TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jing T1 - Lonely Experience of Life and Self-redemption – An Interpretation of Fromm's Philosophy of Modernity [生命的孤独体验与自我救赎——对弗洛姆现代性哲学的解读] JF - Journal of Shenyang University (Social Science) [沈阳大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 45-47, 51. N2 - With scientific and Technological Progress, people is loneliness under the Mechanization and the large-scale of industrialization. To overcome modern people's loneliness, emptiness and weakness, Fromm Considered love to be an Interpersonal Creative Capacity, but it could not help people achieve their self-redemption. In the view of historical materialism, Marx pointed out the direction of self-salvation of modern people from the loneliness experience, by the theoretical construction of communism. N2 - 分析了弗洛姆现代性理论重要概念>孤独<的基本内涵,认为随着现代社会的科技进步,人在机器化大工业条件下深刻地体验着生命的孤独,弗洛姆试图通过>创造性的爱<的理论建构来克服现代人的孤独、空虚和无力,并不能有效地让现代人实现自我救赎,马克思的历史唯物主义观点给现代人孤独体验的自我救赎之路指明了方向。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Jing T1 - An Interpretation of the Theme of Alienation in >Jude the Obscure< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalysis, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The eminent British novelist and poet Thomas Hardy wrote fifteen novels, four collections of short stories, over 900 poems and two verse dramas throughout his life, leaving a valuable literary heritage for the people of the UK and the world. Jude the Obscure is set in England of 1860 s. It recounts the tragedy of the protagonist countryman Jude Fawley’s struggle for college minister and a stable marriage. It is considered as the first modern novel in the history of British literature. The theme of alienation is a basic theme of modernist literature. It is displayed in Hardy’s novels, especially in >Jude the Obscure<. This thesis adopts the humanistic psychoanalysis of the German-American Jewish social psychologist Erich Fromm to discuss and analyze the representations and reasons for Jude’s alienation in the novel. Jude lived in a stage when capitalism was rapidly developing. The social economy was thriving. The achievements of political democracy were increasingly consolidated, and the cultural cause was flourishing. Influenced by the capitalist civilization, Jude strove to stand firm in metropolises. However, the development of capitalism has two sides. With the continuous progress in economy and the technology, economic features of capitalism such as the quantification and the abstraction were constantly highlighted. The connections between individuals and the connections between people and concrete objects were increasingly vague. Political democracy not only brought people freedom, but also increased people’s sense of loneliness and powerlessness. On the one hand, cultural education encouraged individuals to develop the character of ambition and competition. On the other hand, it compelled individuals to act in accordance with social norms. In such a society, people were in atomic states. They did not get acquainted with each other. The psychological needs of individuals, also the needs of human nature that were based on their existence conditions could not be satisfied. People were only obliged to conform to social norms, which caused the alienation of individuals. Jude’s alienation is the root of his tragedy. Based on the previous research findings, this thesis attempts to interpret the theme of alienation in >Jude the Obscure< via the theory of Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis. It hopes to have a better understanding of Hardy’s modernist literary spirit. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER -