interests and attentions again. Taking Mrs. Gaskell‘s >Mary Barton< as the research object, on the basis of Fromm‘s alienation theory, this thesis explains the theme of alienation in the novel.– The thesis consists of three parts including introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction part mainly presents the life of Mrs. Gaskell, the principal content of >Mary Barton<, as well as the literature review and thesis statement. The main body of this thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin and development of alienation theory, especially the main contents of Fromm‘s alienation theory, including man‘s self-alienation, the alienation between man and man, and the alienation between man and nature. The second chapter analyzes the self-alienation of the characters in the novel, mostly including Mary‘s absurd view of love, John‘s twisted character, and Old Carson‘s vulgar view of interest, etc, which reveal the far-reaching impact of self-alienation on the characters, and ultimately lead to the tragic endings of these characters. The third chapter discusses the alienation between man and man from the aspects of family and work relations in the novel. The fourth chapter expounds the alienation between man and nature, that is, the opposite relationships between man and nature in the novel. On the one hand, the two metropolises of Manchester and London are gradually declining due to human activities. On the other hand, the disease outbreaks and the depletion of natural resources also have an indelible impact on people‘s lives. The fifth chapter explains the main reasons of the alienation in >Mary Barton<, which are the influence of the Chartist Movement, the rule of class consciousness and rights consciousness, the prevalence of egoism and the spread of Anthropocentrism. The conclusion part makes the summary of this thesis and briefly introduces the significance. Based on the analysis of the specific alienated images of characters in the novel, this thesis discusses the essence of alienation of human nature and estrangement of interpersonal relationship in capitalist society described by Mrs. Gaskell, and sparks thoughts about the nature of human, the relationships between man and nature and the relationships between people in contemporary society, which will further strengthen the confidence in building a healthy and harmonious society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xue, Han T1 - An Interpretation of Alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - As a master of American literature and a representative writer of academic school in the 20th century, Saul Bellow revealed the spiritual crisis encountered by intellectuals and reflected the spiritual emptiness of people in the social background of moral decline and materialistic desire. >More Die of Heartbreak< is a novel written by Bellow during his latter period of creation. The novel shows the complicated contemporary love, marriage, family condition and the alienated society that is trapped by money, consumerism, and sex. In this thesis, Erich Fromm’s humanism is used to deeply interpret the embodiments, causes, and salvation of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<.– The thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces Saul Bellow, >More Die of Heartbreak<, research status at home and abroad, alienation and humanistic theory.– Chapter two interprets the embodiments of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<, including self-alienation, interpersonal alienation, and alienation between people and society.– Chapter three explores the causes of alienation. Firstly, self-alienation is mainly caused by receptive character, irrational need for relatedness, and alienated way to satisfy relatedness. Secondly, causes of interpersonal alienation mainly include morbidity and liberation of sex, nonproductive character orientation, the impact of pragmatism and the contradiction of different cultures. Thirdly, consumers’ morbid desire for sign value and the media with negative guidance also lead to alienation between human and society.– Chapter four explores how to overcome alienation. Firstly, it expounds that Benn and Kenneth overcome self-alienation through self-improvement. Secondly, individuals can overcome loneliness and rebuild harmonious interpersonal relationships under the salvation of love. Finally, the being mode of existence advocated by Fromm is helpful for individuals to overcome the influence of social alienation and reshape harmony between man and society.– The last chapter is the conclusion, which points out that although contemporary westerners are troubled by alienation, people can still resist alienation through self-improvement, love, and choosing the being mode of existence. It is significant to overcome alienation in a materialistic society from the perspective of humanism. While exploring the embodiments, causes, and solutions of alienation in >More Die of Heartbreak<, this thesis hopes to raise people’s concern about the elimination of alienation and provide enlightenment on how to overcome alienation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Ying T1 - The Happiness Theory and Its Contemporary Interpretation, Master thesis, Ethics, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - In all ages, whatever social economy and class structure change, happiness is always the pursuit goal of people from vary historical ages. Based on the social and historical reality, the philosophers have given a lot of judgments about happiness, and happiness problem is always a major task in ethnics study. However, the ideologists a tall times and in all countries have vary opinions about happiness unable to decide which is right. So, for the people in modern society it has important meaning to card happiness theory and discuss its signification and essence. Firstly this paper carded the tradition of Chinese happiness theory. In the view of history, Chinese ideologists’ viewpoints of happiness can be divided into two parts, deontology and utilitarianism. Although these two parts have different contestations respectively, they also have an accordant viewpoint at happiness realization, that is, to achieve happiness by self-improvement.– Then this paper carded tradition of western happiness theory to classify it into two kinds, hedonistic eudemonism and consummate eudemonism. The hedonistic considered that happiness was based on people’s feeling. They thought feeling pleasure was happiness with some representatives such as Locke, Bentham, Muller, Feuerbach etc. However the consummate was firstly mentioned by Aristotle. It considered that perfection was happiness with some other representatives such as Paulsen, Fromm etc.– The third part of paper summarized Marxist eudemonism including main structure, inscapes, social historical conditions, evolution rules and characters etc. Marxist eudemonism is based on criticism and self-reflection on hedonistic and consummate. Itis scientific to lead contemporary people to correctly realize and achieve happiness.– The last part of paper tried to give a contemporary interpretation on happiness. It considered that contemporary happiness mainly embodied in the people’s livelihood. After clarifying meanings of people’s livelihood and its problem, this paper discussed essence of people’s livelihood happiness, gave an opinion that the government must be mainly responsible for people’s livelihood happiness, and finally proposed a method to achieve happiness, that is, to establish a people oriented concept of happiness. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiao, Yufen T1 - Alienation and Salvation: A Study of Celeste Ng’s >Everything I Never Told You<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Celeste Ng is one of the most prominent contemporary Chinese American writers. Her debut novel >Everything I Never Told You<, which took six years to complete, has obtained a huge success since it was published. It won the first place of Amazon Book of the Year in 2014, making a sensation in the European and American literary circles. At present, scholars at home and abroad have mostly studied >Everything I Never Told You< from the perspectives of post-colonialism, feminism, cultural conflict, family education and family relations, but few of them have analyzed it from the perspective of alienation. Therefore, this thesis attempts to apply Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation to analyze the alienation theme in >Everything I Never Told You< from three perspectives: the alienation between man and society, the alienation between man and man, and the alienation between man and self, and elaborating on the ways in which each of these family members overcomes alienation to achieve salvation. Through the interpretation of alienation in >Everything I Never Told You<, this thesis aims to reveal the survival dilemma of the interracial families in Celeste Ng’s writings, insinuating the alienated state of modern people, and trying to provide a way for modern people to overcome alienation. When in a state of alienation, people can overcome alienation and achieve salvation by actively facing the dilemma, promoting their self-identity, cultivating the ability to love and building harmonious interpersonal relationships. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Hanyu T1 - The Study of Fromm’s Ideas on Sane Society, Master thesis, Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2023 [doi.org/10.27441/d.cnki.gyzdu.2023.002580] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As a contemporary psychoanalyst and philosopher, Fromm devoted his life to researching how to heal the mentally ill in contemporary society and to uncovering the root causes of people’s sicknesses in capitalist society. He tried to explain, what is the nature of human beings, what are human needs and the causes of human pathological alienation, etc. Unlike the one-sided criticism of other thinkers on political and economic aspects, Fromm analyzed the causes of the sickness of Western capitalist society from the internal to the external environment, from the individual to the group, from the individual to the society, from the primitive society to the historical class change, from the aspects of man and others, man and nature, man and society, and man and himself, and built a blueprint of a sane society. He pointed out the need to make a sane society a reality through the simultaneous implementation of a political, economic, and psychological revolution.– This paper is a re-investigative analysis of Fromm’s idea of sane society, divided into four parts. The first part, to sort out the background and ideological origins of Fromm’s sane society theory. In the second part, we analyze the logical structure of Fromm’s sane society theory, analyze the nature of human beings, the dichotomy of human existence, human survival needs, and human social needs, and focus on the problem of mental alienation arising from the suppression of human survival needs, the social character as an intermediary between individuals and society, and the root cause of the alienation of social character, and make a presentation of the pathological personality and pathological society presented by the alienation. The presentation is based on this. On this basis, Fromm’s vision of economic change, political change, and cultural change and his strategies for practice are discussed. The last section analyzes the theoretical orientation of sane social thought and its practical implications for contemporary society. It is not difficult to find from Fromm’s sane social thought that his thought is very distinctly humanistic. By thinking about human nature and how to forge a healthy personality, combining Freud’s psychoanalytic doctrine with Marx’s theory of anthropology and the theory of labor alienation, he formed his unique theoretical system, the humanistic psychoanalysis. His concern for the mental health of all human beings and his pursuit of the >free development of all human beings< are in line with the core values of the comprehensive development of the state under the current conditions of socialist market economy, which are people-oriented and have great inspiration and practical guidance on how to solve social problems. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vykysalá, Renata T1 - Pojetí lásky v díle Ericha Fromma [The Conception of Love in the Erich Fromm´s Work], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 40 pp. N2 - The conception of love in the Erich Fromm´s research tries to explain love from the point of view of his personality and through his work called The Art of Loving. The subject of this bachelor thesis is the Fromm´ s conception of the love compared to psychological and sociobiological explanations. Erich Fromm (1900-1980) received PhD in psychology from the University of Heidelberg in 1922. He worked with the Marx´s social concepts which he linked up with the psychological findings taken from Freud. The acquired knowledge was then applied to Fromm´s research of love. According to Fromm, love has many different images from the mother love, brother love, erotic love, self-love to the love to God. In the following chapters, the same analogical explanations of love are explained but from the sociobiological and psychological point of views. The sociobiology is science that supposes that the man was born to the world because his selfish genes wanted to. The only task the man has in his being is to pass on his genes to the next generation. Thus the categories of love are presented from this point of view. It is totally understandable that many people refuse the idea of just passing on the genes to the next generation as the only goal of their beings. The conception of love from the sociobiological point of view differs a lot from the Fromm´s understanding of love. However, the psychological views are shades into the Fromm´s views as it is influenced by his psychological education. Psychological conception of love describes the love according to the today´s psychologist views. There are three main views of love described in the bachelor thesis. It is not possible to decide if one is better than the other one. Psychology describes love as an emotional relationship which is characterized by the wide emotionality. On the contrary the sociobiology is science that lacks the emotions and its views is influenced by the evolution and biology. Although the impact of psychology is significant in Fromm´s works the sociology can also be identified. Each of the conceptions of love – Fromm´s, sociobiological or psychological prefers its own approach. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Terelmešová, Dagmar T1 - Teorie agresivity napříč obory [The Theory of Aggression across Disciplines], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2012, 58 pp. N2 - The aim of my paper is to introduce individual theories of aggression, which are divided according to the factors having influence on human aggressive behaviour and acting. Basically, the literature is chosen from the works of Erich Fromm, Sigmund Freud and Konrad Lorenz. This choice enabled to divide the issue into three basic areas, that is: biological, psychological and philosophical ones. All three areas are elaborated further by the issue of the child aggression origin, in subchapters. The impact of aggression on society is also emphasized by Hannah Arendt, who is trying to specify roots of social aggression, and is looking for individual and social responsibility for aggression. The theory, derived from those researches plus from subsequent modern psychological concept, attempts to reveal causes of aggression. Easier understanding of aggression causes would enable to influence or eliminate factors causing/strengthening aggression, either caused by society or by ourselves. Such understanding is the aim of all scientists, who sacrificed their lives to research of aggression, a phenomenon so dangerous for human beings. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trümmers, Britta T1 - Freiheit und Sachzwang in der modernen Gesellschaft. Zu den Theorien von Erich Fromm, Amartya Sen und Ulrich Thielemann, Bacherlorarbeit, Fachbereich Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften, Fachhochschule Düsseldorf, Grin Verlag 2011, 65 pp. N2 - In dieser Arbeit sollen anhand des Freiheitsbegriffes die Zwänge der modernen Gesellschaften beschrieben werden. Da der Begriff der Freiheit ein weitläufiges Themenspektrum umfasst, beschränkt sie sich auf die Theorien von Erich Fromm, Amartya Sen und Ulrich Thielemann. In ihren Überlegungen beschäftigt sich die Autorin mit verschiedenen Anknüpfungspunkten zum Freiheitsbegriff, hierbei stehen die Wirkungsweisen menschlichen Handelns im Vordergrund. Insbesondere soll die Freiheit in der modernen Gesellschaft, im Hinblick auf die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen und den sich daraus ergebenden Sachzwängen beleuchtet werden. Dazu beschreibt die Autorin zu Beginn die Charakteristiken einer modernen Gesellschaft, um ein grundlegendes Verständnis zu schaffen, auf welchen Gesellschaftstyp sich die folgenden Überlegungen beziehen. Nach einer allgemeinen Betrachtung des Freiheitsbegriffs soll die Freiheit in der modernen Gesellschaft behandelt werden, und zwar wie jene Freiheit unter den Bedingungen wirtschaftlicher und politischer Einflüsse zu betrachten ist. Aus diesen Einflüssen ergeben sich Konsequenzen, die sowohl die äußere wie auch die innere Freiheit beeinträchtigen. Welche Positionen die Politik, unter den Bedingungen der freien Marktwirtschaft einnimmt, wird anschließend thematisiert. Im anschließenden Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich die Autorin zunächst mit dem Begriff Sachzwang, um nachfolgend die Instanzlosigkeit der Marktwirtschaft zu verdeutlichen. Aus dieser Instanzlosigkeit resultiert eine veränderte Wahrnehmung, welche den Sachzwang als natürliche Gegebenheit erscheinen lässt, doch in Wahrheit stehen Personen beziehungsweise Personenkreise hinter den Sachzwängen, welche es zu identifizieren gilt. Aus all den Verknüpfungen ergibt sich dann die allgemeine Frage nach der Lebensqualität in der Zwangslage und nach den wahrhaftigen Bedürfnissen der Menschen. Die Problemlösungen als Ausblick sollen vor allem den Bogen zur Freiheit zurückspannen, denn nachdem der Begriff der Freiheit zu Beginn viele Fragen aufwirft, scheint abschließend die Freiheit auch diese Fragen beantworten zu wollen. [Eurobuch.com] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tian, Yuting T1 - Escapists in Predicaments: On the Escape Theme of Katherine Mansfield’s Short Stories, Master thesis, World Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2021 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - The prominent modernist writer Katherine Mansfield exhibits her innovative modernity, mixture of complex sentiments and rational interior exploration most conspicuously in her short stories. Yet despite the modernity of her thought, spontaneity and extroversion, of her expression and her other pivotal contributions to modernist literature, she is marginalized in literary arena with some of her themes, such as escape, being neglected by her readership and scholarship. However, escape as a complex and action has actually been one of the most essential themes recurring in Mansfield’s short stories and her life when she has kept struggling between idealism and realism. And escape as a shared choice of her characters trapped in predicaments or psychological dilemmas is often formulated in the contradiction between the escapists and society as well as their own intrapsychic conflict. Therefore, the thesis will engage Erich Fromm’s theories of human nature and escape to offer a socio-psychological reading of Mansfield’s escape theme accordingly. The thesis discusses the escape theme of Mansfield’s 16 short stories in three aspects of manifestations, causes and final destinations of escape. Chapter one focuses on the two major patterns of escape in terms of its manifestation: retreat and camouflage, which are respectively defined by escapists’ receptive orientation or marketing orientation. Receptive oriented Rosabel and the old lady and marketing oriented Gregory and Duquette are among the train of escapists examined here.– Chapter two unrolls the causes of the escape. The external determinants include three kinds of social forces restraining various human needs and two kinds of alienated family relations caused by authority or immature love. Miss Brill’s escape posed by social ostracism, Linda’s escape stemming from social convention and Ma Parker’s escape due to social hierarchy demonstrate how these three social forces determine their escapes. Moreover, escapes of Kezia and Matilda as results of their alienated relations with parents and the escapists including Monica and Mr. Salesby formulated in their alienated relations with spouses highlight the causality between the alienated family relations and escape. And the internal determinant refers to the identity dilemma that stems from one’s doubt over either his real self or social self. Both Bertha’s escape from her real self and Millie’s from her social self are made in a common backdrop of their identity dilemma.– As for the two opposite destinations including the positive and the negative ones, chapter three elucidates them as respectively the results of positive freedom or negative freedom procured by escapists represented by Miss Moss. Briefly, either through retreat or camouflage, most escapists perpetuate or exacerbate their predicaments after transient alleviation brought by their escapes. Only a few productive oriented ones could escape from predicaments ultimately for their escapes underpinned by their productiveness are quintessentially spontaneous negotiations with the world rather than self-deluding compromises or evasions. Hence they could realize their inherent potentiality, remain self-consciousness and external connection in the midst of escape and extricate themselves from their predicaments afterwards.– Besides, the theme of escape illustrated in the thesis is actually imbued with Mansfield’s own life experience and philosophy. Through offering a socio-psychological interpretation of Mansfield’s escape theme, the thesis hence hopefully aims to enrich the understanding of Mansfield and her characters, draw more attention to Mansfield and invoke, in particular, more reflections on the escape of her short stories, especially in the contemporary context of human existence. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Wenhua T1 - Study on Marx’s Class Concept and Its Contemporary Value, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2021. N2 - Marx’s concept of class not only plays an important role in the formation of early Marxist philosophy, but also deepens it in the exploration of late Marxist philosophy. Because Marx began to construct the concept of >class< from the early stage, and constantly deepened the concept of kind in the mature and late stage, so the study of Marx’s concept of class is of great significance to understand and grasp the development process of Marxist philosophy and the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy. However, because Marx criticized Feuerbach’s abstract concept of class and didn’t directly use the terms related to the concept of class in his later period, most researchers in the academic circles think that Marx’s concept of class is an >immature< concept, and Marx later replaced the concept of class with the concept of >society<. Therefore, based on Marx’s early and late original works, this paper will deeply explore the historical evolution of Marx’s concept of category, so as to objectively refute the above >immature< view. Althusser and Fromm hold opposite views on Marx’s concept of class. The former thinks that Marx’s early >ideological stage< involves >class< thought, while the latter >scientific< stage abandons >class< thought. Fromm thinks that there is only one humanistic Marx, and Marx’s concept of class has continuity. It is undeniable that Marx did use the philosophical terms with the color of Feuerbach’s >class concept<, and also highly valued the historical achievements of Feuerbach’s philosophy, but this does not lead to the conclusion that Marx’s class concept remained in the Feuerbach stage. Through the analysis of Marx’s concept of class and its formation process, this paper finds that although Marx’s concept of class has inherited and developed the terms related to Feuerbach’s concept of class, it has fundamentally gone beyond the basic connotation of Feuerbach’s concept of class, and has continued to deepen in Marx’s mature and late works. Therefore, the basic connotation of Marxist concept is not a mature concept, but it runs through Marxist philosophy. The study of Marx’s concept of class has two dimensions of theoretical and practical value. The theoretical dimension is conducive to maintaining the integrity of Marx’s philosophical thought and opposing the >class theory< of Marx’s thought. In the practical dimension, Marx’s concept of category provides philosophical basis for the construction of contemporary Chinese philosophy, the correct handling of the relationship between man and nature, and a community with a shared future for mankind. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Xingyue T1 - Multi-layered Narrative and Revenge Action – The Creative Interpretation and Reflection of the Movie Literary Script >No Escape<, Master thesis, Chinese Literature, Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The film literary drama >No Escape< is a crime genre drama with the theme of >revenge<. It mainly tells that Fang Tonghang, a spiritless novelist in a small town, discovered that his uncle suddenly became a suspect in a murder case. In order to clear his uncle’s suspicion, Fang Tonghang had to find the real murderer within three days. During the process of finding the real murderer, Fang Tonghang uncover a twenty-year past by visiting and researching different witnesses and exhibits. The plot finally focuses on a broken father-daughter relationship, discussing the alienation of people under money worship. The main storyline of the film literary drama >No Escape< is that the small town novelist Fang Tonghang received a contract intention from Honghui Publishing center after repeated setbacks in his work. The victim was Zou Tezhu, vice president of Honghui Group, who went to Li town for a holiday in a low-key manner. By mistake, the former assistant policeman Zhiwei, who chased the traffickers because of suspicion, became the >true murderer< witnessed by the inn attendant Xiao Mao. To restore his uncle Fang Zhiwei’s innocence, Fang Tonghang had to be ordered by Wei Tingjun, vice president of the Honghui Group, capture the real murderer within three days. Through interviews with waiter Xiaomao, uncle Wu who sells cigarettes, cleaning staff aunt Wu, and Wei Tingjun, the party concerned, the possibility of the murderer was found. In the end, real murderer Jing Lan was identified by the return trafficker Lao San in the secondary plot.