TY - GEN A1 - Duan, Jingjing T1 - A Comparative Study of Fromm’s and Baudrillard’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆与鲍德里亚异化理论的比较研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2017. N2 - 异化问题是现代社会发展进程中不可忽视的。西方资本主义国家经济的快速发展,社会财富的增加,人们的物质生存条件得到提高,但在精神方面陷入了异化的困境。现代社会错综复杂,异化现象被隐藏的很深使人们难以辨别。社会的新变化带来的是更深层的异化。我国作为发展中国家,同样存在着异化问题,并且在今后的发展中也同样会遭到西方国家的这种情况,所以,为了我国能够在进行中国特色社会主义建设时,少走发达国家的弯路,对异化进行全面、深层的探讨还是很有必要的。近现代异化领域中影响力较大的有弗洛姆和鲍德里亚的异化理论,对两者异化理论的比较可以为研究异化提供新的视角,丰富并发展马克思的异化思想,拓宽人们分析问题的思维。文章主要由四部分组成:第一部分先叙述了异化在西方历史上的演变,让人们能够清楚地了解异化的发展,为文章主题部分奠定基础。此外,还分别对形成弗洛姆和鲍德里亚的异化理论的背景作了概述,以便能够更好地理解两人的异化思想。第二部分主要是论述了两者异化理论的共同点,马克思的异化理论是两者异化理论的共同来源,导致异化的物质前提是相同的,异化给人带来的伤害也是一样的。第三部分先分析了两者异化理论的差异,并对其差异作了原因分析,两者异化理论的差异分别从剖析异化的视角、人的主观能动性及在各领域的表现方式这三方面进行分析的,并且也剖析了产生差异的原因。第四部分主要是评析了弗洛姆与鲍德里亚异化理论的比较研究所带来的理论意义和现实价值。 N2 - Alienation problem cannot be ignored in the process of modern society. The rapid development of economy of the western capitalist countries, the increase of social wealth, These makes people’s material living conditions improved, but people got trapped in the alienation’s dilemma in the aspect of spirit. The complicated modern society has alienation phenomenon be hidden deeply, it makes people invisible. The new changes of the society have the alienation deep. as a developing country, our country exists the alienation problem also, and in the future development we will also meet this kind of situation of western countries, therefore. Our country goes less detours of developed countries in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a comprehensive and deep discussion about alienation is necessary. Especially Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory has the great influence in the field of modern alienation, comparing the their alienation theory can provide a new Angle for the study of alienation, enriching and developing the research of Marx’s alienation. Widen the people thinking to analyze the problem. The paper mainly has four parts: the first part described the evolution of alienation in western history, let people can clearly understand the development of alienation, lay the ground for the article subject parts. In addition, respectively described Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory of the background, to better understand Their alienation theory. The second part mainly discusses their alienation theory’s common point, Their theory is based on the Marx’s theory of alienation, leading to alienation of material premise is the same, the alienation brings the same damage to the person. The third part analyzes the difference of alienation theory and makes the differences’ cause analyze, their theory of alienation differences have three aspects: the Angle of anatomy of alienation, people’s subjective initiative and in all areas of expression and analyze the causes of differences. The fourth part : the comparative study of Fromm and Baudrillard’s alienation theory has theoretical significance and brings real value. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cai, Jing T1 - Productive Teacher-student Relation and Its Construction [论生产性师生关系及其建构], Principles of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 教师和学生是教育教学实践中最主要的矛盾主体,构成学校最主要的人际关系,因此,师生关系一直是教育学界长盛不衰、历久弥新的话题。然而,师生关系的平稳、健康发展,需要多方面因素的支撑。随着经济社会的飞速进步,人们的生活充满了各种激烈的竞争与压力,充斥功名利禄、物欲横流的社会导致人对物质出现了前所未有的强烈欲求,甚至逐渐转嫁到了对人的占有。人们的生活丧失原有的温情,变得麻木和死板,人的生命价值无法具体临现,人与人的交往变成了 >物物交往<。盛行的>占有<风气渗透当下的教育,使得师生关系变得占有化、利益化、冷漠化。在教育教学活动中,一些教师为了提高工作效率,快速培养>高分<学生,争取更多的利益,一味地对学生实行>满堂灌<式的教育方式,完全忽略了学生作为人的存在。学生在毫无生气的教育中只学会了为了争取高分>掠夺<知识而非领会知识,认为学习不过是一种占有成功的工具。长此以往,师生关系情感淡漠,教师的职业动力不足,学生的创造力和自我实现力下降甚至丧失,不利于师生的个体发展,教育事业难以为继。在占有式师生关系里,教师与学生的发展是停滞,甚至是萎缩的,人们开始渴望建立能够让师生在教育关系中重塑鲜活个体,实现共生发展的交往模式,一种>共生型<、>生产性<理念悄然进入教育视野,构建新型的师生关系成为亟需迫切解决的课题。生产性师生关系是本文建构的理想师生关系。弗洛姆认为>生产性<是人运用自己的力量对自己的潜能的实现的特性。在他看来,具有生产性人格的人不仅具有较强的能动性,还能不断实现自身的潜能与创造力,使人的自我发展更加完善。生产性的爱则是对对方潜能的一种认可,即不断地对对方进行给予、尊重、认识、关心,当然也包含着责任。通过这些爱的表达促进人与人之间情感的亲密性,也促进自我与他人的发展。教师如果一味地以不合理的权威占有学生,对学生进行知识灌输,那么他的教学工作则会变得苍白无力,他所投放的知识的>石子<无法激起学生好奇心的>漪涟<,也就自然使他们的学习生活变得毫无生气,失去应有的创新思维。生产性的师生关系就在于要求教师对学生施以生产性的师爱,让教师和学生在生产性的师生关系中,使学生的潜能在教师的激励下得到实现,在教师的呵护中更懂得关爱他人,同时也让教师提高自我职业价值认同,这是关怀师生双方人性解放和发展的过程。总的来说生产性师生关系具有交融性、关怀性、精神性和共生性,这样的师生关系使单向的、死板的占有式师生关系变成双向流动的动态师生关系,在师生和谐相处,共同发展中关照教师与学生的生命价值。为了构建生产性师生关系,本文试图提出了可行性构建策略,包括培养教师的>生产性<理念,提高教师专业素质,增强教师关心、组织、管理能力;创建生产性校园文化环境;从教育目标、课程设置以及评价标准的改革构建生产性师生关系的制度条件;等途径进行入手,以期能为学校教育构建新型师生关系带来启示。 N2 - The main contradiction in teaching practice comes from teachers and students, who constitute the main relationship in schools and embody the value of teaching activities. Therefore, the teacher-student relationship is a long-lasting topic in education. However, developing good teacher-student relationship needs the support of many aspects. With the rapid development of economy and society, people are faced up with various fierce competition and pressure in life, gradually resulting in people the relationship of possessing and being possessed. People regard >possessing others< as condition for success, which is especially true among the young for utilitarian reasons. Consequently, people lost the warmth of life and life becomes full of materialistic numbness and rigidity, the value of human life cannot be found, human nature is lost and the contemporary teacher-student relationship is even distorted. The traditional binary opposition of the subject and the object, combined with the transformation of the society places teachers in the dominant position of teaching, >ruling< students with knowledge. In teaching, some teachers seek maximum interests even at the expense of education efforts, doggedly cramming students with knowledge without thinking of change. In a lifeless education, students only learn to >rob< knowledge for a higher grade instead of understanding knowledge, thinking learning nothing but a tool for gaining success. With this going on, the relationship between teachers and students becomes cold. Teachers lack teaching motivation and students’ creativity and self-fulfillment decrease or even disappear. This does harm to the development of teachers and students, making it difficult for education to continue. In this background, the construction of a new teacher-student relationship has become the most urgent task. This paper focuses on the new productive teacher-student relationship. Fromm believes that >productive< refers to the personality that people realize their potential with their own power. In Fromm’s view, the productive personality is one that enables people go upward, and people are full of love and care. People with productive personality can not only have a strong initiative, but also can realize their own potential and creativity continuously to perfect them selves. Productive love is the expression of others’ potential, constantly instilling in others respect, understanding, care and responsibility. The expression of this love not only fosters intimate emotion between people, but also contributes to better them. If teachers blindly control students with authority and cram students with knowledge, their teaching will become lifeless. This cannot stimulate students’ curiosity and interest but make their learning life dull without vigor and rob them of innovative thinking, making them unable to realize their potential. On the one hand, the productive teacher-student relationship require teachers to give students productive love, which enables students to realize their potential in this kind of relationship and learn to care for others under teachers’ mature love; on the other hand, this helps teachers to identify with their teaching value. This is a process that concerns the liberation of human nature for both teachers and students. On the whole, the productive teacher-student relationship is interactive, caring, spiritual and developing, which turns the one-directional rigid possessive teacher-student relationship into a bi-directional dynamic one, echoing the life value of teachers and students. In order to build a productive relationship between teachers and students, this paper sets out to put forward the strategy of feasibility construction, including the principle of being open to others, learning to give and loving each other; cultivating teachers’ pro¬ductive awareness, improving productive quality, enhancing productive management ability; constructing the system condition from the reform of educational objectives, curriculum set-up and assessment stan¬dards and creating a productive campus culture, so as to light upon some idea for the construction of a new teacher-student relationship. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fang, Yanfang T1 - The Analysis of Isabel’s Pursuit of Freedom in >The Portrait of a Lady< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory [从弗洛姆自由观视角解读《一位女士的画像》女主人公自由之路], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2017 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - 本文旨在用艾瑞克•弗洛姆的自由观来分析《一位女士的画像》女主人公伊莎贝尔的追求自由之路。正如弗洛姆所阐述,很多人对于自由的本质存在误解。经济独立与政治独立并不意味着真正自由,因为清除外界障碍所能带给我们的仅仅是消极自由。而自由的终极形式是积极自由,只有当我们作为完整主体自发自在地生活,并保持与世界的密切联系时,才能获得真正的自由。本文第一章是对伊莎贝尔错误自由观的阐述。女主人公受过良好教育却不谙世事,起初她认为婚姻势必阻断她的独立之路,而亲密关系则不利于个体性的保存。本章将说明她在经验缺乏的情况下如何做出了错误的选择。第二章分析了伊莎贝尔逃避自由的行为。由于追求消极自由,她自由生活的愿望落空,并陷入充满阴谋的无爱婚姻,而婚姻的不幸加剧了她的孤独,让她逐渐适应消极现实。第三章论述的是在遭受丈夫奥斯蒙德和友人梅尔夫人联合背叛之后,伊莎贝尔如何重塑自由观。挫折并未让她一蹶不振,而是教会她承担起属于自己的责任,正视自己的命运并满怀信心重建自由王国。她历经艰辛险阻后仍充满勇气的举动,证明她开始追求积极自由。这种自由超越了社会价值与传统观念,并给予人追寻从心而不逾矩、自发自在的生活的信心。伊莎贝尔的自由之路折射出个人在自我实现道路上的苦痛成长,但她追求自由和寻找自我的不折不挠精神仍然意义非凡。 N2 - [This thesis intends to analyze Isabel’s pursuit of freedom in The Portrait of a Lady from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory. As is elaborated by Fromm, many of us misunderstand the essence of freedom. The status of being free in economical and political sense doesn’t mean we are free, because removing external impediments can only bring us negative freedom. The ultimate form of freedom is positive freedom where we can live spontaneously as a complete individual closely connected to this world.– In the first chapter, I will explicate Isabel’s fallacious concept of individual freedom as a well-educated but inexperienced girl, who at first dismisses marriage as something that can stymie her pursuit of independence and evades intimacy with others to preserve her individuality. How her inexperience has led to her wrong choices will be also scrutinized.– In the second chapter, Isabel’s behaviors of escaping from freedom will be closely elaborated. Her pursuit of negative freedom has smashed her hope of living as a free soul, leading her into a loveless marriage of plots. The absence of marital felicity aggravates her situation of loneliness and she gradually adapts to the depressive reality.– The third chapter elucidates how Isabel’s understanding of freedom undergoes substantial changes after she is informed of the dual betrayal of her husband and her confidante Madame Merle. Instead of wallowing in despondency, she takes her responsibility and affronts her destiny with the faith of creating her new kingdom of freedom. Her courageous attempts attest to her pursuit of positive freedom after all the suffering and adversity. This freedom transcends the social values and conventional standards, and instills in an individual the confidence of following one’s heart and act spontaneously but not arbitrarily. Isabel’s journey of freedom illustrates how an individual experiences the painful growth and finally attains self-realization as a free soul, but her indomitable will of pursuing freedom and finding self is of great significance.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feng, Zheng T1 - An Analysis of the Formation Factors of the Pedagogy Theory of the Oppressed [被压迫者教育学理论的形成因素分析], Master thesis, Comparative Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2017. N2 - 保罗•雷古勒斯•内维斯•弗莱雷(Paulo Regulus Neves Freire),简称保罗•弗莱雷(Paulo Freire),是批判教育和大众教育领域的标志性人物。后人对他的赞誉不胜枚举,如>20世纪的卢梭<、>当代的约翰•杜威<、>日内瓦的救世主<等等。笔者在7年的教育学学科的学习过程中,对保罗•弗莱雷的探究兴趣始终不减。进入比较教育学的领域后,笔者对发展中国家在该领域话语权地位的缺失深以为然。研究保罗•弗莱雷—一位来自发展中国家,在国际世界享有崇高声誉使笔者对该现状的一种反向反思。根据《被压迫者教育学》以及保罗•弗莱雷的一些其他著作,人们将他的理论称为解放教育学或被压迫者教育学理论。通过各种渠道,笔者发现对保罗•弗莱雷的研究多集中于对该理论内容的解读,但对该理论形成背景的详细论述相对较少。研究被压迫者教育学理论的形成因素可以帮助笔者在一定程度上解决发展中国家话语权地位低的疑问。通过对资料的整理及加工,笔者将众多因素归为三大类——家庭因素、社会及时代背景因素、理论源泉。第一章,分析保罗•弗莱雷成长的家庭背景,并要特别指出他的父亲给他带来的影响。该部分透过细节如保罗•弗莱雷父亲对他幼年教育方法的选择,和对他选择宗教时的态度的反应,说明父亲的做法对他日后>对话<和>扫盲教育<概念的提出的影响。同时,出于剔除母亲因素和避免自上而下的惯性思路,笔者将保罗•弗莱雷和卢梭(Rousseau)作了简要的对比,通过对比进一步说明幼年时期父亲教育对保罗•弗莱雷的影响。第二章,分析被压迫者教育学理论形成的社会及时代背景。该部分是本文的重点。该章主要分为两个部分,分别是巴西国内的社会背景和拉美地区的时代背景。对巴西国内社会背景的研究重点放在教育领域,通过分析严峻的教育背景引出保罗•弗莱雷的扫盲教育或成人教育,继而说明扫盲给被压迫者教育学理论带来了什么。拉美地区的时代背景主要包括古巴革命的影响、民众主义的传播和美国进步联盟计划对拉美地区的改变,两大时代背景是被压迫者教育学理论形成的重要因素,文化行动理论直接作用于该时代背景。第三章,分析被压迫者教育学理论的理论来源,即被压迫者教育学理论借鉴了哪些理论的精华。由于该理论涉及到的人物众多,出于创新性及水平的考虑,笔者将目光聚焦于以下三位:心理学家弗洛姆、社会学家马尔库塞以及哲学家黑格尔。本论文在研究>形成因素<时没有按照传统的政治、经济、文化等思路,而是按照时间的顺序进行排列。三部分分别对应保罗•弗莱雷成长的20世纪30年代、50年代和60年代。 N2 - Paulo Regulus Neves Freire (Paulo Regulus Neves Freire) referred to as Paulo Freire, is critical of education and public education in the field of iconic figures. Descendants of his praise too numerous, such as >the 20th century Rousseau<, >contemporary John Dewey<, >the savior of Geneva< and so on. In the course of the seven-year pedagogy study, the author’s interest in Paulo Freire has never diminished. […] Studying Paulo Freire-one from developing countries, enjoys a high reputation in the international world is a reverse reflection of the present situation. According to the >educated pedagogy< and some other works by Paulo Freire, people put his theory into the theory of liberation education or the theory of the oppressed education. Through various channels, the author found that the study of Paulo Freire more focused on the interpretation of the theoretical content, but the theory of the background of the detailed discussion is relatively small. The study of the oppressive theory of the formation of educational theory can help the author to a certain