TY - JOUR A1 - Graetz Simmonds, Janette T1 - Contemplating spiritual experience: Winnicott's potential space, Tibetan bardo, and liminality JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 27 (No. 4, 2018), pp. 266-273. N2 - In this paper, ways of contemplating and accommodating the unfamiliar, especially the >other< of spiritual experience, are considered. Some concepts from psychoanalysis, such as Winnicott's >potential space< and his notion of >holding,< are helpful in comprehending spiritual experiences that can easily be misunderstood, or >flattened out< to use Bion's phrase. Interesting and rather remarkable confluences in these concepts from psychoanalysis and from Tibetan Buddhism (bardo) and cultural anthropology (liminality) are considered in their functions of both enabling and comprehending these extraordinary and often life-enhancing experiences. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simmonds, Janette Graetz T1 - The oceanic feeling and a sea change: Historical challenges to reductionist attitudes to religion and spirit from within psychoanalysis JF - Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1 (2006), pp. 128-142. [Online ISSN 1939-133] [doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.23.1.128] N2 - Three waves of challenges may be perceived from within psychoanalysis to its reductionist attitude to religion and spirit. These historical challenges from within psychoanalysis are an important context for reading the many papers now being published on spirituality and psychotherapy, and increasingly, spirituality and psychoanalysis. The 1st wave began with some of Freud's contemporaries, among them his friend, the psychoanalyst and pastor Oscar Pfister; the Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, and the poet T. S. Eliot. Challenges continued after Freud's death: In Britain from psychoanalysts such as Rickman and Guntrip, and in America initially by the European immigrants, Erikson and Fromm. British independent psychoanalysts initiated what may be considered to be the 3rd wave, whose momentum is now swelling to a sea change. Y1 - 2006 ER -