TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Ye T1 - Female Life Consciousness in Pearl S. Buck's Works [赛珍珠小说中的女性生命意识], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Pearl S. Buck is On one of the most famous and controversial figures ever to influence American and Chinese cultural and literary history of Her novels break new ground in the subject matter, especially in her representations of Asia, and above all in her portraits of Asian women. As a woman herself, she writes about female figures with compassion and sympathy. The female characters in her works differ from those by the male authors. She advocates love, equality, liberty, and harmonious relationships between man and woman. Her works exude strong feminine consciousness about individual identity, self-worth, and above all about life call this female life consciousness. Life consciousness first originates from man's love for life and for the living. American psychologist Erich Fromm calls it as the love for life and the living, biophilia. Life is not merely an existence, but a state of being with meaning and significance. If man loves life, he must seek meanings in life. Thus life consciousness should be a self-awared consciousness, with which one seeks self-worth, seeks identity and tries to realize one's being as a meaningful individual, to fulfill self-actualization. Female is differed from male mainly because of her reproductive ability, which is sufficient enough for her to have a completely different experience of life and death. Her distinctive experience directly touches her consciousness of self, of existence and of life.– In this paper, I will mainly discuss Pearl S. Buck's four novels: >East Wind: West Wind<, >Pavilion of Women<, >The Good Earth<, and >The Mother<. They should be valued more highly and dug more deeply. On the one hand they are not like extreme feminist works which focus on dualistic conceptions. On the other hand, they are more moderate and focusing more on harmonious relationships between the two sexes. By analyzing her novels we will find that the female figures in her novels are so vivid, not just because she herself is a female, but more significantly, she has deep in her heart the compassion for the women, the strong life consciousness that makes her sympathize with all the suffering women. N2 - 美国著名作家赛珍珠因其作品>对中国农民生活史诗般的描述<获得了1938年的诺贝尔文学奖。她是美国历史上第一位获该奖的女作家,其实赛珍珠不仅是位杰出的女作家,她一生丰富多彩,从事过许多有意义的活动,十分关注女性的生存命运。她倡导女性与男性的平等地位,争取女性应有的权利,呼吁妇女积极投身于社会事业。总之,无论是作为社会活动家还是作为女性作家,赛珍珠一生所作的贡献都值得我们对她给予充分重视,并加以研究。本论文主要是研究赛珍珠小说中所体现的女性生命意识。笔者在研读其作品时常常能感受到作品中透露出的女性温情,每每都有心灵上的触动。这种温情来源于赛珍珠对女性生命本质的关怀与理解。生命意识首先源于人的存在意识,从人类学意义上讲,女性作为人类整体的另一半,与男性最根本的差异在于生育能力,但这已足以对主体的生命体验产生难以估量的影响。女性作为>生殖之性<,首先就意味着生命的繁衍与生生不息,她最接近生命本原,因而对生命和生存有着最深刻的体会。女性所特有的经验直接触动了女性的自我意识与主体意识。女性生命开始成为有意识的自觉自为的存在。女性文学的生命意识描述把生命同文学紧密联系在一起。作家的想象来自女性经验对生命和生存的深切体验,生命力和想象力结合在一起,传达出创作者对自我、艺术与世界的统一体的认识。赛珍珠,作为一个杰出的女性作家,对女性问题的思考自然更多体现在她创作的一系列小说中。她笔下的妇女以各自不同的方式拼命挣扎,努力在中国传统社会中求得自己的生存。尽管她们遭受各种各样苦难,尽管她们的努力挣扎是那么吃力,但是她们始终在为有一个幸福、有意义的生活而呼号。本文通过对赛珍珠四部小说(《东风:西风》、《母亲》、《群芳亭》、《大地》)中女主人公的分析来展现赛珍珠深厚的生命意识。笔者认为赛珍珠笔下的女性既有传统的又有现代的。传统的重视生育,强调母爱。现代的努力探求自我,寻找自我的主体性。她们都没有竭力反抗男权。而是从自我着手,发展平和的女性主义价值观,寻找自我的生存意义。女性生命意识的成熟和发展,标志着女性解放的精神深度。在此意义上,生命意识的确是女性内在生长点,更是女作家点亮自我宇宙的生命之灯。在光耀的存在中,她们走向生命的自由与解放。