TY - JOUR A1 - Ridwan, Auliya T1 - The Changing Roles of Ulama and the Evolution of Islamic Schools: Some Insights from Moroccan and Indonesian Cases JF - Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), Vol. 10, No. 2 (2022), pp. 149-162. [Online ISSN 2527-4511] [jurnalpai.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/jurnalpai/article/view/1385/194] N2 - Ulama, yang merupakan para sarjana dalam tradisi Islam, memainkan peran penting dalam melestarikan ajaran Nabi dan meneruskannya ke generasi berikutnya. Selain itu, mereka juga memiliki fungsi sosial lain yang penting. Kombinasi peran keagamaan dan sosial dalam ulama memungkinkan mereka memengaruhi perubahan sosial dengan legitimasi keagamaan. Artikel ini menjelajahi bagaimana peran sosial ulama telah berkembang dari waktu ke waktu dan bagaimana hal ini telah memengaruhi keberadaan sekolah-sekolah Islam. Untuk mengilustrasikan ini, contoh diambil dari literatur mengenai Maroko dan Indonesia selama abad ke-20 dan ke-21. Selama periode kolonial di Maroko, ulama dan sekolah Islam berperan sebagai pertahanan budaya terhadap pengaruh kolonial Prancis. Sementara itu, di Indonesia, sekolah-sekolah Islam yang dipimpin oleh ulama menjadi landasan gerakan perlawanan Muslim terhadap pemerintahan kolonial Belanda. Dalam kedua kasus tersebut, sarjana dan sekolah Islam menunjukkan kemampuan mereka dalam merespons situasi sosial aktual, menyoroti kekuatan budaya dan pentingnya dalam masyarakat. N2 - The ulama, who are scholars in the Islamic tradition, play a vital role in preserving the prophet's teachings and passing them down to future generations. In addition to this, they also have other important social functions. The combination of religious and social roles within the ulama allows them to influence social change with religious legitimacy. This article explores how the social roles of the ulama have evolved over time and how this has impacted the existence of Islamic schools. To illustrate this, examples are drawn from the literature on Morocco and Indonesia during the 20th and 21st centuries. During the colonial period in Morocco, the ulama and Islamic schools served as a cultural defense against French colonial influence. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, Islamic schools led by Ulama became the foundation of the Muslim resistance movement against Dutch colonial rule. In both cases, Islamic scholars and schools demonstrated their ability to respond to actual social situations, highlighting their cultural power and importance in societ. Y1 - 2022 ER -