TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Qingqing A1 - Tang, Tang T1 - On Fromm’s Criticism of Traditional Historical Materialism and Its Significance [论弗洛姆对传统历史唯物主义的批判及意义] JF - Journal of Jimei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) [集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 4 (2020) pp. 10-16. N2 - 弗洛姆作为一名社会心理学家,不仅在研究方法上综合了精神分析法和社会历史研究法,而且在思想内容上也试图将心理学领域的观点与历史唯物主义进行融合。弗洛姆的社会性格理论对经济基础与上层建筑之间的互动关系进行了更为丰富的论述,其社会无意识理论对社会存在与社会意识之间的关系作了进一步补充,而其人本主义马克思主义的立场更是高扬了历史唯物主义的主体向度。由此可见,相对于独断、单向、反人本主义的传统历史唯物主义,弗洛姆的思想挖掘了历史唯物主义更多重的维度和更丰富的内容,更接近于马克思的历史唯物主义。 N2 - Fromm, as a social psychologist, not only combines psychoanalytic and socio-historical methods in his approach, but also attempts to fuse the field of psychology with historical materialism in his intellectual content. Fromm's theory of social character provides a richer account of the interaction between the economic base and the superstructure, his theory of the social unconscious complements the relationship between social existence and social consciousness, and his humanist Marxist position exalts the subject orientation of historical materialism. Fromm's thought thus taps into the multiple dimensions and richness of historical materialism, which is closer to Marx's historical materialism than to traditional historical materialism, which is arbitrary, unidirectional and anti-humanist. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yuan, Yijang A1 - Tang, Di T1 - Marxism or Freudianism? – Fromm’s Philosophy Review [是马克思主义,还是弗洛伊德主义?——弗罗姆哲学思想述评] JF - Academic Journal of Jinyang [晋阳学刊], No. 4 (1987), pp. 11-18. N2 - 弗罗姆•埃里希(Fromm Erich 1900—1980)是当代美国著名的心理分析学家,社会学家,新弗洛伊德主义学派的代表人物,早期法兰克福学派中具有存在主义倾向的主要代表人物。1900年3月23日,他生于德国美因河畔的法兰克福,早年在海德堡大学学习法律,22岁时获得博士学位。1929—1934年在法兰克福心理分析研究所和社会研究所从事研究工作。1934年受纳粹政府迫害流亡美国,在纽约社会研究所工作。从1940年以后,他主要从事教育工作,先后在哥伦比亚大学、耶鲁大学、墨西哥大学、密执安大学和纽约大学任教。60年代中期他加入了美国社会主义党,并积极参与和平运 N2 - Erich Fromm (Fromm Erich 1900 – 1980) was a famous American contemporary psychoanalyst, sociologist, new Freudian school representative, early Frankfurt School having existential tendencies main representative. March 23, 1900, he was born in Frankfurt, Germany, the United States due to the river, early studied law at the University of Heidelberg, received his Ph.D. at the age of 22. 1929 – 1934 was engaged in research work at the Frankfurt Institute for Psychoanalysis and Social Research Institute. 1934 persecution by the Nazi government in exile America, Institute for Social Research in New York. From 1940, he is mainly engaged in educational work, has at Columbia University, Yale University, the University of Mexico, the University of Michigan and New York University. The mid-1960s he joined the Socialist Party of America, and is actively involved in the peace operation […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Qian A1 - Tang, Junhong T1 - Interpretation of Family Relationships in the Theory of Alienation >Dombey and Son< in the [以异化理论解读《董贝父子》中的家庭关系] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Short Story (Original Version) [短篇小说(原创版)], No. 3 (2013), pp. 64-65. N2 - 《董贝父子》发表于1848年,是19世纪英国著名作家查尔斯•狄更斯(Charles Dickens) 笔下的一部重要作品。这部小说主要讲述了董贝父子公司兴旺和衰落的历史。在小说中,主人公董贝是一个极为贪婪、傲慢而冷酷的大资本家。他深信金钱的权威,把妻子儿女看做是自己追逐利益的工具。他歧视女儿,一心指望儿子 N2 - >Dombey and Son<, published in 1848, is a famous 19th century British writer Charles Dickens (Charles Dickens) a pen of important works. The novel focuses on the prosperity and decline of Dombey and Son Company's history. In the novel, the hero of Dombey is a very greedy, arrogant and ruthless capitalist. He was convinced that the authority of the money, his wife and children as their own pursuit of interests. He discriminatory daughter, son bent expect […] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Qi T1 - Erich Fromm [埃里希•弗洛姆] JF - Popular Psychology [大众心理学], No. 5 (2012), pp. 47-48. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900年3月23日-1980年3月18日)是20世纪西方著名的精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家,毕生旨在修改弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以切合发生两次世界大战后的西方人的精神处境。埃里希•弗洛姆被尊为 N2 - Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900 年 3 月 23 日 – 1980 March 18) is the famous 20th century Western psychoanalysis psychologist and philosopher of humanism, life is designed to modify the doctrine of Freudian psychoanalysis to suit Westerners occurred after two world wars, the spirit of the situation. Erich Fromm revered […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Xiaoyu T1 - On the Social Character and Its Traits During the Period of Social Transformation [试论我国社会转型期的社会性格及其特点], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2009. N2 - In the 1940s, Erich Fromm, put forward a conception of >social character< for the first time and the theory was used to explain the phenomenon that the psychological characteristics and behaviors of certain. With social groups changed with the social environment, which started the prelude of the theoretical study of the social character. China is undergoing a period of social transformation, which not only including the transformation of economy, politics, culture, but also including the changed of people's behavior, psycho¬logical characteristics and values. It has a great significance for the modernized transition of China's socialist society and the overall healthy development of human on studying the social character and its traits during the period of social transformation. The main content of the thesis are as follows: – In the first part, purpose and significance of the thesis has been described mainly. The history of this issue has been sorted out and an overview of the research situation at home and abroad has been done. New research ideas and methods have been given according to the current situation and problems in the social character study at home.– In the second part, general analysis of social character has been done. Firstly through discriminating the difference among social character, individual character, national character and regional cultural character, the concept of social character is defined and compared. Then the basic element and functions of social characters are further sorted out.– In the third part, efforts have been done to analyze the traits of social character in the period of social transformation. Both the positive and negative characters have been discussed and the reason also has been analyzed.– In the fourth part, thoughts to improve social character are suggested, which contains aspects of the improvement of market economy system, the perfection of the democratic legality, the building of culture atmosphere and the more attention on family education. N2 - 20世纪40年代,埃利希•弗洛姆率先提出了>社会性格<这个概念,并用社会性格理论来解释一定社会群体的心理特征和行为方式随社会环境的变化而变化的现象,这拉开了社会性格理论研究的序幕。我国正处于社会转型时期,社会转型不仅包括经济、政治、文化的转型,还包括人们的行为方式、心理特征、价值观念等各方面的变革。研究我国社会转型期的社会性格及其特点对于我国社会的现代化转型以及人类自身的全面健康发展有着重要的意义。文章的主要内容如下:第一部分,主要阐述了本文选题的目的及意义,并通过对国内外有关社会性格的概念、理论及相关研究的梳理,说明目前我国社会性格研究已取得的成就及存在的问题,进而提出自己的研究思路及方法。第二部分,对社会性格进行一般分析。首先对社会性格的概念进行界定和辨析,这里主要通过社会性格和个体性格、社会性格与国民性格和区域文化性格的辨析入手来界说社会性格。然后进一步理清社会性格的构成要素及基本特征和功能作用。第三部分,尝试对我国社会转型期的社会性格的特点进行分析,主要从社会性格的积极特点和消极特点两方面进行阐释并分析其成因。第四部分,提出完善社会性格的几点思考,主要从市场经济体制的完善,民主法律制度的健全,良好文化氛围的营造,家庭教育环境的重视几方面进行阐述。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Yanmei T1 - The Comparison of the Alienation Theory of Marx and Fromm [马克思与弗洛姆异化理论比较] JF - Academic Exploration [学术探索], No. 11 (2012), pp. 1-4. N2 - In modern society, people have rich material life. However the abundant material life does not bring people the expected healthily spiritual life. To reinforce this situation more profoundly, we need to analyze and compare is the alienation theory of Marx and Fromm. Based on the analysis and comparison of the commons and differences between them, this article explores the important enlightenment which the alienation theory brings us. N2 - 现代社会,人类物质丰富,但没有给人带来健康的精神生活。为了更加深入了解这样的现状,需要把马克思与弗洛姆的异化理论进行分析与比较。本文通过分析两者的共性与差异,在此基础上探究异化理论给我们带来的重要启示。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Yanmei T1 - Releasing Social Repression Through Social Filter – On the Inspirations of Fromm's Social Unconsciousness on Construction of Socialist Culture [通过>社会过滤器<释放>社会压抑<——弗洛姆>社会无意识<论对社会主义文化建设的启示] JF - Journal of Hunan First Normal College [湖南第一师范学院学报], No. 1 (2013) pp. 79-83. N2 - The progress and prosperity of a nation will need the prosperity and development of culture. The construction of socialist culture requires one to concern about people’s spiritual needs and enhance people’s spiritual power. To meet the demands of the human’s spirit, enrich the spiritual life, strengthen the spiritual power and develop the spiritual world, one needs to eliminate and remove the negative and depressed state. Fromm’s social unconsciousness theory will offer us some enlightenment. This paper first analyzes this theory and examines the role of social filter, and finally elaborates the inspirations on the construction of socialist culture. N2 - 国家的进步和强盛离不开文化的繁荣和发展。社会主义文化建设需要关注人们的精神世界,了解人们的精神需求,以增强人们的精神力量。人的精神需求的满足,精神生活的丰富,精神力量的增强,精神世界的发展,需要消解消极心理,去除精神压抑。如何通过有效途径达到这一目的?弗洛姆的>社会无意识<论,将为我们提供有益的启示。 Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Yanmei T1 - An Analysis of Fromm’s Ideology Critical Theory [析弗洛姆的意识形态批判理论] JF - Journal of Guangdong Peizheng College [广东培正学院学报], No. 1 (2013), pp. 53-56. N2 - This thesis, based on a general survey of ideology critical theory by Fromm, analyzes its significant features, i.e. psychology-orientation, culture critique centered, bringing social personality and uncon-scioussness into play, and dialectically comments on such theory so as to disclose its principal significance in reality. N2 - 在阐述弗洛姆意识形态批判理论概况的基础上,分析其重要的特征:即注重研究心理学向度、以文化批判为中心、发挥社会性格和社会无意识的作用,并对其意识形态批判理论给予辩证的评价,以展现其重大的现实意义。 Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Hong T1 - Fromm's Conscience of Humanitarianism [弗洛姆人道主义良心观阐微], JF - Theory Research [学理论], No. 10 (2017), pp. 103-104, 115. N2 - 良心观在弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想构架中独具特色,是其人性观及道德心理分析路径在伦理学研究中的理论延伸和拓展。其人道主义良心观蕴含了西方道德文化的高度主体性和现实批判精神,具有一定的理论特色和现实启示。 N2 - Constellation of conscience is unique in the framework of Fromm's humanitarian ethics, which is the theoretical extension and expansion of his view of human nature and the path of moral psychology in ethics research. Its concept of humanitarian conscience contains the high degree of subjectivity and realistic criticism of Western moral culture, which has certain theoretical characteristics and realistic enlightenment. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Ting T1 - >Escape from Escape<: Interpretation of >The Children's Act< from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis [>逃无可逃<:从精神分析视角解读《儿童法案]》[application of Fromm's thories to art] JF - Overseas English [海外英语], No. 17 (2017), pp. 150-151. N2 - 该文运用弗洛伊德的经典精神分析以及弗洛姆的新精神分析理论,从家庭困境,职业困境和精神困境三个角度来解读伊恩•麦克尤恩2014年的作品《儿童法案》。主人公菲奥娜的家庭生活和职业经历构成了小说两条清晰的叙事线索,推动小说情节的发展。通过对这两条线索的梳理和分析,论述西方资本主义社会现代人所面临的生存困境,剖析小说人物在面对生存困境时所做的选择,以揭示伊恩•麦克尤恩对现代人荒原般生存困境的反思,及对个体走出困境,实现自我价值,找到精神归属的美好期许。 N2 - In this paper, the author uses Freud's classic psychoanalysis and Fromm's new psychoanalytic theory to interpret the work >The Children's Act< (first published in 2014) of Ian McEwan from three aspects: family dilemma, career dilemma and mental distress. hero of the family life and career experience constitute two novel narrative clues to promote the development of the novel plot. Through the combing and analysis of these two clues, this paper discusses the survival dilemma faced by the modern people in the western capitalist society, and analyzes the choices made by the novel characters in the face of the dilemma of survival to reveal Ian McEwan's view of the modern wilderness The reality of the difficulties of reflection, and the individual out of the woods, to achieve self-worth, to find the spirit of the good expectations of ownership. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Ting T1 - Modern People’s Living Predicaments: A Neo-psychoanalytical Study on >The Children Act< [现代人的生存困境:新精神分析视角下的《儿童法案》研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩是当代英国文坛久负盛名的小说家,受到国内外学术界的广泛关注。《儿童法案》作为麦克尤恩的第十四部小说,讲述了囿于婚姻、职业、精神困境中的主人公们的斗争与抉择,探讨了性欲与爱的关系,法律与宗教的冲突,儿童福祉的保护与法官的职责,自由的两面性等多重问题。本文借助弗洛伊德经典精神分析中的重要概念,以弗罗姆的新精神分析作为理论框架,透过细致的文本分析,揭露现代人荒原般的生存困境,现代人在真爱缺失,个体方向感缺失以及消极自由危机中的反思与觉悟,以及作家对爱情本真的呼唤,对个体走出困境,找寻归宿,实现自我价值的理性建议和美好期许。本论文共包括五个章节:第一章是对作家及其作品、已有的研究成果、所运用的文学理论、论文的意义及主题的介绍,确定了整篇论文的理论框架与结构。第二章到第四章是论文的主体部分。论文第二章深入分析性欲与爱的关系,现代人病态畸形的婚恋观,阐述麦克尤恩对当代社会普遍真爱危机背后深层原因的思考。论文第三章通过女主人公菲奥娜曾经审判过的三个案例,分析时代背景下法律与宗教,世俗与信仰的严峻冲突,以及个体如何在困境中迷失方向,逐步沦为理性的工具。论文第四章剖析小说关键人物亚当的精神探索及毁灭之旅,探讨自由的两面性及消极自由的典型逃避机制。第五章是整篇论文的结语。在对论文主体部分的分析概括上得出结论:《儿童法案》是伊恩•麦克尤恩书写现代人生存困境的又一成功实践;通过聚焦女性大法官这个独特的职业身份,麦克尤恩深入剖析时代病症的根源并指明走出困境的方向。《儿童法案》对现代人生存状态的反思与反观具有当下性与现实意义,该作品生动鲜明地体现了作家强烈的社会责任感。 N2 - Ian McEwan, the prestigious contemporary British writer, has been attracting worldwide critical acclaim for a long time. His fourteenth novel >The Children Act< tells the story of main characters’ struggles and choices when trapped in marital, professional and spiritual dilemmas, exploring the multi-topics of the relationship between sexuality and love, the conflicts between law and religion, the protection of children’s welfare and the limitations of judges’ responsibilities, and the paradox of freedom. Based on Fromm’s new psychoanalysis, and with some of the important concepts of Freud’s classical psychoanalysis, this paper reveals the living predicaments encountered by modern people in the western world and demonstrates Ian McEwan’s reflections on wasteland-like social surroundings, appeal for the return of true love and expectations for individuals exploring a way out and achieving self-realization. This thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One includes the introduction to the author and his works, the previous research findings, the theoretical framework and the significance and structure of this thesis. Chapter Two probes deeper into the relationship between sexuality and love, expounds McEwan’s views on the malformation of modern people’s marital values and the root causes of the prevailing love crisis among the society. Through a thorough analysis of the three cases presided