extent, solve the low status of developing countries, the right to speak. Through the finishing and processing of data, the author will be many factors attributed to three categories-family factors, social and temporal background factors, the theoretical source. In the first chapter, restore the family background of Paulo Freire’s growth, especially the influence of his father’s influence. This part, by details, such as the choice of Father Paulo Freire’s choice of his juvenile education method and his attitude towards the choice of religion, initially states that his father’s approach to his future >dialogue< and >literacy education< The author made a brief comparison of Paulo Freire and Rousseau, by contrast to further explain the childhood education of his father to Paulo Freire The impact of mine.– In the second chapter, the author mainly analyzes the social background and the background of the theory of the oppressed. This chapter is divided into three parts, namely, the background of the northeast of Brazil, the social background of Brazil and the background of Latin America. The social background and the background of the times are the key points. The social background of Brazil is concentrated in the field of education, through the analysis of the severe educational background leads to Freire’s literacy education or adult education. Latin American background includes the impact of the Cuban revolution, the spread of populism in Latin America and the Federation of American progress plan changes, three back¬ground is an important factor in the formation of the theory of cultural oppression, action theory is directly on the background.– The third chapter analyzes the theoretical sources of the theory of the oppressed education. That is, the oppressor’s pedagogy theory draws on the essence of what theories. As the theory involves a large num¬ber of people, for innovation and level of consideration, I will focus on the following three: psychologist Fromm, sociologist Marcuse and philosopher Hegel.– In this paper, the formation of factors in the study of the traditional political, economic, cultural and other ideas, but in accordance with the order of time to arrange. Three parts corresponding to Paulo Freire grew up in the thirties, the fifties and sixties. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cen, Yanmei T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Alienation of Human Nature and Its Practical Enlightenment [弗洛姆人性异化理论及其现实启示], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China 2017. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)是美籍德裔杰出的人本主义精神分析学家、社会学家和哲学家,是西方马克思主义流派中的典型的弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,还是法兰克福学派中的骨干之一等。他一生致力于探索人在社会中的生存规律,人性异化理论即是他的核心理论。近年来,随着我国科技的进步和经济的发展,人们沉浸在快节奏的生活中,虽然生活物质丰裕却缺乏对生活意义的思考,甚至对自身的本质和重要性也缺乏准确的认知。为了给人们更好地思考人的问题提供理论依据和启示,促进人们对生活意义以及自身价值的反思,本文以弗洛姆人性异化理论为逻辑起点,展开探讨该理论的理论渊源和理论内容,重点探析该理论合理性和意义、理论困境及其对现实的启示。首先,探析弗洛姆人性异化理论产生的渊源。弗洛姆以人的生存状态作为理论研究的切入点,一方面是源于其独特的家庭环境和动荡不安的时代背景的影响,另一方面是受到犹太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以及马克思关于劳动异化的理论的启示。其次,爬梳弗洛姆庞杂的人性异化理论框架。弗洛姆认为人是在历史中生成的、具有自我意识的、现实中的社会存在物,人性就是人生存所固有的矛盾。异化自古就有、无处不在,覆盖了生产领域、消费领域、人际关系领域以及无意识领域等,要实现健全的人格和社会就必须进行全面的改革,包括政治、经济、文化等方面。然后,评析弗洛姆人性异化理论的合理性和意义、理论困境。弗洛姆探索人性异化理论所采用的科学的方法论——理论联系实际和总体性原则——使其理论具有较强的时代性和现实性,有助于我们正确认识我国当前的异化现象。但同时,由于历史的局限性,弗洛姆本人对马克思思想的解读存在片面性。他将马克思主义哲学看成纯粹的理论抗议,不仅认为马克思的异化论具有总体性,还将异化当成马克思主义哲学的中心概念。此外,弗洛姆因为否定够暴力革命、放弃无产阶级专政、忽视生产资料公有制而使其救赎方案具有空想性。最后,挖掘弗洛姆人性异化理论的现实启示。一方面,弗洛姆的人性异化理论启示我们务必要坚守社会主义的性质,亦即坚持无产阶级专政和公有制的主体地位。另一方面要坚持构建社会主义和谐社会,亦即加强社会信仰体系构建,防止人性异化;深化以人为本的科学发展观,走可持续发展道路。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980), a German American and outstanding humanistic psychoanalyst, sociologist and philosopher, was not only a typical Freudian Marxist in School of Western Marxism, but also one of the representatives of the Frankfurt school. He devoted his whole life to the exploration of man in society. The theory of alienation of human nature was his core theory. In recent years, with the progress of Chinese science and technology and the development of economy, people immerse themselves in the fast-paced life. In order to provide a theoretical basis and inspiration to people to think better about human, promote people to reflect on the meaning of life and their own value, Fromm’s theory of human alienation will be analyzed in this thesis. Taking the theory as logical starting point, the theoretical origin and theoretical content will be explored in detail. This thesis will focus on the exploration of the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical limitation and its practical enlightenment. Firstly, the exploration will focus on the origin of Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature. The reason why Fromm took the living condition of human being as a starting point on his research, on the one hand, is that the influence of his unique family environment and turbulent background, on the other hand, is that the enlightenment of Jewish Messianism, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory as well as Marx’s theory of labor alienation.