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Ye T1 - On the >Dream< in the Works of Bulgakov [论布尔加科夫作品中的>梦<], Master thesis, Russian Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Mikhail Abramovich Bulgakov (1891-1940) was a famous Russian writer. His work in the form of eclectic, unique, both biting satire and magical color, full content of a humanitarian sense of justice and a sense of mission. In many works of Bulgakov uses dreams to reveal the characters' psychology, extended work space, the performance of their themes. Narrative theory, text analysis, combined with Freud, Jung and Fromm's dream theory to analyze the works of Bulgakov's dream. This article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter from the general description of the relationship between dream and literary works, some of the features of the dream narrative suitable carrier and summed >Dreamland< four works, second. The third Chapter analyzes particularly the dreamland in >Bai Weijun< and >Master and Margarita<, dreamland expounding the role and significance of the works of Bulgakov and summarizes Bulgakov’s overall creation of the analysis of the dreamland. [automatic translation] N2 - 米哈伊尔•阿法纳西耶维奇•布尔加科夫(1891-1940)是俄罗斯著名作家。他的作品在形式上不拘一格、独树一帜,既有辛辣的讽刺又具有魔幻主义色彩,在内容上充满了人道主义的正义感与使命感。在很多作品中布尔加科夫利用梦境来揭示人物心理,扩展作品空间,表现作品主题。本文以叙事学理论为基础,采用文本分析法,结合弗洛伊德、荣格和弗洛姆的有关梦的理论,来分析布尔加科夫作品中的梦。本文分为三个章节,第一章从总体上说明梦与文学作品的关系,梦的一些特点为叙事提供了合适的载体,并总结出梦境描写在作品中的四种作用;第二、三章具体分析《白卫军》和《大师和玛格丽特》中的梦境描写,分别论述梦境描写在布尔加科夫作品中的作用和意义,并通过对梦境描写的分析总结布尔加科夫整体的创作观。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Yinghua T1 - Analysis on Wilhelm Reich's Thought of Man [赖希人学思想辨析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2010. N2 - This paper attempts to analyze Wilhelm Reich's ethical thought, the center of which is sexual ethics. Reich, consolidated and developed the thought of Freud and Marx, therefore created Psychoanalytic Marxism. By analyzing Reich's thought, this thesis also explicates the theories of Freud and Marx.– This paper doesn't simply research thinkers by dint of thought, but also research thought by dint of thinkers, emphasizing the topic of desire and human nature. In the aspects of human nature first, Marx believed that the desire for economic benefits is inherent in human nature. However, this desire is not equivalent to human essence, in his view, the true humanity is the creative demand. The ultimate goal of eliminating alienation is to endow people with creativity and to achieve self-realization.– Second, people have instinctive desire and non-instinctive desire, and great attention was paid to the former one in this paper. Freud thought what is inherent in human nature is life instinct (appetite and sexual desire) and death instinct (assault and self-destruction). The proposal of attack instinct shows Freud's pessimism about human nature. The instinct of self-destruction is inevitable concomitant life instinct. One purses happiness to the extreme so that his excitement decrease to the least, which signifies the coming of death.– Third, Reich's theory of human nature takes sex as the focus. He transformed Freud's distinction of id, ego and superego, and Marx's alienation theory, put forward a new three-levels character structure. He believed that the sexual instinct is good, sexual repression is the root of all evil. He mentioned the >character armor< in psychology, which is similar to the sense of honor and shame in ethics. In the interpretation of social and political phenomenon, Reich highlighted that under sexual repression man will have mental illness. They become numb, mechanical, vegetative people who act according to irrational emotions and personality which are caused by sexual repression. They are incapable to be free, resulting in authoritarian society, such as Fascist society. The people suffering from sexual repression con not recognize their own interests, they lose class consciousness and support a political party which can not represent their interests. This article's analysis and evaluation on Reich's construction of sexual revolution, discusses the ethics of sexual activity, Reich's idea of >Orgon< Energy and Work-democracy, expounding the reverie of Reich's thought. According to Reich, religion is a product of sexual repression, while worsening sexual repression. He criticized religious mysticism and racism at the same time. This paper analyzes the nature of religion i.e. soothing painfulness and the basis of region i.e. morality, pointing out the meaning of abstinence and the paradox of hedonism and altruism. In a word, Reich's understanding of religion is not thorough. This paper explicates inspiration and reflection caused by Reich's ethical thought. First, faced to the nature of sex, there are different views of optimism and pessimism. Speaking from Kant's discussion of sex, we illustrate characteristics of sexual desire, such as, for satisfying sexual desires people need to let their sexual organs get physical contact with other people. It embodies the conflict of wills, therefore implying harm. Reich's metaphysically optimism lacks awareness of these.– Second, from the view of psychology and philosophy (especially philosophy of life), this thesis questions whether sexual repression causes mental illness, proves Reich's exaggeration.– Next, discusses the dialectical relationship between sex and love, what 'is voluntary, and the question of sexual indulgence and the elimination of sexual repression, pointing out contradiction in Reich's thought. Reich's thought is significant, especially in his time. However, people's sexual repression has been greatly eased in contemporary society, and the harmfulness of sexual indulgence is emerging gradually. Today our task is to re-establish the two endpoints as evil and new middle way as good. Reich's sexual ethics, still has positive meaning to us. By comparing with the theories of Fromm and Marcuse, Reich's thought can better promote our freedom, while the former one's criticism of advanced society will hinder our progress. N2 - 本文重在分析赖希的人学思想与伦理思想,他的伦理思想重心是性伦理。赖希综合并发展了弗洛伊德和马克思的思想,开创心理分析的马克思主义,故本文在对他的分析和对他与弗氏、马克思的比较中,也阐发了弗洛伊德和马克思的理论。本文借助人物研究思想,而非仅借助思想研究人物,重视对欲望与人性等话题的研究。人性论方面。第一,马克思认为人性中固有对经济利益的欲望。然而这种欲望不能代表人的本质,在他看来真正的人性是创造的需求。消除异化的最终目的是使人具有创造性、实现自我。第二,人有本能欲望和非本能欲望,本能欲望被重点论述。弗洛伊德认为人性中固有生的本能(食欲与性欲)和死的本能(攻击与自我毁灭)。攻击本能的提出显示了弗氏对人性的悲观。自我毁灭的本能是与生的本能必然相伴的,追求快乐到极致,兴奋量降至最低,也就是死亡的来临。第三,赖希的人性论,以性为中心。他改造弗洛伊德对本我、自我、超我的区分,以及马克思的异化理论,提出新的三层性格结构。认为性本能是善的,性压抑是万恶之源。他在心理学上提的>性格盔甲<与伦理学上的廉耻之心有共通之处。在对社会政治现象的解释中,赖希突出强调人在性压抑之下会产生精神病态。他们成为麻木、机械、顺着由性压抑引起的非理性情绪和性格而行动的植物人,无能力自由,促成了权威主义社会,如法西斯社会。性压抑的人认识不到自己的利益,丧失阶级意识,支持不能代表自身利益的政党。文章分析和评价了赖希的性革命建构。论述了性活动伦理、赖希宇宙生命能和劳动民主的构想,阐发赖希理论的空想性。在赖希看来,宗教是性压抑的产物,同时加重性压抑。他把宗教神秘主义和种族主义联系在一起进行了批判。本文分析宗教的本质(抚慰痛苦)和基础(道德),以及禁欲的意义,指出快乐主义和利他主义的悖论,证明赖希对宗教的理解并不透彻。文中对赖希思想的论衡,阐发了赖希带给我们的启示和思考。首先,对待性的本质,有悲观主义和乐观主义的不同见解。从康德论性说起,说明了性欲具有需要性器官与对象身体接触才可满足等特征,它集中体现了意志的冲突。因此必然隐含了伤害。赖希的形而上的性乐观主义对此认识不足。其次,从心理学和哲学(尤其人生哲学)角度追问性压抑是否带来精神疾病,指出赖希思想的夸张。再次,论述性与爱的辩证关系、什么是自愿、性放纵与消除性压抑,指出赖希思想中存在的矛盾。赖希的思想影响重大,尤其在他的时代。然而当代人的性压抑得到很大缓解,性放纵危害也逐渐显现出来。今天的任务是重新确立作为恶的两个端点,建立中道的善。赖希的性伦理思想,对我们仍有积极意义。其思想比弗罗姆和马尔库塞的学说更有助于我们走向自由。弗罗姆和马尔库塞对先进社会的批判会使我们因噎废食,裹足不前。 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Lu T1 - The Authoritarian Personality and Reflection of Its Real Impact on China [浅析威权主义人格并反思其对中国的现实影响] JF - Reform & Openning [改革与开放], No. 13 (2015), pp. 87-88. N2 - 威权主义人格被弗洛姆戏称为>自行车性格<,此比喻既形象又颇具讽刺意味具有这种人格的人对上卑躬屈膝,对下唯我独尊。现实生活中这类人并不少见。本文分析了威权主义人格对我国现实的影响,探讨了塑造与人为善的健康人格的途径。 