TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yan T1 - An Interpretation of Marx's Concept of Humanism in Eastern European New Marxism – Heller’s Criticism of Fromm’s Humanistic Theory of Marx 东欧新马克思主义对马克思人的概念的解读—从赫勒对弗洛姆人学理论的批判谈起 JF - Journal of Soochow University (Philosophy & Social Science Edition) 苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版), No. 6 (2016), pp. 15-21. N2 - 东欧新马克思主义与西方马克思主义的人本主义流派均属于人道主义的马克思主义传统,但二者却存在根本性的差异。赫勒批判了弗洛姆对马克思人的概念的抽象理解,提出第二天性>内部筑入说<,区分了人的本质与人的本性。马尔库什分析了人的本质的三个要素:劳动、社会性、意识,强调人的本质概念必须内含批判的维度并指向>应该<,主张把人的本质概念与马克思的历史概念结合在一起。马尔科维奇区分了规范的人的本质概念和描述的人的本质概念,强调二者是不可分离的。沙夫认为社会主义的人道主义是具体的、历史的,应以历史唯物主义为基础,并且是一种战斗的人道主义。东欧新马克思主义的人道主义理论及其对马克思人的概念的解读至今仍具有重要的启示意义。 N2 - Both the new Marxism in Eastern Europe and the Western Marxist humanist genre belong to the humanistic tradition of Marxism, but there are fundamental differences between the two. Heller criticized Fromm's abstract understanding of the Marxist concept and proposed the second-day >internal structure<, which distinguishes human nature from human nature. Marcus analyzed the three elements of human essence: labor, sociality, consciousness, emphasis on the essence of human beings must contain a critical dimension and point to >should<, advocating the concept of human nature and Marx's historical concept together. Markovic distinguishes between the normative concept of human nature and the concept of human nature, emphasizing that the two are inseparable. Shafu believes that socialist humanitarianism is concrete and historical and should be based on historical materialism and is a kind of fighting humanitarianism. The humanitarianism of the new Marxist theory in Eastern Europe and its interpretation of the Marxist concept still have important implications. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yan T1 - The Concept of >Human Nature< in the Eastern European Neo-Marxist Perspective – A Review of Marcuse's Interpretation of Marx's Concept of >Human Nature< [东欧新马克思主义视域中的>人的本质<概念——评马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读] JF - Social Sciences Abroad [国外社会科学], No. 1 (2013), pp. 27-35. N2 - 本文聚焦于东欧新马克思主义理论家马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读。在《马克思主义与人类学》中,马尔库什试图将马克思的>人的本质<概念与历史概念缝合在一起,进而阐明马克思的唯物史观。在有效区分>人的本性>和>人的本质<的基础上,他剖析了>人的本质<概念的三个要素:劳动、社会性和意识,并揭示出人的本质不是一切时代每个人类个体所必然具备的特性的总和,而是人类的真实的历史存在的那些特性,即自由、普遍性和主体性的实现。马尔库什对马克思>人的本质<概念的解读,秉承了卢卡奇人道主义马克思主义的基本思路,同时又有效避免了弗洛姆和阿尔都塞的理论缺陷,在一定程度上超越了西方马克思主义理论家的基本理路,对我们深入理解马克思思想具有重要的参考价值。 N2 - This paper focuses on Eastern European Neo-Marxist theorist Marcuse's interpretation of Marx's concept of >human essence<. In Marxism and Anthropology, Marcuse attempts to stitch together Marx's concept of >human essence< and the concept of history, and thus clarify Marx's materialistic view of history. On the basis of the effective distinction between >human nature< and >human essence<, he analyzes the three elements of the concept of >human essence<: labor, sociality, and consciousness, and reveals that human essence is not the sum of the characteristics that every individual human being necessarily possesses in all times, but those characteristics of the real historical existence of human beings, namely, freedom, universality, and the realization of subjectivity. Marcuse's interpretation of Marx's concept of >human essence< follows the basic idea of Lukács' humanistic Marxism, while effectively avoiding the theoretical defects of Fromm and Althusser, and to a certain extent transcends the basic theories of Western Marxist theorists. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Quan, Yan T1 - Human Alienation and Its Way Out [人的异化及其出路], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, China 2014. N2 - 当今时代科学技术迅猛发展,人类在自身的发展过程中取得了巨大的物质财富,同时也在某种程度上陷入了生存的困境,面临着异化的危机。马克思早在一百多年前就提出了异化概念,至今异化问题仍然是学术研究的一个热门领域。很多学者,特别是西方马克思主义对当今的社会特别是发达的资本主义社会当中存在的异化现象进行了比较深入和系统的研究。他们从各个领域分别对异化的具体表现进行了细致入微的分析,将异化给人类带来的负面影响刻画得入木三分。同时,包括马克思及其他学者在内,他们也尝试着提出了自己对于解决异化问题的思路。比如卢卡奇、列斐伏尔提出来以总体性来消除异化的观点,他们认为要扬弃异化首先必须从哲学上恢复对总体性的认识,只有揭示物化意识并且培养起无产阶级的阶级意识,才能使无产者成为社会现实的改造者。马尔库塞以及生态学马克思主义者从技术的角度探讨了消除异化的可能,他们主张发展能将科技与艺术结合起来的新技术以及发展小规模的技术,以此来试图逃避异化的命运。弗洛姆等人则探讨了通过革命来消除异化的可能。国内的学者受西方学者的影响较大,他们也提出了自己关于异化出路的一些思考。作者通过自己的阅读与思考,尝试从文化的层面来探讨异化的出路问题。文章共分为四个部分。第一章是导论部分,主要说明了文章的选题意义以及国内外对该问题的研究现状。第二章重点阐释了异化概念的内涵及异化的具体表现,主要是从资本、交往、劳动、文化以及消费等几个领域来分析其具体表现的。第三章分析了异化产生的根源,先通过分析将几种异化类型归结为资本异化和技术异化两种,紧接着从精神层面分析指出人们的贪念与好逸恶劳、投机取巧是这两种异化产生的心理基础,这可以从文化层面入手为减少异化做出努力。第四章接着前一章进一步分析了异化的出路。这一部分首先给出了前人的研究成果,然后通过分析给出了自己的答案,主张通过复兴中国传统文化中的优秀成分为人类有效地避免异化提供精神上的帮助。 N2 - Now with the rapid development of science and technology, human made great achievements in its development process of the material possessions, at the same time also fell into the dilemma of survival, facing a deep sense of alienation. Alienation is still a hot area of academic research today. Marx put forward the concept of alienation as early as one hundred years ago, but the alienation phenomenon that Marx said still exists in today’s society. Many scholars, especially the western Marxism have a deep and systematic study of alienation phenomenon in modern society especially in the developed capitalist society. They have carefully analyzed the manifestation of alienation from various fields. At the same time, including Marx and others, they put forward train of thought to solve the problem of alienation. Lukács and Lefebvre put forward the opinion of eliminating the alienation overall. They insist that we should recover the understanding of overall to abandon the alienation. Only by revealing materialized consciousness and cultivating class consciousness of the proletariat, can proletarians be shapers of social reality. Marcuse and Ecology Marxism discussed the way to eliminating alienation from the perspective of technology. They advised that develop small-scale technology or new technology that could combine technology with art, trying to avoid the fate of alienation. Fromm thought that revolution could eliminate alienation. Scholars in China are deeply influenced by the western scholars, putting forward their thoughts about the way of alienation. After reading and thinking individually, the author study the way out of alienation from the perspective of culture, putting forward the idea of eliminating alienation by renaissance of Chinese traditional culture. This passage consists of four parts. The first chapter is introduction which mainly illustrates selected topic significance of the article and the domestic and foreign research status quo of the problem.– The second chapter analyses the connotation of the concept of alienation and the alienation of the manifestation, analyzing its performance mainly from several areas such as capital, exchanges, labor, culture and consumption.– The third chapter analyzed the root causes of alienation. They could come down to capital alienation and technology alienation, followed by the root causes of them.– The fourth chapter further analyzes the way out of alienation after previous chapter. This part firstly presents the predecessors’ research results, and then gives his answer through the analysis. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Yan T1 - On Fromm’s Modern Comment on the Dilemma of Human Existence [论弗洛姆对人生存困境的现代性批判], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changshun, Jilin, China 2007. N2 - Erich Fromm was a renowned psychologist, sociologist and philosopher of the 20th century and the founder of humanistic psychoanalysis. In the field of psychology, he is a representative of the cultural school of psychoanalysis, and in the field of philosophy, he is one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School and of >Western Marxism<. He has written extensively and his scholarly activity covers the fields of philosophy, ethics, psychology, sociology and religious studies. The question of human existence runs through his thought. At the heart of Erich Fromm's teachings are the dilemmas of modern human existence and the way out. He was not concerned with a few mentally ill people or self-actualized people, but with the dilemmas of survival and the answers to the questions of the majority of people. The main body of the paper is divided into three parts: the first part is devoted to presenting Fromm's modern understanding of the human dilemma. Through >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself< and >The Sane Society<, Fromm has made a comprehensive analysis of the survival situation of modern man and concluded that >escape from freedom and alienation< are the unique dilemmas of modern man's life. According to Fromm, the common human existence has given rise to three kinds of contradictions, namely, the contradiction between life and death, the contradiction between the transience of life and the infinity of potential, and the contradiction between individuation and loneliness. In order to resolve these existential contradictions, people develop various spiritual needs. The social personality and the social unconscious are the ways in which people meet these needs in certain situations. >The existential contradictions of >individualization and loneliness< dictate that people both relentlessly pursue freedom and, at the same time, escape in various ways from the >negative freedom< that is so prevalent in today's society. Man's alienation as manifested in Western society.– The second part aims to provide a comprehensive overview and exploration of Fromm's modern critical thinking on the dilemma of human existence. Fromm proposes two solutions to the dilemma of human existence. In order to eliminate the alienation of human nature and achieve a >sound society<, Fromm argues that one is to develop the capacity for reason and love, and the other is to carry out a comprehensive >social reform< of the politics, economy and culture of capitalist society.– The third part is an evaluation of Fromm's anthropological thought on the basis of the Marxist anthropological point of view, based on the preceding comprehensive and systematic introduction of Fromm's anthropological thought. Fromm's thought on human nature is not only of great theoretical significance, but also has important reference significance for the soundness and development of human nature in the construction of China's socialist modernization. [Automatic translation] N2 - 埃利希·弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、社会学家和哲学家,人本主义精神分析学的创始人。在心理学领域,他是精神分析文化学派的代表人物和集大成者;在哲学领域,他又是法兰克福学派和>西方马克思主义<的代表人物之一。他著述颇丰,学术活动涉及哲学、伦理学、心理学、社会学和宗教学等领域。人的生存问题则贯穿其思想的始终。埃利希·弗洛姆学说的核心是现代人的生存困境与出路。他一生的研究工作都是围绕现代工业化商品经济社会里人的生存处境和心态问题来展开的,他关心的不是少数心理疾病患者或自我实现者,而是大多数人的生存困境和解答问题。本文主体共分三个部分:第一部分主要是介绍弗洛姆对人的生存困境的现代理解。弗洛姆他通过《逃避自由》、《追寻自我》、《健全的社会》,对现代人的生存状况进行了,全面的剖析得出>逃避自由和异化<是现代人特有的生活困境。弗洛姆认为,人类共同的生存境遇产生了三种生存矛盾即生与死、生命的短暂与潜能的无限、个体化与孤独感的矛盾。为了解决这些生存矛盾,人产生了种种精神需要。社会性格和社会无意识是人们在一定处境下满足这些需要的方式。>个体化与孤独感<的生存矛盾决定了人们既要不懈地追求自由,又以各种方式逃避>消极的自由<,这种>消极的自由<在当今的西方社会中表现为人的异化。第二部分旨在对弗洛姆的人的生存困境的现代批判思想进行全面的梳理与探究。弗洛姆针对人的生存困境提出了他的两种解答方案。为了消除人性的化异,达到一个>健全的社会<,弗洛姆认为一个是要大力发展理性与爱的能力,另一个具体措施是要对资本主义社会的政治、经济、文化进行一场全面>的社会改革<。第三部分主要是在前面——弗洛姆的人学思想全面系统地介绍的基础上,依据马克思主义的人学观点对弗洛姆的人学思想进行评价。弗洛姆的人性思想不仅具有重大的理论意义,而且对我国社会主义现代化建设中人性的健全与发展具有重要的借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Yan T1 - On the Dual Connotations of Zhuangzi's Ideas about Freedom [论庄子自由思想的双重内涵] JF - Journal of Puyang Vocational and Technical College [濮阳职业技术学院学报], No. 2 ( 2016), pp. 35-36, 91. N2 - 弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中提出了著名的自由理论,他认为自由具有两种含义,即积极的自由和消极的自由。在庄子的思想中同样具有这两种不同的自由。从社会现实层面上看,庄子将>人间世<视为一个充满了苦痛和无奈的地方,所以他只好逃离现实,把期望寄托于理想之中,幻化出一个自由的理想世界,追求一种没有世俗羁绊和利害关系的自由的人生。这是一种纯粹的形而上的自由理念,完全脱离现实,在某种程度上是一种消极避世的自由观;但是从人与宇宙自然的关系层面上看,他把精神自由转换为一种审美自由,又具有一定的积极意义。 N2 - In >Escaping Freedom<, Fromm developed his famous theory of freedom, in which he argued that freedom has two meanings, positive freedom and negative freedom. In Zhuangzi's thought there are also these two different kinds of freedom. From a social reality point of view, Zhuangzi saw the >earthly world< as a place full of suffering and helplessness, so he had to flee from reality and place his hopes in an ideal, to conjure up an ideal world of freedom, the pursuit of a free life free of worldly bonds and stakes. This is a purely metaphysical concept of freedom, completely detached from reality, which is to some extent a negative view of freedom; however, from the perspective of the relationship between man and the universe and nature, his transformation of spiritual freedom into an aesthetic freedom has a certain positive significance. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Su, Yan T1 - [Looking Back on the Lost Spiritual Homeland: Myth – A Study of Literary Translation [回望失落的精神家园:神话—原型视阈中的文学翻译研究], Doctoral dissertation, English Language and Literature, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 2009 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. T2 - This study is on an interdisciplinary theoretical construction with specific application to translations of the metaphorical literary works modeled on the mythical archetypes It is also a response to some translation theorists' call for a return to transl N2 - This study is on an interdisciplinary theoretical construction with specific application to translations of the metaphorical literary works modeled on the mythical archetypes It is also a response to some translation theorists' call for a return to translation studies proper, which reflects their increasing worries about the skepticism resulting from the >deconstructive paradigm< and about the tendency to replace translation studies with political concerns in the >cultural turn<. It contends that there should be a return to both literariness as well as language in literary translation. Since anything in existence often exhibits its nature in its origin, such a return entails going all the way back to the ultimate origin of language and literature-myth. By introducing myth-archetype theory into literary translation studies, the author attempts to find a way out of the impasse of deconstructive paradigm by returning to the origin, universality and wholeness of literature. The dissertation stresses universality behind differences and order behind fragmentation, hoping to help translators and translation researchers restore their holy worship for the origination of both language and literature. Quite different from traditional translation studies which overstress rationality, it highlights the unconscious elements involved in literary translation by attending to the poetic effects of translations and the translators' somatic experience. It is especially applicable to translation criticism of metaphorical literary works modeled on mythical archetypes. The whole dissertation consists of five parts. The first part makes a brief review of relevant studies on myths and archetypes. The second part provides justifications for the introduction of myth-archetype theory into literary translation studies. The third part includes three chapters altogether and conducts a tentative investigation into three basic theoretical problems of literary translation studies in the perspective myth-archetype theory. The fourth part intends to construct a translation criticism method on the basis of Northrop Frye's >stand-back< method of myth-archetype criticism. The fifth part applies this method in translation criticism practice. The first chapter makes a brief review of relevant studies on myths and archetypes in different ages and disciplines to clear the ground for subsequent theoretical construction. It shows that >myth< and cultural turn< in translation studies. On the whole, this chapter borrows a lot from Northrop Frye's ideas. From Chapter Three to Chapter Five, in the perspective of myth-archetype theory, the author re-examines three basic theoretical issues of literary translation, namely, the translatability of literary works, the nature of literary translation and the translator's psychic structure. Translatability accounts for how literary translation comes into existence, the nature of literary translation defines the way how literary translation exists in one sense, and the translator's psychic structure explains why literary translation exists. On the basis of the stability of archetypes and Frye's descriptions of their various forms, this dissertation studies translatability of literary works by dividing the abstract archetype into four concrete literary elements, i.e. the theme, narrative structure, image and language of literary works. It maintains that primary concern myths explain the commensurability of themes in literature, and the structuralistic studies on the morphology of folk tales and narrative grammar provide evidence for the translatability of deep narrative structure of literary works. In addition, the archetypal image system underlying the metaphorical literary works enables literary works from different cultures to return to the same origin and those within the same cultural system but in different ages to be organized into a unity with its own specific tradition.– Since translating involves first of all linguistic transference, Chapter Three highlights linguistic translatability and proposes three types of linguistic archetypes, namely, Walter Benjamin's >pure language<, Erich Fromm's >symbolic language< and David Leaning's >mythical language<. They demonstrate linguistic translatability from fields of religion, psychology and anthropology respectively.– Incorporating the general nature of translating as linguistic transference and the nature of literature as poetic metaphor, Chapter Four tentatively defines literary translation as an art of creating poetic metaphors, i.e. a metaphor-understanding and metaphor-making activity. Chapter Five makes a comparison between literary translation and poetic metaphor from six aspects: etymological studies, innovative creation, co-existence of similarities and differences, partial transference, somatic presence and existential experience. This comparison exhibits the creative, polysemous, experiential and existential nature of literary translation, which is of metaphorical nature and keeps traces of primitive mythical thinking. The irrational elements in myths always give expression to mankind's unconscious emotions and desires, and archetypes represent collective unconsciousness in human mind. Therefore, the introduction of myth-archetype theory requires an inevitable concern on the subjects' unconsciousness involved in literary translation. The dissertation analyzes the translator's psychic structure from three aspects, i.e. collective unconsciousness, social unconsciousness and individual unconsciousness. It holds that as literary works modeled on myth-archetypes reveal mankind's collective unconsciousness, their translations may function as a psychic therapy. Since myths have always been interwoven with cultural and political motivations, literary translation consequently turns out to be a kind of symbolic activity to repress the nation's ideology, determine their social memory and invent a myth of the state. On the basis of Erich Fromm's ideas on social unconsciousness and the theory of identification in psychology, this dissertation re-explains the translation strategies of domestication and foreignization. It argues that domestication results from a nation's collective narcissism and false identification after its escape from freedom, while foreignization releases the repressed unconscious elements in the receiving culture. To be more specific, foreignization heals the metamorphasized language with the foreignized one. It also indicates the translator's metaphorical state of experience with his total empathy for the source text and the author. In the light of the theory of individual unconsciousness, this dissertation extends the meaning of translation and identifies the similarities between literary translation and psychotherapy. In other words, a translator of literary works is both an analyst and an analysand. Translation criticism, in one sense, is a mediator between translation theory and practice; therefore, after theoretical exploration, Chapter Six establishes a translation criticism method according to Frye's >stand-back< method in literary criticism with stresses on the awareness of levels, genres and intertextuality. Level-awareness means criticism upon a translation on four different levels, that is, linguistic signs, multi-level meanings, text structure and archetypal models. Genre-awareness plays a fundamental role in literary translation studies. It provides translators with writing norms and offers translation critics >horizon of expectation<, thus becoming the starting point of translation reception and criticism. Furthermore, the differences, hybridization and defining elements of genres make a considerable difference to translation criticism. The existent translation criticism generally focuses on comparison and contrast between a source text and its translations. With the entrance of archetypes, however, an intertextual perspective is added. Translation chains, literary traditions and cultural context function as leading intertextual elements in translation criticism. To prove the feasibility of the >stand-back< method of translation criticism stated in Chapter Six, Chapter Seven evaluates translations of two literary works, one is TS Eliot's poem The Wasteland and the other is a classical Chinese novel Journey to the West. These translations are criticized with awareness of levels, genres and intertextuality. As a tentative exploration into literary translation studies in the perspective of myth-archetype theory, this dissertation, in its statement and argumentation, preserves both the structuralists 'stress on universality and the deconstructivists' critical and intertextual awareness while avoiding the weak points of their theories. Therefore, it can converge with the present trend of >cultural turn< in translation studies, and avoid the deviation from translation proper caused by the cultural paradigm. Meanwhile, it finds an approach to returning to literariness itself, discovers the unconscious mind hidden behind translating, highlights the level-awareness in literary translation criticism and shows the continuity of ancient traditions to their contemporary development. Hopefully, it will shed new light on the understanding of literary translation as a whole. N2 - 目前,译界在对>文化转向<和>解构范式<的反思之后,提出了回归本体、回归语言的呼吁,对于文学翻译研究而言,还要回归文学性。在这种回归的过程中,本研究将视角投向了语言和文学的本源——神话,试图将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究,通过回归本源、结构、共性和整体,在解构主义范式走入困境之后,为译学研究提供的一种新的建构策略。本研究是一项多学科的理论建构,有助于恢复译界对语言和文学的神性起源的崇拜,认识到差异中的共性和分裂中的秩序;通过关注文学翻译中的诗意性和身体感受,在目前过分张扬理性的译学传统和语境下,凸显文学翻译中的无意识成分,尤其对具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的翻译批评具有一定的启示意义。本文主要遵循学源追溯—合理性论证—基本理论问题研究—翻译批评方法建构—典型译作评析的研究思路,形成由远及近、由理论向实践转化和落实的研究路径。神话和原型因其内在的紧密联系常常被相提并论,神话是原型的语言载体,原型是神话故事中稳定性成分的凝结,许多对原型的认识本身就是神话研究的成果。由于是将译界一直较少关注的神话.原型理论嫁接到文学翻译研究的初步探索,文章第一章对神话和原型的研究史做了一番简要的回顾与梳理,为后续的翻译理论研究提供必要的知识储备和理论铺垫。除了回顾已有学术成果的要点之外,本章也初步总结了翻译界目前与神话-原型理论相关的一些隐性研究,作为后文理论建构的基础和参照。在理清相关学源之后,第二章从哲学、语言、文学和文化四个方面为将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究提供了合理性论证。本章首先肯定了卡西尔通过引入神话思维重新确立了人文学科及其认识论基础的学术贡献;其次,阐述了弗莱关于语言的起源和演化与神话有着割舍不断的牵连的思想;再次,重申了弗莱的观点,即文学是置换变形的神话,文学创作是原型的置换变形;最后,强调神话是一种文化模式,认为这使得神话-原型理论的引入与当前译学研究的文化大潮相契合。在论证了引入神话-原型理论的合理性之后,文章的第三、四、五章探讨了文学翻译研究中的三个基本理论问题,包括文学翻译的可译性、文学翻译的本质及译者的精神结构。关于这些问题已有不少研究成果,本文以神话-原型理论为新的观照视阈和理论依据重新阐释这些问题,其中可译性试图回答文学翻译以何存在的问题,本质研究回答文学翻译如何存在的问题,而译者的精神结构回答文学翻译因何存在的问题。这一部分也是本研究力争在文学翻译理论研究中有所突破的地方。第三章在论述文学作品的可译性时,依据原型的稳定性特征,在弗莱对原型具体形态描述的基础上,将原型具体化为主题、结构、意象和语言四个文学作品要素。研究认为,1)初级关怀神话为文学作品的主题提供了可译性;2)结构主义关于民间故事叙事形态及其叙事语法的研究为文学作品深层叙事结构的可译性提供了依据;3)隐喻性文学作品最深层的原型意象体系使不同文化语境下的作品回归共同的本源,并使同一文化语境下的作品之间跨越时空而组合为一个依据一定传统前后延续的整体;4)本章还以本雅明的>纯语言<、弗洛姆的>象征语言<和利明的>神话语言<作为文学语言的理论原型,对文学语言的可译性展开了论证。就翻译的本质而言,第四章遵循从起源考察事物本质的思路,基于文学是神话或隐喻思维的产物以及翻译语言转换的普遍本质,尝试将文学翻译的本质界定为一种创造诗性隐喻的艺术。本章具体从词源考证、更新创造、求同存异、部分提取、身体在场和生存体验六个方面对文学翻译和诗性隐喻做了类比研究,突出了文学翻译的创造性、多义性、体验性和生存本体论意义。这些都是隐喻本质属性的表现,也保留了原始隐喻(神话)思维的痕迹。在引入神话-原型视阈之后,第五章从集体无意识、社会无意识和个人无意识三个层面论述了译者的精神结构。研究认为,具备神话-原型特质的文学作品指向人类的集体无意识深处,这些作品的翻译因此成为一个民族重要的精神诊疗手段。由于神话内在的文化和政治功用,文学翻译成为压制社会成员的意识形态、塑造社会记忆和书写国家神话的符号行为。本章借鉴弗洛姆的社会无意识理论以及心理学中的认同理论,重新阐释了归化和异化的策略选择,认为归化翻译体现了一个民族集体的精神自恋,是一种逃避自由的虚假认同,而异化翻译释放了原本在译入语文化中被压制的无意识成分,以>异化的语言<来对抗语言的异化,是译者对原本充满爱欲的拥抱,达到了主客体同一的隐喻式体验状态。将个人无意识理论引入之后,本章拓宽了翻译的概念内涵,并发现了文学翻译与精神诊疗之间的相似性。翻译批评从某种意义上说是翻译理论向实践转化的中介,在探讨了基本理论问题之后,第六章将弗莱提出的文学的>后视<批评法引入文学翻译批评研究,获得了文学翻译批评中的层次意识、文类意识和互文意识。层次的意识就是从语言符号、多层意义、文本结构和原型模式四个层面展开对译作的评价,强调把前后相继的水平换喻式文本结构解读为向纵深挺进的垂直隐喻式结构。文类意识在文学翻译批评中具有基础地位,不仅为译者提供了书面表达的规范,也为翻译批评者提供了>期待视域<,是其接受和批评译作的起点,并且文类的差异、混杂和界定要素对于文学翻译批评具有重要意义。已有的翻译批评都立足于文本的空间维度,引入原型因素后增加了时间维度,产生了翻译批评的互文视角,其中,译本链、文学传统和文化语境在文学翻译批评的互文意识中发挥主导作用。第七章按照第六章建构起来的文学翻译批评的>后视<法,选取两部具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的译本予以评价,包括艾略特的诗歌《荒原》的多个中译本和吴承恩的小说《西游记》的余国藩英文全译本。评价过程有意识地贯穿了层次意识、文类意识和互文意识,试图通过对具体译作的评析,证明本文提出的翻译批评体系具有一定的实践转化能力。总之,本研究是将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究的初步探索,在吸取结构主义强调共性与解构主义的批判精神和互文意识等合理性成分的同时也有意识地避免了其中的一些弊端,因此本研究既能与当前译学研究的>文化转向<大潮合流,又能纠正文化范式对文学翻译本体的偏离,使文学翻译研究向着文学性回归。与此同时,本研究展现了当代文化与古老文化传统之间的承继关系,凸显了翻译过程中的无意识层面,强调了文学翻译批评的层次意识。作为一次跨学科理论建构的尝试,本研究期待能有助于译界对文学翻译的新认识。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Jiezhi T1 - On Distorted Love: Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Toni Morrison’s >Love< [论畸形的爱—托尼•莫里森《爱》的心理解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2010 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 美国黑人女作家托尼•莫里森一直以来都关怀、同情黑人妇女这一边缘群体,并关注黑人女性在充斥着父权制和种族歧视的社会中的命运。在其2003年发表的小说《爱》中,莫里森展示了历史、种族、性别等诸多因素作用下维系黑人民族的最基本的情感-爱,并以爱的扭曲与复原为主线探讨并指出:黑人家庭和社区中诸多矛盾的解决都需要爱的力量。本论文以心理学家弗洛姆和罗杰斯的理论为依据,探讨了畸形之爱产生的原因及解决的方法。首先,论文通过分析《爱》中畸形之爱的表现形式,如畸形的母女关系、黑人女性之间失败的友谊以及畸形的婚姻,展示了黑人女性的边缘化地位。在小说《爱》中,种族歧视和父权制使人与人的关系发生扭曲。爱的异化使深厚的母女感情和纯真的友谊演变为彼此间的敌对和仇恨,婚姻也在这种力量的催化下摇摇欲坠。其次,论文探讨《爱》中畸形之爱产生的原因。父母之爱缺失的转移、人性弱点的投射和父权种族主义的压抑共同产生作用,使原本美好的爱扭曲变形。最后,论文为黑人女性走出畸形之爱指明一条道路。罗杰斯认为人性本善,有自我实现的发展潜力;他创立的当事人中心疗法主张:要真心关怀当事人的感情,在真诚和谐的关系中启发当事人运用自我发展潜力促进自身的健康成长,增强自信心。而在小说《爱》中,黑人女性个体和社区充当的就是心理治疗师的角色。基于以上分析,论文认为:异化的爱虽具极强的摧毁力,但爱作为黑人民族凝聚力的象征,在黑人女性个体和黑人社区的共同努力下得以回归。 N2 - Tony Morrison, a black woman writer in the United States, has always cared and sympathized with the marginalized group of black women and paid attention to the fate of black women in a society full of patriarchy and racial discrimination. In her novel >Love< published in 2003, Morrison showed the most basic emotion-love of the black people under the influence of history, race, gender and other factors, and discussed and pointed out the distortion and restoration of love. The resolution of many contradictions in black families and communities requires the power of love. Based on the theories of psychologists Fromm and Rogers, this thesis explores the causes and solutions of deformed love.– First, the paper demonstrates the marginalization of black women by analyzing the manifestations of deformed love in >Love<, such as the deformed mother-daughter relationship, the failed friendship between black women, and the deformed marriage. In the novel Love, racial discrimination and patriarchy distorted the relationship between people. The alienation of love has transformed the deep mother-daughter relationship and innocent friendship into mutual hostility and hatred. Marriage is also faltering under the catalysis of this power.– Secondly, the paper explores the causes of deformed love in Love. The loss of parental love, the projection of human weakness, and the suppression of patriarchal racism work together to distort the original good love.– Finally, the paper points out a way for black women to get out of deformed love. Rogers believes that human nature is good and has the potential for self-realization; he founded the party center therapy advocate: to truly care for the feelings of the parties, to inspire the parties to use their self-development potential to promote their healthy growth and enhance self-confidence in a sincere and harmonious relationship. In the novel Love, black female individuals and communities act as psychotherapists.– Based on the above analysis, the paper argues that although alienated love is extremely powerful, love is a symbol of the cohesiveness of the black people, and it is backed by the joint efforts of black women and black communities. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Shijiao T1 - Ben Agger’s Theory of Consumption Alienation and Its Enlightenment [本•阿格尔异化消费理论及其启示], Master thesis, Philosophy, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2018. N2 - 消费在人类的生活中扮演着十分重要的角色,消费把人与人、人与物密切地联系起来。在异化的消费中,消费成了目的自身,即人类为了消费而消费。本文以本•阿格尔的异化消费理论为研究对象,本•阿格尔是生态学马克思主义的主要代表人物,他在继承与发展威廉•莱易斯生态学马克思主义的基础上,逐步建立了自己的异化消费理论体系。本•阿格尔的异化消费理论,以马克思的异化劳动思想,马尔库塞的>虚假需求<理论,弗洛姆的异化思想以及莱易斯的生态危机思想为理论渊源。在他看来,异化消费是一种独特的消费现象,是工人为摆脱劳动中缺少自我表达之自由而进行的消费行为。与此同时,他认为马克思所言经济危机已经不符合对于资本主义社会危机的分析,因为资本主义社会并未出现马克思所说的社会革命,反而是消费领域出现的生态危机将代替经济危机成为新的社会危机。异化消费行为既有积极影响也有消极影响,最严重的消极影响莫过于异化消费造成了生态危机。为了克服异化消费、解决生态危机,阿格尔提出两个解决路径,一个是>期望破灭了的辩证法<,另一个是通过实行分散化和非官僚化来改造资本主义工业社会。这两个方法分别从个人以及工业生产的维度直接或间接地解决异化消费问题。本•阿格尔的异化消费理论虽然丰富和发展了生态学马克思主义,但同样存在理论上的不足,这一点需要辩证地看待。就其实践意义而言,它对>美丽中国<建设起到积极的指导作用。这一理论告诉我们,只有树立正确的消费理念、秉持健康的消费方式、形成积极的生态观念,才能实现人自身的和谐发展,以及经济与生态环境的全面协调可持续发展。 N2 - Consumption has played an important role in human life, which established connections between people, between people and objects. However, in the alienated one, it has been the end in itself, namely, the purpose of human consumption is for nothing but itself. The study object in this thesis was the Consumption Alienation Theory from Ben Agger, a main representative of Ecological Marxism, who has established his own theoretical system gradually on the basis of Ecological Marxism of William Leiss. Regarding the Alienated Labor Thought of Marx, False Need Theory of Herbert Marcuse, Fromm’s Idea of Alienation and the Ecological Crisis Thought of William Leiss as the theoretical basis, Ben Agger established the Consumption Alienation Theory. As far as he was concerned, alienated consumption is a unique consumption phenomenon, which is another kind of consumption behavior from the workers to show that they were eager to express themselves freely. Meanwhile, he thought the economic crisis argued by Karl Marx has not met analysis of the capitalist social crisis. Because the social revolution raised by Marx did not appear in the capitalist society. Instead, the ecological crisis arisen in the consumer sector would replace the economic crisis and be the social crisis. Alienated consumption behavior has both a positive influence and a negative effect. The most serious negative effect would be that the alienated consumption has caused ecological crisis. In order to overcome the alienated consumption and solve the ecological crisis, two solutions were put forward by Agger. One is disillusioned dialectics, and the other is to transform the capitalist industrial society through decentralization and non-bureaucratization. These two methods solve the problem of alienated consumption directly or indirectly from the dimension of individual and industrial production. Although the alienated consumption from Ben Agger enriched and developed the Ecological Marxism, there were also many deficiencies in theory, however, this should be treated dialectically. In terms of its practical significance, it would play a guiding role on the construction of Beautiful China. According to this theory, the harmonious development of human beings and the comprehensive and sustainable development of economy and ecological environment would be realized by establishing the correct consumption concept, adopting healthy consumption pattern and forming a positive ecological concept. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Biyou T1 - Process Is More Important than Result [过程比结果更重要] JF - Chinese Times (Principal) [华人时刊(校长)], No. 2 (2021), p. 8. N2 - 美国犹太裔心理学家弗洛姆有一部名著《逃避自由》,大意是说,人们对自由的态度近似>叶公好龙<,说起来人人都向往自由,骨子里人们却逃避自由。因为自由意味着自我选择,而自我选择就得自我担当,要想享受自由的快乐,就得承担自由的责任。现在社会的功利心越来越重,人们只追求结果,至于过程则可以省略;人们都向往自由,却不愿承担过程的责任和艰辛。 N2 - The American Jewish psychologist Fromm has a famous book, >Escape from Freedom<, which says that people's attitude toward freedom is similar to that of a >good dragon<, that everyone aspires to freedom, but at heart people avoid it. Because freedom means self-choice, and self-choice has to be self-responsibility, to enjoy the joy of freedom, you have to take the responsibility of freedom. Nowadays, society is becoming more and more utilitarian, people only pursue results, and the process can be omitted; people aspire to freedom, but do not want to bear the responsibility and hardship of the process. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 5/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Kuoming T1 - An Inquiry into Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics: Human Nature, Norms and Socialism [弗洛姆人道主义伦理学探究:人性、规范与社会主义] JF - Qilu Journal [齐鲁学刊], No. 2 (2021), pp. 73-81. N2 - 弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学是以人性为规范的道德理论。在弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思社会批判理论的双重奠基之上,弗洛姆揭示了>社会内在伦理学<与>普遍的伦理学<之间的巨大差异,批判资本主义社会的异化现实,从而对人性的道德以及现实中人的自由境况做出了伦理剖析。一方面,弗洛姆把人性的道德寄托于精神健康的个人与健全的社会之间辩证的实践关系之中,认为人的性格与社会性格之间存在固有关联;另一方面,弗洛姆将爱的实践视为现实的道德实践,将人性的道德寄托于爱的艺术,从而以爱为出发点来辩证地探寻人道主义社会的可能性。弗洛姆最终将实现普遍的伦理学的希望寄托于社会主义,但是由于其道德理论在本质上坚持了一种抽象的人性论,因而难免蒙上一种形而上学的乌托邦色彩。 N2 - Fromm's humanist ethics is a moral theory that takes human nature as the norm. On the basis of Freud's psychoanalysis and Marx's social criticism theory, Fromm reveals the great difference between >social inner ethics< and >universal ethics<, criticizes the alienated reality of capitalist society, and thus makes an ethical analysis of the morality of human nature and the real situation of human freedom. On the one hand, Fromm places the morality of human nature in the dialectical practical relationship between the spiritually healthy individual and the healthy society, and believes that there is an inherent connection between human character and social character; on the other hand, Fromm regards the practice of love as a realistic moral practice, and places the morality of human nature in the art of love, thus taking love as the starting point to dialectically explore the possibility of a humanitarian society. Fromm ultimately places his hope for a universal ethics in socialism, but because his moral theory adheres to an abstract theory of human nature, it is inevitably tainted with a metaphysical utopia. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 5/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Xiaoming T1 - A Study on Alienation in >White Noise< by Don DeLillo [唐•德里罗《白噪音》中的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - DeLillo)被认为是20世纪美国当代最杰出的小说家之一,总是被冠以>后现代派小说家<的头衔。自此书发表以来,虽然许多文学评论家都对这本书钟爱有加,但是从异化理论出发的研究为数不多。本文根据西方马克思异化理论以及当代马尔库塞和弗洛姆的异化理论,分别从消费,科技,环境,精神,家庭关系五个方面找出《白噪音》中的异化现象,分析由异化引发的后现代人们在日常生活,人类社会和自然环境中所面临的种种危机,并根据弗洛姆的理论提出了解决异化所带来问题的方案,即回归情感并树立理性的观念来消除异化,以期对当代个人、社会、自然的发展有借鉴意义。本文包括引言和结论共分六部分。第一章引言,分为三部分介绍,第一部分简要介绍了作家德里罗生平,主要作品及相关成就。第二部分为国内外对《白噪音》的相关论述研究及选作这篇论文的理论研究意义。第三部分为这篇论文的结构框架。第二章异化理论,共分为三部分,第一部分介绍异化,第二部分介绍了马克思异化理论的起源与发展,第三部分介绍继马克思之后当代异化理论的发展以及马尔库塞和弗洛姆的理论,从而为本论文的分析研究奠定了理论基础。第三章分别介绍了《白噪音》中几种不同的异化现象,分别是消费异化,科技异化,精神异化,关系异化,自然异化。第四章探讨了小说中异化所映出来的严重后果,主要分为对个人产生的危机,对社会和环境产生的危机两个大方面,具体体现在信任危机,身份危机,对死亡的恐惧,大众媒体的泛滥,环境的污染,表演性暴力,以及人们使用科技时的犹豫。第五章讨论如何走出异化的方案:第一,通过回归人心中的爱,去拯救个人,帮助个体摆脱个人危机;第二,通过建立正确的个人和社会价值导向,让人们有正确的观念特别是理性消费观,理性的环境观念,理性的生产观念,参与到全社会共同应对异化危机的活动中来。第六章结论总结本研究的主要观点。本文根据异化理论,让人们认识到异化现象的普遍存在和异化所带来的一切问题和危机,给出人们走出异化的方法和建议,促进人、社会、自然的可持续发展。 N2 - Don DeLillo (1936-) is considered as one of the most prominent novelists in the twentieth century of America and has always been dubbed as the >postmodern novelist< title. >White Noise< was published in 1985, which is known as the most representative work of American postmodern literature, and wins the National Book Award in the USA. Since the publication of White Noise, a number of scholars and experts began to interpret this novel from different perspectives, but few analyze it from the alienation view. Based on the alienation theories of Marx, Marcuse and Fromm, five alienation phenomena can be found in White Noise, which show that the alienation is common in our life, society and in nature. The alienation phenomena is so common that they push us to analyze the consequences and crises that haunt post-modern and contemporary people, and our society, which includes several aspects, including the trust crisis, the identity crisis, the fear of death, the spread of the mass media,the environment pollution, the violence for performance purpose, and the hesitance for technology. Last but not the least, we propose the solution. Two ways to solve the alienation crises that are discussed in the thesis, establishing the correct value and getting back to love-with the hope that those two solutions could be helpful for the healthy development of humans, society and nature. This thesis consists of 6 chapters. Chapter One is introduction which is divided into 3 parts: first, it introduces Don DeLillo and White Noise; second, it is about the Literature Review on White Noise and the significance of studies; third, the organization of the thesis.– Chapter Two is the theoretical foundations including 3 parts: first is the introduction to alienation; second part is Marx’s alienation theory; the third part is the introduction to modern alienation theories.– Chapter Three is the alienation phenomena in White Noise including consumption alienation, technology alienation, the mental alienation, and the nature alienation.– Chapter Four is the consequences of alienation inducing: first, the crises of humans which consist of the relation crisis, the trust crisis, the identity crisis; second, the social and natural crises which consist of the side effects of mass media, the environment pollution, the violence for performance purpose and the hesitance for technology.– Chapter Five is about the solutions to alienation including: first, returning back to love which includes friends’ love, parental love, affectionate love and self love; second, establishing a rational guidance to value which is made up of developing a rational lifestyle by consumption and leading green and ecological ways of living and producing.– Chapter Six is the conclusion which summarizes the main points of the thesis. Based on the alienation theories, we analyze the alienation phenomena and consequences of alienation, and propose solutions to make a little contribution to the healthy development of humans, society and nature.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiang, Yan T1 - A Study of Lily Bart’s Alienation in >The House of Mirth< [《欢乐之家》中丽莉•巴特的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 伊迪斯•华顿(1862-1937)是二十世纪美国文学史上重要的女作家,其多数作品主要关注十九世纪末二十世纪初上流社会背景下女性的内心挣扎与精神困境。她的首部成名作品《欢乐之家》围绕女主人公丽莉•巴特展开,讲述她欲入豪门未果,步步跌落至社会底层,最终不堪忍受精神折磨而自杀的故事。二十世纪西方著名理论家埃里希•弗洛姆在马克思的劳动异化理论基础之上,结合弗洛伊德精神分析学,将异化概念引入到了心理学领域。他分析了资本主义社会各个方面的异化,重点阐释了人与自我的异化关系。弗洛姆认为异化无处不在,且人的内心随之出现严重的无力感和疏离感,进而可能导致人的精神危机。弗洛姆指出,人们可通过改良社会和培养爱的能力来消除异化。本论文以埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论为基石,分析《欢乐之家》中女主人公丽莉的异化境遇,旨在从异化角度探索丽莉的悲剧成因,进而体悟作者在作品中体现的人文关怀。除引言和结论外,本论文共有三章。引言部分概述伊迪斯•华顿和她的小说《欢乐之家》,综述《欢乐之家》的相关研究文献并介绍埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论。第一章从三个方面分析丽莉的异化表征:她在浮华都市生活中的异化感,她与其他人的异化关系以及她与自我的异化关系,展现了丽莉在都市生活、社会交往以及个人内心三方面所经历的无力感、孤独感和疏离感。第二章从社会、家庭和个人三个方面分析导致丽莉异化的原因。认为导致主人公异化的社会原因在于当时男权社会对女性的客体化,消费社会对人的抽象化和社会交往中隐形经济规律对人的操控;家庭原因在于主人公父爱的缺失、母亲的控制以及亲人的冷漠;个人原因在于主人公的市场取向性格与缺乏爱的能力。第三章从两个方面探析丽莉为消除异化所做的努力。丽莉感受到了异化带来的心里痛苦与精神折磨,希望通过积极培养爱的能力和努力建构自我身份来消除异化感,但却没能成功消除异化。结论部分指出:通过分析《欢乐之家》中丽莉的异化表现及原因,可以看出,丽莉感受到了异化带来的心里痛苦与精神折磨,希望通过培养爱的能力和建构自我身份来消除异化感。虽然丽莉最终精神彻底崩溃选择了自杀,未能走出异化的泥沼,但主人公为消除异化做出了巨大的挣扎与努力。它警醒人们异化给人带来的无力感、孤独感和疏离感,启示人们可通过培养爱自己和爱他人的能力来克服异化,实现人的完整性. N2 - Edith Wharton(1862-1937) is an important woman writer in the history of American literature in the twentieth century. Most of her works focus on women’s mental struggle and spiritual dilemma which appear in the upper class between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Her first well-known work >The House of Mirth< centers on Lily Bart and tells a story how Lily fails in hunting for a husband with wealth and a high social status in the upper class and how she falls down step by step to the bottom of society. At last she commits suicide because she can not stand her mental suffering and spiritual torture. Erich Fromm, a well-known Western theorist in the twentieth century introduces the concept of alienation into the field of psychology by combining Marx’s alienated labor theory with Freudian psychoanalysis theory. He analyzes man’s alienation in every aspect of the capitalist society and emphatically explains the alienated relationship of man with himself. Fromm maintains that alienation pervades everywhere and it brings serious powerlessness and isolation in man’s heart which may lead to man’s spiritual crisis. Fromm points out that by the social revolution and the cultivation of the capacity for love can man get rid of alienation. This thesis, based on the alienation theory of Erich Fromm, analyzes Lily’s alienation in The House of Mirth, aiming for exploring the reason for her tragedy and sensing the writer’s deep concern with human beings. Besides Introduction and Conclusion, there are three chapters in the thesis. In Introduction a general introduction is provided including Edith Wharton >The House of Mirth< the literature review on this novel and Erich Fromm’s alienation theory.– In Chapter One the manifestation of Lily’s alienation is revealed from three aspects: her alienated experience in the ostentatious metropolitan life the alienated relationship between her and other characters and the alienated relationship of Lily with herself. exposing her experience of powerlessness, loneliness and isolation in the metropolitan life, in social interactions and in her inner heart.– In Chapter Two the causes for Lily’s alienation are analyzed from the social. familial and personal perspectives. From the social aspect, her alienation results from the objectification of the patriarchal society. the abstractification of the consumption society and the manipulation of implicit economic laws in social interactions. From the familial aspect it is caused by the absence of her father’s love, the domination of her mother and the indifference of her relatives. From the personal aspect, it is caused by her marketing orientation character and her lack of the incapacity for love.– In Chapter Three Lily’s resistance to alienation is explored from two aspects. Lily senses the mental suffering and spiritual torture brought by alienation and she hopes to resist the alienation by actively cultivating the capacity for love and constructing her identity. However, she fails to get rid of her alienation. In Conclusion, it is pointed out that Lily senses the mental pain and spiritual torture brought by alienation by analyzing Lily’s alienation and the causes for her alienation. She hopes to get rid of alienation by cultivating the capacity for love and constructing her identity. Although Lily is not able to walk out of her alienation and finally commits suicide with her spiritual disintegration, she makes great efforts to resist alienation. Her tragedy warns people to be alert to the powerlessness, loneliness and isolation brought by alienation and enlightens people to get rid of alienation and achieve their integrity by cultivating their capacity to love others and themselves. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Rui T1 - An Analysis of the Tragedy in >Everything I Never Told You< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Theory of Love [弗洛姆爱的理论视角下的《无声告白》悲剧分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 《无声告白》是80后美籍华裔女作家伍绮诗的小说处女作,2014年6月26日由企鹅出版社出版。该作问世后好评如潮,不仅跃升为《纽约时报》畅销书,还于同年荣登美国亚马逊年度最佳图书榜首。这部小说以第三人称全知视角讲述了一个跨种族婚姻家庭成员间所经历的情感危机以及由此造成的悲剧。目前国内外学术界关于《无声告白》的研究视角多集中在族裔理论、女性主义、身份理论、家庭教育上,还未有系统阐述隐藏在这些题材之后的>爱的问题<。本文以埃瑞克•弗洛姆主要在其《爱的艺术》一书中提出的爱的理论为指导,通过对《无声告白》中莉迪亚死因的分析,启发人们如何去爱自己以及身边的人。全文共分为六个章节:第一章简要介绍了伍绮诗本人的生活经历及其小说《无声告白》的创作背景和媒体评价,总结了至目前为止国内外对《无声告白》的相关研究成果,并阐述了本文的选题依据和研究意义。第二章是本文的理论部分,介绍了埃瑞克•弗洛姆爱的理论的提出背景,阐述了爱的理论的核心内容——>爱是对人类生存问题的回答<、>病态的爱<、>爱的实践<,最后简要概述了《无声告白》与弗洛姆爱的理论之间的联系。第三章主要探讨了《无声告白》中悲剧的>序幕<——由于>与众不同<的外貌从小备受歧视的詹姆斯,在一次次融入美国社会的绝望挣扎中愈发自卑敏感,通过对这一性格缺陷的剖析,呼吁人们客观看待人与人之间的关系,以博爱凝聚团结。第四章主要阐释了《无声告白》中悲剧的>高潮<——詹姆斯和他的妻子玛丽琳由于沟通缺失导致的婚姻危机,探讨了维持夫妻关系和睦的>爱的要素<,即彼此之间坦诚的沟通和交流。第五章主要分析了《无声告白》中悲剧的>结尾<——莉迪亚以放弃自我为代价来满足父母过高的期望,通过对莉迪亚父母>施虐倾向<和莉迪亚>受虐倾向<的批判,指出父母不要过多干预孩子的成长,要给孩子自由发展的空间。第六章是本文的结论部分,总结了《无声告白》的悲剧成因:父亲詹姆斯自卑敏感的性格缺陷引发婚姻危机,夫妻之间的不坦诚导致家庭关系濒临破碎,生活在这种氛围下的莉迪亚,默默承受着父母令人窒息的>爱<,最终迷失自我,选择自杀。为了避免类似家庭悲剧的发生,文章最后呼吁人们学会客观、理智、真诚地对待自己以及身边的人。 N2 - >Everything I Never Told You<, which was published on June 26, 2014 by the Penguin Press, is the debut novel of Chinese American post-80s woman writer Celeste Ng. Upon its release, the novel has won many praises from the media and received many awards such as the New York Times bestseller and Amazon’s No. 1 Best Book of 2014. Based on the omniscient perspective of the third person, this novel presents us an emotional crisis among the family members from a interracial marriage and the resulting tragedy. At Present, academic researches on this novel at home and abroad seem to be mainly about racialism, feminism and the criticism of identity and family education, without specially revealing the love problems beyond those themes. Guided by Erich Fromm’s theory of love which is mainly put forward in his book >The Art of Loving<, this thesis endeavors to apply a detailed analysis to the causes of Lydia’s death in Everything I Never Told You, with the purpose to give some enlightenment on how to love ourselves and those around us. This thesis consists of six chapters: The first chapter provides a brief introduction to the author Celeste Ng and the novel >Everything I Never Told You<, summarizes the current literature review of the novel, and presents the rationale for selecting the theme and the significance of this thesis.– The second chapter focuses on the theoretical basis of the thesis. It gives an introduction of the theoretical background of Erich Fromm’s theory of love, offers a further explanation of the essential content of the theory, which contains love as >the answer to the problem of human existence<, >the pathology of love< and >the practice of love<, and finally makes a brief statement of the internal connections between >Everything I Never Told You< and Fromm’s theory of love.– The third chapter deals with the prologue of the tragedy in >Everything I Never Told You< — James, being discriminated for his different appearance from childhood, was stricken by his increasing sense of inferiority and sensitivity after helpless struggling to be in conformity with the American society. By analyzing the defect in James’ character, it appeals for human solidarity through the practice of brotherly love, and the objectivity to examine the relationship between nations and individuals – The fourth chapter discusses the climax of the tragedy in >Everything I Never Told You< — the marriage crisis caused by the lack of communication between James and his wife Marilyn, and explores the >elements of love< to maintain a harmonious relationship between husband and wife, namely, effective communication with sincerity.– The fifth chapter analyzes the epilogue of the tragedy in >Everything I Never Told You< — Lydia lived up to her parents’ excessive expectations at the expense of losing herself. By criticizing the masochistic tendency of Lydia and the sadistic tendency of her parents, it concludes that parents should have rational faith in the potentialities of free development of their children rather than excessive intervention.– The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of the thesis. It concludes the tragedy causes in >Everything I Never Told You< — marriage crisis resulted from the inferiority and sensitivity of Lydia’s father, teetering atmosphere of the family caused by reticence between Lydia’s parents, lostness of oneself under suffocating love of parents. All of these above motivate Lydia’s suicide. To avert such family tragedies, this thesis calls on people in the end to love themselves and others with objectivity, knowledge and faith. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Xinling T1 - Liberty and Faith – A Comparison of the Spiritual Cores of Dostoevsky’s >Crime and Punishment< and Nabokov’s >Despair< [自由与信仰—陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》与纳博科夫《绝望》精神内核之比较], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >自由与信仰<一直是人类精神维度的重要主题,也为陀思妥耶夫斯基与纳博科夫所共同关注。作家表现出的>自由与信仰<并非是简单意义上的浅尝辄止或和睦共存,而是通过对双重人格在人性深处的投射,不仅揭示出>自由与信仰<时刻处于对峙状态,充满冲突与纠葛的紧张关系,而且将>自由与信仰<所引发的对个体存在意义方面的形而上的思考以及现代性精神危机的可怕后果一同显露出来。本论文运用新批评法、比较文学平行研究法,以尼采、叔本华、萨特、弗洛姆、阿德勒等现代西方哲学家、心理学家的相关思想理论为依据,以陀思妥耶夫斯基的《罪与罚》和纳博科夫的《绝望》为研究对象,在个体自由与信仰建构的形而上层面,分析、比较和挖掘作品《罪与罚》和《绝望》的内在意蕴,探索两位作者在追寻自由和信仰背后的灵魂归处。二位作者运用超人哲学塑造出不同类型的双重人形象,对个体的存在价值及拥有的权力进行不同的尝试与选择,将存在主义的自由观和基督教信仰间的逻辑勾联于同一思想界面,在赋予主人公彻底与极端的自由性的同时,也使其失去了自我归属,意在表达对>唯我论<彻底的否定,从而说明个体存在需要信仰的支撑。尽管二者作品中主人公对宗教信仰持不同态度,但其最终结局均肯定了陀思妥耶夫斯基与纳博科夫相信某种神性力量的存在,都强调了个体在面对苦难、罪恶时要汲取宗教精神,摆脱困境的理念,最终使某种超验性对个体人类精神方面的影响与帮助得以确认。本论文通过对两位作家作品的比较分析,得出富有新意的结论:《绝望》与《罪与罚》在精神层面既共通又有不同的价值取向。在对个体存在不断设问与解疑过程中,引领读者踏上属于自己灵魂皈依之路,为深处精神危机的当代人类提供一定的借鉴与思考。 N2 - >Liberty and Faith< have always been an important theme of human spiritual dimension, and it is concerned both by Fyodor Dostoevsky and Vladimir Nabokov. The theme expressed by writers is not staying on the surface or a harmonious coexistence but through applying the projection of a double personality in deep humanity. The authors not only reveal the opposition which is full of conflicts and disputes between liberty and faith, and the tension between conflict and entanglement but also revealed their thinking of the meaning of individual existence on metaphysics which caused by ‘freedom and faith’ and the terrible consequences of modern spiritual crisis. This paper is meant to analyze, compare and explore the implication of Dostoevsky’s > Crime and Punishment< and Nabokov’s > Despair< applying the method of new criticism and comparative literature parallel research, according to the theories of Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Sartre, Fromm, Adler, and other modern western philosophers, based on the aspect of individual freedom and metaphysical belief construction, exploring the two authors’ pursuit to freedom and faith. The two authors create different types of double image applying the superman philosophy, attempt to reach the individual value and the rights they own, depriving the hero’s self attribution while giving him extreme freedom, trying to express the complete deny to >solipsism<, showing that the existence of individual needs the support of faith. The heroes in this two works hold different attitudes on religious faith, but the end both affirm that Dostoevsky and Nabokov believe in the existence of the god and emphasize that the individual must derive the religious spirit and the heart out of dilemma in face of suffering and evil, eventually confirming the influence and help of transcendence to individual. This paper draws an innovative conclusion by comparing and analyzing the two works. They have common but different value in the spiritual level. The two works leads the readers to take the path of their own spiritual conversion in the process of continuous questioning and answering the existence of individual, offering the reference and thinking for the contemporary people who are thrown into deep spiritual crisis. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Yan T1 - A Further Exploration of Erich Fromm’s Humanism Thought and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆人本主义思想及其当代启示再探], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2019. N2 - 弗洛姆作为人本主义思想家的代表人物,他的一生都围绕着人的问题展开思考和分析。通过对弗洛伊德、马克思以及法兰克福学派理论的研读和反思,继承并发展了他们关于人的问题相关理论和观点,弗洛姆逐渐形成自己的人本主义思想体系。本文主要是对弗洛姆人本主义思想进行再探分析,共分为四个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的形成和发展过程。主要从理论渊源和现实背景两个方面进行梳理和分析,其中理论渊源主要谈到对弗洛伊德精神分析学的批判吸收、对马克思人本思想的继承与阐发以及对法兰克福学派批判理论的运用与发展,现实背景与发展轨迹则是从弗洛姆个人一生的特殊经历和生活的时代背景进行阐述。第二部分考察弗洛姆人本主义思想的主要内容。按照基本理论是对人性的探究来阐释他的人性理论;核心思想是对>人的困境<问题分析,即人陷入异化状态如何走出生存困境;理论归旨围绕健全社会的的探索来展开论述。第三部分是把弗洛姆的人本主义思想分别与法兰克福学派、精神分析学派代表人物及马克思的人本理论进行比较分析,通过对研究基点、研究的方法论以及解决路径等方面来总结弗洛姆人本主义思想的特质。第四部分是坚持客观辩证角度分析弗洛姆人本主义思想的价值和局限性以及对当代社会的启示。一方面肯定了弗洛姆的人本主义思想深化了对人性问题的认识,为资本主义社会的研究提供了新视角;另一方面也指出他的思想自身存在的局限性诸如在人性问题探讨上存在矛盾性、消除异化的道路缺乏有效性等。但是不可否认的是,对于构建和谐社会,打造人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐相处的社会,弗洛姆的理论仍然具有深刻的理论价值和现实意义,值得借鉴。 N2 - As a representative of humanism thinkers, Erich Fromm has been thinking and analyzing human problems all his life. Through the study and reflection of Freud, Marx and Frankfurt School theory, they have inherited and developed theories and opinions about human problems. Fromm gradually formed his own humanistic ideology.– This article mainly carries on the analysis to Fromm’s humanism thought, altogether divides into four parts. The first part examines the formation and development of Erich Fromm’s humanism. Mainly from two aspects of theory origin and realistic background, carding and analysis theory of the origin mainly talked about the critical absorption of Freud’s psychoanalysis, a new interpretation of Marx’s humanistic thought and inheritance of the Frankfurt school critical theory development, realistic background is from Fromm’s special personal life experiences and elaborates the time background of life.– The second part examines the main content of Fromm’s humanism. According to the basic theory is to explore the human nature to explain his theory of human nature; The core idea is the analysis of the >human survival dilemma<, that is, how to get out of the human survival dilemma in the state of alienation; The aim of the theory revolves around the exploration of a sound society.– The third part is to compare and analyze Fromm’s humanistic thought with Frankfurt school, the representative of psychoanalysis school and Marx’s humanistic theory, and summarize the characteristics of Fromm’s humanistic thought from the aspects of research basis, research methodology and solution path.– The fourth part analyzes the value and limitation of Fromm’s humanism and its enlightenment to the contemporary society from the perspective of objective dialectics. On the one hand, it affirms that Fromm’s humanistic thought deepens the understanding of human nature and provides a new perspective for the study of capitalist society. On the other hand, it also points out the limitations of his thoughts, such as the contradiction in the discussion of human nature and the lack of effectiveness of the road to eliminate alienation. However, it is undeniable that for the construction of a harmonious society and the creation of a society where people, people and nature, and people and society live in harmony, Fromm’s theory still has profound theoretical and practical significance and is worth learning. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Yan T1 - The Way Back to the Freedom of Human Beings – Based on Fromm’s Escape from Freedom Theory [人的自由复归之路 – 基于弗洛姆的逃避自由理论] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院学报], No. 7 (2016), pp. 12-15. N2 - 自由是人类永恒的话题。人们渴望自由,找寻自由,但也在追逐的过程中迷失自我,逃避自由。这就是现代人所面临的生存困境。文章以弗洛姆的逃避自由心理机制为基础,探讨了人对自由的找寻与逃避,最后尝试着以不同的视角分析人类重获自由的途径,并得出相应的启示。 N2 - Freedom is a permanent topic for man. People desire and search for freedom, but they also get lost in the process of pursuing it or escape from it. This makes a dilemma for modern people. Based on Fromm’s escape from freedom theory, people’s behavior of pursuing for and escaping from freedom is analyzed. The approaches that may work for people to win freedom again are analyzed from various perspectives. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Yan T1 - An Interpretation of Jack London’s >Sea-wolf< 杰克•伦敦《海狼》的异化解读 [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - The Guide of Science & Education 科教导刊(上旬刊), No. 12 (2016), pp. 156-157. N2 - 《海狼》是美国自然主义作家杰克•伦敦的代表作之一。自出版以来便受到文学评论家的青睐,可是其中的异化思想却鲜有人问津。本文基于马克思与弗洛姆的异化理论,试图从人与客观世界的异化,人与人的异化以及人本身的异化这三个方面来对小说中的世界进行全面阐释,并指出作者提供的摆脱异化的两种方式。 N2 - The Sea-Wolf, one of Jack London’s representative works, has received heated discussions since publication. However, alienation thoughts in this book have barely been noticed. This paper intends to analyze the overall image of alienation in The Sea-Wolf from three aspects: alienation between man and the objective world, between man and man, and alienation of individual characters with the help of and Marx’s and Fromm’s alienation theories, and points out two ways London has intimated to restore from alienation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - The Dialectical Relationship between Happiness and Morality from the Perspective of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [论幸福与道德的辩证关系 - 以弗洛姆《爱的艺术》为视角], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 古希腊时期开始,幸福与道德的关系问题就一直受到哲学家们所关注,时至今日,随着消费主义的横行以及随之而来的全社会的幸福危机和道德危机的侵袭,幸福与道德的关系问题历久弥新,值得一再探讨。作为对当代幸福危机与道德危机的正面回应,我们首先必须正确认识幸福与道德的内涵及其关系。幸福不是作为纯粹感官愉悦的快乐,也不是完全个体的心灵愉悦的满足,幸福是作为使得人与人相紧密联系的现实的、实践的幸福而存在。道德同样不是空洞的道德口号和完全他律的道德规则,道德有其社会性,道德来源于社会,道德的健全依赖于社会的健全,不健全的社会下必然是不健全的人,而不健全的人必然是不健全的道德的怀揣者。幸福和道德有其内在的统一机制:即在社会中,在社会性的实现过程中,实现两者的统一。任何以二分的方式对幸福与道德进行断裂式的划分都是错误的,甚至是别有用心的。企图通过将幸福装饰成为可以通过消遣、消费而直接获得的感官与物质需求的满足,更是不道德的表现。所以打破幸福与道德两者的悖论关系不仅在理论上是必要的,在应对和改变社会现状方面更是尤为重要。弗洛姆《爱的艺术》这本书正是对试图打破幸福与道德相悖的现状所做的努力,试图通过爱的途径实现两者的内在统一性。弗洛姆笔下的>爱<不是软弱无力的个体之爱,弗洛姆的>爱<是苍劲有力、具有建设性的>爱<,是社会个体你我相连的现实之爱、实践之爱。用爱的理论贯通幸福与道德的联系,用爱的实践构建幸福的社会、道德的社会、爱的社会,不仅在理论上是可行的,在实践中更是具有至关重要的作用。 N2 - In ancient Greece, the relationship between happiness and morality has been increasingly a major concern. With the life being occupied by consumerism and the ethical crisis, the relationship of happiness and morality become a timeless legal issue, which has been added to more brand-new significations. As a positive response to contemporary moral crisis and crisis of happiness, we must correctly understand the connotation and relationship between happiness and morality firstly. Happiness is not the pleasure of pure sensual, nor the satisfaction of a purely spiritual pleasure of the individual, happiness is the existence of the reality, the practice of happiness, which is closely linked with people. Moral rule is not an empty slogan and the same moral heteronomy completely. Morality has its social, moral form the social, moral sound depends on social sound. Unsound society is not necessarily perfect, not perfect people is not necessarily a sound moral with them. There is an inherent unity between happiness and morality, which is to get the unity in society. It is immoral to try to decorate the happiness as the satisfaction of the senses and the material needs that can be obtained directly through recreation and consumption. Therefore, it is not only necessary to break the paradox between happiness and morality, but also to deal with and change the social situation. Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< is an attempt to break the status quo of happiness and morality in an attempt to achieve the inner unity of them. Fromm’s >love< is not a week and feeble individual love, it is vigorous and constructive, the love of practice which connected with reality. Using the theoretical love to link happiness and morality. Using the practical love to achieve the inner relationship. It is not only feasible in theory, but also plays an important role in practice. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fu, Yan T1 - Imaginary World, Illusory Happiness – >Brave New World< Frankfurt School’s Critical Perspective [虚幻的世界,虚假的幸福 - 法兰克福学派批判视角下的《美丽新世界》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The hidden danger in the modern society influences the living conditions of human beings and changes people's traditional belief and ideology. Huxley through his >Brave New World< in the thirties of last century presented to the readers today the horrible picture of the possible human world in the future: the sick, alienated and technology-oriented world. The story of Brave New World happens in the future but it is a novel about the present. Both Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm of the Frankfurt School focus their attention on the serious problems of Western society and the human conditions under it. Their critical theories explain and expose the latent danger and serious disease of the capitalist society, whose trace can just be found in Huxley's Brave New World. With the analysis of the novel Brave New World and the research on the present living conditions of human beings, the major aim of this dissertation is to prove that in order to obtain the real happiness rather than the illusory one given to the citizens in the novel, people living in the modern society need to seek their real identity and the essence of living. N2 - 现代社会存在着种种危机,时刻影响着人类的生存状态,改变着人类传统的观念和意识形态,而早在二十世纪30年代英国作家奥尔德斯•赫胥黎就通过他的小说《美丽新世界》向今天的读者展示了一幅可怕的未来社会的图景:一个以科技为唯一导向的社会,一个具有病态本质的社会,一个人类被完全异化的社会。《美丽新世界》描述的是未来的故事,但却是一部关注现代社会,关注当下人类处境的文学作品。法兰克福学派的马尔库塞和弗洛姆也把目光投向了西方社会严重的社会危机以及在其中生存的人类的处境和命运。他们的社会批判理论解释并揭露了资本主义社会潜在的危险和严重的社会问题,而这些恰巧可以在赫胥黎的小说《美丽新世界》中找到充分的证明。本文旨在通过对小说《美丽新世界》的研究以及对当下人类生存环境的分析,证明生活在现代社会的人们只有不断地寻求自我,寻求生命的意义才能获得真正的幸福,而非小说虚幻世界中的虚假幸福。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, E. A1 - Yan, Hongyuan T1 - Fromm's Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学] JF - World Philosophy [世界哲学], No. 4 (1981), pp. 8-14. N2 - 美国心理学家联合会提出了这样一项任务:把整体的人作为心理学家科学研究的对象,即研究人及人的先决条件、能力、目的、任务和生活的意义。道德问题是这种人道主义心理学的主要对象。因此,我们就可以来谈论人道主义伦理学了。E.弗洛姆就是人道主义伦理学的主要代表人物之一。弗洛姆认为,他研究的出发点是这样一个问题:我们世纪的人甚感不安全和心神不宁的 N2 - Federation of American psychologist, proposed such a task: the whole person as a psychologist scientific object, that is a prerequisite of the research and the people, the ability, the purpose, mission, and life significance. The moral issue is the main object of this humanitarian psychology. Therefore, since we can talk about humanitarian ethics. E. Fromm is one of the main representatives of humanitarian ethics. Fromm believes that his starting point for research is a problem: the people of our century, I am truly unsafe and jittery. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1981 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ji, Yan T1 - On Fromm's Consumer Alienation [论弗洛姆的消费异化观], Master thesis, Literature and Art, Qufu Normal University, Qufu and Rizhao, Shandong, China 2008. N2 - Nowadays the Chinese society presented one kind of new social group they are called the >new poor race<. The reason call them >poor< is that they earn much money, but actually they spend more; therefore, they do not have much money frequently. When they have money they spend much, when they do not have money they are penniless. They have rich wage, but is always waving the banner of poor. Before the time they get the income they have already planned how to spend. Although they earn money diligently, but do not really gain much money; they make an effort to spend money, actually spent too much. In brief, the >new poor race< fulfill the idea which is completely different from the basic characteristic Chinese tradition. They are the people who are dare to spend tomorrow’s money to make today’s dream come true. The essence of the >new poor race< is consumption alienation .Now in the society, the consumption alienation is more and more serious and give birth to too many social problems. The people live in the society spend too much money on the luxurious things, but in fact they do not need them. So actually they do not have the feeling of happiness and they always feel unsatisfied.– Erich•Fromm is the representative who tries to put the Marxism and Freud’s psychoanalysis together .He establishes the social character and social subconscious theories. Fromm uses his theories in analyzing the human’s alienation problem particularly in the consumption alienation problem. It is very useful for our Chinese to look at the consumption alienation problem nowadays. Today we use Erich•Fromm’s theory to analyze the phenomenon of China. It causes the people to be separated from the normal life demand, but has become the human survival one kind of unconsciousness, this kind of unconsciousness no longer is someone’s individual behavior, but have already developed to the behavior which all humanity have. We have to do much if we want to overcome the consumption alienation. First, we must strengthen one’s own moral training and the education, abandons the former, blind psychology, and advocated the industrious and thrifty ethics consumption consciousness and idea. Next, strengthen the consumer’s individual education, strengthen the consumer’s individual moral consciousness training, set up and form one kind correctly, establish one kind of global judgment, which with the world development with the breath, share a common fate and form one kind of whole world ecological environment ethics view. Once more, carry out the correct social guidance and the standard. So we all have the responsibilities to eliminate the consumption alienation. N2 - 当今中国社会出现了一种新的社会群体,他们被称之为>新贫族<。之所以称他们为>新贫族<,其中>贫<是指他们挣的钱不少但花的钱却是更多;他们经常没钱,经常借钱;有钱的时候挥金如土,没钱的时候便一贫如洗。他们有着丰厚的薪水,却打着>贫穷<的旗号,一笔钱还没有进帐时就已经规划好了它的用途。他们努力赚钱,却还没有真的赚到很多钱;用力花钱,却真的花了很多钱。>新贫族<的践行者与以>尚俭黜奢<为根本特征的中国传统消费观念有着完全不同的消费新主张:消费观念转向享受生活,消费心态追逐新潮和前卫,消费方式崇尚个性、品位,他们是敢于>花明天的钱,圆今天的梦<的一个群体。>新贫族<的出现实质上就是消费异化。消费异化是当今社会存在的突出问题,其实质就是人们不考虑实际情况而盲目狂热地追求高消费、超前消费,但他们是空虚的、不幸福的、也是没有满足感的,他们追求的只是动物性的物质需求,而人的心理性的精神需求是得不到满足的,或者说得到的满足只是虚假的、错误的。消费异化给社会带来的危害是巨大的,对人类消费异化问题剖析得比较透彻的是西方马克思主义的杰出人物埃里希•弗洛姆,他努力把马克思的思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说结合起来,即以精神分析的深层心理动力为本,融合进去马克思的社会学说和所谓的人道主义的传统,因此他创建了>社会性格<和>社会潜意识<理论,并把他的理论用于剖析人的异化问题尤其是消费异化问题,对此进行激烈的、深刻的揭露和批判。在弗洛姆看来>异化<是一种心理体验、感受,甚至是对某一社会现象所作出的病态性的心理反映,而不是与某种特定的社会生活过程相联系的一种特定的社会现象,于是异化就具有了在任何历史时期与任何生活领域中,对社会生活中的任何人来说都有可能是普遍存在和拥有的特质。运用弗洛姆的消费异化理论剖析中国人的消费心理,它使人们脱离了正常的生活需求,而成为人类生存的一种无意识,这种无意识不再是某个人的个别行为,而发展成全体人类普遍具有的性格,所以弗洛姆的消费异化理论对当今中国具有重大的现实意义。而克服异化,使人性得到复归势在必行。克服消费异化首先,要加强自身的道德修养,摒弃以往的盲目、冲动的消费心理,提倡勤俭节约的伦理消费意识和观念。其次,必须加强对消费者个体的教育,加强消费者个体的道德意识修养,树立和形成一种正确的、良好的价值观,建立一种全球眼光,与世界发展同呼吸、共命运,形成一种全球生态环境伦理观。再次,必须进行正确的社会引导和规范,树立良好、健康的消费风气。克服、消除消费异化任重而道远,所以,今天我们要牢固树立这种意识,做好准备,为了更加美好的明天而坚持拼搏。 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yurong A1 - Li, Wenting T1 - On E. Fromm’s Moral Choice Psychological Theory [弗洛姆的道德选择心理理论] JF - Journal of Jiangxi Blue Sky University [江西科技学院学报], No. 4 (2009), pp. 94-96. N2 - American social philosopher and psychoanalyst E. Fromm discourses on the moral choice theory from the psychological angle. He is, on one hand, against the conventional freedom of will; and on the other hand, disagrees with determinism. According to his theory, as long as people are aware of the unconscious forces behind behaviors, they can obtain the choosing ability so that the causal sequence in the process of development can be altered. He profoundly analyses the decisive factors and psychological process that influence moral choices, making a great contribution to the theoretical construction and development of moral choice theories. Meanwhile, his theory also gives important enlightenment to people's moral choice behaviors in reality. N2 - 美国社会哲学家、精神分析学家弗洛姆从心理学的层面对道德选择理论进行了论述。他既反对传统的意志自由论,也不赞同决定论。他认为,只要意识到了行为背后的无意识力量,人就可以获得选择的能力,从而改变事情发展过程中的因果关系。他深入分析了影响道德选择的决定因素与心理过程,对于道德选择理论建设与发展做出了重大贡献;同时,对于我们分析、理解现实中人们的道德选择行为也有着重要的启示。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yurong A1 - Li, Wenting T1 - Fromm's Moral Selection Theory [弗洛姆的道德选择心理理论] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 10 (2010), pp. 34-37. N2 - Erich Fromm, an American philosopher, psychoanalyst, expounded the moral selection theory from the perspective of psychology. He neither agrees on the traditional free will theory, nor determinism. He believes that man will have the capacity of choosing as soon as they are aware of the unconscious power behind the action and the relation of cause and effect may be changed. He deeply analyzed the factors and psychological process affecting moral selection, which contributing to the development of this theory. This also enlightens us to analyze and understand people's behavior of moral selection in real life. N2 - 美国社会哲学家、精神分析学家弗洛姆从心理学的层面对道德选择理论进行论述。他既反对传统的意志自由论,也不赞同决定论。他认为,只要意识到了行为背后的无意识力量,人就可以获得选择的能力,从而改变事情发展过程中的因果关系。他深入分析了影响道德选择决定因素与心理过程,对于道德选择理论建设与发展做出重大贡献,同时对于我们分析、理解现实中人们的道德选择行为也有着重要的启示。 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Fangjie A1 - Song, Dexiao T1 - Alienation of Consumption and Its Humanistic Salvation – Interpretation of Fromm’s Consumer Alienation Theory [异化消费及其人道主义救赎——弗洛姆消费异化理论之解读] JF - Theory and Modernization [理论与现代化], No. 2 (2008), pp. 86-89. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义是一个消费异化的社会。人们与所消费的物品间失去了真实、本质的联系,走向抽象化、空洞化;消费由手段变为目的本身,成为被迫的、非理性的目标;人们在异化消费中失去主动性、创造性和快乐。这种病态的消费心态建立在重占有的生存方式基础上,他倡导建立健康、人道的消费行为。弗洛姆对消费社会的批判具有深刻的理论背景和现实意义;然而其对异化、人性等概念理解并非完全科学的,对消费异化的批判也带有浓厚的人道主义和主观主义色彩。 N2 - Fromm believes that modern capitalism is a consumer alienation of society. People consume goods and lost between real and intrinsically linked, toward abstraction, hollowed out; consumption by the means becomes an end in itself, become forced, irrational goals; alienation of people in the consumer loses initiative and creativity and happy. This morbid consumer mentality built on the basis of re-possession of the way of life, he advocated the establishment of healthy and humane consumer behavior. Fromm's critique of consumer society has profound theoretical background and practical significance; however its alienation, human understanding of such concepts are not entirely scientific critique of alienation on the consumer with a strong humanitarian and subjectivism colors. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Guohong A1 - Gao, Ximing T1 - On Fromm’s Social Theory of the Subconscious – Similarities and Differences of the Social and Psychological Thinking of Marx [论弗洛姆社会潜意识理论与马克思社会心理思想的异同] JF - Fujian Tribune (The Humanities & Social Sciences Monthly) [福建论坛(人文社会科学版)], No. 7 (2012), pp. 49-54. N2 - 弗洛姆在结合马克思社会发展理论与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说的基础上建立了>社会潜意识<理论体系。社会潜意识理论在社会意识的依赖性、社会性、整体性以及研究方法等方面与马克思社会心理思想具有同质性,在指称范围、主要功能、研究切入点、思想内涵以及理论归宿等方面存在着差异性,通过两者的对比分析,将有利于增强对马克思社会心理思想本质的理解,从而为营造和谐的社会心态氛围提供理论指导。 N2 - Fromm the combined Marxist theory of social development and Freud's theory of psychoanalysis based on >the social subconscious< theoretical system. Homogeneous social theory of the subconscious in the dependence of the social consciousness, social, holistic and research methods and Marxist social psychological thinking of the alleged scope of the main function, the entry point for ideological connotations and theoretical end-result, the differences by the comparative analysis of the two, there will be conducive to enhancing understanding of the ideological essence of Marxist social psychology to provide theoretical guidance, so as to create a harmonious atmosphere of social mentality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Hua T1 - Harmony of Healthful Social Psychology and Human Return Talk about the Contemporary Significance of Fromm's Thought [健康的社会心态与人性回归的和谐——论弗洛姆思想的当代意义] JF - Journal of Liaoning Educational Administration Institute [辽宁教育行政学院学报], No.1, (2012), pp. 15-17. N2 - In the mid 20th century, Fromm reviewed capitalist society from the human perspective. He found the imbalance of mental behind the bustling, criticized the inadequate social, analyzed destruction of human nature and proposed solutions. He stressed social influence on mental health and believed that the individual’s mental health was closely associated with social soundness. From the development of modern capitalist society, Fromm realized that only production and consumption-centered society would inevitably lead to spiritual pathological. He proposed with confidence that only sound social, that is people-centered social, would truly achieve harmonious and sustainable development. Today, Fromm, ideas still have a deep sense of reference and inspiration to the survival and development of both the individual and society, of both China and the world. N2 - 20世纪中期,弗洛姆从人性的角度出发,透视资本主义社会繁华背后的精神失衡状况,批判了资本主义社会的不健全,分析了病态社会对人性的摧残并提出了解决问题的办法。他强调社会对精神健康的影响作用,认为个体的心理是否健康与社会是否健全密切相关;他从现代资本主义社会的发展中透视出当社会发展只以生产和消费为中心时必然导致精神层面的病态;他非常自信地提出只有健全的社会即以人为中心的社会才会真正实现和谐与可持续发展。如今,弗洛姆的这些思想无论对个人还是社会,对中国还是世界的生存发展都依然有深刻的借鉴和启示意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Shanming T1 - Possession and Integration – The Book >To Have or To Be< [《占有与融入》读后] JF - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry [临床精神医学杂志], No. 2 (1996), pp. 119-121. N2 - 艾立希•弗鲁木(Erich Fromm,1900~1980)生于德国,曾研读于海德堡、慕尼黑及柏林,1932年离德,执教于墨西哥,以后定居美国,属于病理心理方面的世界级学者和思想家。《To Have or To Be》是其晚年(1976)的著作,该书我未见中译本。>占有与融入<这 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900 - 1980) was born in Germany, has been studying in Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin from Germany in 1932, taught at Mexico, and later settled in the United States, belongs to the pathological psychological aspects of world-class scholars and thinkers. >To Have or To Be< is the writings of the later years (1976), the book I saw no Chinese translation. >The possession and integrate into< this […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Xiuping T1 - On the Life of Wang Xifeng and Cao Qiqiao Misunderstanding [论王熙凤与曹七巧的人生误区] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Hulan Teachers College [呼兰师专学报], No. 3 (2000), pp. 46-51. N2 - 本文论述了王熙凤和曹七巧在金钱和性欲两方面的强烈欲望及其种种表现,指出她们都是被欲望异化的奴隶。本文还依据德国心理学家弗洛姆的性格理论分析了王熙凤的>剥削心向>与曹七巧的<囤积心向<及其带来的危害,并且指出是黑暗的封建社会造成了她们害人害己的病态性格。 N2 - This article discusses of Wang Xifeng and Cao Qiqiao, in both money and libido strong desire and its various manifestations, and pointed out that they are slaves of lust alienation. The article also analyzed according to German psychologist Erich Fromm's personality theory the of Wang Xifeng >exploitation yearned Cao Qiqiao hoard yearned< the harm, and pointed out that the dark feudal society caused them harm morbid personality of its own. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yurong T1 - On the Utopian Nature of Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [试论弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的乌托邦性质] JF - Journal of Huaibei Huaibei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) [淮北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)] , No. 3 (2008), pp. 50-53. N2 - 弗洛姆从社会批判的角度,揭示>人的异化<的根源在于社会伦理道德体系中的问题。他认为以往社会都奉行的是权威主义伦理学。弗洛姆要求在人性的基础上建立一种人道主义伦理学。正确认识人性、人的本质,以便知道什么对人来说是善或不善,是他整个理论体系的前提与关键所在。而要正确认识人的本质,不能从>社会的人<出发,只能在无意识领域中去寻找,因为作为>社会的人<不是>普遍的人<、>完整的人<。由于这种>普遍的人<、>完整的人<只是弗洛姆从心理学和人类学的角度假想的人,因此弗洛姆的人道主义伦理体系也难脱乌托邦的窠臼。 N2 - Fromm reveals the >alienation< from the perspective of social criticism, rooted in the system of social ethics. He thinks the community pursued authoritarianism ethics. Fromm’s requirements of humanity on the basis of the establishment of a humanitarian ethics. Correct understanding of the essence of human nature, people, in order to know what is good or poor people, is the premise of his entire theoretical system with key. To correct understanding of the essence of man, cannot proceed from the people of the community, only to find in the unconscious field as >society< is not >universal<, >complete<. Due to this >common people<, >complete< just Fromm, from the point of view of psychology and anthropology imaginary the Fromm humanitarian ethical system also impunity for their utopian stereotype. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yurong T1 - Character and Moral Judgement – Review of Fromm's Humanistic Ethics and Moral Judgement Theory [弗洛姆价值判断理论述评] JF - Journal of Mudanjiang Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [牡丹江师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 1 (2009), pp. 126-128. N2 - Fromm as a contemporary people of the Ethics home,the new representative of Freud, Freud’s critically dynamic character development based on the theory of constructing a humanitarian Ethics value judgement theory. Fromm thinks of a person’s moral character rooted in the people, who are in the formation and development of the personality is not free, but the reason and conscience can still help us to find effective and objective judgement on the value of the standard. Therefore, we are moral judgement, should be more understanding and equality, we should not regard themselves as a moral >judges<, it is very harmful. Fromm these views for us in the modern multi-cultural society, how to deal with different values have some enlightenment. N2 - 弗洛姆作为当代人本主义伦理学家、新弗洛伊德主义的代表人物,在批判地发展弗洛伊德动力性格理论的基础上,建构了人道主义伦理学的价值判断理论。弗洛姆认为一个人的道德特性根植于人的性格,人虽然在性格形成与发展中不是自由的,但理性与良知仍然可以帮助我们找到关于价值判断的客观有效的标准。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Yurong T1 - On Fromm's Humanistic Religious View [ 试论弗罗姆人本主义宗教观] JF - Journal of Chengdu College [ 四川教育学院学报], No. 10 (2010), pp. 51-53, 59. N2 - Fromm is one of the first psychologists studying the phenomenon of religion from the psychological view, and his study has many unique features. He criticized the authoritative religion and expounded the humanistic religion from multi angles. He also regarded humanistic religion as an important way to achieve a sound society. Fromm’s humanistic religious view is an integral part of his whole thought system. Although his thought is not always the truth, it can provide a new understanding about region and some inspiration of the relationship of China’s traditional culture, western religion and Marxism. N2 - 弗罗姆是最早从心理学层面来分析宗教现象的心理学家之一,对宗教的研究有许多独特之处。他批判权威主义宗教观,从多角度论述人本主义宗教观,并将其作为在精神文化层面上实现健全社会的重要途径之一。弗罗姆的人本主义宗教观是其整个思想体系的有机组成部分,尽管其理论内容并非都是真理,但却可以为我们提供认识宗教现象的新视角。对我国现阶段如何正确处理传统文化与西方宗教思想、马克思主义精神信仰之间的关系,也有着一定的启示。 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Yan T1 - Fromm’s >Escape Mechanism< [略晰弗洛姆的>逃避机制<] N2 - 逃避机制作为一种心理机制形式,其概念涉及的是潜意识,并通过理性化和性格特质的方式表现出来,是作为精神及心理分析家的弗洛姆在研究自由对现代人的含义的基础上提出来的,本文从逃避机制的产生,内容及解决途径方面阐述自由对现代人的影响。 N2 - Escape mechanism as a form of psychological mechanism, the concept involves the subconscious, and through rational manner and personality traits manifested as a spiritual and psychological research analysts Fromm freedom of the modern proposed on the basis of meaning, this paper produced escape mechanisms, content and Solutions expounds influence on modern liberty. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Yan A1 - Wu, Deqin T1 - Truly Free to Choose a Real Life – The Fromm Survival Thinking in Association with his Concept of Freedom [真正自由地选择真正的生活——弗洛姆的生存思想与自由观的关联分析] JF - Theory Journal [理论学刊], No. 5 (2010), pp. 75-78. N2 - 弗洛姆对于人类生存现状的忧虑能够给予我们当今社会的发展一定的借鉴和警示;他从人的>占有<和>生存<角度来理解生存方式,对我们很有启发性。同时,他的自由观也在人类对自由的探索道路上留下了深刻的一笔,值得我们用心感悟。他的自由概念包含着两种不同的自由,即>消极自由<和>积极自由<。而且,这两种不同的自由指向与其生存思想中>重占有的生存方式<和>重生存的生存方式<间有着很微妙的关联和相通之处,能够引导我们探寻真正自由地选择真正生活的可行之道。只有在马克思主义的视野下理解弗洛姆的生存、自由思想才能显示出其真理性价值。 N2 - Fromm concerns for human survival status can give reference to the development of our society today and warning; he understood from the perspective of >possession< and >survival< survival mode, very enlightening for us. At the same time, his concept of freedom also left a deep human freedom to explore road sum, worthy of our intentions sentiment. His concept of freedom contains two different kinds of freedom, namely the >negative freedom< and >positive freedom<. Moreover, two different free points to their survival way of life re-occupy the thoughts and the way of life of the >survival< has a very subtle association and similarities, can guide us to explore truly free to choose real life be of help. Only in Marxist Perspective understand Fromm survival, freedom of thought in order to show its truth value. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Fangjie T1 - Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆关于人的异化理论评析] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 9 (2007), pp. 36-38. N2 - 弗洛姆从人的本质及异化的角度阐述了对马克思主义哲学的理解。他认为,异化是人的主观体验和感受,是对生产性潜能这一人的本质的否定;社会主义是对人的异化的扬弃;当今资本主义社会中每一个人都是异化的。在对道德和资本主义现实批判的意义上,弗洛姆的异化理论具有一定程度的积极意义。然而,他对马克思关于人的本质及异化的理解是片面的,有意割裂了马克思主义的整体发展进程;由于自身的理论局限性,他关于这一问题的论述存在许多不正确的地方。 N2 - Fromm, from the point of view of human nature and the alienation elaborate understanding of Marxist philosophy. In his view, of alienation is a subjective experience and feelings of the people is the negation of the essence of the productive potential; socialism is the sublation of alienation; everyone in today's capitalist society is alienation. Fromm's theory of alienation in the sense of morality and reality of capitalist critique, with a certain degree of positive significance. However, his understanding of the essence and alienation Marx is one-sided, intentionally fragmented the overall development process of Marxism; limitations due to their own theory, his discourse on this issue there are many incorrect place. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Yan T1 - The Frommian Survival Thought – Revelation on the Social Construction of China's Transition Period [弗洛姆的生存思想对我国转型时期社会建设的启示] JF - Forward Position [前沿], No. 12 (2008), pp. 48-50. N2 - 本文以弗洛姆深刻的生存思想为研究对象,力图用全面、系统、理性的视角对弗洛姆的生存哲学进行系统的分析探讨。从对重生存的生存目的及其理论意义的分析角度出发,指出弗洛姆生存思想对我国转型时期社会建设的有益启示,更试图与科学发展观联系起来,挖掘其思想与科学发展观内核的相通之处,积极推动和谐社会的构建。 N2 - Fromm profoundly survival thinking as the research object, trying to use a comprehensive, systematic, rational perspective on the philosophy of survival of the Fromm system analysis explore. Angle of departure from the analysis of the heavy survival survive purpose and its theoretical significance, pointing out that the Fromm survival useful enlightenment thinking on the social construction of China's transition period, but also tried to link up with the scientific concept of development, mining their thoughts with the scientific concept of development kernel in common, and actively promote the construction of a harmonious society. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Can T1 - Alienation and Redemption of Human Nature of Seamstress in Mary Barton and Ruth [《玛丽•巴顿》和《露丝》中女裁缝的人性异化与救赎], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2013. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 伊丽莎白•盖斯凯尔夫人(1810-1865)是十九世纪中叶英国重要的现实主义小说家。她的作品题材广泛,思想深刻,引起了评论界的广泛关注。评论家们对她作品中所呈现的劳资矛盾、伦理道德、人道主义关怀尤为关注,却较少涉及人性异化问题。美国著名心理学家埃里希•弗洛姆提出了>人性异化说<。他认为异化是人的精神和心理的一种体验过程,即在资本主义社会政治和经济因素影响下,人的某种生理和心理需要会发生改变,使人性产生异化。同时弗洛姆希望用爱与宽容来消除人性异化,从而建立一个人道主义公有制社会。弗洛姆的这一学说为解读盖斯凯尔夫人在其小说中所体现的人性异化与救赎问题提供了理论基础和研究视角。借助弗洛姆的>人性异化<理论,本文旨在通过对盖斯凯尔夫人小说《玛丽•巴顿》与《露丝》中女裁缝玛丽•巴顿和露丝人性异化与救赎的分析,揭示出盖斯凯尔夫人对资本主义剥削制度与传统道德观念的批判与反思,进而呈现出她以爱与宽容为基点的人性关怀。第一章介绍了女裁缝人性的异化。面对十九世纪传统的父权制度所带来的压迫和束缚以及女裁缝个体化进程中所带来的孤独感和无能为力感,玛丽和露丝通过追求虚幻的爱情以及无奈地认可自己是罪恶的源泉的异化方式在社会中生存。第二章分析了女裁缝对人性异化的逃避。玛丽和露丝试图通过在家庭生活中努力扮演贤妻良母形象以及在工作中忘我的工作来逃避完全异化的生活状况,从而回归自我。第三章分析了女裁缝玛丽和露丝人性异化的救赎。玛丽勇敢地找寻真爱并建立了和谐的家园;露丝不惜付出生命照顾曾经遗弃她的人们,从而获得了人们的尊重以及全社会的赞颂。她们用大爱与宽容让她们重获新生。本文通过对女裁缝人性的异化与救赎的描写,表达了盖斯凯尔夫人在资本主义社会实施人道主义的美好愿望,同时契合了现代社会的和谐理论。 N2 - Elizabeth Gaskell(1810 – 1865)is an important realistic novelist in England during the mid-nineteenth century. Her works cover a wide range of subjects and profound thoughts, which attract the great attention from domestic and overseas critics, especially the issues like the contradiction of the capital and the labor, humanitarian care and ethical problem in her works. However, less attention has been paid to the problem of alienation of human nature. - The famous American psychologist Erich Fromm puts forward the theory of >alienation of human nature<. He thinks that alienation is the experiential process of human’s spirit and mentality. It means that human’s certain physiology and psychology start to change under the political and economic factors of capitalist society, then which lead to the alienation of human nature. While Fromm hopes that the alienation of human nature could be eliminated by love and tolerance, thus establishing a humanitarian public ownership society. Fromm’s >alienation of human nature< provides theoretical basis and prospective to study the alienation and redemption of human nature which embody in Gaskell’s novels Mary Barton and Ruth . With Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature, the thesis pays attention to the analysis of the seamstresses Mary Barton and Ruth’s alienation and redemption of human nature in Mrs. Gaskell’s novels Mary Barton and Ruth. It explores Mrs. Gaskell’s reflection and critique towards the exploitation of capitalist system and traditional moral concept, and further reveals Gaskell’s view of humanism which base on love and tolerance. - Chapter one introduces alienation of seamstress’s human nature. Facing the oppression and bondage of the traditional patriarchal social system in nineteenth century and the feeling of loneliness and helplessness in the process of women’s individualization, Mary and Ruth take the alienated ways of pursuing fanciful love and accepting hopeless thought of being a sinful origin in people’s eyes to live.– The second chapter analyzes seamstresses Mary and Ruth escape from alienation of human nature. They try to escape the completely alienated life through acting as a good woman in the family and engaging them¬selves in work, thus they could return themselves to the society.– Chapter three examines the redemption of seamstress’s alienation of human nature. Mary Barton finds her true love bravely and builds up a harmonious home and Ruth gains the respect from the society for paying her life by taking care of the people who once abandoned her. The seamstresses regenerate themselves by the way of the love and tolerance.– The thesis expresses Mrs. Gaskell’s wish to put humanism into force in capitalist society and aligns well with the harmonious ideas of modern society through the elaboration of the alienation and redemption of human nature of seamstresses. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Shuaixian A1 - Wang, Mingxu T1 - People Learn from Fromm Theory – Cadets Psychological Adjustment Problems as an Example [从弗洛姆人学理论看军校新学员心理适应问题] JF - Spiritual Leaders [赤子(上中旬)], No. 1 (2015), p. 108. N2 - 弗洛姆对人学理论的研究,是在弗洛伊德精神分析学和马克思有关人的学说基础上形成,集中地体现了人是社会属性的最好反馈:即人在社会中的特征、社会对人的影响、回报社会的途径。本文选取军校新学员这一特殊主体,以历史唯物主义的角度围绕人的社会属性,从新学员成长环境、价值观念、个体欲望、个体能力等方面,对其心理适应问题展开分析,帮助其尽快找寻调整心态的方法。 N2 - Study on human Fromm's theory, is formed in the Freudian psychoanalysis and theories about people on the basis of Marxism, concentrated expression of the people is the best feedback social attributes: the people community features, the impact on human society and social returns way. This paper selects the Cadets this particular subject, with the perspective of historical materialism around the social attributes, new aspects of student growth environment, values, individual desire and individual capacity, to analyze their psychological adjustment problems, help them find as soon as possible attitude adjustment method. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yan T1 - Fromm’s Ethics Review [弗洛姆人本主义伦理学述评] JF - Academic Monthly [学术月刊], No. 7 (1986), pp. 30-35. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)系当代西方一位著名的心理分析学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一。他毕生致力于有关人的问题探索,特别是对当代资本主义社会中人的问题进行研究,写下了许多重要著作,对当代西方世界青年一代产生了很大的影响。人本主义伦理学就是他整个学说中的一个重要组成部分。弗洛姆的人本主义伦理学,正如他本人所说,是把人以及人的发展、完善、尊严和自由放在中心位置上的一种思想体系;它强调人本身就是目的,而不是手段;它所信奉的准则是:一切伦理规范的确立都必须以对人本身的认识为依据。弗洛姆试图恢复人在整个价值体系中的地位和尊严,无疑具有一定的合理因素,但他把对人性的认识看作是确立伦理规范的唯一标准,而忽略了社会经济基础对道德的决定性作用,这就使得他的许多观点带有很大的局限性。本文试图对弗洛姆的伦理思想进行一些考察。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980), Department of Contemporary Western a famous psychological analysis of sociologists, philosophers and sociologists, and also the Frankfurt School's principal representative of one. He devoted his life to the problems of the people concerned to explore, especially for human research in contemporary capitalist society, wrote many important works, had a great influence on the Contemporary Western world youth generation. Humanistic ethics is an important part of his whole doctrine. Fromm's humanistic ethics, as he himself has said, is the development of the people as well as people, perfect, dignity and freedom in a central location on a system of thought; It emphasizes human purpose, rather than a means of; criteria that it believes in: all established ethical norms must be based on human understanding. Fromm trying to restore the status and dignity of the people in the whole value system, undoubtedly has a certain reasonable factors, but his understanding of human nature as the sole criterion for establishing a code of ethics, while ignoring the social and economic infrastructure decisive moral role, which makes many of his views with a lot of limitations. This paper attempts to Fromm ethical thinking some visits. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Yan T1 - Depersonalization on Internet from Psychological Perspective – From Fromm to Rollo May JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 2 (2009), pp. 28-31. N2 - Depersonalization in a community group is the research subject of socio-psychology. With the popularity of Internet, in recent years, people give up their personality in the Internet context. Although this phenomenon attracts more attention, there is less theoretical discussion. In fact, Fromm (psycho-analysis) and Rollo May (humanism) have discussed the cause such phenomenon from personality perspective. Based on their theory, the personality dive for depersonality is discussed in this paper. N2 - 群体范围内的个体去个性化现象,是社会心理学的一项研究内容。近年来,随着网络的普及,网络情境中去个性化现象引起了人们的重视,但对这种新兴现象存在的理论基础很少有述及。其实,在精神分析的弗洛姆到人本主义的罗洛梅两位心理学家的理论体系中,都从人格角度对去个性化的原因进行过探讨,文章试图整合两位心理学家的思想,从理论角度去思考网络去个性化的人格动力。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ni, Yang A1 - Ji, Yan T1 - Chinese Consumer Alienation at the Crossing Point of Marx and Freud [站在马克思和弗洛伊德的交叉点上看中国的消费异化问题] JF - Journal of Language and Literature Studies [语文学刊], No. 22 (2007), pp. 76-79. N2 - 弗洛姆作为努力尝试着把马克思主义与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说结合起来的代表,他创建了社会性格和社会潜意识理论。弗洛姆把他的理论用于剖析人的异化问题尤其是消费异化问题,这对我们看待中国当今社会的消费异化有着积极的指导意义。 N2 - Fromm as efforts to try to put the theory of Marxism and Freudian psychoanalysis to combine representative, he created a social character and social theory of the subconscious. Fromm put his theory to the analysis of human alienation, especially consumer alienation, which we view China's consumer alienation in today's society has a positive significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - Study on Fromm's Consumption Alienation Thought [弗洛姆异化消费思想研究], Master thesis, Philosophy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China 2021. N2 - Fromm is the representative figure of Western Marxism, is the international famous psychoanalysis humanism philosophers and psychologists Fromm based on humanism, chose cross perspective of philosophy, psychology, puts forward the unique analytical humanistic issues on human nature, he will be the macroscopic theory of Marxism and psychoanalysis of microscopic method, develop the research on the study of Marxist philosophy. Fromm proposed digestion of consumption alienation method, as well as consumption alienation research has important reference value for future generations. This article through three chapters to Fromm’s consumption alienation thought systematically in this paper, the first chapter elaborated Fromm’s consumption alienation thought source of social and cultural background and theoretical knowledge, Fromm’s rise in a consumer society disadvantages of capitalism appeared era, the development of people is faced with many grave problems In such a background, people gradually enveloped in content, is controlled by things Fromm actively seek to eliminate consumption alienation more advice on how to build a sound society. He absorbed Marx, Lukács, Marcuse’s theory of alienation to put forward his own theory of alienation of consumption. The second chapter is the main body of this paper, discusses from five sections, the first is Fromm definition of consumption alienation, in Fromm’s view, consumption alienation refers to the consumer in the consumer behavior, loss of subjectivity, consumption from means become purposes. The second is for researches in the cause of alienation spending, Fromm’s think that the emergence of consumption alienation has internal and external two aspects Internal cause is the person to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, and the external cause is the pursuit of capital logic of capitalism, when value become capitalists focus, and the goods was abstracted into things. A third is Fromm the hazard analysis on consumption alienation Fromm’s thought consumption alienation will bring freedom illusion and false happiness can make a real loss of consumption experience can make the human to dry up four is Fromm to eliminate consumption alienation idea, he thought that if you want to build a healthy social, psychological and society as a whole to change simultaneously. From the psychological changes, Fromm’s claim to adhere to the survival way of life, to establish the productive character In terms of social change, Fromm advocated to the whole capitalist society economic, political and cultural change Fromm believed that as long as individuals and society worked together to reform, good results would be achieved. Five is the analysis of the value of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory, the theory has its rationality and limitations of anyone, Fromm’s consumption alienation idea is no exception Its superiority lies in the expanded the Marx’s theory of alienation, is on Marx inherited the spirit of the age, in addition, Fromm’s theory of man’s subjective spirit also attaches great importance to, but still cannot cover the defect of its theory, which has a dream. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Huaizheng A1 - Tan, Yan T1 - Fromm’s Critique of the Having-oriented Culture and Its Contemporary Value [弗洛姆对“重占有”文化的批判及其时代价值] JF - Journal of Mudanjiang University, No. 7 (2023), pp. 17-22. N2 - Fromm points out in his theory of living mode that the having-oriented culture is caused by the market-oriented social character and it manifests itself as the abstraction of social culture, the unhindered desire and the utilitarianism of education. Fromm’s Critique of the having-oriented culture has offered us great inspiration with respect to the construction of socialist culture in China in the new era that we must uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, build cultural confidence and strength, and promote the development of socialist spiritual civilization. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 8/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Anqi A1 - Liang, Yan T1 - An Interpretation of >Atonement< from Fromm's Theory of Alienation [从弗洛姆的异化理论解读《赎罪》] JF - English Square [英语广场] No. 6 (2022), pp. 61-63. N2 - 《赎罪》是英国作家伊恩·麦克尤恩创作的一部长篇小说。小说描述了主人公布里奥妮因为感情上的挫折而做出伪证,造成了一生难以挽回的后果的故事。本文通过结合弗洛姆异化理论下的自我异化和人际关系异化角度,围绕>赎罪<这一主题,分析布里奥妮犯下滔天罪过的原因。 N2 - Atonement is a long novel written by the English writer Ian McEwan. The novel describes the story of Briony, the main character, who commits perjury because of her emotional frustration, resulting in irreversible consequences for her life. This paper analyzes the reasons for Briony's heinous sin by combining the perspectives of self-alienation and interpersonal alienation under Fromm's alienation theory, and focusing on the theme of >atonement<. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yue A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - On the Phenomenon of >Buddhism< among College Students Based on Fromm’s Theory of >Escape from Freedom< [从弗洛姆>逃避自由<谈大学生>佛系<现象] JF - Journal of Beijing City University, No. 1 (2023), pp. 65-69. N2 - The >Buddhist< culture itself, as a subculture, is usually characterized by the coexistence of rationality and sensibility and the coexistence of aggressiveness and anxiety. The choice of “Buddhist” life for college students is an escape to a certain extent. They leave their families and come to a relatively free university. A sense of loneliness and powerlessness is generated, which leads them to defend themselves to relieve pressure, thus the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom< appears. However, there is a certain pragmatism while escaping. This seemingly free and easy >Buddha system< Mentality actually has a negative impact on the subjective well-being of college students. In Fromm’s view, freedom has dual meanings. These college students who advertise as >Buddhist youth< are in the predicament of freedom. However, in reality, some college students choose to escape from negative freedom to overcome their inner loneliness. This paper analyzes this phenomenon based on Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom<, and attempts to propose a path to achieve positive freedom and help college students pursue positive freedom. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wong, Muk-Yan T1 - The Ideal Love: Platonic or Frommian? JF - Dialogue and Universalism, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2017), pp. 137-146. [Online ISSN 1689-3816] [doi.org/10.5840/du201727470] N2 - In this paper, I compare two theories of ideal love, the Platonic and Frommian, and argue that they give opposite advices to lovers in practice. While Plato emphasizes >whom to love< and urges one to continuously look for a better beloved, Erich Fromm emphasizes >how to love< and urges one to grow and change with one’s imperfect lover. Using the movie >Her< as an example, I explain why an ideal love is extremely difficult to attain under the guidance of the Platonic and Frommian ideals. In an imperfect love, to leave or to stay seems to be a question with no simple answer. Y1 - 2017 ER -