by Fiona, Chapter Three demonstrates the conflicts between law and religion, elucidating how individuals degenerate into the tool of rationality and self-serving and eventually become disoriented under contemporary social and cultural context. By focusing on Adam’s spiritual journey to self-destruction, Chapter Four explores the paradox of freedom and the typical escaping mechanism of negative freedom. Chapter Five is the conclusion, which indicates that by giving voice to a female judge, The Children Act is Ian McEwan’s another success in the writing of contemporary living predicaments, profoundly analyzing the maladies affecting modern people. McEwan’s The Children Act has its present and practical significance, clearly showing the writer’s intense sense of social responsibilities. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Wanru T1 - Psychological and Aesthetic Probe on Fromm’s Self-love [弗洛姆自爱理论的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >自爱<不仅是一个重要的伦理学概念,也是一个重要的心理学概念。在自爱研究的谱系中,弗洛姆的自爱理论占据着重要的位置。他指出现代人为了找到自我,找到生存的意义,走出精神和道德的困境,必须建立一种以人为尺度,以人性为伦理道德之准则,以爱为核心内容,以人的幸福和自我实现为目标,借助精神分析与佛教禅宗净化人的心灵的人道主义伦理学。这一人道主义伦理学不仅对于个人良好人格的形成具有重要意义,作为一种>此在生存在世之诠释<的文学,书写者对世界的诠释也势必会受到这种人格形成之机制的影响。本文从社会心理学角度出发,对弗洛姆自爱理论对作家文艺创作及其作品的影响予以详尽分析,从学理上梳理了自爱对于主体性构建和话语模式构建的重要意义。本文第一部分梳理了自爱理论的历史沿革和产生根源。第二部分集中论证了弗洛姆自爱理论的基本内涵。爱的基础是二分,即>我<与>你<,而爱的结果是合一,即>我们<。因此自爱就是与自我的合一,即自我的恢复与完满。同时,自爱是其他一切爱的前提和基础,是爱的主体性的充分实现。第三部分从若干方面分述了自爱特质对于艺术家创作所产生的积极和消极的影响,指出不>自爱<固然可以为创作提供灵感,但是这种果实是残缺的、不完满的。只有充分自爱,与自我合一,与世界合一,才能创作出超越时间阻隔、超越个体经验、具有持久生命力的伟大作品。第四部分指出在弗洛姆的理论中自爱是恢复人的本性、实现人的价值的基本前提和必备条件,为艺术创作的发生阶段提供了良好的土壤。 N2 - Self-love is considered as an important concept both in ethics and in psychology. Fromm’s self-love theory is located at a decisive point in the analyzing pedigree about this concept, for his pursing to establish a human-scale humanitarian ethics that is based on human nature ethics guidelines, deemed love as the core, targeted to realizing people’s happiness and self-fulfillment and to purifying people’s soul in help with psychoanalysis and Buddhism Zen. This ethics benefits the forming process of one’s good personality, moreover the mechanism of forming personality will wield influence on the writer‘s interpreting way about the world both inside and outside in the view of literary as the Dasein subject)’s interpretation of being-in-the-world. - The influences of Fromm’s theory of self-love on the writes’ literary creating and their works have been analyzed comprehensively in terms of social psychology in this paper, and the profound significance of self-love theory to constituting subjectivity and the discourse mode is unfolded theoretically. The main aim of this paper is to make a philosophical and ethical inquiry of E. Fromm’s theory of self-love in light of literary creation and three conclusions could be attained that it is the prerequisite of constituting the subject properly and an essential condition f being with the other companionably, its practice could have significant implications for living and literary creation. - The origin and history of self-love theory present in the first part.– In the second part its theoretic content unfolds that the dualism of I-thou is negated into the unity of >we< as loving consequence, self-love means an unit with self and me that renders one self’s restoration and fulfillment, the basic and premise of other kinds of love and full-revelation of love’s subjectivity.– There are two analyses about influences of the qualities of self-love on literary creation in part three negatively inspiration of creation would be lightened without self-love but its fruits are insufficient and deformed, on the contrary that great works of enduring vitality being beyond time and individuality could be produced because of full self-love with unity of self and me and integrality of I and the world.– In the fourth part, the theory of self-love could provide the basement for backing to human’s nature and realizing human’s value, and the well-founded ground of literary creation in beginning phase. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Li T1 - >Lonely Hunter<: The Loneliness of the characters in White’s >A Glass of Tea< [>孤独的猎手<:怀特《一杯茶》中人物的孤独] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Yangtze River Series [长江丛刊], No. 14 (2019), pp. 8-9. N2 - 怀特的著名短篇小说集《烧伤的人》记叙了一系列异化的现代人,其中《一杯茶》借用一位中年希腊男子马里亚卡斯的视角,通过倾听耄耋老人菲里庇底斯爱情故事,揭露以三位主人公为代表的现代人的孤独症候。本文借助弗洛姆的孤独理论,消解三位主人公的孤独成因,并升华小说的现实意义。 N2 - White's famous short story collection >The Burned Ones< describes a series of alienated modern people, in which >A Glass of Tea< borrows the perspective of a middle-aged Greek man Malliakas, by listening to the old man Philippides’ love story reveals the autism of modern people represented by three protagonists. This article relies on Fromm's theory of loneliness to dispel the loneliness of the three protagonists and to sublimate the practical significance of the novel. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Xiaoqing T1 - Research on Moral Evaluation of Network Communication [网络传播方式的道德评价研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2010. N2 - 道德评价的目的是对不道德的行为形成一种威慑和遏制力,对道德的行为形成一种奖励和鼓动力,并在社会中形成一种向善的价值取向和道德风尚,促进人们道德水平的提升,并最终促进人的全面发展。道德评价对于人们道德的形成和习惯的养成占有一个举足轻重的地位,那么是什么力量促使人们参与道德评价?这个力量形成了一个什么样的道德评价机制?如何进一步完善和践行好这个道德评价机制?带着这些疑问我选择了写这篇论文。本论文是借鉴对中国影响较大学者——如罗国杰、魏英敏等伦理学家的思想,对西方当代影响中国深广的伦理思想家——如萨特、弗洛伊德、弗洛姆等思想进行分析,论证道德评价的社会功能和历史文化意义,并将这些理论分析的观点运用到范美忠事件上,实际地论证道德评价的社会功能。笔者认为,个人的社会利益、良心、名誉是道德评价实现其道德作用的三个最基本的因素,只有在充分调动这三个因素的基础之上,道德评价机制才会得到完善,道德评价作用才会得到充分展现。论文进一步分析了良心和名誉完善的措施,从道德教育和道德修养两个方面来分别阐述激发人的良心和名誉的方法。在网络传播方式中,以范美忠事件为例分析这些方法的实际效果,从而证明道德评价机制实施的可取性和操作性。本论文将理论和实践相结合,以个案分析为手段,具体证实了个人的社会利益、良心和名誉在道德评价中的重要性。网络是社会的延续、拓展和放大器,比现实道德评价更具有舆论场,更能体现道德评价机制的运行。本论文最终阐明了其观点:网络传播方式的道德评价的最终目的不是让公民接受惩罚,而是通过一系列措施形成威慑和遏制力,让公民知道自己的错误之所在,并有悔改之心,唤起所有公民真正的良知,并在社会中形成一种向善的价值取向和道德风尚,促进人们道德水平的提升,并最终促进人的全面发展。 N2 - [The purpose of moral evaluation is to form a deterrent and deterrent effect on unethical behavior, to form a kind of reward and drum motivation for moral behavior, and to form a value orientation and moral fashion in the society, to promote the improvement of people's moral standards and ultimately promote the all-round development of people. Moral evaluation plays a pivotal role in the formation of people's morality and the development of habits. So what forces promote people's participation in moral evaluation? What kind of moral evaluation mechanism is formed by this force? How to further improve and practice this moral evaluation Mechanism? With these questions I chose to write this paper. This thesis draws on the ideas of ethicists who have influenced China, such as Luo Guojie and Wei Yingmin, to carry out contemporary Western ethical thinkers who influence China, such as Sartre, Freud, and Fromm. Analyze and demonstrate the social function and historical and cultural significance of moral evaluation, and apply these theoretical analysis points to Fan Meizhong's incident to actually demonstrate the social function of moral evaluation. The author believes that the individual's social interests, conscience, and reputation are the three most basic factors for moral evaluation to achieve its moral role. Only by fully mobilizing these three factors will the moral evaluation mechanism be improved and the moral evaluation function will be fully demonstrated.– The thesis further analyzes the measures of conscience and reputation improvement, and elaborates the methods of inspiring people's conscience and reputation from the aspects of moral education and moral cultivation. In the mode of network communication, the Fan Meizhong incident is taken as an example to analyze the actual effects of these methods, thus demonstrating the desirability and operability of the implementation of the moral evaluation mechanism.– This thesis combines theory and practice, using case analysis as a means to specifically confirm the importance of individual social interests, conscience and reputation in moral evaluation. The network is a continuation, expansion and amplifier of the society. It is more a public opinion field than the actual moral evaluation, and it can better reflect the operation of the moral evaluation mechanism.– This paper finally clarifies its point: the ultimate goal of the moral evaluation of the mode of network communication is not to let citizens accept punishment, but to form a deterrent and containment through a series of measures to let citizens know where their mistakes are and have repentance. Arouse the true conscience of all citizens, and form a kind of value orientation and morality in the society, promote the improvement of people's moral level, and ultimately promote the all-round development of people.] [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Yongbo T1 - The Research on Fromm’s View of Freedom [弗洛姆自由观研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2019. N2 - 自古以来,自由一直是人们追求的目标和探索的话题,人对自由的追求和向往是推动社会发展和进步的动力。弗洛姆从现实出发,在批判地继承前人思想的基础上,通过对现代人追求自由又逃避自由的生存境遇的论述,揭示了逃避自由的心理机制并试图找到解决人类两难境遇的办法。弗洛姆自由思想既离不开他的独特经历,也与时代背景有关。前者主要指压抑困惑的童年,后者包括两次世界大战及美苏争霸、资本主义经济危机与复苏、纳粹主义和法西斯主义的影响等。从理论渊源来说,弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思主义异化理论及人的自由全面发展理论、犹太文化的传统等都对弗洛姆自由观的产生有较大影响。弗洛姆的自由观从历史和心理两方面分析了处于实践活动中的个人,从追求自由走向逃避自由的过程。从历史角度看,自由与人类社会并存并不断发展。从心理角度看,随着政治和经济的发展,现代人在心理上日趋孤独和无助,在追求自由的同时陷入到逃避自由的困境中,并出现了施虐倾向与受虐倾向、破坏欲和机械趋同三种逃避自由的心理机制。要想从根本上解决人逃避自由的窘境,把人们从异化中解放出来,需要通过爱和创造性的劳动抛弃消极自由并达到积极自由的存在状态,通过实行社会主义公有制、建立全民参与的民主制度和人道主义文化价值观,对经济、政治和文化教育进行改革,建立健全的社会最终达到人的自由而全面的发展。