N2 - Authoritarian personality is Fromm dubbed the >bicycle character<, this metaphor both image and irony of having such a personality on groveling, under overweening. In real life these people is not uncommon. This paper analyzes the impact of the authoritarian personality of our reality, and explored ways to create good health and human personality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Lu T1 - Research on the Madman Image in Jin Yong’s Novel [论金庸小说中的疯癫形象 ], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 当代著名武侠小说家金庸,在1955年到1972年创作了15部武侠小说,他的每一部武侠小说在华人世界中都深受欢迎,其作品之所以如此受读者喜爱,很大程度上在于作品中塑造的众多栩栩如生,脍炙人口,令人印象深刻的人物形象。在金庸小说中不仅有潇洒俊逸的英雄形象和为非作歹的坏人形象,还有众多个性鲜明、诙谐幽默、内涵丰富的疯癫形象,这些疯癫形象在金庸小说中占有独特的地位,他们的文学史价值丝毫不逊于金庸小说中英雄和坏人形象的价值。本文以金庸在小说中塑造的疯癫形象为研究对象,结合疯癫人物的生存环境及过往经历,运用弗洛伊德、弗洛姆、阿德勒等人的心理学理论,以及相关社会学理论分析人物疯癫的原因,从而对金庸武侠小说进行深入探讨,在给予金庸武侠小说恰当评价的基础上,分析出金庸笔下疯癫形象的文学史地位和独特的文学史价值,进而挖掘出金庸在创作这些人物形象时复杂的内心世界。本论文包括绪论、正文、结语三部分。绪论部分简要介绍了本文的研究缘起和金庸小说疯癫形象的研究现状。正文分为三章:第一章,介绍了>疯癫<一词的传统意义和它在各个学科中的学理意义,进而总结出本文所说的>疯癫<一词的意义。通过对古往今来在文学史上出现的有代表意义的疯癫形象进行追溯和分析,去探究金庸小说疯癫形象对此前疯癫形象的继承与发展,总结出金庸小说疯癫形象和俗文学及雅文学中疯癫形象的不同之处,在此基础上阐述本文选择金庸小说疯癫形象作为研究对象的原因。第二章,根据人物疯癫成因把金庸小说中的疯癫形象分为因爱情失意而疯癫、因沉迷复仇而疯癫、因痴迷权名利而疯癫以及无法探究原因的疯癫四类,通过对这四类疯癫形象疯癫的原因进行分析,看到了金庸笔下疯癫人物的可怜可恨之处,看到了疯癫人物的身不由己,看到了疯癫人物隐秘的内心世界,从而展示了通俗小说家金庸对人性深处的深入探究和对人物内心的深刻挖掘。第三章,借各方学者对金庸小说的评价准确定位金庸小说在文学史上的地位,通过对金庸小说中的疯癫形象与其他人物形象进行比较,总结出疯癫形象在金庸小说中的独特地位。最后在对金庸小说疯癫形象进行全面总结的基础上指出疯癫形象在审美、认识、娱乐方面的文学史价值。结语部分总结全文,重申疯癫形象在金庸小说中的独特性和重要性,指出金庸小说在文学史中的地位和价值。 N2 - Contemporary famous martial-arts novelist Jin Yong wrote fifteen novels about swordsmen from 1955 to 1972, his every martial arts novel is very familiar with Chinese, his work is so popular with readers largely due to many lifelike image and impressive figures. In Jin Yong’s novel there is not only elegance and handsome heroic image and evil and bad image, but also madman image with distinct personality, witty humor and rich connotation, the madman image occupies unique place in Jin Yong’s novels, its value is no worse than the value of the image of heroes and villains. This paper takes the madman image in Jin Yong’s novel as research object, combines with the madman’s living environment and life experience, use Freud’s, Fromm’s and Adler’s psychological theory, and the club is related to theory, the author analyzes the reasons why people become mad to explore Jin Yong’s martial arts novels. Based on proper evaluation to Jin Yong’s martial arts novels, the author analyzes the position and value of the madman image and unearthed Jin Yong’s complicated inner world in the process of creation. This thesis includes introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part briefly introduces the research origin and current research status of madman image. The text is divided into three chapters: in the first chapter, the paper introduces traditional meaning of madness and its theoretical significance in various disciplines, and summarizes the meaning of >madness< Through analyzing and tracing the representative madman image in literature history, the author is to explore succession and development of the previous madman image, sum up the differences between madman image in Jin Yong’s novel and that in literature and elegant literature, and then expound the reason why to choose madman image from Jin Yong’s novels as the research object.– The second chapter, according to the mad reasons, madman image is divided into four kinds, mad for frustrated love, for revenge, for ambition and fame, for unknown cause. Through analyzing the reasons of four kinds of madness, the madman’s pity and disgust and their helplessness can be seen in the paper, and then Jin Yong’s talent of exploring human nature further and taping one’s inner world is shown.– The third chapter, through the scholars pinpoint to the evaluation of Jin Yong’s novels in the history of literature status, the madman image in Jin Yong’s novels is comprised to other characters, it sums up the unique position of the madman image in Jin Yong’s novel. Finally it points out the madman image’s the aesthetic value, cognitive value and entertainment value in literature history on the basis of the comprehensive summary of the madman image.– In conclusion part, the author reiterates uniqueness and importance of the madman image in Jin Yong’s novels and points out the status and value of Jin Yong’s novels in the history of literature. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Lu T1 - The Mythological Archetype of Harry Potter [《哈利波特》的神话原型分析], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Kashgar University, Kashgar, Xinjiang, China [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 提到J.K.罗琳,我们必然会想到她的代表作《哈利波特》,这一系列小说推出后,几乎全世界为之疯狂。作为一个集合多种文化元素,又将传统与现代、幻想与现实集于一身的小说,它成功的吸引了文学界的眼球。随着《哈利波特》被翻译成多种语言畅销全球的同时,关于小说创作的研究也日趋升温。但是,无论从纵向还是横向的发展来看,以往对《哈利波特》系列小说的研究都存在着某些不足之处。罗琳将神话原型巧妙地融入到了小说的创作中,使得传统文化与现代文化的置换变形更加和谐,文化精神与现实反思的表达也更加深刻。但是,对原型所体现的传统与现代间的关系,及作者创作小说的用意等等问题,还有待于进行更加仔细全面的探讨。原型理论欲为整个文学批评寻找一种共同模式,借此观点,使得《哈利波特》系列小说的研究受到了一定的启发。本文以原型批评的视角考察整个《哈利波特》系列小说,意在以前人的研究为基础,从全新的角度对其进行宏观与微观并置的研究。文学创作与人的潜意识、文化根源、民族精神等因素有着密切的联系。原型理论也为我们深入探究《哈利波特》系列小说的创作用意和各种因素间的联系提供了更全面的研究方法与理论依据。本文立足于荣格与弗莱的神话原型批评理论,运用文本细读的方法,全面梳理出罗琳小说中出现的神话原型,同时借助弗洛姆等人的心理学和伦理学理论,还原出神话原型在小说中的内涵,从而进一步了解罗琳的创作意图。全文共分为三章:第一章是对原型理论的发展进行概述。通过对占据原型理论发展道路转折点的三位关键性人物的思想进行分析,进一步探索文学作品与古老神话之间的联系。在充分理解文学本质的前提下,确定对《哈利波特》系列小说原型研究的可行性。第二章是对《哈利波特》中的神话原型进行分析。通过对小说中具体原型的发现、归纳、还原、整合,对整个小说系列中频繁显现的人物原型、意象原型、叙事结构原型进行深入的挖掘与理解。基于这三类原型的解读,进一步体现罗琳的创作思路及小说真正的本质。第三章是解答作者将原型运用到小说中的真实用意。以充分研究小说中体现的原型为前提,细致深入的挖掘罗琳利用原型进行创作的意图,表达了罗琳期望通过文化寻根来救赎迷失在物质大潮中的人们。并借助恢复优秀文化传统,突显社会的正向发展离不开人性的正向发展。通过对《哈利波特》系列小说神话原型的分析,引起人们对人性异化的思考,揭示了现代资本主义社会对人类精神上的残害,呼吁恢复优秀的文化传统,传递通过理性与爱来拯救异化的理念。 N2 - When it comes to J. K. Rowling, we are bound to think of her masterpiece Harry Potter. After the series was launched, almost all the world went crazy. As a novel, it has collect various cultural elements and combining tradition with modernity, fantasy and reality. It has successfully attracted the attention of the literary world. As Harry Potter has translated into many languages and sold worldwide, the research on the creation of novels has been heating up. However, in both vertical and horizontal development, there are some deficiencies in the previous research on the novels. Rowling has skillfully integrated the mythological archetype into the creation of the novel, which makes the displacement distortion of traditional culture and modern culture more harmonious, and the expression of cultural spirit and reflection of reality is more profound. However, the relationship between tradition and modernity embodied in the prototype, and the author’s intention to create the novel are still to be discussed in more detail. The archetypal theory seeks a common mode for literary criticism, which makes a certain inspiration of the study of the Harry Potter. In this paper, the author looks at the whole series of Harry Potter, which is based on the research of previous people, and makes a new study of macro and microstructure with a new Angle. Literary creation closely related to people’s subconscious, cultural roots and national spirit. The prototype theory also provides a more comprehensive research method and theoretical basis for us to probe into the meaning of the creation of the Harry Potter and the connection between various factors. Based on the archetypal criticism of Jung and Frye, this paper analyzes the mythological archetype of Harry Potter by using the method of text reading to further understand Rowling’s creative intention. The full text is divided into three chapters: The first chapter is an overview of the development of prototype theory. By analyzing the thoughts of three key figures occupying the turning point of the prototype theory, we further explore the connection between literature works and ancient myths. With the aid of Fromm and other psychologists and ethicists, we analyze the mythological archetype in the connotation of the novel. On the premise of fully understanding the essence of literature, the feasibility of the prototype study of the Harry Potter is determined.– The second chapter is the analysis of the mythological prototype in Harry Potter. Through the discovery, induction, reduction and integration of specific archetypes in the novel, this paper deeply explores the archetype, image archetype and narrative structure in the whole series of novels. Based on these three types of archetypes, the author further embodies Rowling’s creative thinking and the true nature of the novel.– Chapter three is to answer the author’s real intention of applying the prototype to the novel. In order to fully study the archetype of the novel, this paper carefully explores the intention of Rowling to make use of the prototype. Expressed Rowling’s desire to find roots through culture to redeem people that lost in the material tide. With the help of restoring excellent cultural tradition, the importance of human nature to the modern society is highlighted. Based on the mythological archetype of the Harry Potter, the author thinks about the alienation of human nature, and reveals the modern capitalist society on human mental cruelty, calling for the restoration of the outstanding cultural tradition, passed through the love and the reason to save the concept of alienation. It reveals the damage of modern capitalist society to human spirit, calls for the restoration of excellent cultural tradition, and the idea of saving alienation through reason and love. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Fei T1 - Study on Marx’s Theory of Spiritual Liberation [马克思的精神解放思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2016. N2 - 精神解放思想是马克思人类解放理论的重要组成部分。实现人的自由全面发展是马克思毕生最高追求,在历史与人本的双重维度中,他审视资本主义社会条件下的人的异化现实,这种异化同时体现在物质生活领域和精神生活领域,精神生活领域的异化是劳动异化的直接结果,表现为人的生活本性的丧失。在马克思的语境中,哲学、宗教、艺术等属于非日常生活层面的人性的展现,但是在历史环境中会经常发生不同程度的扭曲和颠倒。资本主义社会中,宗教是纠缠人脑的幽灵,宗教(本体论神学)及其本质形而上学哲学构建的>上帝<之城乃是虚妄的海市蜃楼,使人们丧失对历史处境的认知;工业社会的大变革在为人的自由与全面发展创造了新的条件的同时,也给现实世界蒙上一层幻象迷雾,为人打造出一副新的精神枷锁,即人们被另一种形式的>宗教<——拜物教——所控制。马克思强调,解放不是头脑的活动,而是变革现实的运动。因此,在批判资本主义社会精神生活领域异化的过程中,马克思同时也建构了人类精神解放之路:在实现条件方面,必须扬弃私有财产,消灭社会分工,破除虚幻共同体;在回返人的精神生活本性方面,必须恢复感性的丰富性,敞开历史性的全面生产,张扬反思性的实践意识;在缓和物质与精神的张力方面,必须在生产生活中做到物质与精神结合,物质生产和精神生产同步协调有序发展。值得特别提出来的是,人的精神生活和物质生活不存在绝对的决定逻辑,精神生活具有一定的相对独立性。正是基于这一点,一些现当代西方著名学者,韦伯,卢卡奇,马尔库塞,弗洛姆,哈贝马斯,……等等,他们都突出推崇人类生活中的精神力量,从不同的视角继续揭露和批判资本主义社会的精神异化现象,为马克思的精神解放理论作出了新的时代注解。 N2 - Spiritual liberation theory is a great part of Marxist theory of human liberation. Achieving the human comprehensive and disengage development is the lifelong of Marx. According to the dimension of the history and humanism, Marx finds that temporary capitalist social conditions of the alienation of man reality which is reflected in the field of material life and spiritual life. Labor alienation is the main cause of the life of spiritual alienation, which means the loss of the nature of human life. In the context of Marx, philosophy, religion, art, etc. can show the human aspects of non-daily life, but in the context of history which often occur varying degrees of distortion and perversion. Marx believed that in capitalist society, religion is the specter of the human brain, religion (ontological theology) City of >God< in the nature of metaphysical philosophy but false and constructed mirage, so that people lose the awareness of the historical situation. Thus, criticism of capitalist society spiritual process of alienation, Marx also constructs the human spirit liberation road: in the realization of condition s we must abandon private property, eradicate the social division of labor, get rid of the unreal community; in terms of the return of people’s spiritual life nature we must be re stored emotional richness, open historic full production, display reflective practice consciousness; in terms of easing the tension in the material and the spiritual, we must bind material and spiritual in the production and living, develop the production of material and spiritual synchronously and coordinately. Worth special mention is that there is no absolute decision logic in the spiritual and material life. The spiritual life has a certain relative independence. It is based on this, a number of well-known contemporary western scholars, Weber, Lukács, Marcuse, Fromm, and so on, all of them praise highly the spiritual strength in the human life from different perspective continue to expose and criticize the capitalist society of mental alienation and make a new times comment for Marx’s theory of the liberation of the spirit. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Yuan T1 - Fromm on the Freedom of Modern People 弗洛姆论现代人的自由, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2016. N2 - 自由问题既是一个重要的现实生活问题,又是一个重要的哲学问题。弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义流派的重要一员,他的自由思想具有重要的研究价值。弗洛姆思想的根基在于对现代人的自由的考察,由这一对现代人生存现状的理论研究来展开论述,形成其思想体系。研究弗洛姆的自由思想,阐释和分析现代人的自由困境,对于更好地理解真正的自由、人的自由而全面的发展具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。弗洛姆自由思想从逃避自由的角度出发来探讨现代人自由困境和真正自由的实现。弗洛姆认为,由于资本主义以剥削为本质的社会制度和以压制、奴役为特点的生产方式,以及资本主义社会中个体化的突出,现代人产生了极权主义、破坏性和机械趋同三种不健康的性格特征即逃避自由的方式。对此,弗洛姆指出,真正自由的实现需要爱和自身创造性的努力,通过人的潜能的实现使个人成为自我力量的拥有者,从而与世界建立更加全面、和谐的关系,而不是被异化的力量所控制。同时弗洛姆还指出,获得真正自由的方式也需要相应的社会条件、社会资源进行配合,即完善的经济、政治和文化制度来保障自由的实现和人的全面发展。从马克思自由观的角度评价弗洛姆的自由思想,可以看出弗洛姆在“批判性”上、自由观的基本要素和历史唯物主义研究方法上对马克思自由观的继承,同时深入分析弗洛姆自由思想的内涵和特点,也可以看出弗洛姆自由观存在的局限,即夸大了人本身的心理作用、忽视资本主义社会中生产资料所有权的现实问题以及缺乏彻底性的解决路径。瑕不掩瑜,弗洛姆论现代人的自由问题仍对当代人的生活具有重要的启示意义。精神文明建设与和谐社会的构建,必须以科学地认识人自由而全面的发展为前提,并以马克思自由观为理论去指导实践,树立和培养人们真正自由的理念,解决好实际生活中的自由问题。 N2 - Freedom is not only an important problem in real life; it is an important philosophical problem. Fromm is an important member of the western Marx doctrine school; his free thought has important research value. The foundation of Fromm’s thought is to study on the modern freedom, from this life to modern people the status of theoretical research to discuss, the formation of the ideological system. The freedom to study Fromm’s thought of freedom of interpretation and analysis of the plight of modern people, to better understand the real freedom, human freedom and comprehensive development has important theoretical significance and practical value.– Fromm’s freedom thoughts from the perspective of freedom of freedom explore the plight of modern freedom and the realization of real freedom. Fromm argues that due to the capitalist exploitation is the essence of social system and to suppress, slavery for the characteristics of the mode of production, and the capitalist society, individual prominent, modern people produced totalitarianism, damage and mechanical kind unhealthy personality characteristics is avoiding the free way. In this regard, Fromm pointed out that the real freedom to achieve need love and its creative efforts, through the realization of human potential and allowing the individual to become the power of self owners, consequently establishes more comprehensive and harmonious relationship with the world, instead of being the alienation of power control. At the same time, Fromm also pointed out that the way to gain real freedom also need corresponding social conditions, social resources cooperation, that improve the economic, political and cultural systems to ensure the realization of freedom and people’s development in an all-round way.– From Marx’s freedom view of the perspective of the evaluation of Fromm’s ideas of freedom, we can see Fromm in >critical<, concept of freedom of the basic elements and historical materialism research methods of Marx freedom view of inheritance, and in-depth analysis of Fromm’s freedom thought connotation and the characteristic, also can see freedom of Fromm’s view of limitation, the exaggerated people’s psychological, ignore the capitalist society in production in the ownership of the means of practical problems and lack of thoroughness to solve the path. The Fromm problem has important significance on modern people’s freedom of life of modern people. The construction of spiritual civilization and the construction of a harmonious society must to scientific understanding of human freedom and comprehensive development as the premise, and to Marx’s freedom view as the theoretical guidance to the practice, establish and develop people truly free concept, to solve the problem of freedom in real life. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Lu T1 - From Alienation to Reversion of Human Nature – For Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [从人性的异化到复归——有感于弗洛姆的人本主义伦理学] JF - Journal of Chengdu University (Education and Teaching Research) [教育与教学研究], No. 8, (2004), pp. 38-39. N2 - Erich Fromm perceived the alienation of human nature through the prosperity of modern western countries. He founded the theory of humanistic ethics in order to make man for himself and promote a sane society without depression. In that society, people can exert his potential enough and be himself at last. N2 - 美籍思想家弗洛姆透过繁华表面洞察到现代西方工业社会下人性的全面异化、人格的严重扭曲、人与自身日渐分离的现实状况 ,从而提出其人本主义伦理学 ,旨在建立健全的社会、健全的人 ,解除对人的压抑 ,使人创造性的潜能得以充分发挥 ,实现人的全面发展 ,达到真正意义上的人与自身的统一。 Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Lu T1 - Fromm’s Humanity Alienation Theory and Comprehensive Human Development [弗洛姆的人性异化理论与人的全面发展] JF - Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 8 (2009), pp. 105-108. N2 - 德裔美籍思想家埃里希•弗洛姆(ErichFromm)是现代西方著名的新人道主义伦理学家、新精神分析心理学家、西方马克思主义理论家。他敏锐地洞察到,在现代资本主义社会社会生产虽有巨大发展,物质财富也不再匮乏,但人们生活得并不幸福,人们孤独、不安、机械化,人们同自己、同他人、同自然日渐分离,人被全面异化。弗洛姆的目标就是要构建人本主义伦理学,以促成>健全的社会<,消除其对人的压抑,使人的创造性潜能得以充分发挥,从而实现人的全面发展,达到真正意义上的人与自身的统一。一、人与自身相分离的生存现状:人类>生存的两歧<及全面异化自从人类有了自我意识之后,便意识到了自己面对这个强悍世界时的软弱无力,看到了人 N2 - The German descent American thinker Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm) is the famous modern Western humanitarian ethicists, new psychoanalytic psychologist Western Marxist theorist. His keen insight into notwithstanding the tremendous development of social production in modern capitalist society, material wealth is no longer scarce, people's lives are not happy, lonely people uneasy, mechanization, with yourself, with others, with nature growing separation, comprehensive alienation. Fromm's goal is to build the Ethics, to contribute to a healthy society, eliminate the repression of its people, the people's creative potential into full play, so as to achieve all-round development of the people, to achieve a real sense people with their own unified. Survival status of people with phase separation: human survival manifold and comprehensive alienation since the human self-awareness, we realized that the weak face this tough world to see people. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2009 ER -