– Creation interpretation uses five parts: summary of the work, character setting, narrative structure, mirror language style and creative reflection to sort out and think about the drama creation. The main part of the work overview is based on the origin of the topic selection, around the drama structure, combined with the aesthetic tendency of the genre film and the moral and ethical themes, it tells the origin of the creation and a brief plot analysis. The character setting part mainly focuses on the three main characters of Fang Tonghang, Jing Lan, and Wei Tingjun, explaining the significance of their creation, using Maslow’s demand theory and Marx’s theory of human alienation proposed by Fromm to explain the projections on Jing Lan and Wei Tingjun. In the narrative structure, use the book-in-book structure similar to the movie >Atonement<, and focus on the >introduction of events< and >critical events< proposed by Syd Field, which will introduce the construction before the event and the internal operation rules of the key event Describe. Mirror language style part analyzes the basic aesthetic structure of this drama, taking the Korean crime genre film >Crypsycho-politics< has a self-evident need to be distinguished from the analytic Marxism of Fromm, Horkheimer, and Althusser. On the surface, although psychoanalysis and psychopolitics share the thinking of >spirit<, their purport and analysis methods are quite different. Psychoanalysis of Marxism is to psychoanalysis as a way to how individual psychology works interpretation in the manipulation of capitalism, and Han Byung-chul political theory put forward by the spirit is the spiritual production as the breakthrough point, discusses the new liberal regime by >self optimization> and >emotion< economic Angle used to describe the spirit be capital. In fact, this is also a critique of the capitalist ideology of deep thinking. As a social critic, Han Byung-chul was influenced by the development of contemporary capitalist society and the theories of the existing social critics. So he is not only in combination with the new situation of the contemporary developed capitalism, at the same time also learn to many social critics, especially the critical theory of Marx’s capital, the Frankfurt school’s theory of ideological criticism, aesthetic liberation theory and life, a political scientist at foucault and others thought, for their own critical theory analysis model to lay the ideological foundation. After the politics of life has become an important perspective of neoliberal governance, the politics of spirit proposed by Han Byung-chul can be regarded as an important supplement to the politics of life. At present, the thinking of governance should also shift from physical domination to spiritual thinking. Han Byung-chul ’s overall analysis of psycho-politics contains the overall logic of neoliberal power operation. In Byung-Chul Han’s analysis, burnout society, transparent society and performance society constitute three perspectives to examine contemporary capitalism, which also contains the results of the role of spiritual and political power, monitoring power and capital power. Among them, the theory of >self-exploitation< constitutes the core theory of Byung-Chul Han’s critique of psychopolitics. Whether >self-exploitation< constitutes a breakthrough point to solve contemporary problems beyond Marx’s critical view of capital. This paper attempts to understand the theory of self-exploitation put forward by Han Byung-chul from the perspective of Marx’s capital criticism. Although Han Byung-chul thinks that self-exploitation constitutes the existing state of contemporary individual alienation, he does not understand the way of individual existence from the employment labor system, so he does not get to the root of individual alienation in capitalist society. Secondly, by analyzing Marx’s critique of political economy to Han Byung-chul proposed social alienation phenomenon, we found that the power of capital as the essential power structure of the contemporary social daily life way, and Han Byungchul liberation path is not functioning, according to the theory of capital and power in modern society, but only through the liberation of consciousness, Therefore, it misses the essential elements of the critique of capitalism. Han Byung-chul’s theory of self-exploitation is not tenable in the context of political economy criticism. Self-exploitation is simply the result of modern capitalism making its methods of exploitation more secretive. Han Byung-chul’s critique of contemporary capitalist society based on the theory of psycho-politics does not surpass the theoretical roots of Marx’s critique of capital. However, Marx’s critical theory of political economy may respond to the current form of social alienation as an essential dimension of Marx’s critical theory of political economy, which criticizes the mode of production and multiplication of capital. Han Byung-chul is based on a contemporary social critical theory constructed in the development reality of contemporary capitalism. The ultimate appeal of his theory is consistent with That of Marx. Han Byung-chul perspective of contemporary capitalist society effectiveness not only embodies the contemporary of Marxism, but also face to face with modern problems put forward the path of liberation and beyond, is to rebuild the other in order to reconstruct a new relationship, at the same time through lust to open up a redemption of emotions and the individual psychology, and to call for the reconstruction of the authority, a truth so as to resist the rule of capitalism. The road of aesthetic redemption of Frankfurt School also constitutes a main way for Han Byung-chul to transcend modernity. He criticizes the logic of contemporary capital multiplication, so as to escape the alienation caused by capital to individuals through the desire for beauty, and reform individual life field through aesthetic redemption. In general, it is very valuable for Han Byung-chul to analyze the pathological features of contemporary capitalist society based on >psycho-politics<. He provided a new way of thinking about the contemporary capitalist society and deepened his criticism of the capitalist society. However, he did not clarify the root of capitalist social alienation, did not combine the basic thinking of Marx and Engels’ political economy criticism, and only gave a limited way to transcend social alienation from the subject point of view. However, Han Byung-chul’s critical theory of spiritual politics also has some practical enlightenment, that is, it urges us to reflect on the operating mechanism of contemporary capitalist society, liberate alienated labor, and promote the reform of civilization concept. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Lijuan T1 - Study on Teaching Strategy of Family Unit in Junior High School Edited by the Ministry, Master thesis, Secondary Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China 2022. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] Family affection is the emotion that can’t cut off in one’s whole life. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has always attached great importance to family ties. Family education is never out of date. The Times call for students with both moral integrity and ability. In recent years, the rapid development of China’s economy has also brought a series of problems, the weak concept of family affection and the lack of family education has aroused people’s high attention. This paper takes the family affection unit of the unified compilation of junior high school Chinese textbooks that has been put into use nationwide as the research object, and discusses the family affection unit from five aspects, including the following contents. First of all, the paper reveals the basis and necessity of family affection education in junior high school chinese. Theories include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Erikson’s theory of stages of personality development and Fromm’s art of loving. Then from the three aspects of moral cultivation, socialist cultural construction and carrying forward the traditional virtues of filial piety and respect for the elderly, the necessity of this research is expounded.– Secondly, it sorts out the compilation of the unified version of junior high school Chinese family unit, and analyzes it from four dimensions: text selection system, reading aid system, practice system and knowledge system. Also it excavates the hidden teaching resources in the books.– Thirdly, it investigates the current situation of the unified junior high school Chinese family unit teaching, and on the basis of analyzing the data, it finds that there are problems such as insufficient in-depth text interpretation, old-fashioned and single reading way, insufficient emotional input, and lack of guidance in extended reading.– The fourth part discusses the implementation strategy of unified junior middle school Chinese family unit teaching. This chapter is also the core of this paper. Multiple teaching strategies can be adopted in the specific teaching practice of family unit. Such as the use of knowledge, rich knowledge reserves; In-depth reading of the text, mining the emotional value; Organize reading training to arouse emotional resonance; strengthen situational teaching to stimulate learning interest; carry out dialogue between teachers and students to generate feelings of affection; Linkage inside and outside the classroom, expand learning resources and so on.– Lastly, based on junior high school Chinese family unit teaching strategy to display two teaching designs >Golden Flower< and >Lotus Leaf-Mother<. [English: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Linrui T1 - Research on >The Cement Garden< after Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - Ian Mc Ewan is one of the most influential novelists in the contemporary British literary world. He has won he Booker Prize, the Maugham Prize for Literature and so on. Mc Ewan’s >The Cement Garden< was published in 1978, which is one of his outstanding and representative works in his early career. On the basis of Fromm’s theory of human nature the thesis aims to analyze the growth environment of the children in >The Cement Garden< and its influence on the construction of the children’s personality in three aspects: the needs satisfaction, the love interactions and the formation of social personalities. Through the analysis of the children’s growth in the three aspects the thesis interprets the inevitability the tragedy of the children and we can deeply understand Mc Ewan’s reflection on human nature and his pursuit and exploration of the sound human nature. The thesis is divided into four chapters besides introduction and conclusion. The introduction part briefly introduces Mc Ewan’s life, creation and his important work >The Cement Garden<. On this basis it reviews the research status of the novel both at home and abroad, thus clarifying the innovation of the thesis and explaining the purpose, significance and structure of the thesis. The first chapter is the theoretical basis, which briefly reviews the origin and development of Fromm’s theory of human nature. It discusses in detail the people’s needs, the emotion interactions and the formation of social personalities in the theory of human nature.– The second chapter analyzes the unsatisfying needs of the children in the construction of human nature. The insufficient association, the deficiency of root-seeking requirements and the unfulfilling sense of identity make the children cannot satisfy their critical needs in the growth process. Mc Ewan also shows that only by establishing contact and communication, paying attention to spiritual needs and improving sense of identity can the children improve their sound human nature in a positive and active life.– The third chapter discusses the lack of love interactions in the construction of human nature. Because of the mother’s unconditional love, the father’s conditional love, the unequal emotion interactions of the siblings and the abnormal and selfish self-love the family members lack the ability of caring for others and the ability of efficient interactions. At the same time the children also show the efforts to build the sound human nature in their limited brotherhood and pursuit of beauty and emotion.– The fourth chapter discusses the formation of the social personalities of the children in the construction of human nature. With the non-productive personality and the negative behavioral representations the children cannot interact effectively with the outside world and they drift away from the society. At the same time, Mc Ewan also shows that only in the satisfaction of human instinct and the healthy family relationships can the children form the positive social personality.– The conclusion part of the thesis points out that >The Cement Garden< reveals the necessity of a healthy growth environment for the construction of the sound human nature of the children. The exploration of children’s growth environment from the perspective of human nature theory not only shows the author’s concern for the human nature problem in the children’s growth, but also provides new ideas on how to construct the sound human nature in modern society. On the basis of Fromm’s theory of human nature the thesis analyzes the construction of human nature of the children in >The Cement Garden< in three aspects: the needs satisfaction, the love interactions and the formation of social personalities. Fromm’s theory of human nature shows that the satisfaction of needs, the comfort of emotions and the positive social personality are the indispensable factors for the construction of the sound human nature. In the novel the children grow up without these factors and result in the final tragic ending. However, >The Cement Garden< is not a worthless work describing the morbid survival state. Mc Ewen shows that the sound human nature plays an important role in the growth of children. Therefore, the novel is of profound social significance in arousing the concern and reflection of contemporary people on the construction of the sound human nature and healthy society. The analysis of >The Cement Garden< through the use of Fromm’s theory of human nature can provide a new perspective for the study of McEwen’s works. [English: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Lu T1 - A Study of Alienation in >The Sympathizer<, Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - Viet Thanh Nguyen is an outstanding contemporary American writer of Vietnamese descent. His debut work, >The Sympathizer<, has received widespread attention from the literary world since it was published and has won many literary awards. >The Sympathizer< tells the protagonist’s story serving as a double-face spy in North Vietnam and South Vietnam after the Vietnam War. He is torn not only between his covert mission and his cover identity but also between his homeland and the United States, and between his French and Vietnamese ancestries. He splits between these two worlds. Being tortured by multiple identities, coupled with a tense individual environment, his inner world is full of anxiety, and eventually alienated. In addition to this, characters in >The Sympathizer< are all alienated to some degree. Erich Fromm is a famous American psychoanalyst and an important representative of the Frankfurt School of Western Marxism. This thesis tends to apply his views on alienation to the discussion of the characters’ self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society in >The Sympathizer<, and probe into the causes of the alienation. The thesis includes an introduction, five main chapters, and a conclusion. The introductory section briefly introduces Viet Thanh Nguyen’s life experience and the main content of >The Sympathizer<, literature review, and the thesis statement.– Chapter 1 briefly describes the origins and development of the alienation theory and focuses on Fromm’s viewpoints on alienation. This chapter points that the alienation is chiefly embodied in human alienation which includes people’s self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society.– Chapter 2 analyzes the self-alienation in >The Sympathizer<. The characters’ self-alienation can be presented through changes in their identity, behavior, and psychology.– Chapter Three analyzes the alienation in interpersonal relations in >The Sympathizer< mainly from the two aspects of family relationship and gender relationship. In the alienation of family relations, the absence of the father and the contempt of relatives are discussed. In the alienation of the relationship between the sexes, the imbalance between the status of lovers’ sexual pleasure instead of love is analyzed, which indicates that there is neither love nor trust or responsibility among people, but merely hostility and indifference.– Chapter 4 analyzes the alienation from society. The scope of all human activities must be governed and manipulated by relevant rules and regulations. It is mainly reflected in the fact that people become tools in social activities. At the same time, people follow the principle of benefit-oriented behavior in actions.– Chapter 5 analyzes the factors leading to human alienation from two aspects: external factors and internal factors. The former includes wars between nations, splits within countries, and different cultural values between the white and nonwhite; the latter involves moral degradation and the strong power of Hollywood discourse.– The conclusion indicates that alienation is widespread in the society and it is a common problem or challenge faced by all human beings. The thesis applies Fromm’s alienation theory to conduct a comprehensive analysis of >The Sympathizer<, aiming to expose the alienation phenomenon in society truly and profoundly, which helps people seek the right direction on the road of self-seeking and has specific practical significance. [www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Shan T1 - A Study of Women's Pursuit of Freedom under Fromm's Theory of Freedom – Taking Peter Handke's >Wunschloses Unglück< and >Die linkshändige Frau< as an Example [弗洛姆自由理论下女性追求自由之研究 ——以彼得·汉德克的《无欲的悲歌》和《左撇子女人》为例], Master thesis, World Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 彼得·汉德克(1942.12.06—)是奥地利著名作家、剧作家、电影编剧和导演。2019年汉德克获得了诺贝尔文学奖。20世纪70年代汉德克发表了两部以女性为主人公的作品——《无欲的悲歌》(1972)和《左撇子女人》(1976)。在这两部作品中,汉德克笔触细腻地书写了两个女主人公——母亲和玛丽安娜对自由的追求,揭示了男权社会对女性长久的压迫以及女性在弱势境况下的抗争,作品一经发表就引起了社会的高度关注。汉德克笔下的两位女主人公对自由的追求是贯穿两部作品的线索。国内外大多数学者对两部作品的研究都集中女性主义、互文性、叙事手法等角度,尚未有学者从女性追求自由的角度对两部作品进行阐释。因此,本文旨在以弗洛姆自由理论解读母亲和玛丽安娜的追求自由之路并深入剖析两个女主人公追求自由不同结局的原因,进而阐明汉德克的女性自由观。个体为获得自由而摆脱了既为其提供庇护又束缚其发展的>始发纽带<后,陷入了无能为力的孤立状态。面对巨大的无助和孤独,个体有两种选择:一种是逃避自由带来的负担,以牺牲自我为代价逃向>继发纽带<,重新建立依赖与臣服关系;另一种则是继续前进,积极发挥自发性,努力实现以个体的独一无二及个性为基础的积极自由。母亲被原生家庭保护的同时,也被其束缚,因此她选择逃离原生家庭。然而面对着失去原生家庭这一>始发纽带<后的巨大的孤独和无助,母亲以牺牲自我为代价,试图通过臣服于男权、盲从于他人在>继发纽带<中获得安全和稳定。然而>继发纽带<只是禁锢个体的又一个枷锁,母亲最终心灰意冷,选择逃避现实,而这更加剧了母亲的孤独和无助。最终,在现实和理想之间的困境中徘徊的母亲没能获得自由,而是走向了灭亡。玛丽安娜在获得看似幸福,实则枯燥乏味的婚姻庇护的同时,也被其压抑了个性,束缚了发展。因此玛丽安娜选择逃离婚姻这一>始发纽带<。但与母亲的选择相反,玛丽安娜在面对逃离婚姻后的孤独和无助时,并未逃向>继发纽带<,而是选择正视孤独,坚持自我,勇敢反抗男权,在积极同世界相连中探寻生命的意义。最终,玛丽安娜获得了积极自由。母亲和玛丽安娜追求自由结局不同,究其原因可从主客观两个层面进行分析。在保守压抑的环境中长大的母亲习惯性依赖他人,害怕孤独且抗拒独处,并在不平等的感情关系中愈发失去爱人与爱己的能力,这些都一定程度上对母亲追求自由产生消极影响。而玛丽安娜则在较为开明宽松的家庭氛围中长大,在追求自由过程中不仅始终坚持自我,正视孤独,在独处中通过内省反思自我,而且能够有尊严地爱人和爱己,保持对生活的热忱,在爱中积极与世界相连。此外,玛丽安娜所处时代正值女权运动兴起,女性意识觉醒,这为玛丽安娜追求自由创造了有利客观条件。对比母亲和玛丽安娜对自由之追求可窥汉德克的女性自由观。汉德克认为女性只有在良好的客观生存环境和自身主观努力缺一不可的情况下方能获得积极自由。在他看来,独处是女性通往自由的必经之路,在独处中女性方能通过自省找到与世界相处的模式;对生活、自我及他人之爱是女性追求自由的动力源泉;良好的日常生活环境则为女性获得自由创造了必要条件。 N2 - Peter Handke (1942.12.06-) is a famous Austrian author, playwright, film screenwriter and director. In 2019 Handke was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In the 1970s Handke published two works featuring female protagonists – >Wunschloses Unglück< (1972) [>A Sorrow Beyond Dreams: A Life Story<] and >Die linkshändige Frau< (1976) [>The Left-Handed Woman<]. In these two works, Handke wrote delicately about the pursuit of freedom by the two female protagonists, Mother and Marianne, and revealed the long-standing oppression of women by the patriarchal society as well as the struggle of women in disadvantaged situations, which aroused a great deal of attention from the society upon the publication of the works. The pursuit of freedom by the two heroines in Handke's work is the thread running through the two works. Most scholars at home and abroad have focused on feminism, intertextuality and narrative techniques, but no scholars have interpreted the two works from the perspective of women's pursuit of freedom. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use Fromm's theory of freedom to interpret the pursuit of freedom of the mother and Marianne, and to analyze the reasons for the different endings of the two heroines' pursuit of freedom, so as to elucidate Handke's view of women's freedom.– In order to be free, an individual is trapped in a helpless and isolated state after getting rid of the >initiating bond< that both shelters and restrains her development. Faced with great helplessness and loneliness, the individual has two choices: one is to escape from the burden of freedom, fleeing to the >secondary ties< at the expense of the self and re-establishing a relationship of dependence and submission; the other is to move on, actively exercising spontaneity and striving to realize positive freedom based on the uniqueness and individuality of the individual. The mother was protected by her family of origin but at the same time bound by it, so she chose to run away from her family of origin. However, faced with great loneliness and helplessness after losing the >initial bond< of the family of origin, the mother tries to obtain security and stability in the >secondary bond< by submitting to the male authority and blindly obeying others at the expense of herself. However, the >secondary bond< is just another shackle that imprisons the individual, and the mother eventually becomes disillusioned and chooses to escape from reality, which exacerbates the mother's loneliness and helplessness. In the end, the mother, who is torn between the reality and the ideal, does not gain freedom, but goes to her demise. While Marianne is sheltered by the seemingly happy but actually boring marriage, she is also suppressed by it and restricted in her development. Therefore, Marianne chooses to run away from the >initiating bond< of marriage. However, contrary to her mother's choice, Marianna does not run away to the >secondary bond< when she faces the loneliness and helpless¬ness after running away from her marriage. Instead, she chooses to face the loneliness squarely, insist on her own self, bravely resist the patriarchal power, and explore the meaning of life in actively connecting with the world. In the end, Marianne obtains positive freedom.– The reasons for the different endings of mother and Marianne's pursuit of freedom can be analyzed from both subjective and objective levels. Growing up in a conservative and repressive environment, the mother is habitually dependent on others, afraid of lone¬liness and resistant to being alone, and loses her ability to love people and herself in unequal relationships, all of which have a certain degree of negative impact on her pursuit of freedom. Marianne, on the other hand, grew up in a more open and relaxed family atmosphere, and in her pursuit of freedom, she not only insists on herself, faces loneliness, and reflects on herself through introspection in solitude, but also is able to love people with dignity, maintains enthusiasm for life, and actively connects with the world in love. In addition, Marianne lived in the era of the rise of feminist movement and the awakening of women's consciousness, which created favorable conditions for Marianne's pursuit of freedom. Comparing the pursuit of freedom between her mother and Marianne, we can see Handke's view of women's freedom. Handke believes that women can only obtain positive freedom if they have a good objective living environment and their own subjective efforts. In his view, solitude is a necessary path to freedom, in which women can find a mode of living with the world through introspection; love of life, self and others is the source of motivation for women's pursuit of freedom; and a good daily life environment creates the necessary conditions for women's freedom. [Translation: www.DeepL./Translator, free version, 7/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Tian T1 - Research on Fromm’s Humanistic Thought, Master thesis, Philosophy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China 2022. N2 - Nowadays, the society is in the rapid development stage of scientific and technological innovation. However, to some extent, the traditional extensive concept of development has led to increasingly tense conflicts, resulting in increasingly serious conflicts between man and nature, man and man, man and society, and man and himself, seriously affecting the sound development of human society. In China, people-oriented is the starting point and the driving force of social development. >People-centered< is an important principle for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this regard, the importance of human beings is self-evident. In the field of foreign humanistic thought, Fromm is one of the most representative scholars. This thesis examines Fromm’s anthropological thought from three aspects: the formation, logical composition, and evaluation of his anthropological thought. The formation of Fromm’s humanistic thought is inseparable from three aspects: personal experience, social background, and its theoretical origin. In the logical composition of Fromm’s humanistic thought, human nature is the core element of Fromm’s humanistic thought. He carried out research and analysis on human nature from four aspects. First, the dualistic definition of human nature. Specifically discussed from the following angles: one was based on the original living conditions, insurmountable survival ambiguities and non-inevitable history to explain the contradiction of human nature; the other was to analyze the relationship between human nature and human nature and the relationship between human nature and survival needs to interpret human consciousness. Secondly, Fromm regarded the concept of social character as the intermediary link between individuals and society. Thirdly, Fromm analyzed the concept of alienation from the perspective of psychology and sociology, and exposed the alienation of people in modern Western society in the unconscious level and the reality level through criticizing the alienation of capitalism. Finally, Fromm put forward a set of strategies for solving alienation problems based on psychological revolution and social revolution, which provides a relatively complete solution strategy for the problem of social change. Specifically, it takes >moral renewal< as a prerequisite, and at the same time takes into account the reform work in the political, economic and cultural fields, so as to create a better environment for the all-round development of individuals. Fromm’s anthropological thought has the characteristics of value presupposition and utopia. From the standpoint of Marxism, although Fromm’s humanistic thought has certain limitations, the humanistic criticism of his humanistic thought on society has promoted the happiness and development of human beings, which has certain practical significance. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Day, Adam M. B. T1 - Construing Natural Restorative Environments in Individuals Treated for Cancer, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2013, 149+10 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2883&context=etd] N2 - Restorative environments (RE) are increasingly being explored for their potential to foster psychophysiologic restoration and promote health and well-being. However, there is a paucity of research that focuses on oncology populations. The purpose of this study was to explore whether individuals treated for cancer with chemotherapy construed natural restorative environments (NREs) differently than age- and gender-matched individuals never treated for cancer. Fifteen individuals treated for cancer with chemotherapy (11 females and 4 males; treatment group) and 15 age- and gender-matched individuals (comparison group) participated in interviews and completed repertory grids based on construing NREs. Constructs were elicited directly from participants based on 10 standard a priori elements of natural settings, as well as an eleventh ideal NRE that was generated by each participant based on their preferences. Additionally, participants rated elements according to a standard construct defined as overall restorative – overall not restorative. Repertory grid data were analyzed both ideographically and nomothetically. Idiographic analyses indicated that while variation existed in the way NREs were construed, there were important similarities that indicated individual data could be aggregated. Subsequent nomothetic analyses revealed few differences in how individuals in either group construed NREs. Overwhelmingly, an ideal NRE was described as wild or remote natural environment that included a vista and water. The degree of naturalness was ultimately found to be the most important factor in predicting the restorative potential of a given natural environment, followed by interpretations of structure and the presence of water. Given that no differences were found between groups relative to how NREs were construed, it was determined that the experience of cancer and chemotherapy did not meaningfully impact the way participants in this study construed NREs. Therefore, it is anticipated that research and practice in the RE field that primarily targets healthy populations could be translated to oncology contexts with little difficulty. Given that individuals experiencing ill-health and disability secondary to cancer may stand to benefit meaningfully from restorative experiences with nature, fostering connections with nature and the environment in these contexts should be a future area of focus in the RE field. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dwi Junianto, Haris T1 - Humanistic Perspective Of Andrea’s Persoanlites As Reflected In Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name<, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), English Letters, English Letters Department, Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty, State Islamic Institute of Surakarta, Java, Indonesia 2017, 73+13 pp., English. [core.ac.uk/download/296470823.pdf] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - This research is an analysis about Andrea’s personalities that is performed by the main character Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The humanistic perspective will use to reveal Andrea’s personalities. The objectives of the research are to describe Andrea’s personalities based on humanistic perspective of Erich Fromm. This research employs descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are divided into primary and secondary data. The primary data are taken from >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< by Christina Reid. The secondary data are other references that relate to the research such as humanistic perspective and other information about Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The type of the data in this research is words, phrases, clauses, and sentences which is has correlation with personalities. In this research, the researcher uses triangulation method to get the data validation. Triangulation method is taken by using some perspective theory. It means that the researcher puts several theories from different author but basically those theories have the similar content. The findings of research show Andrea’s personalities is the major of this research. The conflicts between Andrea and her grandfather show her personalities. Based on humanistic perspective, mechanism of escape, positive freedom, human existential needs and social character types, Andrea’s personalities reveals. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Elias, Paul T1 - Revolutionary Subjectivity in the Thought of Karl Marx, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Philosophy, Graduate Program, Social and Political Thought, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2019, 215+5 pp., English. [hdl.handle.net/10315/36650] N2 - This dissertation demonstrates several theses in relation to key components of Marx’s philosophy that conventional interpretations either misrepresent or overlook. The chief thesis concerns his idea of revolutionary subjectivity which is demonstrably inconsistent and undertheorized. The main areas of Marx’s work that are explored to elucidate this idea are his ontology and method, philosophical anthropology, idea of >communist society,< and theory of history. Insight into these and other aspects of his work can be derived through analysis of a tradition of social philosophy which has its origins in ancient Hellenic thought. Marx’s strongest inspiration from this period came from the philosophy of Aristotle, whose work profoundly influenced his understanding of human development and his idea of >free< life-activity and relations. A key component of this tradition is the ontological idea that >reason governs the world.< Marx sublated the form that it took in Hegel’s philosophy. Inspired by Hegel’s idea that >reason< is ‘at work’ in human history through a process of >estrangement,< Marx claimed that the capitalist mode of production is instrumental in the development of the productive forces and the >integral development< of the revolutionary working class. According to Marx the creation of revolutionary subjectivity takes place through >estrangement< and >revolutionary practice.< On his premises, such developmentally self-transformative life-activity is indispensable for the development of the capacities required for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and reorganization of social life. And yet he also claimed that the life-activity of working people in capitalist society has a tendency to ruin them physically and mentally. An accurate representation of this problem at the heart of Marx’s idea of revolutionary subjectivity – and thus of this idea itself – requires an emphasis on his sensitivity to the subjective-mental dimension of human life (his incipient psychology and theory of >mind<) and the development of individual ‘ethical’ capacities in particular. This dissertation concludes by rearticulating elements of Marx’s thought about >estrangement< and human subjectivity with Husserlian phenomenology and Freudian psychoanalysis (including some of Melanie Klein’s revisions of it) so as to establish a fruitful starting point for sublating Marx’s social philosophy. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Costa Monteiro de Souza, Thiago da T1 - The Bolsa Família Case: A Road to the Unconditional Basic Income, Master thesis, Political Science, Faculty of Human Social Sciences, Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 2021, 97+9 pp. [run.unl.pt/handle/10362/130845] N2 - The theory of the Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) has been debated for centuries (Suplicy, 2006). However, one of the major obstacles to the implementation of the UBI is lack of empirical testing. Basic Income pilots have been put into practice in recent years around the world (Standing, 2013). Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs that resemble the UBI, to a certain degree, as is the case of the Bolsa Família (BF), have also been implemented. This project is internationally considered as an example of success in combating historical poverty and inequality in Brazil. Observing what lessons may be learned from the Brazilian experience, the present work thus aims to analyze the Bolsa Família program so that contributions to current UBI studies may also be considered. To achieve this end, based on the theoretical foundations of the UBI (Van Parijs, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, Mckay, 2001, Vanderborght, 2005, 2006, Standing, 2013, Pettit, 2007, Purdy, 1988, Merrill and Neves, 2021), some central topics are addressed, namely: (i) Freedom, (ii) Labor, (iii) Politics and (iv) Feminism. In addition, existing Basic Income projects are taken into account (Widerquist, 2019; Suplicy, 2006). Subsequently, the present study focuses on the Bolsa Família experience, narrating the genesis of the program, as well as its implementation and evolution over the years, which makes it possible to look into how the Brazilian socioeconomic indexes (Campello et al, 2013; Neri, 2018) have been affected since the creation of this Income Transfer policy. The main developments of the Bolsa Família project are then analyzed from the theoretical perspective of the UBI with a focus on the aforementioned topics, that is, Freedom, Labor, Politics and Feminism. From a preliminary stance, it may be observed that the Bolsa Família was enhanced especially up until 2013, when the Brazilian trade balance was going through a thriving moment of positive economic rates. However, upon reaching a period of crisis and unemployment, there were multiple setbacks in socioeconomic achievements obtained between 2003 and 2013. Hence, this work suggests that, if there were greater investments in quality public services, alongside investments in consumerism brought about by the BF, socioeconomic fluctuations would not have affected the beneficiaries of the CCT so strongly. Nevertheless, without intending to be an end in itself, the present work aims to engage and encourage the debate on setting up a functional and improved Unconditional Basic Income project. N2 - A teoria da Renda Básica Incondicional (RBI) tem sido debatida há séculos (Suplicy, 2006). No entanto, um dos grandes obstáculos à implementação da RBI é a falta de testes empíricos de políticas dessa natureza. Pilotos da Renda Básica têm sido colocados em prática nos ultimos anos ao redor do mundo (Standing, 2013). Programas de Transferência de Renda Condicionada que se assemelham em certo grau à RBI, como é o caso do Bolsa Família (BF), também têm sido implementados. Esse projeto é considerado internacionalmente como um exemplo de sucesso no combate à pobreza e à desigualdade históricas no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o programa Bolsa Família de modo a contribuir aos estudos da RBI, observando quais lições podem ser aprendidas a partir da experiência brasileira. Para tanto, com base nos fundamentos teóricos sobre RBI (Van Parijs, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, Mckay, 2001, Vanderborght, 2005, 2006, Standing, 2013, Pettit, 2007, Purdy, 1988, Merrill e Neves, 2021), propõe-se um debate em torno dos tópicos centrais dessa literatura, quais sejam: (i) Liberdade, (ii) Labor, (iii) Política e (iv) Feminismo. Adicionalmente, os projetos de Renda Básica já existentes serão brevemente citados (Widerquist, 2019; Suplicy, 2006). A partir dessa revisão de literatura, o trabalho trata da experiência do Bolsa Família, narrando a gênese do programa, bem como sua implementação e evolução ao longo dos anos e como os índices socioeconômicos brasileiros (Campello et al, 2013; Neri, 2018) foram afetados desde a criação dessa política de Transferência de Renda. Em sequência, os desdobramentos principais do projeto Bolsa Família são analisados sob o prisma teórico da RBI com foco nos tópicos supracitados: Liberdade, Labor, Política e Feminismo. Em sede preliminar, observa-se que o Bolsa Família foi potencializado durante o momento de forte superavit econômico na balança comercial brasileira, sobretudo até 2013. No momento em que o país adentrou um período de crise e as taxas de desemprego escalam vertiginosamente, percebem-se múltiplos retrocessos nas conquistas socioeconômicas obtidas entre os anos de 2003-2013. Nessa lógica, o trabalho sugere que, caso houvesse um maior investimento em serviços públicos de qualidade, coordenado ao investimento em consumo gerado pelo BF, as oscilações socioeconômicas não teriam ocorrido. No entanto, não se propondo a ser um fim por si só, o presente trabalho visa a fomentar o debate acerca da construção de um projeto de Renda Básica Incondicional funcional e aperfeiçoado. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fresse, Dante A. T1 - Lang and Law: Analyzing Representations of Law, Justice, and Violence in the Films of Fritz Lang, Bachelor thesis, Film/Media Studies, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States 2018, 128+14 pp. [digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/473] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - This thesis analyzes the representations of Law, Justice, and Violence in the German and American films of Fritz Lang. Through an overview of legal and social unrest in Germany and courtroom drama, criminal conviction, mob violence, and police corruption in America, Lang challenges the legitimacy of Law and shows how it is subverted by outside forces. At other times, Lang shows Law working in collusion with criminal agencies or against the interests of the public. In doing this, Lang’s films present images of legal decay in the urban sphere, prompted by anxieties which come about through spatial alienation, city structure, penal institutions, and social cultures of violence. Emerging from Lang’s critique of Law is an ethical force which abides by the mechanisms of human nature, which Gunning calls the >destiny-machine.< This thesis uses Gunning’s theory of the >destiny-machine,< in conjunction with philosophical writings of Walter Benjamin to show how a critique of legal violence is shown through Lang films, as well as a correction method which presents itself through the deployment of mystical violence, taking the form of psychological instability and moral conscience in his characters. Through these forms of metaphysical violence, Lang shows images of a new future for Law, where its governing power is drawn from universal, objective moral principles of human nature, rather than the socially constructed and malleable institutions of the Law. My thesis connects these morally governing principles back to the fundamental human and religious experiences of Love. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Doležalová, Edita T1 - Pojetí člověka v kontextu humanitní psychologie [The Interpretation of a Man in the Context of Humanistic Psychology], Bachelor thesis, Pedagogy, Faculty of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic 2012, 57 pp., Czech. [dspace.tul.cz/server/api/core/bitstreams/c763b0b6-354f-4e73-8d30-20584e73aa13/content] N2 - Bakalářská práce se zabývá pojetím člověka v kontextu humanitní psychologie. Toto psychologické zaměření je v práci porovnáno s psychologií behavioristickou a jeho hlavní znaky jsou představeny a položeny do kontrastu s některými ostatními psychologickými směry. V první části díla jsou popsané některé myšlenkové směry předvědeckého období psychologie. N2 - This bachelor's thesis deals with the interpretation of a man in the context of humanistic psychology. This psychological field has been compared with the psychology of behaviorism and its main characteristics were introduced and put into the contrast with some other psychologically focused thoughts. There are some specifically chosen ways of thinking described in the first part of the thesis that were typical for pre-scientific period of psychology. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glavočić, Tia T1 - Etika i ljudska priroda: Od nepromjenjive ljudske prirode do biomedicinskog poboljšanja čovjeka [Ethics and Human Nature: From Immutable Human Nature to Biomedical Improvement of Man], Diploma thesis, Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2016., 124 pp., Croatian. [darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/11234/1/Tia%20Glavocic_Etika%20i%20ljudska%20priroda.pdf] N2 - [From introduction] Pitanje postojanja i naravi ljudske prirode zaokupljalo je filozofe od samog rođenja filozofskog mišljenja. Ljudska se priroda u povijesnom razvoju pojma često sagledavala pod vidom dualizma, primjerice, u orfičkom učenju, kod Platona, u skolastici i kod Descartesa. Pred-darvinovski koncepti vidjeli su ljudsku prirodu kao konstantnu: ljude od drugih bića razlikuje posjedovanje duše, kojoj se daje moralna vrijednost. Darwin iznosi evolucijsko viđenje koje naglasak stavlja na biologiju, za razliku od biheviorističkog viđenja, koje primat daje okolišu i kulturi. Marx pak odbacuje ideju zadane ljudske prirode, te iznosi tezu o socijalnom samoproizvođenju čovjeka. Kritiku ideje ljudske prirode iznose poststrukturalisti i postmodernisti (Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard), te teoretičari poput Hughesa i Buchanana. Obrana ideje ljudske prirode u modernom tehnoznanstvenom vremenu posebno je važna biokonzervativcima poput Fukuyame i Habermasa, koji će je istaknuti kao ključnu za očuvanje demokracije i čovjeka kao moralnog bića. (Selak, 2013) Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Froozan II, John Kenneth T1 - Liminal Beings Are We, Master thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Arts, Political Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States 2022, 116+16 pp., English. [scholarworks.utrgv.edu/etd/1138] N2 - This thesis establishes a foundation for liminality in political theory. Liminality, a concept mostly developed in anthropology, is used by them to describe middle periods in rites of passage. Unlike the anthropologists, I argue that liminality should be theorized phenomenologically. Utilizing the history of political philosophy, liminality is defined as a dialectical phenomenon that acts between and beyond the limits of things, Self, and Other. I describe liminality as an ontological-epistemological or existential condition that acts as a connecting tissue to both define what is and the space between entities. This requires that notions of power, politics, and their ends be re-evaluated. What liminality offers is new opportunities for theorizing politics by shifting attention away from individuals and toward the nature and quality of the relationships – the connections – between them. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Halperin, Robert T1 - Is Another World Possible?: Herbert Marcuse and Possibilities for >Real< Change, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Theory and Criticism, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2021, 102+5 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10679&context=etd] N2 - It has been difficult to effect concrete changes in our society that might adequately approach confronting the intersecting crises of capitalism, inequality, and ecology that we face in our era. Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory, and his notion of quantitative development leading to qualitative change, in combination with Hannah Arendt’s theories of action, natality, and the will, provide us with an appropriate lens through which to view these crises and diagnose the problems at hand. Additionally, Thomas Kuhn’s concepts of paradigms and ‘normal science,’ as well as Richard Rorty’s distinction between movements and campaigns provide us with more concrete ideas of what ‘quantitative development’ means. Paul Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor and metaphoricity can provide us with an understanding of what a guiding principle, such as inspiration or hope, can help us to achieve in attempting to effect concrete change. We must aim to make real the phrase ‘another world is possible. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hanáková, Aneta T1 - Frommovo pojetí člověka a výchovy [Fromm's Conception of Man and Education], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy of Humanities, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Humanities and Pedagogy, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic 2012, 50+7 pp., Czech. [dspace.tul.cz/server/api/core/bitstreams/033f1c5a-8ce7-4759-b8aa-8d4219f251f4/content] N2 - Bakalářská práce vymezuje termín člověk v jeho kontextu se společností, která určuje jeho charakter. Společenský charakter je typický pojem Ericha Fromma, který je dále rozpracováván skrze další témata a vlivy. V práci je zpracováno téma pojetí člověka v moderní společnosti. Následně jsou východiska směřována k principům výchovy. První část práce pojímá o Erichu Frommovi a jeho životě, vlivech, inspiracích, teoriích apod. Dále se zde vymezují důležité pojmy a témata vztahující se k podstatě bakalářské práce. V druhé části se představuje Frommova psychosociální teorie a dále je logicky rozpracovávána do dalších podkapitol. Třetí část se zabývá kontextem člověka a výchovy, konkrétně rolí přirozenosti ve výchově a následně se završuje do koncepce nového pojetí člověka a Frommova řešení krize člověka. Poslední, čtvrtá část rozebírá téma svobody a s ní související hlavní témata – strach ze svobody, faktory ve společenském procesu, autorita. N2 - This Bachelor thesis defines the term person in the context of the society that determines its character. The social character is the typical notion of Erich Fromm, who is further elaborated by other issues and influences. The paper describes the concept of a man in a modern society. Afterwards, the resources are directed to the principles of education. The first part of the work of Erich Fromm talks about his beginnings and his life, the influences, inspirations, theories, etc. It goes on to define the important terms and topics related to the essence of the thesis. The second part presents Fromm's psychosocial theory and it is further logically elaborated to another sections. The third part deals with the human context and education, specifically the role of human nature in education and then it completes the design of the new concept of a man and Fromm's human crisis. The fourth and last part discusses the topic of freedom associated with the main points – the fear of freedom, factors in social process, authority. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gao, Wuqiong T1 - A Study on the Thought of Consumption Alienation of Erich Fromm – Based on Marxist Theory Perspective, Doctoral dissertation, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm(1900-1980)was a German-American Jew, a humanistic philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist, and a member of the Frankfurt School. Later, he moved from Germany to the United States and still kept in touch with the school. Fromm’s theoretical construction all his life is based on his concern for the spiritual situation of westerners after World War II. His ideological theory was deeply influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis, which also showed the humanistic color of his theory. From the perspective of humanism, Fromm investigated the changes and development of capitalist economy, politics, culture, social psychology and social character structure in different historical periods, and pointed out that the capitalist society in the 20th century was in a state of total alienation. The analysis of the change of personality in capitalist society is the starting point of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought. He pointed out that capitalist society has shaped people’s personality into a feature of >willing to be controlled< to meet the needs of unlimited economic growth, which has created a prerequisite for capitalism to manipulate consumption and people’s consumption psychology. The formation of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought is deeply influenced by Marx’s labor alienation theory and Marcuse’s consumption alienation thought. Under the influence of Marxist theory, Fromm strongly criticized consumption as a tool of class rule in capitalist society, and then criticized that capitalist society made people become completely alienated people, and described the realistic state of human alienation. Fromm’s thought of consumption alienation has realized the combination with Marxism to a great extent. The Freudian psychological method he used in analyzing the alienation of people in capitalist society supplemented the study of Marxist alienation theory to a certain extent and broadened the horizon of Marxist study of historical materialism. In the aspect of criticizing capitalist consumption alienation, Fromm first analyzes the causes of consumption alienation, and further points out the concrete manifestations of consumption alienation in capitalist society, that is, money becomes an abstract form of labor, the way of obtaining and using is separated, and consumption itself becomes an end, etc. On this basis, he demonstrates in detail that consumption alienation deprives people of creativity, makes people lose their real needs, and finally leads to the alienation of the relationship between people and themselves. On the basis of criticizing the consumption alienation in capitalist society, Fromm proposed that the capitalist system is the root of consumption alienation, consumption alienation is fundamentally manifested as human alienation, and humanistic socialism is the concrete way to eliminate consumption alienation. The research on capitalist consumption alienation in western society is rich, but Fromm’s consumption alienation thought has its distinctive characteristics. On the whole, when Fromm criticized the alienation of capitalist consumption, he paid more attention to the change of social structure, the change of people’s living conditions and the realization of people’s free and all-round development from the perspective of Marxism, which also showed the Marxist theoretical characteristics in his ideological construction. Fromm’s consumption alienation thought has certain theoretical and practical significance. Generally speaking, it enriches and develops Marx’s alienation theory, lays the psychological theoretical foundation of consumption alienation theory, explores the social system root of consumption alienation, and constructs the socialist consumption ethics, which can provide new ideas for people to deal with consumption alienation and realize human freedom and liberation in modern society. At the same time, he also demonstrated the necessity and possibility of eliminating consumption alienation in the future socialism to realize people’s free and all-round development, and described the prospect of humanistic socialist society in detail. However, he regards psychological reconstruction as the basis of social change, which exposes the compromise of his ideological theory to the capitalist system, so his conception of future socialism is inevitably Utopian. At present, the research and reflection on Fromm’s consumption alienation thought can provide ideas for China to eliminate consumption alienation in the field of consumption. At present, the study of consumption alienation should be carried out under the Marxist theory of >all-round development of man<, the natural view of >harmonious unity between man and nature< and the theoretical view of >need<. Consumption alienation is not unique to capitalist society, but also exists in socialist countries. There are irrational consumption patterns in China’s consumption field, such as extravagant consumption, advanced consumption and blind consumption.In this regard, the article puts forward that deepening the system reform in the fields of economy, politics and education should be an effective way to curb consumption alienation, and build a >green consumption society< in China to replace the >western consumption society< by reshaping the consumption concept of environmental friendliness and sustainable development. In a word, the following basic conclusions can be drawn from the study of Fromm’s consumption alienation thought: (1) Fromm put forward the construction of humanistic socialism based on public ownership, which constitutes the logical framework of his consumption alienation thought; (2)If the society is dominated by irrational consumption patterns, it will inevitably destroy the ecological environment and mean the opposition between man and nature. Therefore, China should pay attention to the alienation phenomenon in the field of consumption and correctly handle the relationship between production and consumption. It is necessary to form a social atmosphere of rational consumption in society through innovative development concepts; (3) Fromm regards human’s freedom and liberation as the ultimate goal, which contains his strong expectation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature; (4)Fromm’s consumption alienation thought expands the contemporary vision of Marx’s alienation theory research. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - García Argueta, Ana Flor A1 - et al., T1 - El tratamiento informative que le dio La Prensa Gráfica al tema de homicidios en las páginas noticiosas durante Noviembre de 2009 a Febrero de 2010, Thesis, Journalism, Journalism Department, Faculty of Sciences and Humanities, University of El Salvador, El Salvador 2010, 131+7 pp., Spanish. [repositorio.ues.edu.sv/server/api/core/bitstreams/bb406101-b9a4-44b5-9e28-b58466c55320/content] N2 - [Introduction] En el Salvador el tema de la violencia, específicamente los homicidios se han posicionado en los diferentes medios de comunicación y especialmente en las páginas noticiosas de La Prensa Gráfica, quienes le dan cobertura de principio a fin a estos sucesos. Es por ello que la presente indagación se centró, en el tratamiento periodístico que le dio La Prensa Gráfica al tema de homicidios, durante un periodo determinado. Además explica las características y evolución que presentó el fenómeno en el país. En la presente investigación de carácter cualitativo, se obtuvieron resultados que explicaron cómo fue tratado el fenómeno por este medio y sus comunicadores, pero eso no es todo, resulta más interesante conocer sobre el grado de manipulación existente en la notas que publica. En su primer capítulo, el documento explica cuál es el objeto de la investigación, brinda las pautas necesarias para comprender el fenómeno del tratamiento periodístico de la problemática (homicidios), también encontramos los objetivos, limitaciones y alcances del estudio. En este apartado se podrán encontrar también generalidades como el tipo de investigación y su delimitación espacio– temporal. En el capítulo II, se explican las consideraciones teórico conceptuales, se encuentran definidos aquellos estudios que por su importancia y grado de similitud podrían ser tomados en cuenta como antecedentes de esta investigación; de igual forma, la perspectiva desde la cual se abordó. También contiene el sistema de conceptos necesario para el análisis e interpretación de algunos aspectos del trabajo. En el capítulo III se encuentra la metodología, explica puntualmente el proceder que se siguió en este estudio: La teoría, las técnicas de obtención de datos y los procedimientos de análisis, entre otras cosas. Finalmente, en el cuarto capitulo está la exposición de resultados; esta es la parte más importante, ya que expone la evidencia recabada en la indagación, cumpliendo así los objetivos trazados. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giannini, Robert E. T1 - Mysticism and social ethics: Thomas Merton seen in the light of Paul Tillich's theology, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements], Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland 1976, 650 pp., English. [hdl.handle.net/10023/13950] N2 - Thomas Merton (1915-1968), the American Cistercian, wrote numerous books and essays on spirituality, including both Christian and Eastern forms of mysticism, and such social concerns as racial injustice, the war in Vietnam, and the depersonalizing tendencies within a technical society. From his position of contemplative withdrawal he spoke a prophetic word to the world in which he lived, recognizing that his monastic, and eventually his eremitic life, was not so much a withdrawal from the world as it was his own place in the world. He provides, therefore, a living example of the close interrelationship between contemplation and action. Morton understood withdrawal to be movement away from the superficial and false attitudes one has of the world and of one's own self, Withdrawal is, for him, a movement away from the sharp distinction between subject and object, and a movement toward the understanding that God is the ground of all being and that all contingent beings, rooted in Him, are united. Withdrawal is the necessary prelude to effective social action, since withdrawal opens one to the truth of man's solidarity in God, who is ultimate Reality, and therefore provides the true basis for moral action. For Morton, moral theology is dependent upon ascetical theology. The closer one is to God, the closer one is to all of God's creation. Paul Tillich, too, saw the necessity for withdrawal, for an immediate apprehension of God, and for social action. Hence, it is not surprising that Tillich and Merton have numerous points of affinity. In fact, Tillich's theology can be interpreted as a theoretical statement of Merton's experience. Tillich's use of ontological language, especially his distinction between essence and existence, provides a methodical approach to the theology behind Merton's mysticism and social ethic. The purpose for withdrawal is to allow essence to become known under the conditions of existence, and one essence is know – how ever fragmentarily - it enriches existence for all, not only for the one who has experienced essentialization. Hence, even the mysticism of a hermit has an indirect effect on the entire world, and, in the case of Merton himself, a direct and explicit effect. Tillich, therefore, helps to explain Merton, and Merton's life-long attempt to balance the poles of individuality and participation provides an experiential example of Tillich's system. Y1 - 1976 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leiva Zúniga, Marlin Iveth T1 - Perfil caracterológico de mujeres que ejercen la prostitución entre los 18 a 40 años de edad cronológica en Los Centros Nocturnos De La Zona Urbana De Santa Ana, Bachelor thesis, Psychology, Department of Social Sciences, Philosophy and Letters, Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador 2008, 161+13 pp., Spanish [/oldri.ues.edu.sv/id/eprint/13350/] N2 - [Introduction] La prostitución constituye una estructura social que existe objetivamente para la sociedad. Se podría decir que la prostitución es el acto de compraventa del acto sexual de la mujer por parte de los hombres, sin embargo, el carácter economicista de esta definición deja una serie de lagunas sobre el por qué la mujer se prostituye, ya que esto es considerado una conducta inadecuada y porque en definitiva estamos no frente a un hecho económico sino frente a un hecho psico-social muy bien estructurado con causas y efectos funcionales. Esta definición no es exacta desde el punto de vista psicológico, no sólo porque se circunscribe al aspecto económico de la cuestión, sino debido a que se queda en la manifestación Fenoménica de la prostitución y no tiene en cuenta otros factores que no pueden menospreciarse como, por ejemplo, los morales, psicológicos y los culturales. Aunque tampoco ninguno de éstos por sí solo nos lleva a una definición favorable de la prostitución, no es sólo una pérdida de valores de una mujer que llega a asumir una moral inadecuada, es decir, contraria a la establecida como deseada por la sociedad. Sino una serie de situaciones y disposiciones tanto psicológicas económicos y sociales. Por ello a través de este trabajo y sus apartados se pretende crear un perfil general de carácter y rasgos de personalidad de ellas. Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Levin, Hanna T1 - Globaliserade Främlingen. En studie om utlandssvenskar i Portugal, Master's thesis, Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden 2018, 52+9 pp., Swedish. [lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8957198] N2 - I dagens globaliserade samhälle väljer allt fler svenskar att bosätta sig utomlands och leva i en annan kultur än sin ursprungskultur. Det behövs därför mer forskning och kunskap kring utlandssvenskens upplevelser. Denna studie fokuserar på svenskar bosatta i Portugal för att undersöka den globaliserade främlingen. Syftet med denna studie är att på en mikronivå analysera individens egen upplevelse av att vara en utlandssvensk ur ett nationellt, lokalt och globalt perspektiv. Studiens teoretiska och begreppsliga ramverk tar stöd i social psykologin med inriktning på interaktion och individens identitetsskapande samt även kosmopolitism. Genom en hermeneutisk metodansats har dialogiska intervjuer genomförts med åtta utlandssvenskar i Portugal. Den globaliserade främlingen startade som en förförståelse och har sedan använts som orentieringsmedel under studiens gång för att se om det i analysen kan användas som begrepp. I analysen presenteras utlandssvenskarna i Portugal som globaliserade främlingar som känner tillhörighet till en global gemenskap men som enbart representerar sig själva och sitt eget välmående och identitetsutvecklande. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nonomura, Robert J. T1 - >Mine< or >Ours<: Property and Moral Reasoning, Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Doctoral dissertation (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Sociology, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 2018, 153+12 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7395&context=etd] N2 - This research seeks to address long-standing empirical questions about human morality arising from the critical sociological tradition. It examines, in social-psychological terms, the theoretical contention that systems of ownership predicated on exclusionary conceptions of what is >mine< and/or >ours< causes people to overlook or decidedly ignore the needs of others and of society at large. More specifically, it draws upon the theoretical works of Karl Marx, Erich Fromm, Erik Erikson, and C. B. Macpherson to examine the relationships between individuals’ attitudes toward private property relations and the kinds of >active< or >passive< cognitive processes individuals use when reasoning about moral problems. A sample of 139 graduate and undergraduate students completed an online survey that contained both established and exploratory attitude scales pertaining to property ownership norms, humanism, and possessive individualism. Following the psychological research of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, participants were also asked to express moral judgments on two hypothetical moral dilemmas, and their responses were coded according to characteristics of morally >heteronomous< or >autonomous< reasoning. OLS regressions were conducted to investigate the relationships between these forms of moral reasoning and the aforementioned attitude scales. The study’s results suggest a positive relationship between cognitive moral autonomy and humanism, as well as for the inverse relationship between cognitive moral autonomy and both private property attitudes and possessive individualism. These findings provide general (albeit tentative) support for certain theoretical critiques of private property within the Marxist-humanist tradition, namely the premise that private property norms are at odds with the exercise of autonomous moral cognition. Theoretical implications of these findings, both for the Marxian theoretical tradition and for the development of a critically oriented socialpsychology of morality are also addressed. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kudla, Daniel T1 - Who produces urban space?: Gentrification and contestations over urban >authenticity<, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Sociology, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2013, 94+4 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2904&context=etd] N2 - The main purpose of this work is to explain how urban authenticity has changed as a result of different social agents taking control of urban production. I will establish a framework of authenticity by combining the ideas of William Sewell’s theory of structure, Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialism, Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom, Henri Lefebvre’s idea of the >total man<, and Herbert Marcuse’s theory of an advanced capitalist form of production. This framework of authenticity will allow me to argue that urban authenticity has been recently co-opted by multinational developers, real estate commodity, private corporations, and entrepreneurial municipal governments. The starting point for this analysis will be the early stage of gentrification that took place during the 1960s and end with an interpretation of the recent role Business Improvement Areas have in the shaping of urban authenticity. This explanation of urban authenticity intends to shed some light on how citizens’ representation of the city is imposed by external agents. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kumalla, Ayub T1 - Konsep >mahabbah< (cinta) dalam >rubaiyat< karya Rumi dan relevansinya dalam pendidikan agama Islam [The Concept of >Mahabbah< (Love) in Rumi's >Rubaiyat< and Its Relevance in Islamic Religious Education], Master's thesis, Islamic Religious Education, Faculty of Education and Teaching, State Islamic University Raden Intan Lampung, Kota Bandar Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia 2019, 74+12 pp., Indonesian. [repository.radenintan.ac.id/6748/1/SKRIPSI_FULL.pdf] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keadaan manusia modern saat ini yang dihadapkan pada pelbagai persoalan, khususnya degradasi moral. Manusia modern yang memperoleh kenyamanan dengan adanya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, namun di sisi lain mengalami kekosongan, aliensi, dan persoalan lain yang memerlukan sebuah solusi. Banyak tokoh yang menawarkan solusi atas persoalan tersebut, salah satunya adalah Jalaluddin Rumi. Beliau merupakan seorang sufi yang menjadikan cinta (mahabbah) sebagai tema sentral ajarannya. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi fokus adalah ajaran cinta (mahabbah) Rumi dalam >Rubaiyat< dan relevansinya dalam pendidikan Agama Islam. Dimana pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang cocok dalam mengenalkan hakikat dari cinta (mahabbah). Dan dalam hal ini cinta (mahabbah) digunakan sebagai pendekatan dalam proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini adalah Kajian Pustaka (library research) dengan menggunakan metode analisis karya, dalam hal ini membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data, dimana dalam hal ini data primer diambil dari buku karya Jalaluddin Rumi, yakni Rubaiyat. Sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari pendapat para tokoh ahli yang relevan dengan tema penelitian, termasuk dari buku, jurnal, dan sumber lainnya. Semua data tersebut merupakan bahan-bahan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep cinta (Mahabbah) dalam >Rubaiyat< karya Rumi dan relevansinya dalam pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, konsep cinta (mahabbah) Jalaluddin Rumi perlu digunakan dan diterapkan dalam mengatasi persoalan yang dihadapi manusia dalam hal ini peserta didik, salah satunya sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan Agama Islam. Karena kekuatan cinta dapat merubah manusia, termasuk mengubah manusia yang memiliki masalah untuk bangkit dan menyelesaikan masalahnya. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Long, Matthew Christopher T1 - >Enthusiastic Jew and Lover of Humanity<: August Bondi and the Roots of Transnational Freedom during the Long Nineteenth Century, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Arts, History, Graduate School, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States 2021, 157+9 pp., English. [tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4566&context=all_theses] N2 - Migration is a decidedly human condition that has influenced the development of all nations. Yet the cultural and demographic impacts upon the United States during the long nineteenth century brought about by the mass movements of peoples from Africa, Europe, and beyond were especially pronounced. Immigrants to North America brought with them more than linguistic and cultural artifacts, however; propelled by intellectual currents in their countries of origin, they often carried with them a sensibility of revolution, radical republican politics, and a moral suasion that they employed as they navigated the political and social realities in their new countries. Many immigrants would come to view America and the New World generally through a prism of their own making, and thus see opportunity to dismantle and remake the world – economically, socially, culturally, and politically – when conditions at home had failed them. Two fundamental events shaped this trans-Atlantic consciousness situated toward revolution during the nineteenth century: the European Revolutions of 1848-51, and an increasingly radical anti-slavery and abolitionist movement in the United States during the leadup to sectional conflict and the Civil War. Both events sought to upend the established order through political, social, and cultural revolution, and both came to reinforce one another intellectually and strategically. Both revolutions sought to attack the existing systems – monarchy, capital, and the legal institutions that upheld slavery – and replace them, in the spirit of revolutions prior, with more egalitarian and liberal structures. Immigrants were often the main vehicles of this transnational cooperation. When it became clear to freedom fighters on both sides of the Atlantic that moral and political gradualism toward parliamentary, democratic systems of governance, or toward anti-slavery and abolitionist movements, were to be ineffective, they would turn to markedly more radical approaches, and sometimes to violence to enact the changes they sought. This paper investigates these broad trends through the individuals who personally lived them. One such figure, August (Anshl) Mendel Bondi, was a German-speaking, Hungarian Jew who participated in the revolutionary events in Vienna. Upon the restoration of the Hapsburg Monarchy, Bondi would be forced to flee with his family to the United States. Forging a new life in his new home, he would variously spend time in Louisiana and Texas, and work as a waterman on the Mississippi River. Eventually he would settle in Kansas Territory, where he became radicalized and joined Free Soilers in their fight against pro-slavery forces and Missouri border ruffians. Riding with John Brown during the Bleeding Kansas episode would inspire Bondi to a lifetime of freedom fighting; he and his eventual wife, Henrietta Einstein, another German-speaking immigrant from Bavaria, would be pivotal in establishing stops along the Underground Railroad. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Miller, David T1 - Guilty Subjects: The Biopolitical Function of Guilt in Neoliberal States, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), Theory and Criticism, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 2015, 142+8 pp., English. [ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4746&context=etd] N2 - This thesis examines the function of guilt as an emotion and affective state in the production of voluntary servitude. Drawing on psychological research into the effects of guilt, as well as the theories of Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault, and Judith Butler, I argue that guilt is instilled within the population by a particular political arrangement of relations of power (the State form of social relations) via a controlled process of subjectivation. As such, guilt should be read as a distinctly biopolitical mechanism of control. Additionally, I argue that the emotional experience of guilt works to attach individuals to their own subjugation and domination by moving them to engage in activities and circulations that reinforce the dominant arrangements of power. In the contemporary era, the dominant arrangement of power is constituted by the neoliberal State, which works to instill guilt by producing an environment of subjectivation consisting of discourses of personal responsibility and the proliferation of financial debt. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mellenberg, M. M. T1 - Evolutionare verklaringen van geweld met bijzondere aandacht voor geweldsbeheersing Een vergelijkend onderzoek naar de verklaringen van Konrad Lorenz, Frans De Waal en Steven Pinker op basis van Darwins evolutieleer [Evolutionary explanations of violence with special attention to violence control A comparative study to the explanations of Konrad Lorenz, Frans De Waal and Steven Pinker based on Darwin’s theory of evolution], Master's thesis, Open Universiteit www.ou.nl. 2019, 95 pp., Dutch. [research.ou.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/12121077/definitieve_versie_Masterscriptie.pdf] N2 - [First section] Deze scriptie heeft als onderwerp: evolutionaire verklaringen van geweld met bijzondere aandacht voor geweldsbeheersing. Een aanleiding is het boek Met alle geweld van de filosoof Hans Achterhuis waarin hij zoveel mogelijk facetten en gezichten van geweldgebruik tracht te analyseren en te presenteren in onderling verband.[...] Zijn uitgangspunt hierbij is dat er tussen de verschillende manifestaties van geweld, zoals staatsgeweld, seksueel geweld, oorlogsgeweld, etc., nauwe verbindingen kunnen bestaan en dat die verbindingen zichtbaar kunnen worden gemaakt door middel van >een diversiteit van wijsgerige benaderingen<.[...] In zijn boek stelt hij zich de volgende vragen: welke perspectieven om geweld te begrijpen zijn te onderscheiden, welke gezichten ervan tekenen zich af en welke bronnen en oorsprongen ervan zijn te lokaliseren? Een van de invalshoeken van het verklaren van het menselijk geweld is de natuurlijke oorsprong van geweld. Een deel van zijn boek is hieraan gewijd en hij beschrijft hierin verklaringen van geweld vanuit Darwins evolutieleer. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cao, Hongbo T1 - Analysis of Mary’s Tragic Fate in >The Grass Is Singing< under Fromm’s Theory of >Love<, Master thesis, World Literature, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Doris Lessing’s novels describe the characters’ inner struggles and emotional ups and downs very delicately and vividly, showing profound insight into human nature and originality in brushwork. Therefore, her works have strong emotional resonance and appeal, give people a unique aesthetic experience, have important literary value and significance, and have made important contributions to the development of world literature. >The Grass is Singing<, first published in 1950, is Lessing’s first novel. In this work, the experience of Mary and her partner Dick became the key to promote the plot development of the novel. The work not only profoundly reveals the trauma and crisis that Mary encountered, but also analyzes the entanglements of complex interpersonal relationships such as family, love and friendship behind these experiences in detail. Through this main line, the work shows the intricate emotional connection and inner world between the characters. Under the background of rapid social development at that time, because of the alienation of patriarchal society and social relations, Mary could not feel the existence of love and the recognition of her own existence value, and fell into the mire of >loneliness<. Through these descriptions, the works try to reflect the psychological difficulties and spiritual troubles of some people in contemporary society, and arouse readers’ deep thinking about social reality. Erich Fromm, an outstanding western Marxist scholar, once expressed deep concern about the spiritual dilemma faced by mankind and the gradual collapse of traditional values. He pointed out with insight that in the rapid development of capitalist society, the most sincere and beautiful love in human emotions has gradually become rare, and it has been replaced by a kind of love that is disguised and alienated. Fromm deeply analyzed the reasons behind this phenomenon, which he believed was mainly due to the restriction of the economic and political structure of capitalist society and the bias of cultural development. In view of this social situation, people are eager to find a way to re-establish contact with others and rediscover the value of life. This paper reinterprets Mary’s tragedy by using Fromm’s theory of >love<, which helps readers to gain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of this work and theory. On the other hand, it helps people to establish a correct concept of love and promote the harmonious development of society. In China, with the socialist modernization, people’s material life and spiritual life have been greatly improved, but there are also some problems, which really reflects some deficiencies in our spiritual life and mental health. With the rapid development of society, people are facing more and more pressures and challenges, which leads to increasingly prominent mental health problems. In order to meet this challenge, we need to actively seek ideas, theories and methods to solve it. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces Doris Lessing and her first work, Weeds Singing, and summarizes the research status and innovations at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces the ideological origin and specific content of Fromm’s theory of >love< in detail, which provides theoretical guidance for the later text analysis. The fourth chapter briefly summarizes Mary’s tragic life, paving the way for the following analysis, and analyzes the external causes of Mary’s tragedy in >The Grass is Singing<. First of all, by analyzing the alienation of social relations in capitalist society, the paper points out that alienation of existence is one of the external causes of Mary’s tragedy. Secondly, when discussing the causes of Mary’s tragedy, we have to mention a core factor, namely, the gap between the rich and the poor and racial discrimination. This deep-rooted concept of inequality has become one of the important causes of Mary’s tragedy. Finally, the ethical problems caused by the confusion of interpersonal morality, family ethics and natural ethics in capitalist society also accelerated the emergence of Mary’s tragic fate from the outside. The fifth chapter analyzes the internal causes of Mary’s tragedy in detail. On the one hand, due to the development of the industrial revolution, people have gained more and more freedom. While people are becoming more and more free, it is accompanied by the principle of supremacy of interests, alienation of relationship distance, and extreme emptiness and loneliness. And Mary’s totalitarianism and mechanical catering to escape this powerless negative freedom is an important internal reason for her tragic fate. On the other hand, due to the lack of care, respect, understanding and responsibility in the elements of >love<, Mary is isolated in capitalist society and eventually dies. The sixth chapter discusses the positive significance and historical limitations of Fromm’s study of >love< in >The Grass is Singing<. Finally, the conclusion part summarizes the whole paper. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Weihua T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Theory of Alienated Consumption, Master thesis, Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Alienated consumption, as a special phenomenon of the industrial era, has seriously damaged people’s physical and mental health. It has not only led to the collapse of the moral world within humans, but also triggered a severe crisis of human survival. Facing such a realistic dilemma, Fromm deeply revealed the close connection between consumption and human freedom and liberation. He delved into the inner world of modern humans and conducted a thorough analysis of human pain and anxiety. He believed that alienated consumption is like a heavy shackle that binds individuals in a capitalist society. Alienated con¬sumption makes people suffer from the rule and oppression of the objects, they have created with their own hands. Based on his profound criticism of the capitalist consumer society, he raised his voice and advocated a new way of a humane consumption, to break free from the shackles of materialistic indulgence. The theory of alienated consumption proposed by Fromm is rooted in the background of the era of industrialized mass production, and deeply reveals the internal evolution of capitalist consumer society. Given the serious consequences brought by the industrial society, people’s illusions about industrial civilization have been shattered. Starting from a radical socialist critical perspective, Fromm drew on the essence of diverse ideas such as Marx, Freud, Buddhism, and Judaism, and denounced the destruction and oppression of alienation on human spirit and body. He delved into the causes of alienated consumption and the serious consequences arising from it from both the individual and social levels. In the end, Fromm actively explored effective ways to solve the problem of alienated consumption in both social and individual dimensions, providing valuable theoretical references for addressing the challenges brought by capitalist consumer society. From the perspective of historical materialism, Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption enriches the manifestations of Marx’s theory of alienation and opens up a new approach to exploring human needs from the depths of one’s inner world. However, essentially, Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption is an ex¬ploration with reformist tendencies. Unlike Marx, it fails to transcend abstract humanitarianism and is ulti¬mately constrained by it, resulting in a certain degree of deviation from historical materialism. Therefore, when studying Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption, we must adopt a critical attitude, deeply analyze its theoretical connotation, fully explore its positive significance in promoting the theory of green con¬sump¬tion, and draw lessons from it. In the process of promoting a new socialist consumption relationship, we should adhere to the principle of seeing both material and human aspects, and jointly promote the construction of a new socialist consumption culture from multiple perspectives such as society, collective, and individual. We must not neglect the importance of the revolution in political economy, and always remember that critical weapons cannot replace the criticism of weapons. By sublating alienated consump¬tion, we can promote the healthy development of socialist consumption relations. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Çatal, Abdullah T1 - Erich Fromm'da din anlayışı [Erich Fromm's Understanding of Religion], Master thesis, Department of Theology, Philosophy and Religious Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 2003, 77 + 5 pp., Turkish. N2 - Erich Fromm'un din hakkındaki düşünceleri üstüne bir inceleme yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, görebildiğimiz kadarıyla, ülkemizde Erich Fromm'un din anlayışı ile ilgili yapılan ilk çalışmadır.Bu çalışma yapılırken, daha çok Fromm'un kendi eserleri kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Giriş bölümünde, araştırmanın yapılış amacı, metodu ve içeriğiyle ilgili bilgilerle; Erich Fromm'un hayatı ve etkilendiği önemli düşünürlere yer verilmiştir.Erich Fromm ve Psikanaliz başlığı altında, psikanalizin kısa tarihçesi, temel ilkeleri, Fromm'un da içinde bulunduğu Sosyo Kültürel Ekolün psikanaliz anlayışı ve Freud eleştirileri, psikanalizin revizyonu ile ilgili düşünceleri, Fromm'un psikolojik görüşleri ve psikanaliz din ilişkisi incelenmiştir.Erich Fromm'da din Anlayışında, Fromm'un din tanımı, din çeşitleri, inanç ve inanma ihtiyacının temelleri, bağlanma ihtiyacı ve bu ihtiyacın karşılanması ile ilgili olarak idollere bağlılık ve putlaştırma eğilimi; tanrı inancı ve dinin geleceği ile ilgili görüşleri, kendi eserleri çerçevesinde ortaya konulmuştur.Sonuç bölümünde, Fromm'un görüşlerinin kısa bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. N2 - Erich Fromm's ideas on Religion is not widely known in Turkey. There seems to be no major work on his ideas regarding religion in Turkish Literature. The present study is, perhaps, the first one in this regard. The study attempted to use Erich Fromm's own writings on religion. The introductory chapter expresses the reasons for carrying out such a study, the method of the study, and Erich Fromm's life as well as major thinkers he was influenced by. The title >Erich Fromm and Psychoanalysis< examines the history of psychoanalysis, its fundamental principles, and Fromm's understanding of psychoanalysis as well as his criticism of Freud regarding the relationship between psychoanalysis and religion. The title >Erich Fromm's Understanding of Religion< deals with his definition of religion, human instincts regarding the need to believe, human's need for devotion to a Supreme Being, human's inclination towards idolization, and the future of religion. The concluding chapter evaluates Fromm's ideas discussed in the thesis. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cotta, Denis T1 - A concepção de espiritualidade humanista a partir do pensamento de Erich Fromm: a integralidade do ser humano na psicanálise humanista. Dissertation at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horzonte 2025, 606 pp. N2 - Este estudo trata da concepção de espiritualidade humanista a partir do pensamento do psicanalista alemão Erich Fromm (1900-1980). Sua inserção está balizada no campo do saber das Ciências da Religião, vinculada à disciplina auxiliar da CR conhecida como Psicologia da Religião, mais especificamente orientada por sua ramificação Psicologia e Espiritualidade, que se dedica à análise da construção do sentido existencial através da realização do ser. Em termos sintéticos, de acordo com a teoria frommiana, o ser humano deve ser entendido como um ente integral, dotado de três dimensões indissociáveis, a saber: a dimensão corpórea, a dimensão psicossocial e a dimensão espiritual. Assim, devido a sua integralidade, o indivíduo não deseja apenas viver, mas viver com sentido, pois é um ser de demandas espirituais. Ademais, a referida concepção de espiritualidade humanista só pode ser compreendida, se levarmos em consideração as três influências religiosas/místicas que fundamentam a sua constituição: o hassidismo polonês, o zen budismo e as três vertentes místicas de feição cristã (Mestre Eckhart, autor desconhecido d’A nuvem do não saber e Thomas Merton). Em cada uma delas, Fromm colheu e significou aspectos espirituais, que formam o que chamamos nesta pesquisa de Unidade espiritual, a base estrutural constitutiva da espiritualidade humanista. Neste viés, a fim de analisar as premissas aludidas anteriormente, esta pesquisa utilizou-se da leitura teórico-bibliográfica como recurso metodológico, tendo como base primordial as obras de Erich Fromm, assim como de autores secundários e de comentadores do psicanalista humanista. Em termos gerais, a partir deste estudo, foi possível constatar que, a espiritualidade humanista está associada à uma vivência integral imbuída de sentido, que possibilita o pleno despertar do indivíduo, fazendo com que ele se situe no mundo como agente de transformação, combatendo as várias manifestações do indiferentismo. Esse despertar espiritual, por sua vez, desemboca numa experiência mística de unicidade amorosa com o mundo, a BioMística, na qual os valores humanos mais altos são manifestos no plano da ação. N2 - This study deals with the concept of humanistic spirituality based on the reflections of the German psychoanalyst Erich Fromm (1900-1980). This insertion is based on the field of knowledge of Religious Sciences, linked to the aforementioned auxiliary discipline known as Psychology of Religion, more specifically guided by its branch understood as Psychology and Spirituality, which is dedicated to the analysis of the construction of existential meaning through the realization of being. In short, according to Frommian theory, the human being needs to be understood as an integral being, endowed with three inseparable dimensions, namely: the corporeal, psychosocial and spiritual dimensions. Thus, due to its integrality, the individual not only wants to live, but to live with meaning, as he is a being with spiritual demands. Furthermore, the aforementioned conception of humanist spirituality can only be understood if we take into account the three religious/mystical influences that underlie its constitution: Polish Hasidism, Zen Buddhism and the three mystical aspects of Christian character (Master Eckhart, the author unknown from The >cloud of not knowing< and Thomas Merton). In each of them, Fromm collected and signified spiritual aspects, which form what we call in this research Spiritual Unity, the constitutive structural basis of humanist spirituality. In this way, in order to analyze the premises alluded to previously, this research used theoretical-bibliographical reading as a methodological resource, having as their primary basis the works of Erich Fromm, as well as secondary authors and humanist psychoanalyst commentators. In general terms, from this study, it was possible to verify that humanist spirituality is associated with an integral experience imbued with meaning, which allows the individual to fully awaken, making him/her situated in the world as an agent of transformation, combating the various manifestations of indifferentism. This spiritual awakening, in turn, leads to a mystical experience of loving oneness with the world, BioMysticism, in which the highest human values are manifested on the plane of action. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Delić, Andrea T1 - >Pustolov pred vratima< Milana Begovića. Psihoanalitička karakterologija [>Adventurer at the Door< Milan Begovic. Psychoanalytic character], Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia 2015, 42 + 4 pp., Croatian N2 - Rad će se baviti psihoanalitičkim pristupom karakterizaciji ženskoga lika u drami Pustolov pred vratima Milana Begovića. Taj će pristup biti iznesen i analiziran kroz svoje središnje odrednice odnosno karakteristike koje odgovaraju njegovoj definiciji te kroz paradigmu psihoanalize, disocijativnog poremećaja identiteta i višestruke ličnosti s obzirom na to da je ženski lik, ujedno protagonist drame čija je karakterizacija prikazana, prikazan kroz stanja koja dominiraju upravo u navedenim granama psihologije podsvjesnoga. Sve će kategorije biti potkrijepljene izdvajanjem reprezentativnih dijelova teksta iz samoga predloška koji će se zatim detaljnije analizirati u kontekstu područja unutar kojega su smješteni. U posljednjem će se poglavlju rada načiniti komparacija književnog predloška i adaptacije drame, s ciljem uočavanja mjere podudaranja odnosno razlikovanja ostvarenosti dvostrukog identiteta u tim dvjema različitim formama Na koncu će se iznijeti zaključak o zastupljenosti psihoanalitičkog pristupa karakterizacije ženskoga lika u pojedinim kategorijama te će se iskazati značaj toga pristupa za dramu u cjelini. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cui, Jiarui T1 - An Interpretation of the Heroine’s Pursuit of Freedom in >The Painted Veil< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Theory of Freedom, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] William Somerset Maugham, a renowned English writer, boasts a prolific literary output, among which >The Painted Veil< stands out as a favorite among readers. The story revolves around Kitty, the protagonist, who is embroiled in predicaments of marriage, emotional turmoil, and materialistic desires. Through escape and introspection, Kitty ultimately emancipates herself from her plight, attaining spiritual freedom and personal growth. Adopting the theoretical lens of humanistic philosopher Erich Fromm’s Theory of Freedom, this thesis explores the causes and consequences of Kitty’s predicaments in the quest for freedom against the backdrop of capitalist patriarchal society, taking into account the contextual factors of the time. Furthermore, it analyzes the pathways and impacts of Kitty’s liberation from her predicaments and the achievement of her spiritual freedom. The thesis aims to articulate that through their efforts, female individuals can break gender constraints and realize freedom and growth. The first chapter discusses the negative freedom Kitty encounters in a capitalist patriarchal society, stem¬ming from familial estrangement, rigid marital relations, and the complexities of an extramarital affair. Fromm argues that negative freedom is a state in which an individual feels constrained and restricted in the engagement with the external environment. This state often leads to feelings of isolation, hindering the attainment of spiritual freedom and personal growth. Firstly, under capitalism, Kitty’s familial relationship tends to be utilitarian and indifferent, lacking emotional bonds, thereby depriving her of a sense of belonging and familial comfort. Secondly, in a patriarchal society, Kitty finds herself unable to achieve economic independence and must rely on marriage for survival. However, a marriage based on material considera¬tions fails to satisfy her emotional needs, resulting in inner loneliness. Additionally, Kitty seeks solace in an extramarital affair to alleviate emotional isolation within marriage, yet this behavior, contrary to ethical norms, plunges her into a conflict between morality and desire, ultimately eroding her spiritual tranquility. The second chapter examines the strategies Kitty employs to escape from negative freedom. As Fromm notes, negative freedom often intensifies individuals’ mental burdens, prompting them to seek spiritual freedom. Kitty suffers from the rigid marriage under patriarchy. To alleviate her pain, Kitty emotionally dis¬tances herself from her husband, refusing emotional exchange with him. Behaviorally, she rebels against the patriarchal norms of marriage, refusing absolute submission and respect towards her husband, instead resorting to vehement verbal attacks and sarcasms while expressing her individual demands. Confronted with emotional turmoil and moral dilemmas stemming from her extramarital affair, Kitty opts to distance herself from her lover and leave for Mei-Tan-Fu. In Mei-Tan-Fu, she gains inspiration from others’ healthy and positive relationships, reflecting on her own pathological connection with her lover. The pristine and serene natural landscapes, the nuns’ austerity, and the threat of cholera to life all trigger Kitty’s contempla¬tion on the meaning of life and her pursuit of material desires, gradually steering her away from external materialistic desire towards an exploration of inner spiritual tranquility. The third chapter explores Kitty’s self-growth and the construction of positive freedom. Fromm advocates for positive freedom, which refers to a life state where individuals, based on their own initiative and rational judgment, possess self-determination, realize self-worth, and actively assume responsibility. The core of achieving positive freedom lies in work and love. Kitty engages in volunteer work at the convent, assisting numerous sick orphans, thereby realizing her self-worth and personal growth. Furthermore, Kitty esta¬blishes harmonious and loving interpersonal relationships through her work, deeply understanding the essence of love and further cultivating her ability of loving. With personal growth and enhancement of her ability to love, Kitty handles interpersonal relationships more maturely and rationally, including managing her marriage, dealing with extramarital relationships, maintaining community relations in the convent, and improving familial relationships. Hence, through the creation of self-value and healthy interpersonal rela¬tionships, Kitty successfully frees herself from the previous negative freedom, advancing her self-cognition and spiritual liberation, thus achieving positive freedom. Kitty’s pursuit of freedom is not only her personal growth but also a process of a woman’s quest for spiritual freedom within a specific historical context. She develops profound self-fulfillment and ultimately attains freedom in a positive sense in the process. The experience is a valuable means to individual self-realization and provides inspiration for women in their pursuit of spiritual freedom. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bao, Siwen T1 - An Interpretation of the Alienation Predicament of Characters in >American Pastoral< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Alienation Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] American Jewish author Philip Roth’s novel >American Pastoral< recounts the journey of Jewish entrepreneur Seymour’s family from the Great Depression to the end of the twentieth century, from prosperity to decay, highlighting the struggle of contemporary man. Roth’s novel paints a complicated portrait of the existence of an American Jewish immigrant family in American culture, complete with betrayal and pursuit, repression and confrontation, drift and madness, all of which contribute to the characters’ alienated spiritual world. Using psychoanalytic psychologist Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation as a research perspective, this thesis examines the dilemma encountered by the characters in >American Pastoral< in their self-pursuits from the two aspects of man’s relationship with himself and man’s relationship with others. Then traces the root causes of man’s alienation from the three aspects of capitalist society: culture, economy, and politic. The first chapter examines human self-alienation from three perspectives: body, identity, and psyche. According to Fromm, the separation between the human self and the person’s existential predicament hinders the individual from seeing himself as the bearer of human forces and alienating himself from these forces. Physical alienation presents itself in the passive acceptance of social norms, the disregard for one’s actual inner sentiments and desires, and the loss of autonomy and independence. Seymour attempts to adhere to dominant aesthetic and gender norms by molding his body to fit social masculinity, which leads him to place too much emphasis on his appearance rather than his mind. Dawn is compelled to embrace women’s roles in the patriarchal system by becoming subordinate to her husband at home and catering to men to become a beautiful woman with femininity at the social level. Identification alienation manifests itself in the loss of racial identification for Jewish minorities in mainstream society. Seymour’s pursuit of a fake >American< identity is neither fully Americanized nor capable of returning to Jewish tradition, placing him in an intermediate cultural stage. Merry, on the other hand, gets lost in the clash of two cultures and ends up as a wandering Jew without a set identity. Psychological alienation reveals itself in the psychological process of avoiding responsibility and longing for security. People can get rid of loneliness and regain a sense of security through two methods: automaton conformity and destructiveness. Fearful of becoming a marginalized member of society, Seymour intentionally conceals his Jewishness under the American way of life, racially assimilates to meet the demands of mainstream culture, and obtains a false sense of security. Merry, struggling with the suppression of her family’s upbringing and the realities of a ruined society, attempts to establish a sense of belonging by destroying the outside world through violent and destructive actions. Self-alienation is compounded by the individual’s disembodiment, loss of identity, and psychological uncertainty caused by the struggle between inner and outer demands. The second chapter analyzes interpersonal alienation and its implications for sex, trans-generational, and racial relationships. Human connection in modern society is based on the exchange of values and is guided by the market-oriented paradigm. There is no longer love, trust, or responsibility between people, only betrayal, hatred, and apathy. Alienation in sex relationships presents itself in warped love and treachery. Seymour and Merry’s intimacy goes beyond the normal boundaries of interaction, violating ethics. In an interest-based marriage, emotional alienation and betrayal between the husband and wife are unavoidable. Alienation in trans-generational relationships manifests itself as a disagreement between the three generations’ beliefs. The first-generation Jewish immigrant, Seymour’s father, insists on maintaining traditional value and lifestyle; the second-generation Seymour attempts to abandon Jewish tradition; and the third-generation Merry, is exceedingly rebellious. The opposing beliefs result in a state of hostility and isolation, as well as a distant and indifferent relationship within the whole family. Alienation in racial relations illustrates the separation and oppressive relationship between whites and minorities. Seymour’s emerging whiteness drives him to view his relationships with other ethnic groups with racial prejudice, exploiting black laborers mentally and physically, yet he insists on maintaining a fake friendship despite accusations and contempt from the white people. These alienation not only harmed the closeness of relationships, but also isolated individuals in society, making it impossible to develop healthy and harmonious relationships. The third chapter investigates the roots of human alienation in capitalist society via three dimensions. Fromm believes that capitalist society is responsible for the alienation of people with various symptoms. Individuals are caught in a situation of contradiction rather than achieving a properly wholesome life with the improvement of material life. On the cultural level, conflict over religion and the internalization of racial prejudice distorted Seymour and Merry’s self-perceptions of their identities, as well as the split between whites and minorities. The socioeconomic revolution of American society resulted in the transformation of old and new ethics, with Jewish entrepreneur Seymour abusing workers in his factories and objectifying his wife and daughters as capital to invest at home. Furthermore, the Anti-War Movement and Counterculture Movement are profound reflections of social issues, and social turmoil has an ongoing impact on people’s lives and beliefs. Merry chooses to fight white rule through an array of activities, including participation in the anti-Vietnam War, until she realizes she cannot change the current social situation and commits suicide. Seymour also realizes the fatal consequences of naively pursuing the American dream. Cultural, economic, and political forces all impact and interact with one another, producing a vicious spiral that leads to individuals’ isolation and alienation from society. Roth skillfully portrays the struggles of the characters who experience self-alienation and interpersonal alienation. This demonstrates Roth’s profound understanding of the challenges of human existence and the complexities of self-development. It also offers valuable guidance for individuals in their own self-development and choices in modern society. Despite the pursuit of material benefits, the development of society should always be centered around individuals, with a concern for human nature, so as to achieve the healthy development of human beings. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bao, Jixiang T1 - Research on Fromm’s Interpretation of Historical Materialism, Master thesis, Philosophy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2022. N2 - Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm was an important theorist of the Frankfurt School and the founder of >Neo-Freudianism<. The interpretation of Marx’s materialist view of history is an important part of his thought. Fromm’s interpretation of the materialist view of history is both a product of the times and influenced by the ideas of predecessors. Its theoretical sources include Marx’s theory of alienation and Freud’s psychodynamics. Fromm believes that human creative potential promotes the progress of productive forces and the transformation of production relations, and is the fundamental driving force of social development. Fromm developed the theory of the >social character< to explain the dialectical relationship between the economic base and the superstructure. He believes that the social character shaped by the economic base is the mediator between the economic base and the superstructure. The economic base determines the social character, and the social character has relative independence and has a certain counter-effect on the economic base; social character chooses the superstructure, and the superstructure, in turn, has a certain shaping effect on the social character. Fromm also proposed the theory of the >social unconscious< to explain the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness. He pointed out that the social unconscious is the mediator between the mutual movement and transformation of social existence and social consciousness. Social existence determines the social unconscious, which in turn rises to social consciousness and eventually interacts with social existence. In addition, Fromm also proposed the principles and ways of constructing a >sound society< on the basis of a critique of capitalist society. Fromm believed that the most basic charac¬teristic of a sound society is the development of human creative potential. To build such a society, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive changes in the political, economic, cultural and moral spheres at the same time. Fromm’s interpretation of the materialist view of history criticizes the distortion of the materialist view of history, deepens and expands the basic principles of the materialist view of history to a certain extent, explores the construction of a sound society, and provides a new angle for criticizing capitalism. Its ideas help us to understand more deeply the connotation of Marx’s materialist view of history and have certain theoretical value. But at the same time, Fromm’s interpretation of the materialist view of history has a strong humanistic color, exaggerates the social role of psychological factors, unilaterally denies violent revolution, and lacks practical feasibility in the construction of a sound society, with obvious theoretical limitations. In short, we need to make a historical dialectical analysis of the materialist view of history interpreted by Fromm in the context of its time. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bojčić, Karlo T1 - Rizični i zaštitni čimbenici u razvoju fizički agresivnog ponašanja djece predškolske i mlađe školske dobi [Risk and protective factors in the development of physically aggressive behavior in preschool and younger school-age children], Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia 2023, 314 + 18 pp., Croatian. N2 - Cilj ovog rada bio je identificirati rizične i zaštitne čimbenike povezane s razvojem fizički agresivnog ponašanja u populaciji djece predškolske i mlađe školske dobi. U teorijskom dijelu rada prikazane su promjene u perspektivi djetinjstva i odnosu društva prema djeci kroz povijest te razvojna obilježja djece predškolske i mlađe školski dobi. U radu je agresivno ponašanje definirano kao namjerno nanošenje ili pokušaj nanošenja štete samome sebi, drugim osobama ili objektima. Prikazan je odnos između nasilja i agresije, pri čemu agresija ne isključuje fizičke oblike nasilja, ali se uglavnom odnosi na manje ekstremna namjerna ponašanja koja mogu uzrokovati negativne psihološke i/ili fizičke posljedice po druge, ali i po osobu koja se agresivno ponaša. Prikazane su glavne teorije agresivnosti, kojima se razvoj agresivnog ponašanja uglavnom objašnjavao kroz djelovanje bioloških ili socijalnih čimbenika. U radu je prikazan i korišten Bronfenbrennerov bioekološki model ljudskog razvoja, koji fizički agresivno ponašanje objašnjava kao rezultat interakcije između urođenih, individualnih karakteristika osobe i obilježja njene socijalne okoline. Ove značajke prema svojem djelovanju dijele se u rizične i zaštitne čimbenike te je njihov učinak na dijete opisan u posljednjem poglavlju teorijskog dijela rada. U empirijskom dijelu rada analizirani su podaci prikupljeni na uzorku od 393 roditelja koji su sudjelovali u anketnom istraživanju te 378 djece koja su sudjelovala u intervjuima sa stručnim suradnicima. U istraživanju su sudjelovala tri dječja vrtića te tri osnovne škole na području Slavonije. Rezultatima istraživanja utvrđene su značajne razlike u učestalosti fizički agresivnog ponašanja djece s obzirom na njihov spol i dob, broj braće ili sestara, broj članova kućanstva i radni status majke. Utvrđena je i značajna povezanost učestalosti fizički agresivnog ponašanja djece s odgojnim stilom roditelja, sociometrijskim statusom u odgojnoj skupini ili razredu, sklonosti nasilnim medijskim sadržajima te zadovoljstvom radnom sredinom roditelja. Kao značajni prediktori fizički agresivnog ponašanja pokazali su se dob, privrženost roditeljima, prihvaćenost među vršnjacima te zadovoljstvo roditelja radnom sredinom. Rezultati rada doprinose razumijevanju čimbenika povezanih s fizički agresivnim ponašanjem djece te upućuju na važnost preventivnog djelovanja, koje osima djeteta treba obuhvatiti i druge socijalno-interakcijske sredine poput obitelji, vršnjaka, odgojno-obrazovne ustanove i medija. N2 - The aim of this paper was to identify risk and protective factors associated with the development of physically aggressive behavior in the population of preschool and younger elementary school children. The theoretical part of the paper gives an overview of the various changes in the perspective of childhood and society's attitude towards children throughout history, and overview of the developmental characteristics of preschool and elementary school children. The paper used the definition of aggressive behaviour as the behaviour with intention of causing or attempting to cause harm to oneself, other persons or objects. The relationship between violence and aggression is shown, whereby aggression does not exclude physical forms of violence, but mostly refers to less extreme intentional behaviours that can cause negative psychological and/or physical consequences for victim and the perpetrator. The main theories of aggressiveness are presented, which mainly explain the development of aggressive behavior by the action of biological or social factors. The paper presents and uses Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of human development, which explains physically aggressive behavior as a result of the interaction between a person's innate, individual characteristics and the characteristics of his social environment. According to their effect, these characteristics are divided into risk and protective factors, and their effect on the child is described in the last chapter of the theoretical part of the paper. The empirical part of the work analysed data collected from a sample of 393 parents who participated in the survey and 378 children who participated in interviews with educational specialists. Three kindergartens and three elementary schools from the area of Slavonia participated in the research. The results revealed significant differences in the frequency of physically aggressive behavior of children with regard to their sex and age, the number of brothers or sisters, the number of household members and the working status of the mother. A significant correlation between the frequency of physically aggressive behavior of children with parenting style, sociometric status in the educational group or class, propensity for violent media content and satisfaction with the parents' work environment was established. The significant predictors of physically aggressive behavior were age, attachment to parents, acceptance among peers and parents' satisfaction with the work environment. The paper contributes to the understanding of the factors related to the physically aggressive behavior of children and indicates the importance of measures to prevent this behavior, which, in addition to the child, must also include other environments with which the child communicates, such as family, peers, educational institutions and the media. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Božić, Ena T1 - Društvo narcizma [Social narcissism], Master's thesis, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2023, 51 + 7 pp., Croatian. N2 - Društvo je prirodna pojava, od prvog sposobnog čovjeka do današnjeg čovjeka, svaki društveni oblik ima svoje sastavnice, funkcije i karakteristike, što su glavne teme socioloških istraživanja. Svaki sa sobom nosi posebne oblike društvenosti razvijene kroz ljudsku inteligenciju i životne uvjete (prirodne uvjete poput klime, vegetacije, flore i faune, do kulture i ekonomskih i političkih uvjeta) određenog razdoblja. Zanimljivo je proučavati društvene odnose među društvenim pojedincima i kako jedan pojedinac ili grupa utječe na drugoga. Kako društva rastu i razvijaju se tijekom vremena, s njima se razvijaju i određene >bolesti< ili mutacije. Jedna od takvih >bolesti< je narcizam. Kako Lasch tvrdi u svojoj knjizi The Culture of Narcissism, narcisoidnost predstavlja neku vrstu mutirane norme, u ovom slučaju društva formiranog kroz klinički dijagnosticirane poremećaje osobnosti. . Ovaj rad će ispitati pojavu narcizma u današnjem društvu i razumjeti narcizam kroz sljedeće karakteristike koje definiraju Mustač i Marčinko 2020. godine: nedostatak empatije, arogancija, potreba za divljenjem, želja za pažnjom i samo napuhani osjećaj vlastite vrijednosti. Kada te osobine postanu trajne i potpuno krute, to se naziva narcistički poremećaj osobnosti. Kada naše društvo ima velik broj pojedinaca čije se osobnosti temelje na tim osobinama, takvo društvo možemo nazvati narcisoidnim društvom. Važno je društvo proučavati kroz okvire narcisoidnosti kako bismo razumjeli određene pojave i ispravili komponente koje dovode do društveno nepoželjnih proizvoda u vidu nepoželjnih međusobnih odnosa, nepovoljnih životnih vrijednosti i uvjeta života, rada i negativnih aspekata života. Iako je teško ili nemoguće definirati što čini normalan, zdrav i uspješan život, također je lako uočiti abnormalne značajke narcisoidnog društva u kojem se opće blagostanje i zajednički napredak ne uzimaju u obzir, već samo veći pojedinačni napredak. Natprosječan i sebičan sa samoljubljem i vlastitim interesom, to je Narcis. Ljudska bića su društvena bića oblikovana socijalizacijom, tako da je narcisoidnost suprotan srži ljudskih bića, budući da se narcistička društva kreću prema asocijalnim, pa čak i antisocijalnim oblicima ponašanja kroz samopromociju i samodostatnost. Jedno treba drugo, jer prijateljstva, obitelji, zajednice, pa čak i društva stvaramo poznavajući jedni druge i napredujući zajedno, a sama ljudska povijest nam je pokazala da samo zajedno možemo ići naprijed. Jedan od paradoksa narcisoidnog društva je upravo taj da narcis treba odskočnu dasku da bi uspio u svom projektu samoljublja, samodostatnosti i transcendiranja svih ostalih. Što znači kada se narcis nema s kim usporediti, nema komu pokazati dominaciju, najljepšeg, najboljeg itd.? Upravo je zato narcisoidno društvo bila tema ovog rada jer se radi o pokušaju razumijevanja kako društvo oblikuje narcise, a kako narcisi oblikuju društvo. Većina radova o narcizmu proučava ga u obliku individualnih poremećaja ličnosti, a cilj ovog rada bio je razumijevanje društvenih aspekata narcizma. Za lakše razumijevanje narcizma rad je prikazao odnos dviju suprotnosti u društvu - odnosno odnosa između muškaraca i žena, društvene aspekte fenomena kao i osobne aspekte te kako glasnici javnosti tj. mediji gledaju na narcizam. Ovdje dolazimo do praktičnog dijela rada, gdje se proučilo i analiziralo slučaj hrvatske influencerice Ivane Knoll i narcisoidne elemente u njezinim objavama i objavama njezinih pratitelja na Instagram profilu. Ivana Knoll pružila nam je prikaze pojedinaca poput nje, koji su nam pružili dokaze o današnjem narcisoidnom društvu koje obitava i pronalazi >utočište i hranu< na društvenim mrežama. N2 - Society is a natural phenomenon, from the first able-bodied man to today's man, every social form has its components, functions and characteristics, which are the main topics of sociological research. Each carries with it special forms of sociality developed through human intelligence and living conditions (natural conditions such as climate, vegetation, flora and fauna, up to culture and economic and political conditions) of a certain period. It is interesting to study social relations between social individuals and how one individual or group affects another. As societies grow and develop over time, certain >diseases< or mutations develop with them. One such >disease< is narcissism. As Lasch argues in his book The Culture of Narcissism, narcissism represents a kind of mutated norm, in this case a society formed through clinically diagnosed personality disorders. This paper will examine the occurrence of narcissism in today's society and understand narcissism through the following characteristics defined by Mustač and Marčinko in 2020: lack of empathy, arrogance, need for admiration, desire for attention and just an inflated sense of self-worth. When these traits become permanent and completely rigid, it is called narcissistic personality disorder. When our society has a large number of individuals whose personalities are based on these traits, we can call such a society a narcissistic society. It is important to study society through the framework of narcissism in order to understand certain phenomena and correct the components that lead to socially undesirable products in the form of undesirable mutual relationships, unfavorable life values and conditions of life, work and negative aspects of life. Although it is difficult or impossible to define what constitutes a normal, healthy and successful life, it is also easy to see the abnormal features of a narcissistic society where the general well-being and collective progress are not taken into account, but only greater individual progress. Above average and selfish with self-love and self-interest, that is Narcissus. Human beings are social beings shaped by socialization, so narcissism is antithetical to the core of human beings, as narcissistic societies move toward antisocial and even antisocial forms of behavior through self-promotion and self-sufficiency. One needs the other, because we create friendships, families, communities, and even societies by knowing each other and progressing together, and human history itself has shown us that we can only move forward together. One of the paradoxes of narcissistic society is precisely that the narcissist needs a springboard to succeed in his project of self-love, self- sufficiency and transcending all others. What does it mean when a narcissist has no one to compare himself to, no one to show dominance, the most beautiful, the best, etc.? This is exactly why the narcissistic society was the topic of this work, because it is an attempt to understand how society shapes narcissists, and how narcissists shape society. Most papers on narcissism study it in the form of individual personality disorders, and the goal of this paper was to understand the social aspects of narcissism. For an easier understanding of narcissism, the paper presented the relationship between two opposites in society – that is, the relationship between men and women, the social aspects of the phenomenon as well as the personal aspects, and how the public's messengers, i.e. the media, view narcissism. Here we come to the practical part of the work, where the case of the Croatian influencer Ivana Knoll and the narcissistic elements in her posts and those of her followers on the Instagram profile were studied and analyzed. Ivana Knoll provided us with accounts of individuals like her, who provided us with evidence of today's narcissistic society that inhabits and finds >shelter and sustenance< on social media. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ada, Hrelja T1 - Integritet mladih u virtualnom svijetu [Youth integrity in the virtual world], Master's thesis, Department of Journalism and Communication, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Croatia 2024, 93 + 3 pp. N2 - Bez najvećeg svjetskog medija World Wide Weba odnosno interneta danas je život gotovo nezamisliv. Ovakav izum je utjecao i utječe na mnogobrojna područja naših života, te na taj način zauvijek mijenja društvene navike. Teško je čak i zamisliti danas obavljati posao bez interneta, stvarati konekcije, održavati komunikaciju… Internet je jednostavno postao stil života 21. stoljeća. Najveća inovacija (ovog stoljeća) ima za cilj olakšati ljudske živote što zaista i čini međutim opšte poznato je da sadrži kako pozitivne, tako i negativne strane svog djelovanja. S obzirom da živimo u vrijeme koje je doba interneta, pametnih uređaja, društvenih mreža, masovnih komunikacija i doba virtualnosti, postajemo svjesni da su to najupotrebljiviji načini za ljudsku interakciju danas. Uz to bijeg od realnosti postaje dio ljudske svakodnevnice pa samim tim odrastanje mladih temeljeno je na tehnologiji koja je danas neizostavan faktor funkcije života. Čovjek po prirodi teži ka osjećaju uklapanja ili pripadanju određenoj sredini stoga nastanak i razvoj interneta omogućava savršenu platformu za razvijanje pripadnosti i komunikacijskih veza. Internet kao najviše korišten medij stvara plodno tlo uklapanja za kojim čovjek kao socijalno biće po prirodi teži. Ovo se naročito tiče adolescenata i mladih kojima su mreže postale važan faktor u socijalizaciji, komunikaciji. Uspon društvenih mreža omogućava neviđeno dobre prilike za izražavanje i interakciju, međutim kao loša strana u ovom radu bit će izdvojeno kakve izazove donose virtualni fenomeni za stvaranje integriteta. U ovom sve digitalnijem dobu virtualni svijet igra odlučujuću ulogu u životima mladih gdje zapravo oni gube dodir sa realnošću, kreirajući i oblikujući njihove stavove i uvjerenja. Uranjajući u tu online digitalnu zajednicu postavlja se pitanje kako virtualni svijet utječe na kreaciju integriteta? Da bi ovaj zamršeni fenomen što bolje bio razjašnjen dobro bi bilo sagledati ga kroz prizmu poznate teorije Marshalla McLuhana >zatvor bez zidova<. Tu kreacija intergiteta mladih poprima iznijansiranu perspektivu jer moderni svijet funkcioniše kao zatvor bez zidova oblikujući percepcije i ponašanja bez fizičkog ograničenja, mladi ljudi se kreću virtualnom složenom mrežom koja isto tako oblikuje i njihov osjećaj vrijednosti unutar društva. Kako bi što bolje razjasnili integritet mladih u virtualnom doživljaju, okruženju i postojanju važno je ući u složenost problema, rasčlaniti ga i obratiti pažnju sa kojim sve dilemama se mladi susreću i bore, te koja su to pitanja usko vezana za ovaj fenomen (digitalni identitet, cyber nasilje, zaštita privatnosti…) Mlađa generacija najviše je podložna digitalnim platformama i u vezi s tim integritet individue postaje nametnut, zapovijeđen. Masmediji nam danas nude gotove riječi i slike, obrasce, stereotipe, načine ponašanja, medijski bonton. Strojevi su nam nametnuli masovno reproduciranu sliku/tekst kao poziv na prilagodbu svijetu strojeva, svijetu u kojemu ćemo mi sami prije svega ostaloga sebe doživjeti poput stroja. (Fejzić Čengić & Sofradžija, 2022) Da bi ovakav način kreiranja integriteta bio što manje zastupljen važno je poduzeti korake koji uključuju digitalno i medijsko opismenjavanje, kako mladih tako i roditelja. Ovaj rad donijet će neka istraživanja na bosanskohercegovačkom tlu na temu Integritet mladih u virtualnom svijetu čiji je cilj da proširi ne samo vidike mladih nego uopšteno ljudske vidike kada je riječ o upotrebi društvenih mreža i virtualnog svijeta. Virtualni doživljaj koji je svakodnevan, opšteprisutan baš kao takav je neophodan za funkciju modernog društva i zbog tog je baš to interesna sfera ovog istraživačkog rada. [Introductory consideration] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Du, Xiao T1 - >Beware of All Enterprises That Require New Clothes<: An Interpretation of >The Devil Wears Prada< from the Perspective of Consumerism, Master thesis, World Literature, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, Kunming, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Lauren Weisberger, a contemporary American novelist, rises to fame with her first novel >The Devil Wears Prada<, which tells the story of Andrea’s witnessing the ugly side of the fashion world as an assistant to Miranda, experiencing the estrangement from her family and friends, and eventually choosing to embrace love and dream. Once its publication in April 2003, the novel is on the New York Times Bestseller List and sparks heated discussions among readers domestically and internationally. The academic researches on the work have been done from the following four categories: fashion culture, feminism and gender research, spatial criticism, and consumerism. Although there have been studies on interpreting the text from consu¬merism, they mostly focus on sign consumption. The phenomenon in the novel that aesthetics in the consu¬mer society is drawn into capital operation, which leads to the loss of its redemption function and the alienation of humans, has not received adequate attention. Thus, the thesis employs Mike Featherstone’s consumer culture theory to reveal the collusion between aesthetics and consumerism, and meanwhile, is supplemented by Erich Fromm’s alienation theory to explore characters’ predicaments in the consumer society and possible ways out of them. This thesis aims to penetrate into the superficial theme of fashion, expose the deep connotations of the novel, and point out Weisberger’s concern for the individual dilemma in the consumer society. This thesis is divided into three parts of introduction, main discussion, and conclusion. The introduction of the thesis consists of the introduction to Lauren Weisberger and >The Devil Wears Prada<, the literature review, and the theoretical introduction. The main discussion of the thesis covers three chapters. The first chapter presents that aesthetics permeates all aspects of daily life in The Devil Wears Prada and is alie¬nated as an instrument of capital profits, revealing the essence of the combination between aesthetics and consumerism. On the one hand, the aestheticization is manifested in the body and the space. The aestheti¬cization of body centers on four important dimensions of clothing, body beautification, body maintenance and body image. The aestheticization of space focuses on the urban public space and the private living space. On the other hand, the new cultural intermediaries represented by Runway magazine and Miranda play a vital role in promoting the aestheticized life. The runway is a stage for conveying the latest fashion trends to the audience, and the choice of Runway as the magazine name implies that Runway similarly serves as a transmitter of fashion information. The second chapter analyzes the destructive impacts in the consumer society from two aspects: the alie¬nation of humans and the alienation of interpersonal relationships. People descend to the tradable goods and the slaves of fashion. The profit becomes the primary criterion for interpersonal communication. The third chapter discusses two survival methods pointed out by Lauren Weisberger. Firstly, in response to how to survive better in the consumer society, Lauren Weisberger quotes >Beware of all enterprises that require new clothes< from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden on the first page of the novel to remind readers to keep an appropriate distance from fashion. Secondly, she implies that people can be saved by love according to Andrea’s behaviors of bravely giving up her job, being reconciled to her family and friends, and becoming true to who she is. The conclusion part includes a summary of what has been stated and the writer’s reflections. Andrea’s leaving the fashion magazine and returning to love and dream are in reality judicious decisions. In the consumer society where everything is aesthetically infiltrated, people’s concern has been shifted from how to maintain a basic life to how to enjoy life comfortably and aesthetically. Blindly pursuing the beautiful appearance rather than practicality of goods, indulging in illusory beauty and material pleasures, they gradually lose their precious qualities as humans. Therefore, it is crucial to form a rational consumption concept so as to avoid falling into the trap of consumerism, and to acquire true happiness and delight from the spiritual world. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 12/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Yaning T1 - A Study on Family Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Frankfurt School is a Western Marxist School formed around the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, which is famous for social critical theory. Social critical theory carries on the traditional thoughts and fundamental spirits of Marxist, and integrates the social sciences including economics, politics, sociology, history, anthropology and psychology in new historical conditions, to inspect, analyze and criticize the developed capitalist society in a specific and historical way, and express ideas of future society that is more rational, more democratic, more just and freer. The issue of >Family< is an important component and strong support for social critical theory of Frankfurt School. The thematic study for family critical theory is able to clarify the core essence and substantive concern of social critical theory further. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is a derivative of the specific context on the times, generating in the social reality on highly authoritarian German under the Nazi regime, the technology controlled American under the guise of advanced industrial civilization, and the families and women’s situation in Soviet Union during the Stalin period. And evolving in the diachronic innovation of capitalism on the dual social effects of science and technology by the use of capitalistic condition, the rethinking about social normative issues by the completion of the state’s political functions, and the mass spiritual trauma by the culture controlled of bourgeois. It is also a symbiotic product of the intersection on multiple thoughts, enlightening in Marx’s humanistic critical concepts, early Western Marxist founders’ principles on revolutionary practice and ideo­logy, sociological theory of Weber’s modernistic criticism with >rationalization< as the core, social philosophi­cal theory of Heidegger’s existential based on the analysis of daily life, and psychological theories of Freud’s psychoanalysis and Mead’s social behaviorist psychology. That is to say, the >joint force< on practices and theories promotes the formation and construction of family critical theory. In the development process of nearly a century, the theorists on four generations persevere in the tone of criticizing existing society and concerning about human existence, while discussing family from different perspectives resorting to internal discord and academical re-orientation, forming highly distinctive family critical views. The first generation critics Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm and Marcuse set up the topic on >authority and family<, concerned psychoanalysis to describe family shaping authoritarian personality, the evolution and succession of family authority, and the liberation of families and women breaking through authority. The second generation critic Habermas shapes the topic on >communication and family<, con­cerned social communication theory to explain the emergence, transformation and reconstruction of public sphere based on family, communication behavior and family socialization, and women in families. The third generation critic Honneth constructs the topic on >recognition and family<, concerned political ethics theory to indicate the justice and freedom dimensions of family recognition. The fourth generation critics focus on various aspects around the topic on >good life and family<. Concerned life development theory, Forst explains the defensive context on family reality under >justice and family<, Jaeggi mentions the alienated family relationships and the family reality in life form under >alienation, life form and family<, and Rosa references family in social accelerated wave and family resonance harbor in the late modern under >acceleration, resonance and family<. Above all of these highlight the internal logic and time update on family study. Using Marxist viewpoints and methods to evaluate Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is the fundamental principle to study Western Marxism. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory promotes the critical spirit of Marxism, but insists the value position of bourgeois, the diachronic and synchronic analysis on the evolution, structure, ethics, communication and guidance of the family, presenting the characteristics on unity between valued reflection and factual context, discourse logic and practical renewal, critical cognition and constructive intention, and the properties on the reality nature of integrating history and society, the human nature of concerning for survival and development, and the transcendental nature of separating from capital logic, the romantic nature of departing from effective struggle. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory also has a deep impact in the history of Western Marxism, which rewritten by existentialist Marxism and Structuralist Marxism, and developed by feminist Marxism and post-Marxism. Criticizing Frankfurt School’s family critical theory to make a >Chinese< answer to independent development road on modern family in combination with Chinese characteristics socialism practice is ultimate destination to theoretical research. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Xiaoyu T1 - A Study of Alienation Dilemma in >Everything I Never Told You< from the Perspective of Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Celeste Ng is one of the important Chinese American writers in American society, who becomes very popular at home and abroad with the publication of her first novel >Everything I Never Told You<. Ng’s works focus on the living conditions of ethnic minorities and marginal people in society. Her writing style is mild and restrained, and she explores the relationship between people with a trivial story pattern. >Everything I Never Told You< tells the living dilemma of an Asian mixed-race family through the trivial things in daily life. This thesis mainly takes Fromm’s humanism as the breakthrough point to deeply analyze the alienation performance of the protagonists in >Everything I Never Told You<, its causes and ways of salvation, and points out the pressure and challenges people face in modern society. As a representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm reveals the universal alienation phenomenon in a capitalist society and researches this problem. His analysis expresses his concern and cogitation on the plight of human alienation. This thesis examines the alienation and suffering of the James’ through humanistic thought and strives to find a way out in the alienated world. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly includes the introduction of Celeste Ng and her work >Everything I Never Told You< and the research review at home and abroad, and points out the purpose and significance of analyzing the works from the perspective of Fromm’s humanism. The second part is the main body. The main part of the thesis consists three chapters: The first chapter analyzes the performance of the alienation dilemma. Firstly, the protagonists become marginal. In social life, James and Lydia are difficult integrating into society as Asians; in family, Marilyn’s demands are ignored by family members, and Nath and Hannah are ignored by their parents. Secondly, people are trapped into self-contradiction. Marine falls into the contradiction between self-potential and short life, and Lydia is in the contradiction between life and death. Finally, the protagonists all become silent subordinates. Lydia has no courage to rebel her parents, and James and Marilyn follows the rules of society. These performances belong to the alienation of the relationship between man and man, man and society, and man and himself. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the alienation dilemma. There are two main reasons for the alienation dilemma: family reasons and social reasons. The disharmony between husband and wife, the unbalanced love of parents for their children, and the estrangement between siblings constitute a complex family relationship. James, who lives in a white society as an Asian, has never been able to integrate into the white society truly. Although Marilyn is a white woman, she is still oppressed and discriminated against in terms of gender. These social discriminations also affect the alienation of characters. The third chapter analyzes the salvation ways of alienation dilemma. The broken family finally recognizes the reality and directly faces Lydia’s death. Then they build personal subjectivity and overcome obstacles through the love between family members, and then the family is out of alienation dilemma. Fromm believes that love is an effective way of treating human dilemmas. At the same time, people can enrich their existence value and achieve spiritual integrity by giving love. The last part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the above discussion and finds the way of salvation through the analysis of alienation embodiments and causes. It hopes to arouse people’s deep attention to the alienation dilemma of human existence in contemporary society, deepen people’s self-identity cognition and thinking about the harmonious relationship between family and society. It also provides reference for other inter-racial families to solve the problems of family conflict, children relationship, social discrimination and so on. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Suzhen T1 - The Survival Predicament of >the Beat Generation< – A Study of >On the Road< from the Perspective of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As one of the representative figures in the Beat Generation, Jack Kerouac presents a real and detailed life of the group in his semi-autobiographical novel >On the Road<. The uninhibited lifestyle of the young people and their desire for freedom profoundly reveal their perdue fear and discomposure beneath the social prosperity and stabilization in America after World War II. The rebellious behavior of the characters in the novel is a way for them to promote individuality and express their true feelings, which reflects their suppressed anger and anxiety. Because this group have been marginalized and stifled by dominant culture, they attempt to explore new lifestyles and values about human beings. With the theory of alienation by Fromm, this thesis aims to interpret the social reasons why the people who persistently pursue independence and freedom end up succumbing to secular discipline. Although this sub-cultural group oppose to the suppression of the society, they all choose to compromise with the community they have revolted. It is argued that the cause of their final choice of life is the highly-institutionalized mechanical civilization which condenses humans’ space for personal survival and development. The alienation of labor resulting from mechanization alienated people’s psychology, which leads to alienation of freedom and love. The commodities and prosperity in modern society do not bring about real meaning to them. On the contrary, the illusory happiness beguiles them into instant gratification to such an extent that they abnegate spiritual independence unconsciously. The three chapters of the thesis expound the contradictory behaviors of the main characters in the novel from the aspects of alienation of freedom, love and labor, aiming to clarify the source of their psychological alienation. According to the analysis of the thesis, it is argued that the alienation of labor emerging along with the development of capitalism is the main cause of psychological alienation and the suppressive social environment leads to rebellion of the youth. While as individual resistance and spiritual pursuit are not capable to resist mighty social discipline, they are doomed to compromise with the society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Heting T1 - Difficulties and Persistence of Teachers’ Career in Remote Mountainous Areas – A Narrative Study of Teachers at F Middle School, Master thesis, Secondary Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2022. N2 - With the continuous improvement of the state’s attention to teachers in remote mountain areas, the consolidation of poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural revitalization, the quality of life of teachers still needs attention and improvement. Teachers’ career development is related to teachers’ quality, which directly affects the improvement of education quality in remote mountainous areas. Due to the dynamic, developmental and original nature of teachers’ career, this study adopts the method of narrative research, aiming to pay attention to the overall quality of life of teachers. Through the overall observation of the teachers of F middle school in Fugong County, remote mountain area, this study selects three typical teachers in three stages as the research objects to carry out case studies, mainly narrative research, supplemented by generic analysis. Combined with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Fromm’s survival situation research theory, and the dynamic model of teachers’ career development as the theoretical basis, each teacher’s career takes the typical and critical stories that occur in chronological order as the vertical axis, and takes the three dimensions of material life, career development and spiritual life as the horizontal axis, outlines the current situation of the three teachers’ career in the horizontal and vertical crisscross, and summarizes the existing difficulties, On this basis, combined with theoretical analysis of the reasons for hardship and persistence, and finally make a reflection. The study found that the three teachers in the three stages were in three states: rejection of professional identity, compromise under the action of multiple factors, and attribution of educational beliefs. The three states are a process of development. According to the research results, the structural logic diagram of the difficulties and persistence of teachers’ career in remote mountain areas is constructed. Difficulties are mainly manifested in: material life cannot meet the growing material needs, low professional identity in career development, the restriction of self–development in remote mountainous environment, and spiritual dissociation. The reasons for persistence include: lack of professional ability and sense of security, persistence under weighing the pros and cons; the improvement of professional ability and the support of professional achievement; the original intention does not change, the support of educational belief. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yangmei, Linan T1 - The Concept of Freedom in John Irving’s >The Hotel New Hampshire<, Master thesis, World Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] John Irving, as one of the important contemporary American writers, has been honored with the National Book Award for his works. >The Hotel New Hampshire< is his fifth work, published in 1981, narrating the story of a family running a hotel in the United States from the 1940 s to the 1970 s. The novel portrays the conflicts and chaos experienced by the protagonists in their pursuit of personal freedom, such as witnessing death, facing disappointment, and confronting fear. These events, intertwined with tragedy and hope, are essentially a microcosm of individuals seeking survival within the currents of the individualistic era. Implicit in the various tragic and hopeful events is the profound impact of the core of American value on individuals: freedom. In the novel, such influence stems from the methods and approaches that individuals employ in interpreting and seeking freedom. Current domestic and international researches both focus on ethical, violent, and sexual issues that are presented in the novel, they have not yet deeply explored the individuals’ behaviors and the reasons behind, and corresponding concluding research has not been done yet. The novel reveals two entirely different approaches to the pursuit of freedom by depicting the physical and mental changes individuals undergo, and the different outcomes in the process of chasing freedom. One approach involves pursuing freedom in an extreme, one-sided and compensatory manner, while the other involves a compatible, open, and self-coherent manner. This thesis, by examining the connections between the characters’ destinies and their ways of pursuing freedom in the novel, tries to elucidate the implications of these two approaches to freedom, summarizing the concept of freedom which is elucidated in the novel. Grounded in the method of textual analysis and drawing from Fromm’s theory of freedom and other theories as well, this thesis focuses on three aspects of the theme of freedom in the novel. The thesis is structured into five chapters, comprised of three sections: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first chapter introduces the author John Irving’s literary achievements and the main content of his work The Hotel New Hampshire, and the literature review associated with the domestic and foreign researches on The Hotel New Hampshire. This chapter also outlines the research task, research structure and ap¬proa¬ches that are adopted in this thesis. Chapters two to four constitute the main body of the paper. The second chapter delves into the depth of the novel’s text, exploring the connection between the events portrayed as >tragedies< and the individuals’ ways of searching for free development. It examines the conflicts and trage¬dies experienced by the three main characters in their pursuit of freedom, elucidates the roots of these experiences, clarifies the nature of compensatory freedom, and criticizes the inevitability of its failure. The third chapter, using Franny’s achievement of sustainable and realistic freedom supported by a peaceful, strong, and stable core as an example, explains the connotations of coherent freedom. It explores the nature and connection between individual coherence and freedom, highlighting the inevitability of coherent freedom. The fourth chapter, considering the novel’s historical and cultural background, examines and explains the connotations of the emphasis on >freedom< in the contemporary American society. It points out the per¬spective on freedom presented in the novel – emphasizing coherent freedom – holds significant meaning for individuals: it not only adds a new interpretation to the essence of freedom in the context of that era, but also provides a viable path for individuals who are caught in the dilemma of >struggling to achieve inner harmonious and self-coherence between macro-freedom and individual freedom, personal free development and the status of feeling lonely and perplexed<. The fifth chapter is the conclusion part, summarizing the two ways of pursuing freedom presented in the novel and concluding the novel’s concept of freedom. Irving, by differently portraying the tragic fates of the main characters, not only describes an impractical way of realizing freedom but also, through portraying contrast, he highlights a possible path for individuals to achieve sustainable, realistic, and compatible freedom: achieving multi-dimensional self-coherence. This thesis argues that the descriptions and discussions of personal pursuit of freedom and individual self-coherence in the novel are a unique and profound understanding that combines the era and historical background, providing a new interpretation of freedom, which is the core American values, and a unique cognition of the existential state faced by humanity. By prompting readers to contemplate on societal issues such as violence and ethics, the novel encourages reflection on the problems between individuals and freedom underlying these social phenomena: how modern individuals can achieve balance and reconcile ideals and reality, individual and self, spiritual freedom and physical freedom, thus achieving a state of inner harmony and self-coherence, realizing a developing state that is free and achievable. [English: www.cnki.net, 3/2023] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiangping T1 - On Theodore’s Loneliness in Donna Tartt’s >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt (1963–) is a new generation writer in contemporary American literature history whose works mostly derive from her childhood experiences which reflect on realistic social problems and the mental state of young people. >The Goldfinch< is the third book of Tartt. It was widely popular upon its publication, which won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Until now, academic research on >The Goldfinch< mainly focuses on the initiation story, intertextuality, trauma, eco-criticism, anxiety and so on. Taking the protagonist Theodore as the research object, this thesis attempts to interpret his process of conquering the loneliness in the light of Erich Fromm’s theory on loneliness. Generally speaking, loneliness refers to the individual’s subjective psychological feelings. Social psychologist and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm puts forward his philosophical illustration that loneliness is the objective fact that all human beings need to face. And, it will spread with the changes in the social environment, which leaves people in a strong existential crisis. Fromm mentions five critical demands for human existence: the need for relatedness, transcendence, identity, positioning and rootedness. When the alienated capitalist society can’t satisfy human needs, they may come into >a jail of loneliness<. Therefore, people tend to make different efforts to get out of the challenging condition. Within >The Goldfinch<, the hero Theodore is lost in morbid loneliness at first, then he adopts psychological defense mechanisms and continuously makes self-empowerment. Finally, he becomes a mature individual with the sane personality who transcends the loneliness to realize positive freedom. Chapter one discusses Theodore’s phase of being beleaguered in loneliness. The hero always lives a rootless life from the estran¬ged and indifferent family relation. Loss of security and belonging means that he doesn’t have the protection of >primary ties< who struggles with desperate loneliness. Self-doubts and denials about existence deepen his anxiety and loneliness. Under the circumstance of an alienated social environment, he is also tortured by loneliness from conflicts like materialism and class differences. Chapter two analyzes Theodore’s phase of escaping. When the external living conditions can’t meet the basic requirements of his growth and mental health, he adopts psychological defense mechanisms to overcome loneliness. Firstly, he attempts to escape from realistic anguishes by establishing symbiotic emotion with Pippa, which does work to some extent, but he loses integrity and independence. Secondly, Theodore takes morbid and destructive behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse to alleviate isolation and helplessness that can’t overcome loneliness in essence. Chapter three demonstrates Theodore’s transcending of loneliness. Fromm points out that spontaneous activity is an effective way to overcome loneliness because the individual connects with the world again in self-realization. And >love is the most central component of spontaneity< (Fromm, Escape from Freedom, 174). Firstly, it demonstrates the hero’s return of moral responsibility and conscience. Theodore finds that materially possessing >The Goldfinch< brings him in a tremendously moral dilemma for a long time, he needs to finds the aesthetic value in the art world to conquer the loneliness hopefully. Secondly, it discusses Theodore’s productive self-achievement. With great free will, he succeeds in breaking away the situation of self-degeneration and gradually finds subjectivity and creativity to integrate into the society through spontaneous learning and art creation. Finally, he cultivates an independent personality with emotional sublimation who masters the elements and connotation of love to take his subjective initiative to give love. By analyzing the process of Theodore’s being beleaguered, escaping, and transcending upon loneliness, this thesis attempts to reveal people’s general mental state under the background of highly developed capitalism. Besides, it also points out that the correct way to overcome loneliness is to insist on the power of love and the beauty of art for spiritual redemption, which enlightens people to pursue positive freedom. Under the context of modernity with rapid economic development, ideas expounded in the novel provide some significant references for us to get rid of the spiritual crisis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zeng, Fanqi T1 - The Alienation and Awakening of Characters in >Tree of Smoke<, Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Tree of Smoke< is one of the most recognized works by American novelist and playwright Denis Johnson. The book won the 2007 U. S. National Book Award, and Denis has been called >the writers’ writer<. With Vietnam War as the background, Denis’ work portrays a number of characters such as American officers Skip, Colonel, Kathy, and the Houston brothers, providing a deep insight into the alienation and awakening of human nature during the war. Rather than depicting the large-scale scenes of fighting on the battlefield, the novel focuses more on the individual activities of the characters in the process of war, presenting the sinking and struggling of individuals and society in the war with a unique approach that conveys a genuine anti-war theme. With the support of Fromm’s alienation theory, the thesis analyzes the alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< by applying Fromm’s alienation theory. In accord with Fromm’s judgement, under the condition of capitalist society, alienation is present all the time and everywhere, it makes human beings become alienated individuals, limiting their self-development, which in turn affects the public. The alienated society and individuals oppress each other, forming a social atmosphere of alienation and indifference, the relationship of people’s interests replaces warmth, only true love can eliminate this alienation. With the perspective of alienation theory, the characters’ self-alienation, the alienation between the characters and society, and the alienation of the characters’ interpersonal relationships are plainly visible in >Tree of Smoke<. Denis reveals the danger of war with profound strokes, appeals to opposing war and pursuing peace with the characters’ awakening out of alienation. The thesis consists of an introduction, a conclusion and five main chapters. The introduction presents an overview of author Denis Johnson’s life and major works, which focuses on the analyzed text of this dissertation, >Tree of Smoke<, the text’s literary status and textual significance are described, along with the current state of the text’s study at home and abroad. Then, the thesis’ innovative points and thematic argu¬ments are outlined. Chapter one is the theoretical foundation, which introduces the origin and development of alienation theory, and focuses on the alienation theory that Fromm developed and constructed, which is mainly applied in this thesis. Chapter two explores the self-alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< indicating that in the context of war and capitalist society, there exists alienation of the characters’ self-perception, and the inhibition of the characters’ self-development in such condition. Chapter three analyzes the alienation between the characters and society, illustrating the suppression of individuals in the environ¬ment of war by American and Vietnamese societies; individuals in such apathetic and repressive social environment become mechanically submissive. Chapter four analyzes the characters’ alienation of inter¬personal relationships, exploring the dysfunctional family relationship and the distorted love relationships. Chapter five analyzes the gradual awakening of the characters in the process of war from three aspects: the self-alienation of individuals, the alienation between characters and society, and the alienated interpersonal relationships. Individuals rebuild their self-perceptions and explore their thoughts, the society as a whole reflects rationally on the war, and individuals no longer blindly follow the militant social atmosphere. In the presence of alienated interpersonal relationships, the characters also demonstrate different degrees of recognition and confrontation in both family and love. The conclusion points out that, against the background of war and capitalist society, the alienation, which is present everywhere, grows increasingly, resulting in the characters’ self-development being restricted, separating the family members, and even going to the abyss of death. In the cruel war, the gradual awa¬kening of individuals is a resistance to alienation and a protest against war. The conclusion also indicates the significance and shortcomings of this study, with a purpose to provide a reference for the subsequent study of >Tree of Smoke<. Different from traditional Vietnam War fiction, Denis Johnson presents a complex series of scenes and plots that portray transformative characters, creating a new dimension beyond the universal elements of war fiction. With the characters’ awakening out of alienation and their pursuit of self as the foundation, Johnson perpetuates his belief of embracing peace and rejecting war. Even though the characters in the book do not achieve a complete awakening in the end, their efforts to dissolve alienation and regain their true nature still have a positive guiding significance today, when the war still endangers humanity. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Chaoyang T1 - Research on the Teaching Effectiveness of Ideological and Political Theory Course in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Need Theory, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] What kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them are always fundamental issues in education. Higher education institutions bear the important task of cultivating and delivering talents. The purpose of ideological and political education in universities is to cultivate moral character and cultivate qualified builders and successors for national construction and socialist modernization. Against the backdrop of globalization, the rapid development of networking and informatization has led to profound changes in the values of college students due to the complex network information, posing severe challenges to the ideological and political education work in universities. Its direct manifestation is the weakening of the teaching effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses in universities. In order to address this challenge and enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses, there have been various discussions and studies in the industry. This article attempts to explore the deep-seated reasons that affect the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses in universities from the perspective of the needs of students as human subjects. Guided by the theory of needs, it finds a practical path to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses. The effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses can be measured from two perspectives: student needs and social needs. Social needs and individual needs are a dialectical unity of opposites, and the two cannot be completely separated, but rather interact and transform with each other. The reasonable and common needs of students as individuals will rise and transform into social needs in the contradictory process of teaching activities, and the social needs of national construction and career development will naturally become individual needs for student growth. So, the degree of satisfaction between student needs and social needs is the fundamental indicator for measuring the effectiveness of ideological and political theory teaching in universities. This paper comprehensively uses the text research method, questionnaire survey method and multidisciplinary comprehensive research method, mainly in the following aspects: first, it expounds the need theory, starting from the interpretation of the basic concepts, and respectively sorts out the main contents of Marx and Engels’ need theory, the main contents of Chinese Communists’ need theory, and the views of Maslow, Alderfer, Fromm and other major Western schools on need theory. The second is to sort out the internal relationship between the theory of needs and ideological and political education, and to meet the needs of students and the social needs as the starting point, clarify the connection between the theory of needs and the teaching of Ideological and political theory. Thirdly, through the empirical analysis of the questionnaire, the performance of the lack of effectiveness of the current ideological and political theory course teaching is clarified, and the causes of the problems are found. Fourth, from the perspective of need theory, this paper explores the ways to improve the effectiveness of Ideological and political theory teaching from the aspects of students’ subjective needs, basic needs, development needs and differences in needs. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Kainan T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Subject Conception, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm, an American German Jew. He is a representative figure of the Frankfurt School, as well as a famous philosopher, psychologist, and sociologist. Throughout his lifetime of academic research, it is not difficult to find that the concept of subjectivity runs through all of his theoretical achievements as the main thread. Although Erich Fromm criticized human subjectivity in modern western capitalist society, he also provided a new perspective for our society to examine subjectivity. Erich Fromm, through the construction of human subjectivity, hopes that people can actively and consciously participate in the face of irreversible free life, and can give full play to the productive and creative characteristics of people as the main body of social life, build a meaningful life on the basis of love and reason, and constantly obtain human self realization. Erich Fromm’s thought not only critically inherits Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, but also includes the absorption and reference of Marx’s theory of alienated labor and humanism. There are similarities and differences between Erich Fromm’s interpretation of human subjectivity and Marx’s view that human beings actively transform the world by relying on their own subjective initiative. Erich Fromm’s life has been calling for the return of human subjectivity, emphasizing the importance of human itself. Influenced by Marx, his understanding of the world is that of humans, a world where humans exist as the main body. Humans can transform the world through their own creative activities, and the world should become a world that gives people value and meaning. Erich Fromm’s subjective view can help us understand what kind of social life subjects are needed in modern society, and provide useful enlightenment for us to cultivate and shape sound citizens in combination with the national conditions and folk conditions of Chinese society. However, Erich Fromm’s subjective view also has certain limitations, that is, it is far away from the world outlook and methodology of materialism, and it also ignores the class problem. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Zonglin T1 - The Spread and Acceptance of Fromm in China, Master thesis, Art Theory; Journalism and Media, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As a representative figure of the Frankfurt School that combines literary theorists, philosophers, and social critics, Fromm’s ideas not only exhibit interdisciplinary and diverse integration, but also make his unique contribution to the development of society. The comprehensive and high-level dissemination and acceptance of Fromm’s ideas have also created Fromm’s media image today, providing a foundation for the widespread dissemination of his works and ideas. Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< and >The Art of Loving< are still widely circulated in China today, which can also be attributed to the cross media communication in the era of new media. The paper first starts with the translation, introduction, and publication of Fromm’s original works in China, and discusses the publication overview, form, and sub texts of Fromm’s original works. It also comprehensively examines the paper dissemination form of his theoretical works. The study of the subtitles in Fromm’s original work is a distinctive part of the paper, which is interpreted from two aspects: the evolution of the inner subtitles and the expansion of the outer subtitles. Secondly, study the cross media dissemination of Fromm’s ideas. This applies Mc Luhan media theory, Fromm’s own sociological, psychological, and philosophical theories to study Fromm’s cross media communication in China. Firstly, the evolution of the context of the dissemination of Fromm’s ideas has been summarized, from the initial critical acceptance of Fromm’s introduction to China to the mass communication in the new century. Next is the fragmented dissemination of classic works, exploring Fromm’s dissemination in China from three aspects: as a weapon of thought, as a reading note, and as a philosophical maxim. Finally, there is Fromm in mass media, which aims to restore Fromm’s media image in new media. It is mainly divided into three parts: the popularization of theoretical dissemination, Fromm and the Love Bible, and literary criticism, attempting to identify the reasons for Fromm’s popularity from the root. The acceptance of Fromm’s thought in China is a summary and supplement to the first two parts, and also a process of further approaching Fromm’s thought. The paper first analyzes the audience of Fromm’s ideas in China, starting from two perspectives of productive personality and non-productive personality, and studying Fromm’s acceptance from two audience groups. Secondly, we will explore the ways in which Fromm’s ideas are accepted in China, which can be divided into specialized research in academic dissertations and interdisciplinary research in academic journal papers. The paper further discusses the contemporary value of Fromm’s ideas in China, reflecting reflection and sublimation of Fromm’s research on contemporary value. By closely following the communication characteristics of the new media era, this paper carries out media analysis, reassesses its ideological value, seeks the contemporary value of Fromm’s thought in China, and makes contributions to the retention and dissemination of its essence. Strive to apply Fromm’s own theory to study Fromm’s dissemination and reception in China. By sorting out representative thoughts of Fromm such as >freedom theory<, >personality theory<, and >love theory<, corresponding to the different stages of Fromm’s dissemination in China, and further studying the context and process of Fromm’s dissemination and reception in China, this paper explores the enlightening significance of his ideological theory. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 3/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Tonghang T1 - A Study on the Theme of Loneliness in Süskind's >The Double Bass< from the Perspective of Fromm's New Psychoanalysis [弗洛姆新精神分析视角下聚斯金德《低音提琴》的孤独主题研究], Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 帕特里克·聚斯金德(Patrick Süskind)是德国当代著名小说家、剧作家及电影编剧。1980年,他的处女作独幕单人剧《低音提琴》在慕尼黑首演即获得巨大成功,由此成为欧洲话剧舞台上常演不衰的经典剧目,这也为他后续作品《鸽子》《夏先生的故事》《香水》中对于孤独主题的呈现以及孤独人物形象的构建奠定了基础。 孤独主题在《低音提琴》中表现尤为鲜明和突出。这部作品由一位国立乐团低音提琴手的喃喃自语展开。他置身于一间隔音良好的房间,独自一人饮酒、听音乐、拉琴,情绪极不稳定,时而大喊大叫,时而萎靡叹息。他的独白没有严谨的逻辑,想起什么就会引入大段>题外话<。他是与社会格格不入的局外人,孑然一身,内心极其矛盾,低音提琴是他唯一的朋友与爱人。聚斯金德聚焦于社会小人物的日常生活,而低音提琴手孤独落寞的命运生动体现了后工业时代下社会大众普遍存在的孤独、恐惧和焦虑,尖锐地反映了当代人荒诞异化的心理状态。 本论文采用艾里希·弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)的新精神分析理论,主要分析聚斯金德作品《低音提琴》的孤独主题,以揭示现代人内心的孤独本质。文章分别从主人公的社会处境、情感需要以及个体混合型社会性格三个层面出发,探讨这部作品孤独主题的人物塑造,挖掘主人公孤独的原因。另外,本论文分析了《低音提琴》孤独主题的叙事策略。 本文重点解决了以下三个问题:1.《低音提琴》塑造了怎样的孤独人物形象;2.作品如何艺术地呈现孤独主题;3.孤独主题的呈现具有怎样的现实价值。 通过研究得出结论:1.针对孤独人物形象的塑造,《低音提琴》构建了一个因情感需要长期得不到满足、郁郁不得志、非生产型性格突出的孤独者形象。