– Secondly, the theoretical framework of Fromm’s complex theory will be clarified. Fromm believed that human being is a social existence in reality, being created in history and having self-consciousness. Human nature is the inherent contradiction of life. Alienation exists from ancient times and everywhere, covering the fields of production, consumption, interpersonal relationships the unconscious, and so on. Thus, in order to realize a sane society and personality, a comprehensive reform, which includes political, economic and cultural aspect, should be carried out.– Thirdly, the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical limitation and its practical enlighten-ment will be analyzed in this thesis. The methods of combining theory with practice and the general principle Fromm adopt during researching the alienation of human nature make his theory have stronger times and reality, helping us to correctly understand the current phenomenon of alienation in china. But at the same time, due to the limitations of history, Fromm’s understanding of Marx’s thoughts was incomprehensive, regarding Marx’s philosophy as a pure theoretical protest, considering the alienation theory of Marx as totality, taking alienation as the central concept of the philosophy of Marxism. In addition, Fromm’s design was Utopian because he denied violent revolution, abandoned the dictatorship of the proletariat and neglected the public ownership of the means of production.– Finally, the practical enlightenment of Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature will be explored. On the one hand, Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature enlightens us to adhere to the nature of socialism, that is to say, to uphold the proletarian dictatorship and the dominant position of the public ownership. On the other hand, on the other hand, we must adhere to the construction of a socialist harmonious society, that is, to strengthen the construction of social belief system and prevent the alienation of human nature; to deepen the people-oriented scientific outlook on development and take the road of sustainable development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Sikai T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Thought of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆是20世纪二十年代法兰克福学派的重要成员,其突出的理论贡献在于他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义哲学理论,创造性的提出了>逃避自由<思想。在关注到现代人生存境遇时,他揭示了资本主义社会结构的不健全之处,以现代人的性格结构为出发点,对现代人普遍存在的>逃避自由<的现象做出了深刻分析,他借鉴弗洛伊德创立的精神分析方法,挖掘出现代人逃避自由的真正心理根源。弗洛姆的>逃避自由<的思想不仅能帮助寻求一种解决生存困境的途径,而且对积极自由之路的探寻和对理性信仰的构建以及对健全社会的设想都具有巨大的启示意义。本文基于前人研究的成果,在弗洛姆学术思想体系背景下,梳理了弗洛姆逃避自由思想的主要内容以及其论证进路,企图从弗洛姆对理想人格、理性信仰和健全社会的阐述中,挖掘解决个人自由却孤独的生存困境的启示。本文分为三个部分,第一部分阐释了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想产生的社会背景和理论渊源;第二部分主要是勾勒弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想的主要内容和弗洛姆论证现代人为何逃避自由的线索;第三部分分析了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想在揭示现代人生存困境、描绘理想性格、阐述理性信仰以及构建健全社会的启示,最后对这一思想理论的不足和存在的缺陷做一个简要的评析. N2 - Erich Fromm was an important member of the Frankfurt School in the 1920s. His outstanding theoretical contribution is that he combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist philosophical theory and creatively put forward the idea of >escape from freedom< When he was concerned about the living situation of modern people, he revealed the imperfection of the capitalist social structure and made a profound analysis of the common phenomenon of >escape from freedom< by taking the character structure of modern people as the starting point. Fromm's idea of >escape from freedom< not only helps to find a way to solve the dilemma of existence, but also has great inspiration for the search of the path of positive freedom, the construction of rational beliefs and the conception of a sound society. Based on the results of previous researches, this paper, against the backdrop of Fromm's academic system of thought, examines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and the way forward in his argumentation, and attempts to find insights for solving the dilemma of individual freedom but loneliness in Fromm's exposition of the ideal personality, rational faith and sound society. The first part explains the social background and the theoretical origin of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom; the second part outlines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and Fromm's arguments for why modern man escapes from freedom. The third part analyzes the revelation of Fromm's idea of >escaping from freedom< in revealing the dilemma of modern human existence, depicting ideal character, expounding rational beliefs and building a sound society, and finally makes a brief analysis of the inadequacies and defects of this idea and theory. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - The Dialectical Relationship between Happiness and Morality from the Perspective of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [论幸福与道德的辩证关系 - 以弗洛姆《爱的艺术》为视角], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 古希腊时期开始,幸福与道德的关系问题就一直受到哲学家们所关注,时至今日,随着消费主义的横行以及随之而来的全社会的幸福危机和道德危机的侵袭,幸福与道德的关系问题历久弥新,值得一再探讨。作为对当代幸福危机与道德危机的正面回应,我们首先必须正确认识幸福与道德的内涵及其关系。幸福不是作为纯粹感官愉悦的快乐,也不是完全个体的心灵愉悦的满足,幸福是作为使得人与人相紧密联系的现实的、实践的幸福而存在。道德同样不是空洞的道德口号和完全他律的道德规则,道德有其社会性,道德来源于社会,道德的健全依赖于社会的健全,不健全的社会下必然是不健全的人,而不健全的人必然是不健全的道德的怀揣者。幸福和道德有其内在的统一机制:即在社会中,在社会性的实现过程中,实现两者的统一。任何以二分的方式对幸福与道德进行断裂式的划分都是错误的,甚至是别有用心的。企图通过将幸福装饰成为可以通过消遣、消费而直接获得的感官与物质需求的满足,更是不道德的表现。所以打破幸福与道德两者的悖论关系不仅在理论上是必要的,在应对和改变社会现状方面更是尤为重要。弗洛姆《爱的艺术》这本书正是对试图打破幸福与道德相悖的现状所做的努力,试图通过爱的途径实现两者的内在统一性。弗洛姆笔下的>爱<不是软弱无力的个体之爱,弗洛姆的>爱<是苍劲有力、具有建设性的>爱<,是社会个体你我相连的现实之爱、实践之爱。用爱的理论贯通幸福与道德的联系,用爱的实践构建幸福的社会、道德的社会、爱的社会,不仅在理论上是可行的,在实践中更是具有至关重要的作用。 N2 - In ancient Greece, the relationship between happiness and morality has been increasingly a major concern. With the life being occupied by consumerism and the ethical crisis, the relationship of happiness and morality become a timeless legal issue, which has been added to more brand-new significations. As a positive response to contemporary moral crisis and crisis of happiness, we must correctly understand the connotation and relationship between happiness and morality firstly. Happiness is not the pleasure of pure sensual, nor the satisfaction of a purely spiritual pleasure of the individual, happiness is the existence of the reality, the practice of happiness, which is closely linked with people. Moral rule is not an empty slogan and the same moral heteronomy completely. Morality has its social, moral form the social, moral sound depends on social sound. Unsound society is not necessarily perfect, not perfect people is not necessarily a sound moral with them. There is an inherent unity between happiness and morality, which is to get the unity in society. It is immoral to try to decorate the happiness as the satisfaction of the senses and the material needs that can be obtained directly through recreation and consumption. Therefore, it is not only necessary to break the paradox between happiness and morality, but also to deal with and change the social situation. Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< is an attempt to break the status quo of happiness and morality in an attempt to achieve the inner unity of them. Fromm’s >love< is not a week and feeble individual love, it is vigorous and constructive, the love of practice which connected with reality. Using the theoretical love to link happiness and morality. Using the practical love to achieve the inner relationship. It is not only feasible in theory, but also plays an important role in practice. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Song, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Construction of Ethical Relationship of Love – The Word >love<, the Disease of the Society [弗洛姆>爱<的伦理关系建构 - 正>爱<之名,疗社会之疾], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 2017. N2 - 上世纪80年代后期,我国学术界掀起一股研究弗洛姆的热潮,这股热潮出现的原因显而易见。弗洛姆在其著作中,把握住了近代资本主义社会及近代人的生存状况的脉搏,指出当时社会的问题是物质(丰裕)精神(贫乏)失衡、道德滑坡、迷失自我、生活无意义。某种程度上,弗洛姆切中了问题要害。然而紧接着,研究弗洛姆的热潮开始降温。历史巨变总夹杂倒退及前进过程分娩的剧痛,不能因理论一时的冷却而否定它的价值。事实上,弗洛姆的思想仍然对解决当代中国社会的问题有诸多启发。弗洛姆对人的生存境况作出历史和现实的反思,认为人性根植于人的生存两歧,在此基础上衍生出人的独特需要,基于这样的人性观,弗洛姆在作品中概述了>爱<的不同类型。拙作意在根据弗洛姆关于>爱<的具体形式,勾勒弗洛姆>爱<的伦理关系体系,在此过程中,诠释>爱<的思想内涵、本质、性格特征与>爱<的关系、以>爱<为核心的各种社会关系中所应遵循的伦理规范,及探讨>爱<的伦理思想的当代价值。 