TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Some Remarks on the Oedipus Complex from an Ethological Point of View JF - Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, New York (John Wiley and Sons, Inc.) Vol. 12 (No. 4, 1984), pp. 471-490. N2 - Starting from the classical psychoanalytic view that, in human evolution, an overlap of sexual maturation and dependency [489] occurred, the oedipal situation is regarded as an innate behavioral sequence that also includes appropriate parental responses. An integration between this level of development and the earlier sequence of symbiosis and separation is attempted. In this connection, Bowlby’s concept of the subsidiary at-tachment figure plays a central role. The links between pathological developments at the oedipal level and those at the earlier level are investigated, and clinical examples are provided. In many cases, the Oedipus complex is considered to be the culmination of a bad symbiosis. The hypothesis is then put forth that the Oedipus complex, as a pathological structure, is an historical phenomenon which arose when cultural devel-opments interfered with the appropriate parental responses. It is suggested that these developments were the changes which took place after the advent of agriculture, in particular the changes in family and character structure connected with the peasant adaptation. Finally, the relevance of these problems to training analysis is discussed. Y1 - 1984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Ethological Aspects of the Work of Erich Fromm JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York Vol. 21 (No. 1, 1985), pp. 156-166, (W. A. W. Institute). N2 - With emphasis on E. FROMM's (1947) Man for Himself, an ethological perspective on the relationship between FROMM's interpersonal-cultural theory of behavior and J. Bowlby's (1969, 1973, 1980) attachment theory is presented. Extensions of the attachment theory to autonomy needs, the Oedipus complex, symbiosis, peer relationships, and the family are proposed. Specific aspects of FROMM's theories that are related to ethological principles include the concept of a basic split between humans and nature, the idea of a humanistic conscience, the idea of productive love, and the definition of productiveness. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Attachment Theory as an Alternative Basis of Psychoanalysis. Paper Presented to the VII. International Forum of Psychoanalysis at Zürich, Zürich 1985, 11 pp. (Typoscript). Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere socialle tedesco e confronti transculturali Paper presented at a congress on Il confronto con l'estraneo in Verona on September 11, 1993. Typoscript 10 pp. N2 - Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character. N2 - >Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere sociale tedesco e confronti transculturali<: Vengono descritte la teoria dell'attaccamento, così come è stata sviluppata da Bowlby, e la ricerca empirica che ne è derivata, a cominciare dalla Strange Situation della Ainsworth e dalle osservazioni in casa ad essa correlate. Vengono pure riferiti gli studi sulla trasmissione transgenerazionale, sui modelli di lavoro interni e gli studi longitudinali. L'argomento principale del lavoro è costituito dagli studi transculturali condotti in Germania, Israele e Giappone. Nella Germania settentrionale, in confronto agli Stati Uniti, venne trovata una frequenza maggiore di comportamenti evitanti nei bambini. Questo dato è stato correlato con la richiesta culturale di una prematura fiducia in sé. Si suggerisce che nei bambini evitanti della Germania settentrionale noi vediamo l'ontogenesi precoce del carattere autoritario. N2 - >Resúmen de datos empíricos sobre el carácter social alemán y compararciones transculturales<: En la ponencia se describen la teoría del apego, como tal desarrollada por Bowlby y una investigación empírica derivada de ella, comenzando con la >extraña situación< de Ainsworth y las correspondientes observaciones que se refieren al caso. Se describen, asímismo, los estudios de la transmisión de modelos transgeneracionales y de los modelos que trabajan internamente como también estudios longitudinales. El argumento principal de la ponencia se refiere a estudios transculturales desarrollados en Alemania, Israel y Japón. Comparado con los EEUU, en Alemania del Norte se registró una mayor frecuencia de comportamiento esquivo en los bebés. Dicho resultado ha sido relacionado con la exigencia cultural de una prematura confianza en sí mismo. Se sugiere que en los niños en cuestión se ve la ontogenia precoz del carácter autoritario. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Vergleichende empirische Daten zur Entstehung des deutschen Gesellschafts-Charakters. Paper presented at a congress on >Der Umgang mit dem Fremden< in Verona on September 11, 1993. Typoscript 8 pp. [Published in 1994] N2 - Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character. N2 - >Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere sociale tedesco e confronti transculturali<: Vengono descritte la teoria dell'attaccamento, così come è stata sviluppata da Bowlby, e la ricerca empirica che ne è derivata, a cominciare dalla Strange Situation della Ainsworth e dalle osservazioni in casa ad essa correlate. Vengono pure riferiti gli studi sulla trasmissione transgenerazionale, sui modelli di lavoro interni e gli studi longitudinali. L'argomento principale del lavoro è costituito dagli studi transculturali condotti in Germania, Israele e Giappone. Nella Germania settentrionale, in confronto agli Stati Uniti, venne trovata una frequenza maggiore di comportamenti evitanti nei bambini. Questo dato è stato correlato con la richiesta culturale di una prematura fiducia in sé. Si suggerisce che nei bambini evitanti della Germania settentrionale noi vediamo l'ontogenesi precoce del carattere autoritario. N2 - >Resúmen de datos empíricos sobre el carácter social alemán y compararciones transculturales<: En la ponencia se describen la teoría del apego, como tal desarrollada por Bowlby y una investigación empírica derivada de ella, comenzando con la >extraña situación< de Ainsworth y las correspondientes observaciones que se refieren al caso. Se describen, asímismo, los estudios de la transmisión de modelos transgeneracionales y de los modelos que trabajan internamente como también estudios longitudinales. El argumento principal de la ponencia se refiere a estudios transculturales desarrollados en Alemania, Israel y Japón. Comparado con los EEUU, en Alemania del Norte se registró una mayor frecuencia de comportamiento esquivo en los bebés. Dicho resultado ha sido relacionado con la exigencia cultural de una prematura confianza en sí mismo. Se sugiere que en los niños en cuestión se ve la ontogenia precoz del carácter autoritario. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - L'influenza di Ferenczi su Fromm JF - Psicoterapia e scienze umane, Milano (Franco Angeli) Vol. XXVI (No. 4, 1992), pp. 39-55. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Empirical Data on the Ontogeny of the German Social Character, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons Paper presented at a congress on Dealing with the Alien in Verona on September 11, 1993. Typoscript 14 pp. N2 - Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character. N2 - >Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere sociale tedesco e confronti transculturali<: Vengono descritte la teoria dell'attaccamento, così come è stata sviluppata da Bowlby, e la ricerca empirica che ne è derivata, a cominciare dalla Strange Situation della Ainsworth e dalle osservazioni in casa ad essa correlate. Vengono pure riferiti gli studi sulla trasmissione transgenerazionale, sui modelli di lavoro interni e gli studi longitudinali. L'argomento principale del lavoro è costituito dagli studi transculturali condotti in Germania, Israele e Giappone. Nella Germania settentrionale, in confronto agli Stati Uniti, venne trovata una frequenza maggiore di comportamenti evitanti nei bambini. Questo dato è stato correlato con la richiesta culturale di una prematura fiducia in sé. Si suggerisce che nei bambini evitanti della Germania settentrionale noi vediamo l'ontogenesi precoce del carattere autoritario. N2 - >Resúmen de datos empíricos sobre el carácter social alemán y compararciones transculturales<: En la ponencia se describen la teoría del apego, como tal desarrollada por Bowlby y una investigación empírica derivada de ella, comenzando con la >extraña situación< de Ainsworth y las correspondientes observaciones que se refieren al caso. Se describen, asímismo, los estudios de la transmisión de modelos transgeneracionales y de los modelos que trabajan internamente como también estudios longitudinales. El argumento principal de la ponencia se refiere a estudios transculturales desarrollados en Alemania, Israel y Japón. Comparado con los EEUU, en Alemania del Norte se registró una mayor frecuencia de comportamiento esquivo en los bebés. Dicho resultado ha sido relacionado con la exigencia cultural de una prematura confianza en sí mismo. Se sugiere que en los niños en cuestión se ve la ontogenia precoz del carácter autoritario. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Review Burston, D. R.: The Legacy of Erich Fromm JF - Journal of The American Acedamy of Psychoanalysis, New York (The American Academy of Psychoanalysis), Vol. 21 (No. 2, 1993), pp. 319-324. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Fromm's Views on Narcissism and the Self JF - J. Fiscalini and A. L. Grey (Eds.), Narcissism and the Interpersonal Self New York (Columbia University Press) 1993, pp. 91-106. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Vergleichende empirische Daten zur Entstehung des deutschen Gesellschafts-Charakter JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen – Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (LIT Verlag), Vol. 5 (1994): Vom Umgang mit dem Fremden, pp. 61-69. [= Bacciagaluppi, M., 1993b] N2 - Attachment theory, as developed by Bowlby, and empirical research derived from it, beginning with Ainsworth's >Strange Situation< and the correlated home observations, are described. The studies of the transgenerational transmission of patterns and of the internal working models of the relationship, as well as longitudinal studies, are reported. The main focus of the paper is on cross-cultural studies, carried out in Germany, Israel and Japan. In North Germany, as compared to the U. S., there was a higher frequency of avoidant behavior in babies. This finding has been linked with the cultural demand for premature self-reliance. It is suggested that in the avoidant North German children we see the early ontogeny of the authoritarian character. N2 - >Dati empirici sull'ontogenesi del carattere sociale tedesco e confronti transculturali<: Vengono descritte la teoria dell'attaccamento, così come è stata sviluppata da Bowlby, e la ricerca empirica che ne è derivata, a cominciare dalla Strange Situation della Ainsworth e dalle osservazioni in casa ad essa correlate. Vengono pure riferiti gli studi sulla trasmissione transgenerazionale, sui modelli di lavoro interni e gli studi longitudinali. L'argomento principale del lavoro è costituito dagli studi transculturali condotti in Germania, Israele e Giappone. Nella Germania settentrionale, in confronto agli Stati Uniti, venne trovata una frequenza maggiore di comportamenti evitanti nei bambini. Questo dato è stato correlato con la richiesta culturale di una prematura fiducia in sé. Si suggerisce che nei bambini evitanti della Germania settentrionale noi vediamo l'ontogenesi precoce del carattere autoritario. N2 - >Resúmen de datos empíricos sobre el carácter social alemán y compararciones transculturales<: En la ponencia se describen la teoría del apego, como tal desarrollada por Bowlby y una investigación empírica derivada de ella, comenzando con la >extraña situación< de Ainsworth y las correspondientes observaciones que se refieren al caso. Se describen, asímismo, los estudios de la transmisión de modelos transgeneracionales y de los modelos que trabajan internamente como también estudios longitudinales. El argumento principal de la ponencia se refiere a estudios transculturales desarrollados en Alemania, Israel y Japón. Comparado con los EEUU, en Alemania del Norte se registró una mayor frecuencia de comportamiento esquivo en los bebés. Dicho resultado ha sido relacionado con la exigencia cultural de una prematura confianza en sí mismo. Se sugiere que en los niños en cuestión se ve la ontogenia precoz del carácter autoritario. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w05/1994g Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The relevance of attachment research to psychoanalysis and analytic social psychology JF - Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 22 (No. 3, 1994), pp. 465-479. N2 - Reviews empirical research generated by J. Bowlby's (1980) attachment theory (AT), focusing on transgenerational transmission of attachment patterns, internal working models, cross-cultural studies, and longitudinal studies. It is claimed that AT and research support the alternative psychoanalytic approach initiated by S. Ferenczi (1932), particularly regarding the reevaluation of real-life traumatic events, the occurrence of personality splits after childhood trauma, and the aggravation of trauma due to its denial by adults. The concepts of transgenerational transmission and of alternative developmental pathways are further contributions to an alternative psychoanalytic framework. Attention is also called to the relevance of the cross-cultural studies to clinical psychoanalysis and to E. FROMM's analytic social psychology. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The influence of Ferenczi on Bowlby JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 3 (No. 2, June 1994), pp. 97-101. N2 - Suggests 5 traits that J. Bowlby shares with S. Ferenczi including the emphasis on the child's primary relatedness to the mother; independence of mind leading to ostracism on the part of the psychoanalytic establishment; and recognition of the importance of real-life traumatic events in psychopathology. Additional traits are the stress of a loving relationship in normal development, the denial of trauma on the part of the environment, and the dissociation of the traumatic experience on the part of the child. The differences between the 2 authors in terms of their evolutionary thinking are discussed. Bowlby may be viewed as one of the strongest exponents of Ferenczi's alternative psychoanalytic ap-proach. (German and Spanish abstracts) Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The link between Erich Fromm and John Bowlby. Lecture held at the Institute for Self Analysis, London, October 15, 1994. So far never published. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Report from Locarno T2 - Academy Forum, New York (The American Academy of Psychoanalysis) Vol. 33 (No. 1/2, 1989), pp. 13f. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromm's Views on Psychoanalytic >Technique< JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (The Academic Press, Inc.), Vol. 25 (No. 2, April 1989), pp. 226-243 [= BACCIAGALUPPI, M., 1988. N2 - Compares FROMM's position on psychoanalytic technique with that of other analysts. Of the 2 essential therapeutic factors, insight and experience of new relationships, FROMM only stresses the first. Yet, his insistence on direct relatedness implies that the patient's experience of a new relationship with the analyst would inevitably become the 2nd major factor in a FROMMian analysis. However, FROMM never discussed this in theoretical terms. FROMM's reference to nonerotic love would lead one to define his attitude as that of parental love, although FROMM would suspect this definition to encourage in the analyst a narcissistic self-image as a good parent. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Fromm's View on Narcissism and the Self Milano 1989, 26 pp. (Private Typoscript, published as Bacciagaluppi, M., 1993f). [Cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1990d] Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The Role of Aggressiveness in the Work of John Bowlby JF - Free Associations, London Vol. 16 (1989), pp. 123-134. N2 - This article attempts to integrate Bowlby’s various contributions to the subject of ag-gressiveness. His early views, the role of aggressiveness in attachment theory and his more recent work on violence in the family are reported. In both his early and his later work Bowlby distinguishes between a primary form of aggressiveness which is reactive to frustration – in particular to separation – and a secondary form which arises from the first as a result of adverse parental reactions. His more recent work stresses the impor-tance of the displacement of parental hostility on to the children – due to role reversal – in eliciting dysfunctional anger in children. It is suggested that this component was al-ready implicit in much of Bowlby’s previous work on separation. It is further suggested that J.P. Scott’s model of agonistic behaviour is relevant in these situations. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Attachment Theory as an Alternative Basis of Psychoanalysis JF - The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, New York Vol. 49 (No. 4, 1989), pp. 311-318. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Le idee di Erich Fromm sulla ‚technica< psicoanalitica JF - Psicoterapia e scienze numane, Milano, Vol. XXIII (No. 3, 1989), pp. 43-60. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Diverse modalità di partecipazione analitica. Partial transcription of a tape recording, presumably in March 1989 while teaching at the Fromm institute in Bologna. – Not authorized. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The Relevance of Erich Fromm JF - Academy Forum, New York (American Academy of Psychoanalysis), Vol. 34, No. 4, Winter 1990, pp. 6f. Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - A Congress to Commemorate Erich Fromm: Heidelberg, March 1990 T2 - Academy Forum, New York (American Academy of Psychoanalysis), Vol. 34, No. 4, Winter 1990, pp. 7f. Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromms Ansichten zur psychoanalytischen >Technik< JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen – Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (LIT Verlag), Vol. 1 (1990), pp. 85-107. [= BACCIAGALUPPI, M., 1988a]. N2 - Fromm wrote very little on psychoanalytic technique, and his views have to be reconstructed mainly from unpublished and indirect sources. In this paper, a systematic comparison between Freud and Fromm on twelve points of technique is carried out. Fromm agrees with Freud that the aim of psychoanalysis is that of making the unconscious conscious, but he extends this aim to the full recovery of the unconscious. Fromm differs most sharply from Freud on the role of the analyst. In his view, the detached attitude is the most serious defect in Freud’s technique. According to Fromm, the analyst should be his full self with the patient and aim at a >core-to-core< relatedness. He should offer himself as an object of transference, but also as a real person. Resistances should be approached very actively. In this modification of Freud’s technique, Fromm views Ferenczi and Sullivan as his precursors. Fromm’s position is also compared with more recent psychoanalytic developments. It is suggested that, by being intensely involved at an empathic level but by not seeing himself as inevitably enmeshed in the repetition of the past and by not making the therapeutic interaction explicit, Fromm belongs to the analysts characterized by >participation with< and not to those characterized by >participation in<. N2 - Fromm ha scritto molto poco sulla tecnica psicoanalitica, e le sue vedute vanno ricostruite soprattutto sulla base di fonti inedite e indirette. In questo lavoro viene condotto un confronto sistematico tra Freud e Fromm su dodici aspetti della tecnica. Fromm è d’accordo con Freud che lo scopo della psicoanalisi sia quello di rendere cosciente l’inconscio, ma amplia questo scopo fino al pieno recupero dell’inconscio. La differenza più netta rispetto a Freud riguarda il ruolo dello psicoanalista. Secondo Fromm, l’atteggiamento distaccato è il difetto più grave della tecnica di Freud. L’analista invece deve entrare in contatto col paziente con tutto se stesso e stabilire un rapporto >dal profondo al profondo<. Deve offrirsi come oggetto transferale, ma anche come persona reale. Le resistenze vanno affrontate molto attivamente. In questa modificazione della tecnica di Freud, Fromm considera Ferenczi e Sullivan come suoi precursori. La posizione di Fromm viene anche confrontata con sviluppi più recenti della psicoanalisi. Viene suggerito che, per il fatto di essere intensamente coinvolto a livello empatico ma di non vedersi come inevitabilmente coinvolto nella ripetizione del passato e di non rendere esplicita l’interazione terapeutica, Fromm appartine agli analisti caratterizzati dalla >partecipazione con< e non a quelli caratterizzati dalla >partecipazione a<. N2 - >La visión de Erich Fromm acerca de la >técnica< psicoanalítica<: Fromm escribió muy poco sobre la técnica psicoanalítica y sus puntos de vista deben ser reconstruidos principalmente de fuentes indirectas e inéditas. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una comparación sistemática entre Freud y Fromm sobre doce aspectos de tal técnica. Fromm concuerda con Freud en que el objetivo del psicoanálisis es hacer consciente el inconsciente. El aspecto en el cual Fromm más fuertemente difiere de Freud es aquel del rol del analista. Desde su punto de vista, el defecto más serio de la técnica de Freud reside en la actitud distanciada de éste frente al paciente. De acuerdo con Fromm, el analista debería estar de lleno con su paciente y aspirar a una relación de >corazón a corazón<; él mismo debería ofrecerse como objeto de transferencia, pero también como una persona real. Las resistencias deberían ser abordadas en forma muy activa. En esta modificación de la técnica de Freud, Fromm considera a Ferenczi y a Sullivan como sus precursores. La posición de Fromm es también comparada con el desarrollo analítico más reciente. Se postula que, al comprometerse intensamente a un nivel empático, pero sin considerarse a sí mismo como inevitablemente envuelto en la repetición del pasado y al no hacer la interacción terapeútica explícita, Fromm pertenece a los analistas caracterizados por su >participación con< y no a aquellos caracterizados por su >participación en<. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w01/1990h Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Inversion of Parent-Child Relationships: A Contribution to Attachment Theory JF - British Journal of Medical Psychology, London Vol. 58 (1985), pp. 369-373. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Guilt according to Erich Fromm Presentation on the Erich Fromm International Symposium in Firenze 1986, 14 pp. (Typoscript). [Cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1988c] Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Early views on aggressiveness in the work of John Bowlby 30 pp. (Typoscript). N2 - Attempts to understand how God can command man to love Him. Considers the views of William Moran, Theodor Reik, Erich FROMM, Hermann Cohen, Martin Buber, H. J. Heschel, and Franz Rosenzweig. Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Review Boyd, R. and P. J. Richerson, Culture and the Evolutionary Process JF - Politics and the Life Sciences, Vol. 5 (No. 1, August 1985), pp. 149f. Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The Role of Aggressiveness in the Work of John Bowlby 20 pp. (Typoscript). [Cf. JF - Bacciagaluppi, M., 1989c] Y1 - 1987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Proximate and Remote Causation of Psychopathology in an Ethological Framework Paper presented at the Sociophysiology Satellite Symposium of the IBRO Secon World Congress of Neurosciences in Pécs, Hunagry, August 1987, 18 pp. Y1 - 1987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromm's Views on Psychoanalytic >Technique< JF - Erich Fromm – Life and Work, Symposium of the International Erich Fromm Society 1988 in Locarno, Tübingen (Private Print) 1988, 28 pp. N2 - Comments on the treatment of a case of writer's cramp described by G. Condrau (see PA, Vol 76:12640) is discussed from the perspective of the humanist psychoanalysis of E. FROMM. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromms Ansichten zur psychoanalytischen >Technik< JF - Erich Fromm. Zu Leben und Werk. Referate des Symposium der Internationalen Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft 1988 in Locarno, Tübingen (Typoscript) 1988, 32 pp. N2 - Fromm wrote very little on psychoanalytic technique, and his views have to be reconstructed mainly from unpublished and indirect sources. In this paper, a systematic comparison between Freud and Fromm on twelve points of technique is carried out. Fromm agrees with Freud that the aim of psychoanalysis is that of making the unconscious conscious, but he extends this aim to the full recovery of the unconscious. Fromm differs most sharply from Freud on the role of the analyst. In his view, the detached attitude is the most serious defect in Freud’s technique. According to Fromm, the analyst should be his full self with the patient and aim at a >core-to-core< relatedness. He should offer himself as an object of transference, but also as a real person. Resistances should be approached very actively. In this modification of Freud’s technique, Fromm views Ferenczi and Sullivan as his precursors. Fromm’s position is also compared with more recent psychoanalytic developments. It is suggested that, by being intensely involved at an empathic level but by not seeing himself as inevitably enmeshed in the repetition of the past and by not making the therapeutic interaction explicit, Fromm belongs to the analysts characterized by >participation with< and not to those characterized by >participation in<. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Le idee di Erich Fromm sulla >Tecnica< psicoanalitica Erich Fromm – Vita e opere. Simposio in cura di Società Internazionale Erich Fromm 1988 in Locarno, Tübingen (Typoscript) 1988, 28 pp. N2 - Fromm wrote very little on psychoanalytic technique, and his views have to be reconstructed mainly from unpublished and indirect sources. In this paper, a systematic comparison between Freud and Fromm on twelve points of technique is carried out. Fromm agrees with Freud that the aim of psychoanalysis is that of making the unconscious conscious, but he extends this aim to the full recovery of the unconscious. Fromm differs most sharply from Freud on the role of the analyst. In his view, the detached attitude is the most serious defect in Freud’s technique. According to Fromm, the analyst should be his full self with the patient and aim at a >core-to-core< relatedness. He should offer himself as an object of transference, but also as a real person. Resistances should be approached very actively. In this modification of Freud’s technique, Fromm views Ferenczi and Sullivan as his precursors. Fromm’s position is also compared with more recent psychoanalytic developments. It is suggested that, by being intensely involved at an empathic level but by not seeing himself as inevitably enmeshed in the repetition of the past and by not making the therapeutic interaction explicit, Fromm belongs to the analysts characterized by >participation with< and not to those characterized by >participation in<. N2 - Fromm ha scritto molto poco sulla tecnica psicoanalitica, e le sue vedute vanno ricostruite soprattutto sulla base di fonti inedite e indirette. In questo lavoro viene condotto un confronto sistematico tra Freud e Fromm su dodici aspetti della tecnica. Fromm è d’accordo con Freud che lo scopo della psicoanalisi sia quello di rendere cosciente l’inconscio, ma amplia questo scopo fino al pieno recupero dell’inconscio. La differenza più netta rispetto a Freud riguarda il ruolo dello psicoanalista. Secondo Fromm, l’atteggiamento distaccato è il difetto più grave della tecnica di Freud. L’analista invece deve entrare in contatto col paziente con tutto se stesso e stabilire un rapporto >dal profondo al profondo<. Deve offrirsi come oggetto transferale, ma anche come persona reale. Le resistenze vanno affrontate molto attivamente. In questa modificazione della tecnica di Freud, Fromm considera Ferenczi e Sullivan come suoi precursori. La posizione di Fromm viene anche confrontata con sviluppi più recenti della psicoanalisi. Viene suggerito che, per il fatto di essere intensamente coinvolto a livello empatico ma di non vedersi come inevitabilmente coinvolto nella ripetizione del passato e di non rendere esplicita l’interazione terapeutica, Fromm appartine agli analisti caratterizzati dalla >partecipazione con< e non a quelli caratterizzati dalla >partecipazione a<. N2 - >La visión de Erich Fromm acerca de la >técnica< psicoanalítica<: Fromm escribió muy poco sobre la técnica psicoanalítica y sus puntos de vista deben ser reconstruidos principalmente de fuentes indirectas e inéditas. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una comparación sistemática entre Freud y Fromm sobre doce aspectos de tal técnica. Fromm concuerda con Freud en que el objetivo del psicoanálisis es hacer consciente el inconsciente. El aspecto en el cual Fromm más fuertemente difiere de Freud es aquel del rol del analista. Desde su punto de vista, el defecto más serio de la técnica de Freud reside en la actitud distanciada de éste frente al paciente. De acuerdo con Fromm, el analista debería estar de lleno con su paciente y aspirar a una relación de >corazón a corazón<; él mismo debería ofrecerse como objeto de transferencia, pero también como una persona real. Las resistencias deberían ser abordadas en forma muy activa. En esta modificación de la técnica de Freud, Fromm considera a Ferenczi y a Sullivan como sus precursores. La posición de Fromm es también comparada con el desarrollo analítico más reciente. Se postula que, al comprometerse intensamente a un nivel empático, pero sin considerarse a sí mismo como inevitablemente envuelto en la repetición del pasado y al no hacer la interacción terapeútica explícita, Fromm pertenece a los analistas caracterizados por su >participación con< y no a aquellos caracterizados por su >participación en<. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Guild according to Erich Fromm JF - P. L. Eletti (Ed.), Incontro con Erich Fromm. Atti del Simposio Internazionale su Erich Fromm: >Dalla necrofilia alla biofilia: linee per una psicoanalisi umanistica< Firenze 1986, Firenze (Edizioni Medicea) 1988, pp. 279-286. N2 - Fromm’s distinction between authoritarian and humanistic conscience is summarized. Recent de-velopments in the fields of psychoanalysis, evolutionary biology and developmental psychology, leading to a reconceptualization of guilt, are reported. It is claimed that these developments were anticipated by Fromm. On the other hand, they can integrate Fromm’s concepts as regards onto-genesis, aggression and phylogenesis. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Report from Europe – Klobenstein; Reichenau T2 - Academy Forum, Vol. 39 (No. 4, Winter 1995), pp. 7-8. Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Totem y Tabu de Freud y la revision de Fromm del complejo de Edipo a la luz de la teoria evolucionista moderna JF - Institucion clinica y psicoanalisis, edited by AEPA, Almagesto, Buenos Ayres, 1995, pp. 1-8. [Cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1997a.] Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Guilt According to Erich Fromm JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 32 (1996), pp. 455-462. N2 - Compares the similarities and differences in H. S. Sullivan's and E. FROMM's concepts of the human personality. Both emphasize interpersonal factors in person-ality formation and personal difficulties, and give relatively less importance to biological drives. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Fromm's Clinical Practice: Insight or New Experience? JF - M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 223-234. N2 - Marco Bacciagaluppi attempts to place Fromm's clinical approach within the spectrum of current psychoanalytic models of therapy. Based on Goldberg, Hoffman, and Hirsch, among others, Bacciagaluppi distinguishes three therapeutic stances: the observationalinterpretative stance, in which the analyst observes conflict and limits his participation to providing insight; the >participation with< stance of empathic immersion into the patient's experience; and the >participation in< stance, which recognizes the analyst's inevitable involvement in (and likely reenactment of) the patient's problems. Bacciagaluppi notes several discrepancies in Fromm's approach, including the discrepancy between Fromm's advanced theoretical position, which places him in the >participation in< position, and his emphasis on insight, which places him in the observational-interpretative position. A second discrepancy is that between Fromm's emphasis on providing insight and the importance he attributed to providing a new experience for the patient. Bacciagaluppi concentrates primarily on the second discrepancy and illustrates Fromm's approach using a published case he supervised. – In the clinical case, Fromm is empathic and respectful toward the young woman's traumatic history and emphasizes, like Ferenczi and Bowlby, the importance of real-life experience. At the same time, Fromm states that the essence of analytical cure resides in the conflict engendered by the meeting of the rational and irrational parts of the personality. Bacciagaluppi points out that Fromm at times seems to downplay the importance of the analyst, and lists the personality of the analyst as just one of seven other factors that are important in clinical work. In discussing the importance of new experience in therapeutic change, Bacciagaluppi points out that new experience is seldom new, and that we often find the existence of >weak precursors< (Hoffman 1983) that provided in childhood a supportive and positive experience for the patient. Bacciagaluppi points out that we should be grateful for these weak precursors, and need to be modest in our claims to success as healers, as we are often building on the positive contributions of others who preceded us. Bacciagaluppi offers two clinical examples that illustrate the weak precursor concept. The first example exemplifies a case in which the history of a weak precursor was present from the onset of the therapy. In the second example the existence of a positive figure in the patient's life emerged only much later in the therapy. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Seminario sulla tecnica psicoanalitica di Erich Fromm presentation at the Associazione Fiorentina degli Psicoanalisti Neo-Freudiani on January 27, 1996, Typoscript 18 pp. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromm's Views on Psychoanalytic >Technique< JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, Tübingen 1996, pp. 47-64. [= BACCIAGALUPPI, M., 1989] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Seminario sulla tecnica psicoanalitica di Erich Fromm JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, Tübingen 1996, pp. 65-82. [= BACCIAGALUPPI, M., 1996] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Discussion of >A Socioeconomic Dimension of the Therapeutic Relationship< by Sonia Gojman de Millán JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 6 (No. 4, December 1997), pp. 250-251. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Freud’s Totem and Taboo and Fromm’s Revision of the Oedipus Complex in the Light of Modern Evolutionary Theory JF - T. Dufresne (Ed.), Freud Under Analysis. History, Theory, Practice. Essays in Honor of Paul Roazen, Northvale and London (Jason Aronson) 1997, pp. 111-121. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Introduction to the Special Section: Contemporary Psychoanalysis in Italy JF - The Journal of the Academy of Psychoanalysis, New York and London (The Guildford Press), Vol. 26 (No. 1, Spring 1998), pp. 1-3. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Le vedute di Fromm sul narcisismo e sul sé JF - Psicoterapia e scienze umane, no. 3, 1990, pp. 66-81. [for manuscript cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1989b; for English version cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1993f.] Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Altri temi frommiani: il rapporto da centro a centro e >nil humani a me alienum puto'. Paper presented at a Workshop on Frommian Therapeutic Practice, August 30 – September 1, 1991, in Verbania-Pallanza, Typoscript 12 p. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - More Frommian themes: core-to-core relatedness and >there is nothing human which is alien to me'. Paper presented at a Workshop on Frommian Therapeutic Practice, August 30 – September 1, 1991, in Verbania-Pallanza, Typoscript 11 p. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Introduction. The Clinical Fromm: Patient's Change JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 27 (1991), pp. 579-580. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - A Workshop on Erich Fromm. Report of the Workshop on Frommian Therapeutic Practice, to be published in Academy Forum, Typoscript 1991, 5 pp. [Cf. Bacciagaluppi, M., 1992a] Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Introduzione del curatore a E. Fromm, >Le cause del mutamento del paziente nel trattamento analitico< JF - Psicoterapia e scienze umane, Milano Vol. XXIV (No. 3, 1990), pp. 82-83. [= BACCIAGALUPPI, M., 1991b Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Review Burston, D. R.: The Legacy of Erich Fromm, Typoscript 1992, 13 pp. [Cfl. Publication as Bacciagaluppi, M., 1993e] Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - A Workshop on Erich Fromm. Meeting Report [of Verbania Workshop August 30 through September 1] T2 - Academy Forum, New York (The American Academy of Psychoanalysis), Vol. 36 (No. 1-2, 1992), pp. 12-13. Y1 - 1992 ER -