弗洛姆的自由观在一定程度上拓宽了自由的视域,加深了对自由的理解,但夸大了人的心理作用,具有一定的唯心主义倾向。因为忽视了社会生产关系的影响,注定了其改革方案的不彻底。即便如此,弗洛姆的自由观提供了分析和解决社会问题的新视角,对于构建社会主义核心价值观与和谐社会具有重要的启示意义。 N2 - Freedom is the theme that people have been trying to pursue in old times. People’s desire for pursuing and dreaming of the freedom becomes the power to push forward the society to advance and progress. Fromm starts from reality and reveals the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom and tries to find a solution to the dilemma of human beings, which is on the basis of critically inheriting the thoughts of predecessors and through the discussion of modern people’s living situation of pursuing freedom and escaping freedom. Fromm’s view of freedom is not only inseparable from his unique experience, but also related to the background of the times. The former mainly refers to depressing confused childhood. The latter includes the two world wars, US-Soviet struggle for world hegemony, the capitalist economic crisis and recovery, the influence of Nazism and fascism and other major events. From the theoretical origins, Fromm’s view of freedom is greatly influenced by Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, Marxist alienation theory, Marxist theory of free and all-round development of human beings and the tradition of Jewish culture. Fromm’s view of freedom analyzes the process of individuals in practical activities from pursuing freedom to escaping freedom from both historical and psychological perspectives. From a historical point of view, freedom coexists and develops with human society. From the psychological point of view, with the development of politics and economy, modern people are becoming more and more lonely and helpless in psychology. While pursuing freedom, they are trapped in the predicament of escaping freedom. There are three psychological mechanisms of escaping freedom: tendency to abuse and tendency to be abused, destructive desire and mechanical convergence. In order to solve the dilemma of people escaping freedom and liberate people from alienation fundamentally, we need to abandon passive freedom through love and creative labor and achieve the existence of positive freedom. By carrying out socialist public ownership, establishing a democratic system with universal participation and humanistic cultural values, we need to reform economic, political and cultural education, so as to establish a sane society and ultimately achieve the free and comprehensive development of human beings. Fromm’s view of freedom inherits the practical spirit of Marxist view of freedom to a certain extent and broadens the understanding of freedom from the perspective of psychology. However, it exaggerates people’s psychological function and has a certain idealistic tendency. Because the influence of social production relations is neglected, the reform plan is doomed to be unsuccessful. Even so, Fromm’s view of freedom provides a new perspective to analyze and solve social problems. It also has important enlightenment significance for the construction of socialist core values and harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Chengzhu T1 - Escape from Freedom – A Frommian Interpretation of >Babbitt<, Master thesis, World Literature, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Babbitt< is the masterpiece of Sinclair Lewis, who was the first American winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The novel’s protagonist, Babbitt, has a prosperous life but feels miserable. He desires to live a different life by conducting some rebellious behaviors. However, in the end, he compromises and returns to his former life. Lewis explores human’s dilemma of freedom through the depiction of Babbitt’s life. Erich Fromm’s viewpoint of >escape from freedom< provides a new theoretical perspective to interpret Babbitt’s final return. Babbitt enjoys the freedom of wealth, but the price he pays for that freedom is the inevitable feeling of loneliness and powerlessness. However, the alienation in capitalist society blocks his way to overcome loneliness by pursuing positive freedom; he has no choice but to escape from freedom to obtain a sense of belonging and security. With Fromm’s theories, this thesis attempts to explain how Lewis explores the phenomenon of escaping from freedom in modern society. First, the thesis explores Babbitt’s three ways of escaping from freedom, that is, the three psychological mechanisms he adopts: authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automation conformity. Second, it explores the reasons for Babbitt’s escape from freedom, namely the alienation that exists in society. Third, from the perspective of man and society, this thesis explores how people could gain positive freedom in society. This thesis concludes that Babbitt is not just Babbitt but also represents thousands of people struggling with the dilemma of freedom. The writing of Babbitt’s escape from freedom embodies the novel’s social power and Sinclair Lewis’s responsibility and mission as a realist novelist. It not only helps people to get out of the dilemma of freedom but also provides enlightenment for the problems that may arise in the development of modern society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Daocheng T1 - My Perspective on Taking over as a Substitute Homeroom Teacher at a Rural Junior High School [农村初中中途接替班主任工作之我见] JF - Policy and Scientific Consult, No. 12 (2012, p. 17. N2 - 笔者从事多年班主任工作,曾几次在八年级下期或九年级上期等接替班主任工作。接班时,我深知如果班主任工作艺术不略胜一筹,学生是很难服你。那么,我是如何做好这一接替工作的呢?通过实践和总结,下面谈谈我的几点看法。一、关爱是本,诚恳在心关爱是本:弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中指出:>爱是对所爱对象的生命和成长的积极关心。< 哪里缺少这种积极关心,哪里 … N2 - The author has been engaged in homeroom teacher work for many years and has had several experiences taking over as a substitute homeroom teacher in the second semester of eighth grade or the first semester of ninth grade. When taking over, the author deeply understands that it is difficult to earn the students' respect without surpassing the previous homeroom teacher in the art of homeroom teaching. So, how did the author successfully handle this substitute teaching work? Through practice and reflection, the author will discuss several viewpoints below. The author agrees with Fromm's assertion in >The Art of Loving<: Love is an active concern for the life and growth of the loved object. Where this active concern is lacking, genuine love is absent.< Therefore, it is crucial for the substitute homeroom teacher to approach the students with love and sincerity … [Translation: www.chat.openai.com, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Youhua T1 - On Erich Fromm’s Human Existence Philosophy, Master thesis, Philosophy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China 2023. [doi.org/10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2023.001231] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm’s concern for human existence is an important part in the construction of his social critical theory. His philosophy of existence originated from his early growth experience, including the theory of social character, the thinking of human existence requirements, the examination of human’s lifestyles. And the suggestions on how persons can move towards a well existence after the categorization. Searching on Erich Fromm’s philosophy of existence from a holistic perspective will help us clarify the value orientation and theoretical vision of Erich Fromm’s social criticism, and help us to build the panorama of Erich Fromm’s philosophy. Although Erich Fromm’s theoretical construction is not perfect, his belief in our ability to achieve a better life can inspire us to move forward.– Firstly, Erich Fromm’s early growth experience exposed him to psychoanalytic and Marxist theories, and focused his perspective on human survival. After joining the Frankfurt Institute, the research on the mental and psychological conditions of Weimar German manual workers and white collar workers, which he presided over, provided empirical support for his social criticism theory, and also inspired him to propose a theory of social character, thereby promoting the birth of Escape from Freedom. He connected the thoughts of Freud and Marx with humanism, and paid more attention to human existence. He firmly believed that people can continuously develop to a good life.– Secondly, psychoanalytic theory influenced Erich Fromm’s focus on human survival needs. He found that human existence needs are divided into two categories, one is the existence needs brought about by human natural nature, and the other is the existence needs brought about by human social nature. With the constraints of the existence needs of man’s natural nature, man has also evolved a developed mind in an attempt to surpass himself. The need of human social nature also stems from this transcendence. At the same time, the development of the human brain promotes the emergence of human rationality. Rationality is both sides now, which brings human beings the ability to self-reflect, making them not satisfied with the harmonious and stable state of nature at present, and constantly changing themselves; however, it has also caused mankind to remain in an unbalanced state, resulting in a contradiction in human existence, namely, the antinomy between life and death and its historical contradiction. Based on this contradiction, people have generated the need for social existence, which can be divided into five aspects: relevance, transcendence, root-seeking, sense of identity, and orientation and dedication to alleviate the pain caused by this contradiction. In addition to the existence needs brought about by human natural and social natures, the personality generated by human beings in society also has an impact on the existence needs. This is manifested in two aspects, namely, non-productive orientation and productive orientation. The former is the personality generated by alienated people when facing society, while the latter is the personality displayed by genuine people when facing society and realizing themselves. Non-productive orientation can be divided into four categories: acceptance orientation, exploitation orientation, hoarding orientation, and market orientation. The productive orientation, or creative orientation, is centered on >love<. Compared to non-productive orientation, productive orientation can meet the needs of positive communication with the world, demonstrate one’s individuality, and achieve one’s own development.– Furthermore, after paying attention to human survival needs, the alienation thought of Marxist theory prompted Erich Fromm to pay attention to human’s lifestyle. He divided the way people live in life into two categories: having and being. The alienated lifestyle with having is aimed at possession, and the experience of re possession is constantly trying to obtain something that can be endowed with value; fear, fear oneself not having more. Due to the endless possession, they find it difficult to overcome the spiritual dilemma that possession brings to themselves. The lifestyle of being that breaks away from alienation and focuses on the development of existence is the goal. The survival exper+J35622ience of existence is to obtain what can truly enrich and develop oneself. They do not focus on what they have obtained, but on what they have obtained from it. Through the actions of obtaining, they continuously develop to achieve their own realization. Therefore, those who focus on their own re existence can actively develop themselves and move towards true happiness. On his analysis, Erich Fromm proposed an idea of how to turn to a being lifestyle of life. As long as people themselves can know that they are suffering, recognize the root causes of suffering, find ways to eliminate suffering, and change their existence lifestyle, there is hope that they will emerge from the spiritual dilemma of having. The process of individuals turning to new people needs to be accompanied by social changes and the emergence of a new society, but it is also necessary to be prepared to practice the >art of being< Erich Fromm clarified four obstacles that affect the art of practicing existence, namely, >flashiness, gossip, (believing) gain without payments, and avoiding pain<. Five methods for cultivating the art of being are proposed, namely, >unswerving, sober, conscious, focused, and thoughtful<. Individuals are ready to become new people, and with the emergence of a new society, they can move from the alienated self to the true >I am who I am<.– From Erich Fromm’s analysis of human existence needs and lifestyles, we can see his deep and humanistic concern for human existence. However, his concerns are not comprehensive. Erich Fromm focused on the generality of human personality, while ignoring the uniqueness of human beings; focusing on the individual existence of human beings, while ignoring the interactive behavior with others. Erich Fromm’s division of human existence lifestyles, limited by his proposed functional possession and possible egoistic explanations of being, is not very successful. This paper also proposes an idea to solve these two aspects of problems, in order to improve his theory of human existence. There is a view that Erich Fromm’s philosophy of existence is an interesting combination of psychoanalytic models and existential philosophy. Although the field of psychology has not developed a school of existentialism, Sartre’s >Existentialism is a Humanism< provides argument support for this view. It can be found that Erich Fromm’s philosophy of existence can meet the >existential humanism<, and naturally it is also existential. From the perspective of existentialism, Erich Fromm’s philosophy of existence recognizes that existence precedes essence, advocates the essence of time, upholds humanitarianism, recognizes human freedom and responsibility, focuses on human authenticity, and considers human morality; showing the light of existentialism. In short, Erich Fromm’s concern for human existence is profound and full of Humanism. And hopes and expectations for people also float on paper to inspire us to live better. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER -