TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Developmental Roots of Productive and Unproductive Social Character Traits JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 199-210. N2 - A longitudinal study of early attachment and social character development of 14 Nahuat mother-infant dyads -since the infants were 11 months, having assessed them at 9 years of age and again in their late adolescence- show a significant improvement on the youngsters’ emotional development. The study conducted by the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis within a 40-year-long humanizing project in the village, called >Intercultural Participation Project,< suggests the benefit of promoting the rescue of their indigenous Nahuat culture and tradition. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019q Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019q ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Comprender la motivación social para estimular el desarrollo de los niños JF - R. Funk y N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Hacia una ciencia humana. La relevancia de Erich Fromm en la actualidad, México (Demac), pp. 201-214. N2 - Un grupo de psicoanalistas celebró el Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis para ampliar el punto de vista clínico que había adquirido por medio de su trabajo con pacientes en el marco de una práctica privada. En esta ponencia describimos la investigación de una acción participativa emprendida por una comunidad. Empezamos entrevistando a niños pobres y desposeídos, primero en un pueblo de mineros y después en un centro para niños en situación de calle. Se incluyen un estudio sobre Apego y carácter social de las madres y los niños, así como la evaluación sistemática de las motivaciones inconscientes de las respuestas de los individuos al cuestionario interpretativo social. Nos esforzamos por devolver a las propias comunidades los hallazgos de los estudios del carácter social. Nuestro propósito es apoyar o fomentar las posibilidades de iniciar proyectos de acción participativa basados en las comunidades, encaminados a transformar la calidad de vida y a enfrentar las dificultades y superar los obstáculos que surgen en el camino hacia el cambio; asimismo, esperamos que nuestra investigación ayude a impulsar el desarrollo de políticas para el cuidado de la salud de los niños. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Identidad en la selva de asfalto JF - Revista de la Universidad de México. Nueva Epoca, No. 828 (Septiembre 2017), pp. 94-100. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Hidden meaning of an early Loss. The common ground of Attachment and Social Character assessment and their clinical application JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 3, 2004), pp. 157-163. N2 - All contemporary psychoanalytical theorists are concerned with the common problem of how to account for the preeminent importance of relations. John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, suggests that >instinctive< behavioral systems underlie much of the emotional life of man and have developed because they were necessary for survival. The system with which he was almost exclusively concerned was the multitude of behaviors and experiences constituting the child's >attachment< to the mother. This >strikingly strong tie, evident particularly when disrupted<, has systematically been observed by attachment researchers, through the development of a series of instruments that gauge interpersonal communication. These interpersonal communications have on their part been found to >contain traces of developmental history<. Bowlby's theory is based on clinical accounts of cases of important loss experiences. A transcendental role is given in Bowlby's theory to the experiences of loss. It stresses that the construction of mourning processes can be seen as a manifestation of search and as a general gradual mental reorientation. The paper introduces the methodological perspectives, which are observable derivations of Bowlby's psycho-ethological ideas. We will argue that becoming acquainted with these attachment-research tools and with socio-psychoanalytic assessment can enhance the development of the clinicians' observational skills, their insight and their scientific research practices. A clinical vignette seen through the lenses of the attachment assessment of loss is presented. It points in addition to the socio-cultural-ethnical basis that serves as an underlying structure for the development of meaning. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Identity in the Asphalt Jungle. A Study of Mexican Youngsters Who Work in the Streets JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 4, 2004), pp. 254-263. N2 - We present a study of 40 youngsters who live and work in the streets of Mexico City and who have abandoned their homes for significant periods of time. They seek out their own means of survival from a very young age. In many cases they have children of their own already as teenagers. The Seminario de Sociopsicoan lisis was invited to take part in a project aimed at facilitating the access of these children to graphic arts, artistic creation and therapeutic listening. This article presents our principal findings of the children's everyday life conditions, their work and their dreams, based on data obtained from social character questionnaires – with which therapeutic intervention in this project began. Vignettes of two case studies are also presented. The interviews were complemented by data gathered in weekly sessions attended by the youngsters on a voluntary bases. The sessions attested to both the narcissistic, aggressive impulsiveness of these youngsters and the vital effort they make toward their own recovery and toward establishing affective emotional ties with instructors and therapists. We found that socio-psychoanalytic methods could be used successfully to expand the scope of psychoanalytic theoretic postulates about character to a non-clinical, disadvantaged population. By analyzing the content of the psychoanalytically guided interviews we were able to recognize the central, distinctive motive, which leads these youngsters to run away from home and forge their own sense of identity. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Introduccion JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, V-VIII. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Sociopsicoanalisis y desarrollo autogestivo en una poblacion minera. Un reporte del trabajo desarrollado por el seminario de sociopsicoanalisis del IMPAC JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 299-312. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Die von Erich Fromm geleitete wöchentliche klinische Gruppensupervision Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 pp. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Il gruppo clinico settimanale di supervisione condotto da Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Bericht über die Tagung >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalytiker und Supervisor< in Ascona T2 - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 02 / 1998, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 17-19. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d02/1998c Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, October 2000) pp. 207-215 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Attachment Patterns and Social Character in a Nahuatl Village. Socialization processes through social character interviews and videotaped attachment current methodology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 05 / 2001, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 38-42. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e05/2001e Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Integrating attachment and social character approaches to clinical training – case studies from a Mexican Nahuatl village JF - M. Cortina and M. Marrone (Eds.), Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, London (Whurr) 2003, pp. 179-203. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Seine beflügelnde Gegenwart und Achtsamkeit JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm als Therapeut. Frühere Schüler erinnern sich an seine Praxis der Psychoanalyse, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2009. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - His Deeply Inspirational Presence and Thoughtfulness JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 153-160. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Presentación JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Memorias II, México (Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana) 1982, pp. 6-9. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Introduccion JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, V-VIII. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Sociopsicoanalisis y desarrollo autogestivo en una poblacion minera. Un reporte del trabajo desarrollado por el seminario de sociopsicoanalisis del IMPAC JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 299-312. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Die von Erich Fromm geleitete wöchentliche klinische Gruppensupervision Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 pp. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Il gruppo clinico settimanale di supervisione condotto da Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Bericht über die Tagung >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalytiker und Supervisor< in Ascona T2 - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 02 / 1998, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 17-19. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d02/1998d Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, April 2000), pp. 207-216. N2 - Erich Fromms Einstellung gegenüber den abstrakten Wissenschaften wie der Ma-thematik erscheint uneinheitlich: einerseits hat er bekannt, abstraktes Denken falle ihm schwer, andererseits hat er Vertretern abstrakter naturwissenschaftlicher Theo-rien wie Einstein und Heisenberg eine revolutionäre Haltung attestiert. Tatsächlich lässt sich Fromms Kreativitätsbegriff auch für die Mathematik fruchtbar machen. Fromm fordert auf, die Dinge in ihrem >So-Sein< wahrzunehmen und darauf kritisch zu >antworten<, ein Verhalten, das die Bereitschaft zur Abstraktion mit einschließt. Der didaktisch bedeutsame >Siehe-Beweis< in der Mathematik ist damit ein Muster-fall dieses Frommschen Ansatzes. Zu Fromms ganzheitlichem Anspruch gehört seine von ihm auch gelebte Forderung an den Menschen, sich Konflikten zu stellen und so seinen Charakter zu entwickeln. Dies verweist auf einen speziellen Grund-zug mathematischen Denkens, nämlich das Bestreben in der Mathematik, sich über Normen hinwegzusetzen, wie es die Entdeckung der nichteuklidischen Geometrien im 19. Jahrhundert zeigt. Dieser prometheische Geist der Mathematik, der von Pädagogen oft übersehen wird, steht damit dem Frommschen Kreativitätsbegriff sehr nahe. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Attachment Patterns and Social Character in a Nahuatl Village. Socialization processes through social character interviews and videotaped attachment current methodology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 05 / 2001, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 38-42. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e05/2001f Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Integrating attachment and social character approaches to clinical training – case studies from a Mexican Nahuatl village JF - M. Cortina and M. Marrone (Eds.), Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, London (Whurr) 2003, pp. 179-203. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Hidden meaning of an early Loss. The common ground of Attachment and Social Character assessment and their clinical application JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 13 (No 3, September 2004), pp. 157-163. N2 - All contemporary psychoanalytical theorists are concerned with the common problem of how to account for the preeminent importance of relations. John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, suggests that >instinctive< behavioral systems underlie much of the emotional life of man and have developed because they were necessary for survival. The system with which he was almost exclusively concerned was the multitude of behaviors and experiences constituting the child's >attachment< to the mother. This >strikingly strong tie, evident particularly when disrupted<, has systematically been observed by attachment researchers, through the development of a series of instruments that gauge interpersonal communication. These interpersonal communications have on their part been found to >contain traces of developmental history<. Bowlby's theory is based on clinical accounts of cases of important loss experiences. A transcendental role is given in Bowlby's theory to the experiences of loss. It stresses that the construction of mourning processes can be seen as a manifestation of search and as a general gradual mental reorientation. The paper introduces the methodological perspectives, which are observable derivations of Bowlby's psycho-ethological ideas. We will argue that becoming acquainted with these attachment-research tools and with socio-psychoanalytic assessment can enhance the development of the clinicians' observational skills, their insight and their scientific research practices. A clinical vignette seen through the lenses of the attachment assessment of loss is presented. It points in addition to the socio-cultural-ethnical basis that serves as an underlying structure for the development of meaning. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Identity in the Asphalt Jungle. A Study of Mexican Youngsters Who Work in the Streets JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 4, 2004), pp. 254-263. N2 - We present a study of 40 youngsters who live and work in the streets of Mexico City and who have abandoned their homes for significant periods of time. They seek out their own means of survival from a very young age. In many cases they have children of their own already as teenagers. The Seminario de Sociopsicoan lisis was invited to take part in a project aimed at facilitating the access of these children to graphic arts, artistic creation and therapeutic listening. This article presents our principal findings of the children's everyday life conditions, their work and their dreams, based on data obtained from social character questionnaires – with which therapeutic intervention in this project began. Vignettes of two case studies are also presented. The interviews were complemented by data gathered in weekly sessions attended by the youngsters on a voluntary bases. The sessions attested to both the narcissistic, aggressive impulsiveness of these youngsters and the vital effort they make toward their own recovery and toward establishing affective emotional ties with instructors and therapists. We found that socio-psychoanalytic methods could be used successfully to expand the scope of psychoanalytic theoretic postulates about character to a non-clinical, disadvantaged population. By analyzing the content of the psychoanalytically guided interviews we were able to recognize the central, distinctive motive, which leads these youngsters to run away from home and forge their own sense of identity. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Su edificante presencia y su consideración JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Recordando a Erich Fromm. Testimonios de sus alumnos sobre el hombre y el terapeuta. Edición a cargo de Rainer Funk, Barcelona – Buenos Aires – México (Paidós, Paidós Contextos 204), 2011, pp. 213-222. [Spanish by Fernando Borrajo] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Prologo JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 7-8. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - et al., T1 - Care Giving and Social Character. Towards a Systematization of the Clinical Assessment of Social Character Traits and Their Relation to Mothers’ Care Giving Quality in Urban/Rural Mexican Samples JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 17 / 2013, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 35-46. N2 - The theory of social character developed by Erich Fromm asserts that the significance of experience is intimately linked to the material conditions under which persons, located in a specific economic system, live. The shared character traits thus correspond to the social role that these persons play. In the case of women, existing literature does not focus on their function as reproducers of the work force within the family, although this is a generalized function and additional to out-of-home work. This function has a transcendent importance to the development and emotional health of children, as has been established in longitudinal research of attachment theory. This study explores Mexican mothers’ shared character traits, a systematized appraisal of their attitudes towards their lives and their children, their states of mind, and the quality of care they provide as well as their relationship to attachment patterns of their infants; some come from urban Middle, Middle-upper and Upper-class families and others from Poor in-digenous peasant families. The fundamental focus is on the woman’s participation inside the family, although it does not exclude the possibility that some of these mothers handle not only the care giving and housework but also work outside of the home (the "double shift”). It concludes that the daily material conditions of existence are closely related to shared character traits and that these are in turn related to patterns of attachment in their infants, their sensitivity in the treatment of their babies, and the results of their Adult Attachment Interviews. Women have been the sup-port and pillar of subsistence for urban populations as well as the most poor and disadvan-taged communities. This role played by women is as widespread as undocumented in litera-ture. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e17/2013e Y1 - 2013 VL - e17/2013e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Understanding Social Motivation for Encouraging Children’s Development. Social Character Studies in Mexico JF - R. Funk and N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Towards a Human Science. The Relevance of Erich Fromm for Today, Giessen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2015, pp. 1499-158. N2 - A group of psychoanalysts led the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis to broaden their clinical perspective gained through working with patients in the setting of a private practice. In this paper we describe participatory action research initiated by a community. We started by interviewing impoverished and economically disadvantaged children, first from a miner's village and later on from a center for children living in the streets. A study on Attachment and Social Character of mothers and children as well as the systematic appraisal of the unconscious motivations in the individual's responses to the Social Interpretative Questionnaire are presented. We strive to bring the findings of our social character studies back to the communities themselves. Our purpose is to support or foster possibilities for initiating participatory community-based action projects, aimed at transforming the quality of life and to confront the difficulties and obstacles that emerge on the path to change; furthermore we hope that our research will help to stimulate the development of childcare health policies. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.psychosozial-verlag.de/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/2535/CATALOGSSID/8c52oh5o77t4cs3r5m2r2722j4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millan, Sonia A1 - et al., T1 - Attachment Research in Urban and Rural México. Clinical and Social Implications JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 21 / 2017, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 48-71. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e21/2017e Y1 - 2017 VL - e21/2017e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Universidad: descontento y posición social JF - Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (No. 2/3, 1973), pp. 76-114. Y1 - 1973 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The History of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) in Latin America JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 13 / 2009, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 44-50.  T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e13/2009f Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - La escala de biofilia necrofilia en alfabetizadores voluntarios JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 419-435. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Experiencias de clase en los sueños de los niños JF - ENEP – Zaragoza (Ed.), Erich Fromm al Siglo XXI. Cuadernos de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Professionales Zaragoza, México (ENEP – Zaragoza) 1990, pp. 97-112. Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Un camino a la autonomía... Algunos resultados del cuestionario interpretativo JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Seminario de Sociopsycoanalisis 1991. Cuadernos I, Mexico (Typoscript) 1991, pp. 3-13. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Los rasgos de caracter y el conocimiento de la pobreza JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Cuadernos II. Seminario de sociopsicoanalisis, Mexico (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1991, pp. 160-178. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - A Sociopsychoanalytic Intervention Process in a Mexican Mining Village JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen / Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (Lit-Verlag) 1992, pp. 47-56. N2 - >Ein sozio-psychoanalytischer Interventionsprozeß in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf<: Dieser Beitrag gibt Rechenschaft von den Wirkungen, die eine knapp 6jährige soziopsychoanalytische Arbeit in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf, speziell bei der kindlichen Bevölkerung an einer Grundschule, gehabt hat. Zunächst wird in allgemeinen Begriffen die Struktur des >sozio-psychoanalytischen Prozesses< beschrieben, wie er im Anschluss an Erich Fromm konzipiert ist: Aus der erweiterten Perspektive einer Integration des Unbewussten wird nicht nur der Bezug zu unterdrückten Sexualimpulsen wiedergewonnen, sondern es wird auch aufgezeigt, inwieweit das Sozialsystem als solches diese verdrängt und so Charakterzüge ausprägt, die dazu beitragen, das System und seine sozio-ökonomische Struktur durch Rationalisierung und Ideologiebildung zu stabilisieren. Dir Bericht basiert auf der Auswertung von insgesamt 141 Fragebögen, die bei einer Zufallsstichprobe von Kindern 3 Jahre vor und 3 Jahre nach dem Anlaufen des Projekts erhoben wurden (hiervon umfasste die erste Stichprobe 73, die zweite 68 Fragebögen). In einer vom Mexikanischen Nationalen Rat für Wissenschaft und Technologie (CONACYT) geförderten Auswertung wurde zwischen beiden Stichproben ein systematischer Vergleich gezogen. Bei der Inhaltsanalyse der Antworten wurde besonders auf die Bildung von Charakterzügen und auf das moralische Urteil geachtet; die häufigsten Charakterzüge und die Differenzen zwischen den beiden Auswertungen werden beschrieben. Dabei stellt sich, was das Selbstbild der Kinder angeht, eine gewisse Besserung heraus, verbunden mit einer Verschiebung hin zu produktiven und biophilen Charakteren. Bei einer gründlicheren Auswertung des Materials tritt als ein spezieller Befund eine merkliche Verringerung im Ausmaß der physischen Misshandlung, die die Kinder zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Erhebung zu erleiden hatten, hervor. Dies weist darauf hin, dass der Prozess der sozio-psychoanalytischen Intervention eine hervorragende Möglichkeit von Gemeinwesenarbeit darstellt. Es scheint gelungen zu sein, selbsttätige Entwicklungsprozesse in Gang zu setzen, die vor allem bei den beteiligten Müttern der betroffenen Familien eine prophylaktische Wirkung zugunsten der geistigen Gesundheit der Kinder hatten, abgesehen davon, dass ihnen auch eigene Möglichkeiten der Partizipation zugänglich wurden. N2 - >Un processo di intervento sociopsicoanalitico in un villaggio di minatori messicano<: Questa relazione riferisce sugli effetti avuti da un lavoro sociopsicoanalitico durato quasi 6 anni in un villaggio di minatori messicano, in particolare nella popolazione infantile di una scuola primaria. Dapprima viene descritta nei concetti generali la struttura del processo sociopsicoanalitico, come viene concepito con riferimento ad Erich Fromm da una prospettiva allargata di un'integrazione dell'inconscio non viene solo re cuperato il rapporto con impulsi sessuali rimossi, ma viene anche mostrato in quale misura il sistema sociale come tale li rimuove, e in talmodo determina tratti caratteriali che portano alla stabilizzazione del sistema e della sua struttura socioeconomica attraverso la razionalizzazione e la costruzione di ideologie. La relazione si basa sulla valutazione di un totale di 141 questionari, raccolti dai bambini con un campionamento casuale 3 anni prima e 3 anni dopo l'avviamento del progetto (il primo campione comprendeva 73 questionari, il secondo 68). In una valutazione promossa dal Consiglio Nazionale Messicano per la Scienza e la Tecnologia (CONACYT), venne fatto un confronto sistematico tra i due campioni. Nell'analisi del contenuto delle risposte si prestò particolare attenzione alla formazione dei tratti caratteriali e al giudizio morale; vengono descritti i tratti caratteriali più frequenti e le differenze tra le due valutazioni. Per quanto riguarda l'immagine di sé dei bambini, risulta un certo miglioramento, collegato con uno spostamento verso caratteri produttivi e biofili. Con una valutazione più approfondita del materiale, è emerso il dato particolare di una notevole diminuzione della frequenza di maltrattamenti fisici subiti dai bambini tra la prima e la seconda rilevazione. Questo indica che il processo di intervento sociopsicoanalitico costituisce una notevole possibilità di lavoro nella comunità. Sembra che si sia riusciti a mettere in moto dei processi di sviluppo autonomi, che hanno avuto un effetto preventivo nei confronti del benessere psichico dei bambini, soprattutto agendo sulle madri che facevano parte delle famiglie interessate, a prescindere dal fatto che venivano rese loro accessibili anche proprie possibilità di partecipazione. N2 - >El proceso de intervención sociopsicoanalítica en una comunidad minera<: Se revisan los efectos que sobre la población infantil de una escuela primaria, ha tenido el trabajo sociopsicoanalítico en una comunidad minera mexicana, a cinco años y medio de estar funcionando. Se describe, en términas generales, la estructura del >proceso sociopsicoanalítico< derivado de las planteamientos de Fromm – en el sentido de buscar la ampliación de la conciencia, y de recuperar desde esa perspectiva no solo lo referente a impulsos sexuales reprimidos, sino todo aquello que el sistema social como tal oculta de la vista e incorpora como rasgos de carácter que funcionan estabilizando al sistema y su estructura socioeconómica, y evitando la clara conciencia acerca de los motivos por los que se adoptan y realizan las decisiones cotidianas, racionalizándolas y dando lugar a la ideología. Se compararon sistemáticamente – en una evaluación propiciada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de país – las respuestas de los niños – seleccionadas al azar – a cuestionarios interpretativos tomados antes y después de tres años de iniciado el proyecto: 141 cuestionarios, 73 de la primera aplicación y 68 de la segunda. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las respuestas, resaltando los rasgos de carácter en formación y el razonamiento moral. Se describen las rasgos más frecuentes, y las diferencias encontradas entre las dos aplicaciones. Apuntan una marcada mejoría en cuanto a la propia autoimagen de los niños y a orientar sus rasgos de carácter hacia la productividad y la biofilia. Se destaca muy especialmente como un hallazgo de la revisión exhaustiva del material, el haber encontrado una disminución muy marcada en el maltrato físico que padecen los niños entre una y otra aplicaciones. Se señala al proceso de intervención sociopsicoanalítica como una muy buena alternativa de intervención comunitaria en tanto que parece haber podido propiciar procesos de desarrollo autogestiva que, a su vez, tuvieron un efecto profiláctico en las madres de familia involucradas y amén de haberles hecho ac cesibles sus propias opciones de participación, han redundado en beneficio de la salud mental de los niños. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w03/1992e Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Un vistazo al proyecto mexicano de investigacion participativa sociopsicoanalitica en una comunidad minera JF - Institutio Mexicano de Psicoanalisis, El caracter social, su estudio, un intercambio de experiencias (= Cuardernos IV), Coyoacán 1972, pp. 191-215. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - An overview of the mexican project of sociopsychoanalytical participative research in a mining comunity JF - Institutio Mexicano de Psicoanalisis, El caracter social, su estudio, un intercambio de experiencias (= Cuardernos IV), Coyoacán 1972, pp. 59-85. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Analyst as a Person: Fromm's Approach to Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice JF - M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 235-258. N2 - Sonia Gojman traces many contemporary innovations in psychoanalytic technique to Fromm's explicit humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. As Gojman notes, Fromm emphasized the need to know the patient from within (from >center to center<). This requires from the analyst an openness to use his own experience as a vehicle for understanding the patient. Fromm legitimized the patient's observer role in the analytic process, and he supported efforts to abandon a mythical neutrality in favor of adopting a role as an observant participant who affirms not only unconscious truths but also steps toward health. Gojman notes that these changes in technique--a term Fromm was reluctant to use since the stance he advocated was not simply a matter of the head but of the heart--are consistent with contemporary intersubjective approaches and with some of the positions advanced by Casement, Gill, and Mitchell, among others. Gojman also points out that in Fromm's discussion of technique in the Cuernavaca seminars, he repeatedly emphasized the analyst's unconventional attitude, his aliveness, his honesty, a profound interest in patients and their well-being. According to Fromm, these were all key ingredients to diminish the patient's resistance within the psychoanalytic process and increase the patient's confidence in the analyst. Gojman courageously looks into the realities of psychoanalytic institutes, where analysands are exposed to their therapist as teachers and colleagues in a variety of situations. This leaves training analysts in an extremely difficult position, >surrounded by analysands and former analysands as junior colleagues, creating situations of high-risk professional communication in groups ridden by all kinds of secrets and nonusable information.< Gojman proposes that rather than treat issues such as prestige and power in psychoanalytic institutes as nonexistent or useless sources of information, that the process be analyzed from the perspectives of the analyst and the analysand, each with different positions in the group structure. Needless to say, this effort is demanding for analyst and analysand alike, but may come as a relief >acknowledging our real participation and not struggling to conceal it.< Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - El desarollo individual y la polaridad deterioro-crecimiento en el pensamiento de Erich Fromm JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.): Erich Fromm y el psicoanálisis humanista, México 1981 (Siglo XXI Editores), pp. 138-153. Y1 - 1981 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Una mentira social. Niños de dos grupos socioeconómicos distintos, con criterios morales diferentes JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Memorias II, México (Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana) 1982, pp. 290-306. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Vampirismo y poder JF - A. Aramoni (Ed.), Cuatro neurosis en busca de argumento. La praxis psicoanálitica, México (Siglo XXI) 1983, pp. 78-108. Y1 - 1983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Autoridad y vocacion JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, pp. 166-192. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - >Que me perdone la ciencia< o A manera de conclusion JF - S. Millán (Ed.), Anuario 1987-1988. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1988, pp. 212-219. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Educación y formación del caracter social. Estudio preliminar en niños de diferente extracción social JF - S. Millán (Ed.), Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 232-246. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Analyst as a Person: Fromm's Approach to Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, Tübingen 1996, pp. 171-194. [= Gojman de Millán, S., 1996] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - A Socioeconomic Dimension of the Therapeutic Relationship. The Analyst’s Perspective JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 6 (No. 4, December 1997), pp. 241-249. N2 - Two clinical vignettes are described. I wish to show how much an open recognition of the social conditions of both participants in a treatment process may enrich the analyst's understanding of the transference-countertransference dynamics. I claim that although analysts intuitively integrate this aspect of the therapeutic relationship they commonly do it without a specific formulation. In an explicit and systematic manner, Fromm emphasized the social dimensions of human experience. His background knowledge of the social sciences framed his therapeutic practice. The clinical implications which derive from this perspective will be illustrated. The clinical material which I present shows how today's psychoanalytic attention to the dynamic interaction between analyst and patient while it enables us to deal with the complexity and different layers of the treatment process can also include the social dimension. The benefits and difficulties of developing our consciousness about our own social roles and our involvement in the social milieu deserve our careful and critical attention. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Reply JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 6 (No. 4, December 1997), p. 252. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Fobias a los animales JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Los animales, personales en el mundo de los niños. (= colección diálogos 2), México 1997, pp. 51-62. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - La magia de ser niño. Comentario sobre: Don Travesuras y Don Prisas. Obra de Roger Hargreaves JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán, 1997, El aguiero de las sorpresas diálogo entrañable. Psicoanálisis del cuento infantil (= colección diálogos 1), México 1997, pp. 13-20. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Modernización Versus Desarrollo Femenino Autogestivo JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 37-50. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - ¿Quienes Vienen a la Clínica? Perfil Social JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 359-368. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - El procso de intervencion sociopsicoanalitica en una comunidad minera JF - Comunitaria. Psicologia social, numero especial 1, México 1996, pp. 205-223. [= GOJMAN de MILLÁN, S., 1992 Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Voice of Sentiopil, Son of the Corn. Ancient Nahuatl Prophet for Our Times Paper presented at the 8th. Forum of the IFPS in Athens, May 15-18, 1996, 13 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Sobre el encuentro terapéutico y los diálogos interiores. Un recorrido no desquiciado a través del holocausto paper presented at the IFPS Forum X at Madrid, May 1998. Typescript 8 p. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Postmondern contextualism. Meaning and the Theory of Social Character. Paper presented at the IFPS XI International Forum in New York, May 4-7, 2000. Typescript 3 pp. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Contextualismo postmoderno, significado y la teoría del charácter social. Paper presented at the IFPS XI International Forum in New York, May 4-7, 2000. Typescript 7 p. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Four kinds of moral values among children, 21 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Class-related experiences in children's dreams, 15 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Sociopsicoanálisis. Una contribución de la teoria psicoanalítica a la investigación social, 10 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Relative Poverty: selfrespect and dignity among Mexican peasant women, 23 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Prefacio JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Cuadernos III. Dialogo con Erich Fromm. Entrevistado por Richard Evans. Seminario de Sociopsicoanalisis, México 1992, pp. VII-VIII. Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Kinderträume Presentation at a Mexican German Seminar on Social Field Research in Tübingen, May 1994, 3 pp. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Sueños de Niños, Presentation at a Mexican German Seminar on Social Field Research in Tübingen, May 1994, 3 pp. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - A view of social contradicitions from the consulting room. A clinical approach rooted in Erich Fromm's thought, Lecture given at Therapeia, the Helsinki Psychoanalytic Institute, 21. 9. 1995 (Typescript), 33 and 10 pp. Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Development of Latin-American Societies in the IFPS JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 2, 2014), pp. 104-110. N2 - The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) was created to achieve an open, plural spirit, not constrained by any single psychoanalytic theory, such that one of its main aims was to >avoid the bureaucratization of its theory.< The IFPS did not intend to turn its back on the statements of early psychoanalysis; instead, it sought to use them as a basis for proposing and developing the theory of psychoanalysis. These same aims and origins served as an inspiration for each of the Latin-American societies that would gain affiliation to IFPS over the years. The Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana AC, under the guidance and representation of Erich Fromm, played a central role in the creation of the IFPS. A brief account of the participation, affiliation, and development of each of the six affiliated Latin-American Societies – from Mexico, Brazil, and Chile – and one Study Group in Argentina will be described. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Dreams and Social Character in the Megacrisis of Today paper presented at a meeting on social character in Washington, May 10-12, 1996, 15 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1996 ER -