TY - JOUR A1 - Khanian, Hamid T1 - A Study of the Sayed Ashraf-Al-Din Gilani (Nasim-e-Shomal) Poems in the Light of Frankfurt School and Constitutional (Mashrooteh) Movement [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 5, No. 6 (2014), pp. 1399-1405 [Print ISSN 1798-4769] [doi.org/10.4304/jltr.5.6.1399-1405] N2 - Frankfurt school started its activity in 1928 by establishing an institute for social research. Some of the theorists of this school are Marcuse, Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm and Benjamin Habermas. This school considered most of the thoughts and ideas of classical Marxism as incorrect and criticized them. Basically, in this school criticizing the poor condition of the school community has been an important component and art is considered as a medium to make the people aware of these problems. In Iran with the advent of the constitutional (Mashrooteh) movement, literature and art entered a new phase and the poets were committed to criticizing the disorders and social, political and cultural problems. They believed that the art with no benefit for the people’s welfare and improvement of social and political conditions, and not used as a weapon against tyrants, is a worthless art. Thus, the authors in this study made an attempt to investigate these critical ideas in the works of one of the most prominent poets and critics of constitutional (Mashrooteh) era, sayed Ashraf-Al-Din Gilani known as Nasim-e-Shomal, and to determine the critical components in the poems of this renowned Iranian poet. Y1 - 2014 ER -