TY - GEN A1 - Kaniowski, Pavel A1 - et al., T1 - Neopsychoanaliza humanistyczna Ericha Fromma – Wprowadzenie, Przeczytaj, Prezentacja multimedialna, Film edukacyjny, Dla nauczyciela [Erich Fromm's Humanistic Neopsychoanalysis – Introduction, Readings, Multimedia Presentation, Educational Film, for the Teacher], Educational platform of the Ministry of Education and Science, Poland s. a. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Decker, Oliver A1 - et al, T1 - Economic Prosperity as >Narcissistic Filling<: A Missing Link Between Political Attitudes and Right-wing Authoritarianism JF - International Journal of Conflict and Violence, Vol. 7, pp. 135-149. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hein, Svenja A1 - et al, T1 - US-amerikanische Psychiatriegeschichte im Spiegel des Romans >I Never Promised You A Rose Garden< von Joanne Greenberg JF - D. Groß et al. (Eds.), Medizingeschichte in Schlaglichtern. Beiträge des >Rheinischen Kreises der Medizinhistoriker<, Kassel (kassel university press) 2010, pp. 303-328. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Yanxuan A1 - et.al., T1 - The Psychological Dilemma of College Students' Career Selection – An Analysis according to the Psychological Mechanism of >Escape from Freedom< [>逃避自由<心理机制下大学生择业心理困境] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 10 (2021), pp. 150-152. N2 - 我国经济进入新常态发展阶段,经济产业结构正处于优化升级的转型机遇期,就业呈现出严峻态势。市场经济日益完善、经济全球化和网络信息化的社会背景加剧了大学生的择业心理困境。以弗洛姆的>逃避自由<学说为理论背景分析当代大学生在择业过程中的心理变化,以及由此而产生的从众心理、焦虑心理、自卑心理和依赖心理,把握问题的关键,可以从加强主体引导、重视心理辅导和完善就业机制等方面着手帮助大学生克服择业心理困境。 N2 - China's economy has entered into a new normal development stage, and the economic and industrial structure is in the transformation opportunity period of optimization and upgrading, and the employment situation is severe. The psychological dilemma of college students' career choice has been aggravated by the increasing improvement of market economy, economic globalization and network informationization. Taking Fromm's >escape from freedom< theory as the theoretical background, we analyze the psychological changes of contemporary college students in the process of career selection and the resulting herd mentality, anxiety mentality, inferiority mentality and dependence mentality, so as to grasp the key of the problem and help them overcome the psychological dilemma of career selection by strengthening the guidance of the main body, attaching importance to psychological counseling and improving the employment mechanism. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marshall, Randall D. A1 - et al., Marshall T1 - Assessing Outcome in Psychoanalysis and Long-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 24 (1996), pp. 575-604. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Josef A1 - et al, T1 - Druck und Gesundheit aus der Sicht von Psychotherapeut/Innen JF - Josef Held et. al., Was bewegt junge Menschen? Lebensführung und solidarisches Handeln junger Beschäftiger im Dienstleistungbereich, Wiesbaden (VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) 2011, pp. 303-326. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zyl, J. A. von A1 - et al, T1 - Comparison of conventional and newer methods of immunosuppression in Baboon renal allotransplants JF - C. R. Carpenter (Ed.) Neurology, Physiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel and New York (S. Karger) 1969, pp. 129-137. Y1 - 1969 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Frankenberger, Rolf A1 - et al., . T1 - Politische Psychologie und Politische Bildung. Gerd Meyer zum 65. Geburtstag, Schwalbach (Wichenschau-Verlag) 2007. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Wenxin A1 - et al, T1 - The Formation and Consolidation of Scientific Paradigm in American Psychology after World War II: Analysis Based on Social Character [二战之后美国心理学科学主义范式的形成与巩固——基于社会性格的分析] JF - Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], No. 10 (2023), pp. 1729-1744. [Print ISSN 0439-755X] [doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01729] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] The flourish development of scientific psychology in America was often understood as the necessary subsequence of the evolution of intellectual history in psychology, in which psychology separated itself from philosophy and gradually found its own scientific methods during the past centuries. However, as one of categories of culture, the history of psychology could not be understood without the considering of societies and people who live in it. According to Fromm’s social psychological studies, social change may form the social character of a given society, and the social character will initiate new thoughts or ideas which constitutes new culture and ideology. This new kind of culture and ideology will be easy to be accepted by the society, and solidify its social character in turn. So it will be interesting if we explore the process in which psychology in America committed to scientism from the perspective of social change and social character after World War II. There were a lot of changes after World War II in America society in terms of politics, economics, industrial structure, population, education, and belief. On the material level, America reached the so-called advanced industrial society and consumer society. On the mental level, the worship of knowledge gradually replaced the worship of god in America society. These changes formed the social character of America after World War II through pragmatism and individualism that were parts of American culture. The key trait of this kind of social character are one-dimensionality, pursuing of instrumental rationality, and individual priority. What this kind of social character looking forward in terms of psychology as a part of culture and ideology is the disenchantment of inner world, or we can say the secularization of mind, which will offer some kind of certainty for the working of American society.– World War II promoted the development of psychology on general, and also left abundant of problems for America society, such as psychic trauma of veteran, the need for mental health, how to avoid the reviving of totalitarianism, how the collective affect the behavior of individual, and how to train more scientists, professors, and engineers for America and finally win the competition with Soviet Union. All these needs from society led to the boom of clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental and educational psychology, and psychometrics in America. Not only the numbers of APA members and journals, but also the number of PHD in American psychology surged during three decades after World War II. The schools of psychology in America also changed during that time. New behaviorism declined after Hull and Skinner’s time due to its neglect of psyche. Psychoanalysis used to affect American psychology and evolved to ego psychology which could be seen as the product of Americanization. However, psychoanalysis was finally marginalized by scientific psychology in America because of the rise of evidence based medicine. The Third Force Psychology once made a noise in America, but it finally faded due to its attempt to connect psychology and philosophy again, and its complicated methods. It was cognitive psychology that became most popular and the main paradigm of American psychology. In a nutshell, the history of American psychology expressed its social character after World War II which called for the secularization of mind. The scientific psychology in America also plays its ideological role in maintaining the efficient work of American society in turn. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hillery et al., George A. T1 - Toward a Sociology of Freedom JF - Social Forces, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Mar. 1977), pp. 685-700. N2 - Few sociologists have investigated, systematically and empirically, the concept of freedom, as such. In this paper, freedom is explored as it is viewed and experienced by people rather than as a philosophical construct. Three dimensions of freedom are identified: ego, discipline, and conditional. These types of freedom are examined in six types of groups and in relation to feelings of loss of freedom. Finally, we approach a theory of freedom, its dimensions, and the manner in which it is experienced by actors. Y1 - 1977 ER -