首先,个体情感需要长期得不到满足,会引发精神孤独。低质的社会关系导致主人公内心压抑,家庭创伤与疏远的人际关系使他恐惧社会交往。个体在孤立无援的社会处境下必然感受到孤独挥之不去。主人公不得不面对有限生命与无限潜能之间的生存性悖论。资本主义社会下的劳动生产过程与消费行为的异化以及碌碌无为的乐团低音提琴手职业也加剧了主人公心理上的孤立无援。此外,个体性格的外化不仅是孤独产生的主观原因,也是孤独引发的结果,更是应对孤独的主体性尝试。低音提琴手面对客观存在的精神需要与个人理想的缺失,主观上通过三种表现以消极的态度应对孤独:(1)包括刻意避免社交和情感转移等方式在内的自我封闭;(2)自我意识过剩,极度自恋;(3)在社会中放弃个性,与大众机械趋同。 2.对于孤独主题的艺术呈现,聚斯金德交替使用第一人称视角和全知视角。主人公孤独的生活状态以内心独白的形式表现出来,读者能够走近主人公,洞察自己孤独的内心。而全知视角对主人公行为和周围环境的描写则让读者与故事保持适当的距离,避免深陷其中,理性思考这种现象。同时,作家打造了一个封闭压抑的空间,隔音极好的小房间推动了孤独氛围的营造。此外,音乐贯穿整部戏剧,听觉意象的调用使得独幕剧的呈现更加丰富,不同的唱片和主人公的演奏声隐喻主人公未来仍然孤独的命运。聚斯金德善于通过流动的叙事视角、封闭的叙事空间以及运用丰富的感官意象来营造孤独主题的氛围,表现孤独的普遍性和无可避免性,并逐渐形成了聚斯金德模式。 3.聚斯金德继承了德国文学传统书写主题,同时大胆创新,对于人物孤独形象的塑造以及孤独叙事技巧形成了聚斯金德模式,由此我们能够体会作者对现代社会中普通人的精神世界的准确把握以及他对于现代人孤独内核的揭示,具有强烈的现实意义。 N2 - Patrick Süskind is a famous contemporary German novelist, playwright and screenwriter. In 1980, his debut one-act play >The Double Bass< was a huge success when it premiered in Munich, and it became a classic play that is often performed on the European drama stage. This also laid the foundation for the presentation of the theme of loneliness and the construction of lonely characters in his subsequent works >The Pigeon<, >The Story of Mr Sommer< and >Perfume – The Story of a Murderer<. The theme of loneliness is particularly vivid and prominent in >The Double Bass<. This work unfolds with the mumbling of a >Double Bass< player of the National Orchestra. He is in a well-insulated room, drinking, listening to music and playing the violin alone. His mood is extremely unstable, sometimes shouting and sometimes sighing. His monologue has no rigorous logic, and he will introduce a long paragraph of >digression< when he thinks of something. He is an outsider who is out of tune with society, alone, and extremely conflicted. >The Double Bass< is his only friend and lover. Süskind focuses on the daily life of the little people in society, and the lonely fate of >The Double Bass< player vividly reflects the loneliness, fear and anxiety that are prevalent in the post-industrial era, and sharply reflects the absurd and alienated psychological state of contemporary people. This paper adopts Erich Fromm's new psychoanalytic theory to mainly analyze the theme of loneliness in Süskind's work >The Double Bass< to reveal the lonely nature of modern people. The article explores the character creation of the theme of loneliness in this work from three levels: the protagonist's social situation, emotional needs, and individual mixed social personality, and explores the reasons for the protagonist's loneliness. In addition, this paper analyzes the narrative strategy of the theme of loneliness in >The Double Bass<. This paper focuses on solving the following three problems: 1. What kind of lonely character image is created in >The Double Bass<; 2. How does the work artistically present the theme of loneliness; 3. What kind of practical value does the presentation of the theme of loneliness have. Through the study, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. In terms of the creation of the lonely character, >The Double Bass< constructs an image of a lonely person who is frustrated and has a prominent non-productive personality because his emotional needs have not been met for a long time. First of all, the long-term unsatisfaction of individual emotional needs will lead to spiritual loneliness. Low-quality social relationships lead to the protagonist's inner depression, and family trauma and alienated interpersonal relationships make him afraid of social interaction. Individuals in a helpless social situation will inevitably feel lonely. The protagonist has to face the existential paradox between limited life and unlimited potential. The alienation of the labor production process and consumption behavior in capitalist society and the mediocre career of >The Double Bass< player in the orchestra also aggravate the protagonist's psychological isolation. In addition, the externalization of individual personality is not only the subjective cause of loneliness, but also the result of loneliness, and it is also a subjective attempt to deal with loneliness. Faced with the objective spiritual needs and lack of personal ideals, >The Double Bass< player subjectively copes with loneliness with a negative attitude through three manifestations: (1) self-isolation, including deliberately avoiding social interaction and emotional transfer; (2) excessive self-consciousness and extreme narcissism; (3) giving up individuality in society and converging with mass machines. 2. In the artistic presentation of the theme of loneliness, Süskind alternates between the first-person perspective and the omniscient perspective. The protagonist's lonely life state is presented in the form of inner monologue, allowing readers to approach the protagonist and gain insight into his own lonely heart. The omniscient perspective's description of the protagonist's behavior and surrounding environment allows readers to keep an appropriate distance from the story, avoid being deeply involved in it, and think rationally about this phenomenon. At the same time, the writer creates a closed and depressing space, and the small room with excellent sound insulation promotes the creation of a lonely atmosphere. In addition, music runs through the entire play, and the use of auditory images makes the presentation of the one-act play richer. Different records and the protagonist's performance sound metaphorically imply the protagonist's future fate of still being lonely. Süskind is good at creating the atmosphere of loneliness through the use of fluid narrative perspectives, closed narrative spaces, and rich sensory images, showing the universality and inevitability of loneliness, and gradually formed the Süskind model. 3. Süskind inherited the traditional writing themes of German literature, and at the same time boldly innovated, forming the Süskind model for the shaping of the lonely image of characters and the lonely narrative techniques. From this, we can appreciate the author's accurate grasp of the spiritual world of ordinary people in modern society and his revelation of the core of modern people's loneliness, which has strong practical significance. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025 Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Ranqian T1 - >Kassandra< – Wahnsinn und weibliches subjektives Bewusstsein in Träumen [《卡珊德拉》疯癫与梦境中的女性主体意识], Master thesis, German Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 东德作家克里斯塔·沃尔夫于1983年创作了小说《卡珊德拉》,以卡珊德拉的视角讲述特洛伊战争期间的事件。本论文运用多元主题分析,分析卡珊德拉的疯癫和梦境中的精神错乱,深入揭示和阐述主人公卡珊德拉的成长经历与内心世界的心理活动的关联,关注卡珊德拉的主体化意识觉醒的过程。第一部分介绍目前学者研究《卡珊德拉》的现状。第二部分是以《卡珊德拉》为例对意识流和意识流小说进行介绍。这一章节概述小说基本情节和重要内容,并且重点解说小说中出现的关键性人物,联合文本进行分析。第三部分是论文里的理论介绍。本文关注>梦境<与>疯癫<,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德、荣格以及埃里希·弗洛姆关于>梦境<的心理分析的理论以及米歇尔·福柯、托马斯·昂茨和谢思勒关于>疯癫<的理解以及理论。第四部分理论性地分析作品中的梦境与疯癫情节。第五部分从作品>疯癫< >梦境<中分析主人公如何面对困境,从而了解卡珊德拉认识自我、形成身份的主体化过程。 小说主人公卡珊德拉的疯癫是现实与理想之间发生强烈冲突的一种自我保护,也是自我认识和身份形成的重要手段;卡珊德拉的梦境是现实世界对于自我内心世界的入侵,具有积极和消极两面性质,破坏了主人公内心世界的安宁,也引导主人公人认清现实;卡珊德拉通过疯癫、梦境等主要方式逐渐形成独立自我意识。 N2 - Die ostdeutsche Schriftstellerin Christa Wolf schrieb 1983 die Erzählung >Kassandra<, in der sie die Ereignisse während des Trojanischen Krieges aus Kassandras Perspektive erzählt. In dieser Arbeit werden mithilfe einer Mehrthemenanalyse der Wahnsinn und der Wahn in den Träumen der Protagonistin Kassandra analysiert, die Beziehung zwischen ihrer Wachstumserfahrung und den psychologischen Aktivitäten ihrer inneren Welt erläutert und der Prozess des Erwachens ihres subjektiven Bewusstseins skizziert. Im ersten Teil geht es um den aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung zu >Kassandra<. Gegenstand des zweiten Teils eine Einführung zur Theorie des >Bewusstseinsstroms<, die am Beispiel der Erzäh¬lung >Kas¬sandra< verdeutlicht wird. Es werden die grundlegende Handlung und wichtige Inhalte der Erzählung beschrieben, wobei die Schlüsselfiguren im Mittelpunkt der Textanalyse stehen. Der dritte Teil dient der Einführung in die Theorie der >Träume< anhand der psychoanalytischen Theorien Sigmund Freuds, C. G. Jungs und Erich Fromms und denen des >Wahnsinns<, für die die Theorien von Michel Foucault und Thomas Anz sowie Phyllis Cheslers herangezogen werden. Im vierten Teil werden die Traum- und Wahnhandlungen im Werk theoretisch erörtert. Im fünften Teil wird analysiert, wie die Prota¬gonistin mit dem Dilemma durch >Wahnsinn< und >Traum< umgeht, um den Subjektivierungsprozess ihres Selbstverständnisses und ihrer Identitätsbildung zu verstehen. Der Wahnsinn von Kassandra lässt sich als eine Art Selbstschutz verstehen, der durch den starken Konflikt zwischen Realität und Idealen verursacht wird; er ist auch ein wichtiges Mittel zu ihrem Selbstverständnis und zu ihrer Identitätsbildung. Kassandras Traum ist die Invasion ihrer inneren Welt durch die reale Welt, die die doppelte Natur von Positiv und Negativ in sich trägt, er zerstört den Frieden der inneren Welt der Protagonistin und führt sie zur Erkenntnis der Realität; durch Wahnsinn, Träume und andere wichtige Mittel entwickelt sich ein unabhängiges Selbstbewusstsein. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025 / MZ] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Linrong T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Ideas on Human Freedom and Emancipation, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Fromm’s lifelong focus has been on the analysis of the dilemma of human existence, the critique of the current state of society, and the proposal of prescriptions for its salvation. Faced with the pathological Western society, Fromm devoted himself to finding answers for the salvation of society in various disciplines. In this regard, Fromm’s thought and his achievements have an important place in Western Marxism, and the study of Fromm and his writings is of great significance to the study of people and society at that time. The idea of liberal emancipation is the main element that runs through Fromm’s entire ideological perspective and is an important contribution to his Marxist theory of emancipation. His lifelong focus was on the >isolated modern man<, and he devoted himself to exploring the root causes of social pathologies and the existence of sick individuals, and finally proposed a prescription for saving sick Western society. The study of Fromm’s ideas not only deepens our understanding of Marxism, but also helps us understand the nature of capitalism and the superiority of socialism, and facilitates the essential criticism of the alienation of capitalist society. First, the thesis explores the ideological origins of Fromm’s liberal emancipation. The first task of the study of Fromm’s liberal emancipation idea is to achieve an exploration of its social background and theoretical origins. The heavy blows of the two world wars and the coexistence of prosperity and crisis in post-war capitalism have made people in capitalist society face the dilemma of being used as tools and suffering from relentless competition and pressure. While focusing on the development of Western capitalist society, Fromm focuses on drawing the essence of theories from Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist theories and using them for himself, finally forming the idea of liberal liberation. Second, the dissertation analyzes and studies Fromm’s ideological perspectives on sound society and sound man. Combining the analysis of Fromm’s multiple texts, the thesis begins with Fromm’s goal of liberating human freedom, i. e. building a sound society and cultivating sound human beings. Finally, he proposes that the path to freedom and liberation is through psychological and social revolutions, pointing out that psychologi¬cal revolution is the revelation of the social unconscious and the cultivation of love and rationality, while social revolution is the simultaneous change in the economic, political and cultural fields, aiming at building a new society that can better adapt to the new man. Humanity is the starting and ending point of Fromm’s theory of freedom and emancipation. The goal of liberal emancipation is the return of human nature, which greatly highlights the status of human beings. But people in social life are always faced with various exis¬tential dilemmas, so the construction of a sound society is the need for the return of sound human beings. However, Fromm’s placing the liberal emancipation of human beings in the field of human-social relations is not in line with the actual social development. Third, the thesis provides a comparative study of the relevant discourses of Fromm and Marx. Although Fromm has certain differences with Marxist theory, his theory of human nature and human emancipation involved in liberal emancipation enriches the overall alienation of Marxism with a microscopic perspective, and there are reasonable points that have positive effects on the framing of today’s society and the shaping of sound human beings, and have important practical values for the development of contemporary China. From a dialectical point of view, Fromm’s idea of liberal emancipation also has certain shortcomings, which, together with its inherent utopian nature, lead to deviations from Marxism in the establishment of the goal of emancipation and the planning of the path to emancipation, and its proposed program for a sound society does not have a Marxist practical nature. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Panpan T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation, Master thesis, Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Based on his historical context, Fromm absorbed the essence of previous thoughts such as Marx’s theory of alienation and Freud’s psychoanalysis, continued the Western humanistic critique tradition, and analyzed the phenomenon of consumption alienation in capitalist society from a social psychology perspective, thus constructing a consumption alienation theory with a unique perspective and humanistic concern. Fromm’s profound insights into consumption alienation not only provide a correct view of the issues and inherent drawbacks of consumption in capitalist society but also offer crucial theoretical support and inspiration for combating irrational consumption trends in China’s consumer market and realizing people’s aspirations for a better life. This paper, grounded in Fromm’s critical perspective on capitalist consumption alienation and its value orientation, starts from Fromm’s preliminary analysis of the phenomenon of capitalist consumption alienation, and further explores the causes and dissolution paths of consumption alienation. Finally, it dia¬lectically examines the strengths and limitations of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory from a Marxist perspective. Specifically, it explores the following four aspects: First, it examines the historical background and theo¬retical origins of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Historically, the advanced capitalist countries in the West accelerated productivity growth through Fordist production methods and ushered in an era of mass consumption. However, this material prosperity did not bring true happiness and freedom. Instead, frequent social crises such as the two World Wars and economic crises led to people’s suffering, wide¬spread loneliness, and helplessness. Theoretically, Fromm, after deeply studying and absorbing Marx’s theory of alienation, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, and Marcuse’s theory of consumption alienation, further developed and innovated to form his unique consumption alienation theory. Second, it analyzes the main content of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm first defines the connotation of consumption alienation from a social psychology perspective, viewing alienation as the deprivation of individual productivity, manifested as a profound psychological experience. Essentially, con¬sumption alienation is a psychological experience of the separation of human existence and essence in consumption stimulated by capitalism, severing the true connection between people and consumption. Next, Fromm reveals the real manifestations of consumption alienation in capitalist society. This includes the alienation of the consumption subject, characterized by changes in consumer roles, needs, and per¬ceptions; the alienation of the consumption object, characterized by the commodification of identity, per¬sonality, and leisure time; the alienation of consumption means, characterized by the abstraction of money and the shift towards ownership priority; and the alienation of consumption purposes, characterized by the deviation from survival value to material satisfaction. Finally, Fromm emphasizes the triple dangers brought by consumption alienation, covering aspects such as mental negativity, resource depletion, and inter¬per¬sonal estrangement, revealing deep crises on the spiritual, ecological, and survival levels. Third, it deeply explores the causes and dissolution paths of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm believes that the distortion of inherent needs rooted in human nature, especially the needs for relatedness, transcendence, and a sense of identity in capitalist society, is the internal mechanism of con¬sumption alienation. The large-scale industrial machinery, private ownership, advertising strategies, and the resulting social character in capitalist society jointly act and further exacerbate consumption alienation. Therefore, regarding the dissolution path of consumption alienation, Fromm proposes solutions on two levels. On the personal level, cultivating a productive character and emphasizing an existence-oriented way of living are key to overcoming consumption alienation; on the social level, establishing a humanistic socialist society supported by comprehensive economic, political, and cultural reforms is considered a fea¬sible solution to the problem of consumption alienation. This cause analysis and solution design that com¬bines individual psychology with social structure highlight the core features and uniqueness of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fourth, it objectively evaluates the contributions and limitations of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm insights into the inherent needs in human nature from a psychological perspective and his critique of consumption alienation in capitalist society enrich the research perspectives and methods of Marxism. At the same time, his proposed solutions express a deep concern for human existence and development, emphasizing the value of human subjectivity and have certain referential value. However, Fromm’s thoughts on consumption alienation also have certain limitations. His theory has contradictions and ambiguities, and the reform plan based on an abstract theory of human nature carries a strong utopian color in practice, deviating from Marxism and lacking the practical nature of Marxism. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Xueqi T1 - From Alienation to Productive Relatedness: Individual Anxiety in Doris Lessing’s Semi-autobiographical Novels, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2024 application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Chinese abstract not available] Doris Lessing(1919 – 2013)is recognized universally as a distinguished writer in the modern English world. Her works, covering a diverse range of themes including colonialism and post-colonialism, female body and consciousness, and the history and future of humanity, probe into the characters’ psychological world and offer a faithful representation of modern individuals’ inner struggles. Studying the three semi-autobiographical novels Lessing published during the 1960 s and1970s – >The Golden Notebook<, >Briefing for a Descent into Hell<, and >The Memoirs of a Survivor<–, this thesis delves into the anxiety experienced by the three major characters portrayed in the novels and the state of alienation they were subjected to, and investigates the characters’ varying degrees of awareness regarding the root cause of their anxiety as well as their respective responses to the sentiment. On this basis, the thesis also tries to unveil Lessing’s perception of her own anxiety and its genesis in the twentieth-century Western world. This thesis is underpinned by Erich Fromm’s theory on alienation. Fromm’s perspectives, combined with the investigation of the issues of alienation and anxiety that plague Lessing and her characters, help this thesis reveal the fundamental cause of anxiety typical of the age and propose potential solutions to modern individuals’ anxiety. The main body of the thesis is divided into three chapters, which trace a phased process of individuals’ gradual resolution of their anxiety through transcending their alienated state. Chapter One examines the anxiety of Richard Portmain in >The Golden Notebook< as well as his insensitivity to his alienated state as the underlying cause of his anxiety. Mr. Portmain’s unrestrained eagerness for wealth, as a power extra¬neous to himself, precluded him from experiencing his selfhood in a way that threatened his psychological existence as an individual, and as his preoccupation with exchange extended into his interactions with others, his alienated interpersonal relationships plagued him by plunging him into a daunting state of >separateness<. Mr. Portmains’ unawareness of his alienated state as the root cause of anxiety hindered his actions to cope with the sentiment. Chapter Two investigates Charles Watkins’ awareness of the underlying cause of his anxiety as well as his struggles to eliminate the influence of alienation to battle his anxiety in >Briefing for a Descent into Hell<. Mr. Watkins’ anxiety stemmed from the opposition between the numb surrounding world and his own sobriety. He tried to construct within his mind an unalienated illusory world as a refuge from his anxious state, but this endeavor was cut short by the force of automaton con¬formity exerted upon him by the psychiatrists. Under great pressure, Mr. Watkins relinquished the self¬hood he obtained from the illusory world and returned to his original alienated state with worsened anxiety. Chapter Three explores the effective resolution of anxiety by Emily Cartright in >The Memoirs of a Survivor<. Emily’s anxiety was induced by her traumatic childhood experience, which led to her recognition of the menaced existence of her selfhood and the helplessly alone state she was in. Being conscious of her alienated state as the underlying cause of her anxiety, Emily actively ventured out to seek connections. After gaining a temporary sense of security by submitting to authority, Emily became aware that it is productive relatedness, rather than an alienated one, that held the key to the effective handling of anxiety. After establishing productive relatedness with herself and the world, Emily’s anxiety was effectively resol¬ved. The three characters’ struggles against their anxiety to some extent mirror Lessing’s interactions with her anxiety throughout her decades-long writing career and communicate her concern about alienation and anxiety as important social issues. With the three semi-autobiographical novels, Lessing transformed her personal experience into an archetype of modern individuals’ collective experience and proposed a feasible solution to the anxiety experienced by modern individuals. In a word, through studying Lessing’s representation of alienation and anxiety in her semiautobiographical novels, this thesis leads to the conclusion that individuals’ alienated state spawns anxiety by threatening their perception of their psychological existence and plunging them into a daunting state of >separateness<. This thesis, more importantly, unveils that modern individuals can effectively resolve their anxiety only after they recognize their alienated state and forge productive relatedness with their selves and the world to transcend the influence of alienation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Nana T1 - Unconquerable Loneliness and Alienation: A Comparative Study of >The Heart is a Lonely Hunter< and >Of Mice and Men<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Both >the lonely hunter< Carson McCullers and >the spokesman for the underprivileged< John Steinbeck are considered the great American realists in the 20th century, and they share the common concern with the loneliness of marginalized characters in the process of Industrialization. In the novella >Of Mice and Men<, John Steinbeck pays attention to the miserable life of a group of itinerant ranch workers in California and tries to explore their spiritual predicament during the epochal times between 1929 and 1940, especially the various kinds of isolation suffered by them due to poverty, race, gender and disability. In Carson McCullers’ >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter<, the depiction of loneliness is revealed through five radically different grotesques in a mill town, whose troubled lives intersect in the Depression era of the South. As current studies have mainly focused on the two novels respectively, this thesis intends to make a comparative study of the two novels under the guidance of Fromm’s alienation theory so as to examine the common alienation motif. By close reading of the two novels, this paper analyzes those isolated people’s shared embodiment of alienation, desperate struggle against alienation and causes of their doomed failure, and summarizes the universality and inevitability of alienation in the Depression-era America. With the combined perspectives of both a female writer and a male writer on the same motif, the comparative study on the two novels can provide us a more comprehensive understanding of alienation and help us to explore the spiritual plight of American marginalized figures in that period more extensively and perceptively, so that we can have an overall picture of the American society in the process of historical change. [English: www.cnki.net, 3/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wan, Xinrui T1 - Research on Fromm’s Freedom View from the Perspective of Marxist Philosophy, Master thesis, Philosophy, Jingdezhen Ceramics University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] At present, the domestic theoretical research on Fromm mainly focuses on the art of love and escape from freedom, focusing on the analysis of the social problems existing in the social system at that time and the reasons behind it, in order to solve the freedom dilemma of some people. The existing literature mainly analyzes Fromm’s works from the Angle of psychology, ignoring the Angle of sociology and philosophy, so the research on the problem of freedom is not deep and comprehensive. Moreover, there are few researches on the relation and difference between Marxist freedom view and Fromm freedom view. This paper uses the method of multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis to describe the connotation, source, advantages and limitations of Fromm’s freedom view. In addition, this paper also makes a comparative analysis of Fromm’s freedom view and Marxist freedom view from many angles, finds the internal connection and difference between the two, and critically inherits the reasonable part of Fromm’s freedom view under the guidance of Marxist freedom view. This paper finds that Fromm inherits Marx’s materialist dialectics and other philosophical thoughts to a certain extent, and provides a new path and method for human freedom and liberation. However, Fromm still has some misunderstandings about Marxist philosophy, which makes it difficult to put his theory into practice. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is a comprehensive description of the research background and significance of the topic. Fromm’s freedom view has important reference value for exploring the problems existing in human spirit and psychology. The second part is to describe and analyze the connotation of Fromm’s freedom view, so as to have an overall understanding of his freedom view theory. The third part is to analyze the theoretical source of Fromm’s freedom view, so as to understand the reasons for its formation. The fourth part makes a horizontal comparison between Fromm’s view of freedom and Marxist view of freedom from the aspects of the subject of freedom, alienation (non-freedom) and discrimination of the concept that is easily confused with freedom, and finds the connection and difference between them. The fifth part criticizes Fromm’s freedom view from the perspective of Marxist philosophy, in order to preserve the reasonable part of his freedom view study. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER -