TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jing T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Alienation of Consumption and Its Enlightenment for China Building a Conservation Oriented Society [弗洛姆消费异化理论对中国构建节约型社会的启示], Master thesis, Fundamentals of Marxism, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China 2017. N2 - 自改革开放以来, 国人在较短的时间内实现了从温饱型消费到享受型消费的转变, 个人的消费需求得到极大满足。然而, 生活质量的提高不但没有降低人们对消费品的占有欲望, 反而造成了消费过程中的过度消费、超前消费、盲目消费等消费异化现象。基于此, 本文通过对弗洛姆消费异化思想的研究, 结合中国当前消费领域存在的问题, 提出科学合理、适合中国国情的消费理念和消费行为, 有效避免陷入西方式消费异化问题。弗洛姆在马克思主义劳动异化理论的基础上, 从社会心理学的角度批判资本主义消费中的不合理现象。他认为消费异化是把消费本身变成目的, 个体的消费行为受到外界的干扰, 使人变成贪婪的消费工具, 同时人们对物质无止境的追求而引发了一系列的社会及生态问题。他认为消费异化的产生是利己主义与资本主义共同作用的结果, 所以要消除消费异化必须要从政治、经济、文化、个体等方面着手, 找出导致消费异化产生的根本原因, 从根源上避免消费异化。当前, 随着我国生产力的持续发展和科学技术水平的不断进步, 人们的生活质量快速提高, 人们的消费需求也在不断增长, 且消费需求的快速增长逐渐成为我国经济社会发展的强劲动力之一。但伴随人们迅速增长的消费欲望, 我国消费领域也出现了类似弗洛姆所批判的消费异化现象。与此同时, 目前我国还存在较为严重的收入差距问题, 这在客观上加剧了消费领域的异化问题。不论是高收入者的奢靡消费还是低收入者的超前消费、盲目消费, 都面临消费异化倾向。当人们沉溺于过度消费的快感之中, 被物所束缚, 在消费中体验虚假>自由<和>幸福<, 并逐渐在异化消费中迷失自我。据于此, 展开对弗洛姆消费异化理论的深入研究, 对避免消费异化问题具有重要理论价值和现实意义。本文主要通过三种方法对弗洛姆消费异化问题进行研究, 一是文献分析法, 研读马克思主义及西方马克思主义学者的消费异化理论, 以期对本文研究提供理论支撑。二是历史与逻辑相结合的方法, 从历史角度阐释马克思主义经典作家及西方马克思主义学者对消费异化理论的研究, 重点分析弗洛姆有关消费异化的理论, 揭示消费异化产生的根源、表现极其影响, 总结克服消费异化采取的措施。三是理论联系实际的方法, 将弗洛姆消费异化理论与我国当前现实相结合, 从社会学、生态学、伦理学等角度分析, 为解决消费异化问题指明出路, 为我国建设节约型社会提供理论引导。通过以上三种方法对西方马克思学者消费异化理论进行深入研究, 以弗洛姆的消费异化思想为主线, 为我国研究消费异化问题奠定理论基石和消费理念。在消费主义盛行时代, 研究消费异化问题, 可以帮助人们审视自己的消费理念, 自觉抵制消费异化行为。引导人们以马克思主义理论为指导, 树立正确科学的消费观, 发挥社会主义核心价值观的价值引领作用, 在人们心中播撒绿色消费理念, 引导我国民众进行理性消费, 有力推动我国构建节约型社会的步伐。 N2 - Since the reform and opening up, the people in a relatively short period of time from the food and clothing consumption to the enjoyment of consumption changes, personal consumption demand has been greatly met. However, the improvement of the quality of life not only does not reduce people’s desire for consumer goods, but also leads to excessive consumption, excessive consumption, blind consumption and other phenomena of consumption alienation in the process of consumption. Based on this, this article through the research on Fromm’s thoughts of consumption alienation, combined with the existing problems in the field of China current consumption, put forward scientific and reasonable consumption concept and consumption behavior, for Chinese conditions, effectively avoid western consumption alienation. On the basis of Marx’s theory of labor alienation, Fromm criticized the irrational phenomena in capitalist consumption from the angle of social psychology. He thinks that alienation is the consumption itself, consumer behavior of individuals from outside interference, make people become greedy consumption tools, at the same time people endless pursuit of material and cause a series of social and ecological problems. He believes that consumption alienation is the common egoism and capitalism results, so to eliminate the alienation of consumption must proceed from the political, economic, cultural and individual aspects, identifies the root causes of consumption alienation, avoid the alienation of consumption from the source. At present, with the continuous development of China’s productivity and the level of science and technology, people’s quality of life has increased rapidly, people’s consumption demand is also growing, and the rapid growth of consumer demand has gradually become one of the strong momentum of China’s economic and social development. But with the rapid growth of consumption desire, there has been a consumption alienation phenomenon similar to Fromm’s criticism in the consumption field of our country. At the same time, China still has a serious income gap problem, which objectively aggravates the alienation of consumption. Whether it is extravagant consumption of high-income earners or low-income people’s excessive consumption, blind consumption, are facing the tendency of consumption alienation. When people indulge in the pleasure of excessive consumption, they are bound by things, experience false >freedom< and >happiness< in consumption, and gradually lose themselves in the alienation of consumption. According to this, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to avoid the alienation of consumption in an intensive study of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. This paper mainly through three kinds of method to study the Fromm problem of consumption alienation, is a literature analysis, the study of Marx’s doctrine and the Western Marxist scholars consumption alienation theory, to provide theoretical support for this study. The two method is a combination of history and logic, the research on consumption alienation theory from the angle of history interpretation of classical writer Marx and the Western Marxist scholars, focuses on the analysis of Fromm about the consumption alienation theory, and reveals the root performance consumption alienation produced extremely influence, summarizes the measures taken to overcome the alienation of consumption. The three is the method of theory and practice, combining Fromm’s alienation of consumption theory and the current reality of our country, from the analysis of sociology, ecology, ethics and other point of view, to solve the problem of consumption alienation pointed out, to provide theoretical guidance for the construction of a conservation oriented society in china. Through the above three methods to conduct in-depth study of the western scholars Marx consumption alienation theory, Fromm’s thought to the alienation of consumption as the main line, laid the theoretical foundation and the consumption concept for our country to study the problem of consumption alienation. In the era of consumerism, the study of consumption alienation can help people to examine their own consumption concept, and consciously resist consumption alienation. To guide people to be guided by Marx theory, establish the correct scientific concept of consumption, the value of socialist core values play a leading role, in the hearts of people spread the concept of green consumption, and guide our people to rational consumption, promote the construction of a conservation oriented society development in China. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dillon, Katrina E. T1 - An Ethic of Love: A Frommian Critique of Education, Doctoral dissertation, Language, Literacy and Sociocultural Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 2017, 283+5 pp. [digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1081&context=educ_llss_etds] N2 - This dissertation is centrally concerned with the ways in which Erich Fromm’s critical analysis of society can be applied to education, specifically looking at the ways in which Fromm’s conceptualizations of freedom, ethics, and love can be used both to critique education and to provide an alternative vision of education through an ethic of love. With its focus on humanization and freedom, critical pedagogy offers a powerful critique, but its liberatory potential has yet to be fully realized, largely because of the ways in which critical theory has been engaged in the work of critical pedagogy. Fromm’s work offers a necessary complication to critical pedagogy through his analysis of the psychological and emotional dimensions of authentic humanization. Combining the liberatory aims of critical pedagogy with Fromm’s work enables us to reveal how schooling functions to perpetuate negative freedom, to propose a universal ethic or moral vision for critical educational studies, and to engage in a critical humanizing praxis. Ultimately, the hope of this project is to show how a more complex understanding of freedom that centers a critical theory of love allows us to develop a pedagogical framework where education as the practice of positive freedom becomes synonymous with teaching as an ethic of love. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Avilés Herrera, Karen T1 - Análisis de la neurosis como resultado de la alienación al trabajo en el sistema capitalista en la obra de Erich Fromm, Bachelor thesis, Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador 2017, 73+4 pp. [https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/2969978] N2 - La relación del hombre con el trabajo es una problemática transversal a la historia humana, la deformación que ha atravesado esta actividad en los modos de producción que el hombre ha creado, hacen del contexto un factor determinante que aqueja la vida del hombre. Las relaciones que se establecen en torno al trabajo han sido analizadas y cuestionadas por un sin número de autores sin embargo, la perspectiva de Erich Fromm consigue entablar un diálogo entre dos vertientes teóricas que favorecen este análisis, el Marxsismo y el Psicoanálisis, con el fin de generar una visión más amplia del ser humano y encontrar las soluciones apropiadas al problema de su existencia. En este trabajo se realiza una investigación teórica sobre estos fenómenos individuales y sociales, con el fin de determinar la relación que existe entre la alienación en el trabajo y la constitución de la neurosis como categoría clínica en el marco del sistema capitalista. En este recorrido teórico se encontró que la alienación es la base estructural que determina las condiciones que impone el sistema capitalista sobre el trabajo y sobre los vínculos humanos, dando lugar a que el individuo degenere en una de las patologías psíquicas más comunes en la modernidad, la neurosis. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zheng, Lan T1 - Living Predicament – On the Theme of Alienation in >The Human Stain< [生存的困境 - 论《人性的污秽》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 中的异化主题作为当代最有影响力的美国犹太裔作家之一,菲利普·罗斯的小说主要描述犹太身份、美国梦、现代和传统道德的冲突以及性爱。2000年,罗斯完成>美国三部曲<的最后一部-《人性的污秽》。小说讲述浅肤色黑人科尔曼·西尔克的故事,他放弃自己的种族身份,伪装为犹太人最后导致自己的人生悲剧。小说和种族、黑人身份紧密联系,深刻揭示了隐藏的社会问题。国内外学者已经对这部小说进行广泛的研究,然而鲜有人关注小说中的异化主题。弗洛姆认为在现当代资本主义社会存在严重的异化。本篇论文拟借助弗洛姆的异化理论,剖析小说所表达的个人自我异化,人与人之间关系的异化和外部社会的异化。通过揭示普遍的异化现象进一步探讨小说中人物的生存困境。除导论和结论外,正文由三章组成。第一章分析小说的自我异化,主要包括科尔曼的种族逃离、莱斯特扭曲的性格、德芬妮的生存困境和福尼娅贬低自我的人生。异化的人丧失与自己的联系,也与他人失去联系。他感觉已经失去与外界的创造性联系,感到沮丧和无能为力。第二章探讨小说中人与人之间关系的异化,从家庭,爱情以及和周围人的疏离方面入手分析小说中人际关系的异化。异化不仅存在于自我,也存在于人与人之间。小说中人物的关系由于复杂的利益变得异化和扭曲。第三章考察小说中外部世界的异化,分析政治和种族异化以及病态社会给人们带来的影响。 N2 - As one of the most influential contemporary Jewish American writers, Philip Roth’s novels mainly deal with Jewish identity, American dream, the conflicts between modern and traditional morality and erotic love. In 2000, Roth finished the last one of >American Trilogy<: >The Human Stain<. This novel narrates a story of a light-skinned black man Coleman Silk. He chooses to abandon his racial identity, passing for Jewish people and leading to his final tragedy. It is closely related to race and black identity, profoundly revealing hidden social problems. There have been numerous researches on >The Human Stain<. However, few people explore the alienation theme in this novel. Fromm states there is serious alienation in contemporary society. This article tries to disclose self-alienation, alienation in interpersonal relationship and alienation of society through Fromm’s alienation theory. Through revealing widespread alienation phenomenon, it will further discuss the living predicament of characters in this novel. In addition to introduction and conclusion, there are three chapters in the main body.– Chapter one analyzes self-alienation in this novel, including Coleman’s racial passing, Lester’s twisted character, Delphine’s surviving dilemma and Faunia’s demeaning life. Alienated people lose contact with himself and other people. He feels that he has lost the creative contact with society, becoming depressed and powerless.– Chapter two focuses on alienation in interpersonal relationship in this novel, consisting of alienation in family and love and alienation of other people. Alienation exists not only in oneself, but also among people. The relationship between characters in novel is distorted due to complicated interests.– Chapter three argues alienation of society in novel covering political and ethnic alienation and discusses the impact of morbid world. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mrnarević, Ana T1 - Etički pristup problematici ljudske seksualnosti [Ethical Approach to the Problem of Human Sexuality], Diploma thesis, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2017, 38 pp., Croatian. [darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/9492/1/amrnarevic2017.pdf] N2 - Tema je ovoga rada ljudskaslobodau odabiru seksualne orijentacije i odgovarajućem ponašanju, odnosno seksualna sloboda pojedinca i utjecaj društvenih odrednica na nju. Cilj je rada prikazati i analizirati različite stavove o tim pitanjima, a pritom posebno istaknuti problematiku pedofilije, što je primjer na kojemu se može propitati postavljanje granica ljudskoj seksualnosti. Pitanje seksualnosti, općenito i u pojedinim slučajevima, promatrat će se pluriperspektivno, s naglaskom na filozofsko-etičkojtedonekle političkoji pravnojdimenziji. Je li seksualnost prirodni fenomenili društveni konstrukt? Ako i postoje granice ljudske seksualnosti, tko ih smije i može odrediti? Možemo li govoriti o prirodnom i neprirodnom, u smisludevijantnoga,ili postoji više seksualnosti? Na koji se način ljudska seksualnost može pravno regulirati? Kakva je povezanost između etičke i pravne regulacije? Ima li seksualnost uopće moralnu komponentu ili se uvijek radi o nekom postupku čija nemoralnost proizlazi iz nečeg što nije nužno vezano uz seksualnost? Konceptkoji je bitan u pitanjima seksualnosti jest pristanak. Pitanje koje se postavlja jest kada, odnosnood koje dobi nečiji pristanak prihvaćamo kao takav? Nije li dopuštenadobna granica za stupanje u spolne odnose proizvoljna? Možemo li doista zabranitiodnos samo zato što netko ima određeni broj godina? N2 - The topic of this paper is the question of human freedom in choosing sexual orientation and corresponding behaviour, respectively, the sexual freedom of the individual and the influence of social determinations on it. The aim of the paper is to present and analyse different views on these issues and thereby accentuate the issue of pedophilia which is an example in which the imposition of limits on human sexuality can be examine. The question of sexuality, in general and in individual cases, will be observed pluriperspectively, with stress on the philosophical-ethical and to some extent political and legal dimension. Is sexuality a natural phenomenon or a social construct? If there are limits to human sexuality, who is allowed to determine them and who can do that? Can we talk about natural or unnatural, in a sense of deviant, or there are many sexualities? In what way can a human sexuality be legally regulated? What is the link between ethical and legal regulation? Does sexuality have a moral component at all or is it always a process whose immorality derives from something that is not necessarily from this sexual part? The concept that matters within the question of sexuality is consent. The question that arises is when or, actually, from what age do we accept someone’s consent as such? Is it not the case that the age limit for entering in sexual relations is a bit arbitrary? Can we indeed forbid the relation just because someone have a certain number of years. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kılıç, Melike T1 - Türk Romanında Flanör Duşüncenin Eleştirel iki Yorumu: >Aylak Adam< ve >Aylaklar<, Master's thesis, Social Sciences Institute, Department for Turkish Language and Literature, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, Istanbul 2017, 108+11 pp., Turkish. [acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11352/2459] N2 - Bu çalışma, modernitenin oluşturduğu tiplerden biri olan aylakların, Türk romanına etkisini Yusuf Atılgan'ın >Aylak Adam< ve Melih Cevdet Anday'ın >Aylaklar< eserleri üzerinden incelemektedir. Moderniteyle gelen değişimlerin mekâna, zamana, topluma ve bireye etkisinin ele alındığı ve modernleşmenin, başkenti olan Paris'ten başlayarak, edebî eserlere ve Türk edebiyatına tesirlerinin irdelendiği tez, aylaklığa karşı toplumdaki iki farklı bakış açısını ortaya koymaktadır. Paris modernleşmesinin ardından, modern olana alışma sürecinde ortaya çıkan yeni tiplerden flanörün aylaklığı, bazı eserlerde modern olana başkaldırı ve bir duruş olarak görülürken, bazı eserlerde flanörler bir meşgaleye sahip olmamasıyla yerilir. Tez, aylaklığa bakışın Türk romanında da aynı şekilde teşekkül ettiğini ileri sürer. Bu görüşlerden elde edilen ise, Türk romanında aylaklık durumunun iki kutbunu gösteren >Aylak Adam< ve >Aylaklar'< ın flanör düşünce ve çalışma felsefeleri bağlamında incelenerek; dönem romanlarında toplumun yeniye, yeni çalışma tarzlarına, aylaklığa ve mirasyediliğe olan tavrıdır. >Aylak Adam'da< aylaklığın bazen bir başkaldırı bazen de toplumun dışlamasına bağlı olarak bireyin yabancılaşması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir durum olarak verildiği ve kahramanın aylak olmasının ona ait olumsuz bir durum olmadığı roman bağlamında açıklanmıştır. >Aylaklar< romanında ise, birden fazla aylak karakterin aylaklık durumlarının olumsuz olarak gösterilmekten öte, işsizliğin büyük bir eksikliğe tekabül ettiği, romana dayanarak ileri sürülmüştür, roman Marks’ın Fransa’daki başıboşlar için kullandığı ve geliştirdiği >lümpen< kavramıyla bağlantılar kurularak değerlendirilmiştir. N2 - This study is an inquiry into vagabonds, which is a new figure that emerges with modernization, and into the ways in which the vagabonds effect Turkish novel, particularly through the novels >Aylak Adam<, written by Yusuf Atılgan and >Aylaklar<, written by Melih Cevdet Anday. The thesis aims to consider the modernization together with the changes, those to be concerned in relation with the shifts on the concepts of time, space and individuals. I attempt to analyze how these very changes influence the Turkish literature, in general, and the Turkish novel, in specific. Having handled the modernization from its beginnings in Paris, I intend to assert two main approaches towards the figure of vagabond in societal sense. Inside the adaptation process that is followed by the Paris modernization, the figure of vagabond is tend to be considered either as a figure of rebellion, or, it is critized for being lack of the feeling and the act responsibility. So, the thesis asserts that the main approaches towards the vagabond is projected into the literature as well as the same. What is collected as a result of this diversity, I attempt to consider the novels >Aylak Adam< and >Aylaklar< as the two poles of vagabond thought. I intend to comprehend the adaptation process of modernization, as reflected into the novels >Aylak Adam< and >Aylaklar< with regard to vagabond thought. Following this map, I discuss the ways in which the society produces to survive in order to adapt what is new, and what is mainly thought about the figures of vagabond and heir. Based upon the novel >Aylak Adam<, it is explained that being a vagabond does not simply signify negativity, but represents either rebellion or alienation, related to the exclusion by the society. In the novel >Aylaklar<, among various representatives of vagabond, the figure is represented rather than basically being a negative figure, but as a figure in order to highlight the unemployement as a major deficiency. The novel is mainly evaluated with regard to the concept of >lumpen< that Marx had created and improved, for those who was roving in France. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Choiriyah, Mamluatul T1 - Ḥadῑs-ḥadîs tentang larangan isrāf dan makhῑlah (studi ma`ânī al-ḥadīs) [The Hadiths about the Prohibition of Isrāf and Makhῑlah (Ma`ânī al-ḥadīs Study)], Bachelor thesis, Department of Al-Qur'an and Tafsir Sciences, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Dadwah, Surakarta State Institute of Islamic Religion, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia 2017, 95+12 pp., Indonesian. [core.ac.uk/download/pdf/296470236.pdf] N2 - Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tentang makna isrāf dan makhīlah yang terdapat dalam ḥadīs, Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Ibn Mājah dan an-Nasai'. Melihat dari realita di zaman sekarang kebanyakan orang bersikap isrāf dan makhīlah maka penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji makna kata tersebut dan relevansi antara ḥadīs dengan apa yang terjadi pada saat ini. Adapun yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana memahami ḥadīs-ḥadīs tentang isrāf dan makhīlah. 2) Bagaimana relevansi ḥadīs-ḥadīs tentang larangan isrāf dan makhīlah pada zaman sekarang? Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Dalam penelitian penulis melakukan kajian MA`ÂNῙ AL-ḤADῙS, tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui historis suatu ḥadīs. Dan dalam konteks apa ḥadīs tersebut disabdakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan bahasa, dan pendekatan historis serta kajian konfirmasi makna dengan petunjuk al-Qur`an agar matn ḥadīs tidak bertentangan dengan al-Qur`an. Dari hasil penelitian yang penulis teliti, Ḥadīs-ḥadīs tentang larangan isrāf dan makhīlah memberikan dorongan kepada manusia untuk menggunakan barang-barang dengan baik dan bermanfaat, serta melarang adanya pemborosan dan pengeluaran terhadap hal-hal yang tidak penting. Sesuatu yang berlebihan itu adalah tanda orang yang mubadżīr (boros) yang mendekatkan kita kepada perbuatan setan. Sesuatu yang dilakukan dengan berlebihan, akan memberikan sebuah dampak yang buruk kepada diri kita nantinya. Sehingga ḥadīs-ḥadīs tentang isrāf dan makhīlah ini mengingatkan kepada kita untuk diperbolehkannya makan, minum, bersedekah dan berpakaian akan tetapi dengan mengontrol atau memberi batasan agar tidak memberikan dampak buruk. Sedangkan makhīlah yang ada dalam diri seseorang, datang karena sifat takabur yang timbul akibat adanya keutamaan yang dilihat dari dirinya. Sehingga ia merasa lebih dari orang lain, dan mendorongnya menjadi sombong. Keterkaitan ḥadīs-ḥadīs tentang isrāf dan makhīlah dengan konteks kekinian tidak jauh berbeda dengan pada masa Nabi. pada zaman Nabi isrāf meliputi: makan dan minum dengan wadah emas dan perak, makan dan minum. Sedangkan di zaman sekarang berlebih-lebihan meliputi: berbelanja, bekerja, ibadah, pesta, berpakaian, makan dan minum, menghormati status sosial. Sedangkan makhīlah pada zaman Nabi dan zaman sekarang tidak ada perbedaan diantara keduanya, yang meliputi: ujub, dengki dan pamer. Isrāf dan makhīlah termasuk perbuatan tercela yang dibenci Allah dan pelakunya oleh Allah dianggap sebagai saudaranya setan. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pacheco Richter, Ernesto T1 - Influências da psicanálise na constituição da Psicologia Política: Reich, Fromm e Adorno [Influences of psychoanalysis on the constitution of Political Psychology: Reich, Fromm and Adorno], Doctoral dissertation, Social Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paul, Brazil 2017, 161 pp., Portuguese. N2 - Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as influências da teoria psicanalítica no processo de constituição da Psicologia Política, como campo de pesquisa. Inicialmente, enfocamos os pensadores franceses Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde e Gustave Le Bon, cujas contribuições acerca das revoluções francesas sãorelevantes ao campo. Em contrapartida, apresentamos os autores anglófonos Graham Wallas e Harold Lasswell, pois suas reflexões aportam distintas perspectivas aos eventos políticos, porém, não menos significativas para a posterior institucionalização da Psicologia Política. Em seguida, os principais textos sociais de Freud, bem como os metapsicológicos, são abordados com o objetivo de analisar os elementos políticos subjacentes na teoria psicanalítica. Finalmente, apresentamos três autores, que no nosso entendimento, são essenciais à história do campo: ilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Theodor Adorno, cujo interesse principal era o estudo do autoritarismo. Por meio de uma análise crítica e reflexiva, buscamos mostrar as contribuições da psicanálise e como ela foi apropriada por esses autores. Esta pesquisa justifica-se por preencher uma lacuna na história da Psicologia Política e mostrar a relevância da psicanálise para o pensamento político, especialmente, durante e logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Além disso, é indubitável a atualidade desses autores, haja vista a crescente adesão ao discurso autoritário que se observa em pleno século XXI. N2 - This work aims to analyze the influences of psychoanalytic theory in the process of constitution of Political Psychology, as research field. Initially, we focus on French authors, such as, Alexis de Tocqueville, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon, whose contributions regarding French revolutions are relevant to the field. On the other hand, we present the Anglophone authors Graham Wallas and Harold Lasswell, as their thoughts bring different perspectives to political events, but no less significant for the later institutionalization of Political Psychology. Afterwards, we analyze Freud’s social texts, as well as the meta-psychological ones, in order to elucidate the political elements underlying psychoanalytic theory. Finally, we present three authors we consider essential to the history of the field: Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm and Theodor Adorno, whose main interest was the study of authoritarianism. Through a critical and reflexive analysis, we show the contributions of psychoanalysis and how it was appropriated by these authors. This research is justified by filling a gap in the history of Political Psychology, and showing the relevance that psychoanalysis has had for political thought, especially during and shortly after World War II. Furthermore, the contributions of these authors are undoubtedly present, given the growing adherence to the authoritarian discourse observed in the 21st century. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Respati, Robertus Theo Elno T1 - Konsep being dalam >To Have Or To Be< Erich Fromm Concept of Being in >To Have Or To Be< Erich Fromm, Thesis (Undergraduate), Theology, Faculty of Philosophy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia 2017. repository.ukwms.ac.id/id/eprint/11002/1/ABSTRAK.pdf] - Only summary available. N2 - Penulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan penulis untuk merefleksikan situasi zaman dewasa ini. Penulis melihat bahwa situasi zaman dewasa ini semakin didominasi oleh keinginan untuk memiliki lebih. Keinginan ini sangat tidak masuk akal karena orang didorong untuk memiliki sesuatu yang sebenarnya bukan menjadi kebutuhannya. Bahkan, manusia modern cenderung mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan sesuatu yang mereka miliki. Tujuan hidup manusia direduksi hanya pada kenikmatan materi yang tiada habisnya. Pengaruh kapitalisme modern yang merasuk ke dalam semua aspek kehidupan manusia menjadi penyebab terjadinya situasi ini. Kehadiran kapitalisme mengubah orientasi manusia pada materi, apalagi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Manusia seolah bebas menentukan pilihan-pilihan dalam hidupnya. Namun, sebenarnya pilihan-pilihan tersebut telah ditentukan oleh sistem yang berlaku. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan manusia teralienasi dari kehidupannya. Konsumsi dan alienasi menjadi karakter yang utama di abad modern ini. Salah satu filsuf yang mengkritik situasi zaman ini ialah Erich Fromm. Ia mengajukan gagasannya tentang konsep being yang dibahas dalam >To Have or To Be< (1976). Rumusan masalah yang ingin dijawab dalam karya tulis ini ialah apa itu konsep being dalam >To Have or To Be< Erich Fromm. Pertanyaan ini dapat dijawab dengan menganalisa pemikiran Erich Fromm secara kritis dan sistematis. Dengan menjawab pertanyaan ini, penulis berharap agar skripsi ini dapat memberikan kritik sekaligus sumbangsih bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam karya tulis ini ialah studi pustaka dengan sumber utama dari buku >To Have or To Be< (1976) karya Erich Fromm. Dari hasil studi pustaka, penulis menemukan bahwa konsep being yang diajukan oleh Erich Fromm berkaitan dengan dua modus eksistensi manusia yaitu being dan having. Keduanya menentukan karakter sosial dan karakter individu manusia. Orientasi hidup manusia juga berakar dari kedua modus eksistensi tersebut. Manusia dapat menentukan pilihan untuk menjadi semakin being atau semakin having. Erich Fromm mendefiniskan being sebagai sebuah proses, aktivitas, dan gerak. Definisi ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan bukan sesuatu yang berhenti, tetapi terus berproses. Erich Fromm mengartikan being dalam dua pengertian. Pertama, being sebagai eksistensi yang berbeda dengan having. Being mencakup keseluruhan realitas manusia, sedangkan having hanya merujuk pada benda. Kedua, being sebagai melampaui sesuatu yang nampak. Artinya, manusia dapat menyembunyikan diri di balik penampilan fisik dan perilakunya. Dengan demikian, being lebih rumit dan kompleks dibandingkan dengan having karena ia bukan sesuatu yang nampak seperti benda. Selanjutnya, Erich Fromm menunjukkan sifat utama being yaitu aktif. Keaktifan diartikan bukan sebagai aktivitas fisik, tetapi aktivitas batin. Syarat being adalah mandiri, bebas, dan kritis. Dalam hal ini diperlukan penggunaan akal budi untuk dapat memahami realitas manusia secara lebih mendalam. Selain itu, relasi dengan sesama juga membantu mengungkapkan realitas hidup yang sebenarnya. Erich Fromm juga menunjukkan aspek dari being yaitu kemauan untuk memberi, berbagi, dan berkurban. Aspek being ini lebih banyak ditemukan dalam situasi perang dibandingkan situasi damai. Pemikiran Erich Fromm ini bermuara pada terwujudnya sebuah masyarakat baru yang disebut dengan masyarakat being. Dari masyarakat being inilah akan muncul manusia-manusia baru yang mendasarkan hidupnya pada being. Manusia baru ini tidak menggantungkan hidupnya pada benda, tetapi pada dirinya sendiri. Setiap tindakan yang dilakukan berangkat dari dalam dirinya, bukan dari luar dirinya. Masyarakat being mengarahkan manusia untuk dapat mencapai kebahagiaan sejati. Erich Fromm mengartikan kebahagiaan sejati sebagai sebuah proses bertumbuh dalam kehidupan ini. Penulis menemukan tiga relevansi dari konsep being Erich Fromm bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Pertama, modus eksistensi being menjadi jawaban atas situasi masyarakat yang cenderung didominasi oleh modus eksistensi having. Kedua, relasi menjadi syarat penting dalam memahami sebuah realitas khususnya dalam memilih pemimpin. Ketiga, pilihan atas modus eksistensi being membawa manusia kepada kebahagiaan sejati. Konsep being juga sangat relevan dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani. Hal ini dapat ditemukan dalam kutipan-kutipan kitab suci yang menekankan pentingnya menggantungkan diri bukan pada materi. N2 - The background of this paper is motivated by the desire of the author to reflect on the situation of today. The author sees that the situation of the present age is increasingly dominated by the desire to have more. This desire is very unreasonable because people are encouraged to have something that is not really his needs. In fact, modern humans tend to identify themselves with something they have. The purpose of human life is reduced only to the endless pleasures of matter. The influence of modern capitalism that permeates all aspects of human life is responsible for this situation. The presence of capitalism alters the human orientation of matter, especially with the increasingly sophisticated technological development. Humans apparently seem to be free to make choices in life. But in fact these choices have been determined by the prevailing system. This is what causes humans to be alienated from life. Consumption and alienation became the main characteristics in this modern age. One of the philosophers who criticize the present-day situation is Erich Fromm. He proposed his idea of the concept of being discussed in >To Have or To Be< (1976). The formulation of the problem to be answered in this paper is what is the concept of being in >To Have or To Be< Erich Fromm. This question can be answered by analyzing Erich Fromm's thinking critically and systematically. By answering this question, the author hopes that this thesis can provide criticism as well as contribution to society today. The method used in this paper is literature study with the main source of Erich Fromm's >To Have or To Be< (1976) book. From the results of literature study, the authors found that the concept of being proposed by Erich Fromm relates to two modes of human existence of being and having. Both determine the social character and individual human character. The orientation of human life also stems from both modes of existence. Humans can make choices between more and more being or more and more having. Erich Fromm defines being as a process, activity, and movement. This definition shows that life is not something unchangeable, but continues to proceed. Erich Fromm defines being in two senses. First, being as a different existence fromm having. Being encompasses the whole human reality, while having only refers to things. Second, being as beyond what is apparent. That is, humans can hide behind their physical appearance and behavior. Thus, being is more complex and difficult than having because it refers to thing. Furthermore, Erich Fromm shows the main nature of being active. Activity is defined not as a physical activity, but an inner activity. The requirement of being is independence, freedom, and the presence of critical reason. In this case it is necessary to use reason to be able to understand the reality of man more deeply. In addition, relationships with others also help reveal the realities of life. Erich Fromm also shows the aspect of being: the will to give, to share, and to sacrifice. This aspect is more prevalent in war situations than in a peaceful situation. Erich Fromm's thinking leads to the realization of a new society called the society of being. From this being society, it will emerge new man beings who base their live on being. This new man does not depend his life on things, but on himself. Every action taken departs from within himself, not from outside himself. Society is leading people to achieve true happiness. Erich Fromm refers to true happiness as a proses of ever-growing aliveness. The author discovers three relevances of the Erich Fromm’s concept of being for society today. First, the mode of existence becomes the answer to a society’s situation which tends to be dominated by the existence of having mode. Second, relationships become important conditions in understanding a particular reality in choosing a leader. Third, the choice of the existence of being mode brings human to true happiness. The concept of being is also highly relevant to Christian values. This can be found in scriptural quotations that emphasize the importance of being self-reliance instead of relying on matter. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dwi Junianto, Haris T1 - Humanistic Perspective Of Andrea’s Persoanlites As Reflected In Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name<, Master's thesis (in partial fulfillment of the requirements), English Letters, English Letters Department, Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty, State Islamic Institute of Surakarta, Java, Indonesia 2017, 73+13 pp., English. [core.ac.uk/download/296470823.pdf] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - This research is an analysis about Andrea’s personalities that is performed by the main character Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The humanistic perspective will use to reveal Andrea’s personalities. The objectives of the research are to describe Andrea’s personalities based on humanistic perspective of Erich Fromm. This research employs descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are divided into primary and secondary data. The primary data are taken from >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< by Christina Reid. The secondary data are other references that relate to the research such as humanistic perspective and other information about Reid’s >My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?< The type of the data in this research is words, phrases, clauses, and sentences which is has correlation with personalities. In this research, the researcher uses triangulation method to get the data validation. Triangulation method is taken by using some perspective theory. It means that the researcher puts several theories from different author but basically those theories have the similar content. The findings of research show Andrea’s personalities is the major of this research. The conflicts between Andrea and her grandfather show her personalities. Based on humanistic perspective, mechanism of escape, positive freedom, human existential needs and social character types, Andrea’s personalities reveals. Y1 - 2017 ER -