N2 - In the late 1980 s, the domestic academic community had set off a boom in the study of Fromm, the main reason for the emergence of this boom is that in his writings, he grasped the pulse of the modern capitalist society and the survival of modern people, pointed out that the social problem is the imbalance of material (abundance) and spirit (poor), moral landslide, self-lost, life meaningless. To some extent, Fromm is crucial to the problem. But then, the floods began to cool. Historical changes are always mixed with the progress of the process of childbirth pain; we cannot deny a theory’s value because of its temporary cooling. In fact, Fromm’s thoughts still have a lot of inspiration for the solution of contemporary Chinese society. Fromm reflected the human’s living conditions in history and reality, and think the human nature is rooted in the people’s existential contradiction, which derived person’s unique needs. Based on such understanding of theory of human nature, Fromm strives to construct his own system of the ethical relations about >love<. According to Fromm’s specific form about >love<, my paper is intended to build Fromm’s ethic relationship system about >love<, in the process, summarizes the thought of >love< connotation, essence, the relationship between characteristics and >love<, ethical norms followed among all kinds of social relations with >love< as the core, and evaluate the contemporary value of >love< ethics thought. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Guanghui T1 - Study on Evaluation Model and Design Patterns of Internet Social Networking Applications [互联网社交应用产品设计方法与评测模型], Doctoral Dissertation, Digital Art and Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 本文以互联网社交应用产品设计方法和评测模型为题,从社交需求理论出发,借鉴社会心理学研究中有关社交需求的经典研究成果,结合交互设计和产品设计理论研究虚拟世界中人们的社交需求、社交活动和社交感受,探索互联网社交应用产品的评测模型和设计模式。主要运用了文献调研法、统计分析法和质性研究等研究方法。研究过程方面,首先通过文献调研分析理顺研究思路,制定研究计划,设计问卷模型和调研问卷。对问卷中的质性因素和量化指标进行分门别类,通过调查问卷、访谈、抽样调查等手段获得调研数据。运用统计方法从第一阶段调查结果分析中得出初步研究成果,然后根据问卷模型设计新的调查问卷分析具体的社交应用,根据统计分析结果设计初步的评测模型。接着通过交叉分析验证或调整模型中相应指标的权重,并建立评测模型的矩阵算法。再用矩阵算法对不同的社交应用进行对比评测,验证模型的效度和信度。最后,通过对比评测和设计对比实验验证设计模式的有效性和有效程度。研究完成了互联网社交应用产品DPCF问卷模型,提出了 SFT互联网社交应用产品评估模型,和基于评估模型的SFT社交应用设计模式。达到了既定的研究目标,取得了预期的研究成果。研究发现,基于社交需求和自然交互行为的互联网社交应用设计评测方法和设计模式,从人的存在、发展、交往本质需求出发,将偏向认知的交互设计研究和偏向交互体验的设计理论与社会心理学研究有机的结合起来,可以更为全面、清晰、有效的对现有的社交应用进行评估,可以为社交应用的优化和新产品的开发迭代提供快速有效的方法。社交应用评测模型和设计模式的研究提出了一种新的研究视角,丰富了互联网社交应用产品的数字化设计理论;为广大用户在虚拟世界里更好的完成社交活动和自我实现提供了可能;为设计师和开发者提供了一种创新、高效的设计方法。 N2 - [This thesis mainly surrounds subject on Internet social app product design patterns and evaluation model based on social psychology. The author tries to use social psychology research as an angle of view. Classical social theories are concerned including: Marx’s practical theory, Freud’s subconscious theory, Sartre’s freedom theory, Fromm’s interpersonal and social needs theory, Marcuse’s creative love and desire theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Combining theory of digital art and design, interaction design, discuss human social activities in the internet virtual world, study on evaluation model and design patterns of Internet social networking applications. Using literature research, statistical analysis, and qualitative research methods is to conduct research. First, through the literature research study on straightening out ideas, develop a research plan, designing questionnaires; and then, obtaining first-hand information through questionnaires, interviews, sampling experience surveys and other means. Questionnaire models for qualitative and quantitative indicators in the survey were categorized. From the first stage of the investigation, I used the method of statistical analysis of preliminary research results design the new questionnaire and evaluation model based on humanology research. Through investigation and analysis, validate and adjust the index weight in evalu-ation model. The evaluation model is presented in the form of matrix algorithms. Finally, the evaluation model for the comparative evaluation of different social applications is to verify the validity and reliability of the model. The study completed the DPCF (Demand Production Consume Feeling) questionnaire model based on humanology research, SFT (Social Feeling Tools) evaluation model of social applica-tions, and social networking application design patterns based o evaluation model. This research reaches the established goal, and has achieved the desired results. Studies have shown that, study on evaluation model and design patterns of internet social networking applications based on social psychology research, combines the studies of interaction design and humanology research. The evaluation results of popular social app become more comprehensive, clear and effective. This research can provide quick and efficient method for the optimization and development of social applications of new products. Research enriched digital design theory of social applications, also presents a new perspective, provide a new way of thinking and design methods for designers and developers. In this paper, the design method and evaluation model are proved to be valid and effective by empirical research. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Si, Qiqi T1 - A Study of Fromm's View of Freedom [弗洛司琪琪], Master thesis, History of Marxism Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 弗洛姆在对前人思想的继承批判和社会活动的实践中,立足人的主体性,从深不可测的精神世界和变化多端的行为入手,引出了对现代社会中人们>逃避自由<现象的深刻思考,构筑起自己关于人的自由状况、表现及如何实现的一系列鲜明独特的观点。首先,文章力图从时代的重大事件和他的特殊经历来理解弗洛姆本人及自由观点,重大事件包括两次世界大战、资本主义和社会主义阵营的军备竞赛、资本主义经济危机和经济繁荣、法西斯和纳粹主义的肆虐等,特殊经历包含弗洛姆忧郁的童年生活、辗转逃离纳粹的迫害中受到疾病的纠缠、坎坷的爱情生活等,并在此基础上梳理了弗洛姆自由观形成的历史阶段。同时,他的自由观也是在多种思想交流和文化观念的碰撞中形成火花,弗洛姆主要吸收了弗洛伊德的无意识、性格学说和本能理论为主的精神分析理论和马克思主义的历史唯物主义、部分阶级分析工具和关于人的全面自由发展的理论,尤以马克思主义理论对他的影响最大,另外,他的自由观点还受到犹太文化传统的影响。其次,弗洛姆自由观的基本思想主要划分为4个版块。研究他的自由观点当然不能仅仅局限在《逃避自由》这一著作中,受限于人们对自由逃避的心理状况和对自由追寻的社会全方位的变革途径。纵观弗洛姆一生的所有著作,可以发现与自由作抗争的活动与人本身的存在难以分割,自由更多地与人格或性格相关,存在着积极自由和消极自由两种形式,及与此相对应的重存在和重占有的生存方式,弗洛姆将矛盾聚焦现实的社会环境中人们面对的自由困境,解析了人们逃避自由的心理、社会机制,最终满怀希望地构思出在社会各个领域进行变革和通过塑造健全人格来实现人的全面发展的自由之路。最后,文章对弗洛姆的自由观点给出了一个综合的评价。他侧重从人的微观心理方面分析和关于人类主体的理想实现的自由观点具有一定的理论和实践价值,这体现在弗洛姆的自由观点创新了心理概念在历史唯物领域的运用,深化了对资本主义社会的批判和丰富了劳动异化理论,这对人的创造性发挥和和谐社会建设具有重大的实践价值,但是弗洛姆的自由观也存在着理论局限性,它仍是一种人本主义伦理的自由观,过分关注了人的人格、信仰、情感等因素,在关于新社会的构想中充满了空想社会主义的色彩。 N2 - From the inheritance and criticism of the predecessors’ thoughts and the practice of social activities, Fromm is based on the subjectivity of human beings, from the unfathomable spiritual world and the changing behavior, it leads to the phenomenon of >escape from freedom< in modern society. Deep thinking, to build their own on the freedom of the situation, performance and how to achieve a series of distinctive and unique view. The article first seeks to understand from the great events and special experiences of the times and the views of Fromm himself and his freedom, including the two world wars, the capitalist and socialist camps of the arms race, the capitalist economic crisis and economic prosperity, fascism and Nazism Raging and other major events, and flog melancholy childhood life, was removed from the Nazi persecution by the disease entangled, bumpy love life and other personal experiences, and the history of the formation of the history of the history of the composition of the defense. At the same time, his view of freedom is also in a variety of ideological exchanges and cultural ideas in the collision of the formation of sparks, Fromm mainly absorb Freud’s unconscious theory, personality theory and instinct theory-based psychoanalytic theory and Marxist Historical materialism, some class analysis tools, and the theory of the free and free development of man, especially the influence of Marx’s thought on him, and his view of freedom is influenced by Jewish cultural traditions. Secondly, the basic idea of the concept of Fromm’s freedom is divided into four sections. The study of his free view can not be confined to the >escape from freedom< in the book, subject to the freedom of people to escape the psychological situation and the free pursuit of social all-round way of change. Throughout all the works of Fromm’s life, it can be found that the activities of struggle against freedom are difficult to divide with the existence of man itself, and that freedom is more related to personality or character, and there are two forms of positive freedom and negative freedom. The corresponding re-existence and re-possession of the way of life. Then Fromm’s focus is on the contradictions in the reality of the social environment in which people face the freedom of the plight of people to escape the freedom of the psychological and social mechanisms, and ultimately hopefully conceived in all areas of society to change and create a sound personality to achieve people The road of comprehensive development of freedom. Finally, the article gives a comprehensive evaluation of Fromm’s view of freedom. He has a certain theoretical and practical value from the analysis of human microcosmic aspects and the free view of the ideal realization of human subjects. This is reflected in the fact that Fromm’s free view innovates the use of psychological concepts in the field of historical materialism, the criticism of capitalist society and enrich the theory of labor alienation, which is of great practical value to the construction of the subjective personality and the construction of a reasonable socialist system in the current Chinese society but there is also a theoretical limitation in the view of Fromm’s view of freedom, which is still a liberal view of humanistic ethics, too much attention to human personality, belief, emotion and other factors, in the idea of the new society is full of fantasy the color of socialism. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER -