TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Buqing T1 - A Review of Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness – The Inheritance and Development of Psychoanalysis from the Perspective of Marxism. [弗洛姆的社会无意识理论述评--从马克思主义视角对精神分析学说的继承和发展] JF - Theory Research [学理论], No. 5 (2017), pp. 62-63, 75. N2 - 弗洛姆在弗洛伊德个体无意识理论和荣格的集体潜意识理论的基础上,吸收马克思的唯物史观思想,构建了社会无意识理论,以心理因素与经济、政治因素相结合为出发点,创造性地分析了社会无意识的产生机制,在精神分析心理学的马克思主义研究取向中极具代表性。 N2 - On the basis of Freud's theory of individual unconsciousness and Jung's theory of collective subconsciousness, Fromm's thought of Marx's materialist conception of history has constructed the theory of social unconsciousness, and the psychological factors are related to economic and political factors. Combined with the starting point, the creative analysis of the social unconscious mechanism, in the psychoanalytic psychology of Marxist research orientation is very representative. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jing T1 - The Modern Enlightenment of Fromm's Thought [弗洛姆人学思想的现代启示] JF - Journal of Taiyuan Urban Vocational College [太原城市职业技术学院学报 ], No. 2. (2017), pp. 174-176. N2 - 当前,我国正处于社会转型期阶段,生活在其中的个人及社会自身都受到了>转型<这一特殊时期不和谐现象的强烈挑战。弗洛姆热切关注人类的命运和前途,其人学思想内容非常丰富,能够给予转型期的个人及社会些许启示。弗洛姆人学思想中关于人的本性理论、爱的艺术理论及人格理论对于克服现代人的需求异化、培养现代人爱的能力、帮助现代人做一个自为的人以及健全现代人的人格具有重要价值。 N2 - At present, China is in the stage of social transformation, and the individuals and society itself are affected by the >transition< of this special period of disharmony strong challenge. Fromm eager attention to the fate and future of mankind, his human thought is very rich in content, to give the transition period of personal and social inspiration. In the theory of humanism in the theory of humanism, the art theory of love and the theory of personality to alienate the needs of modern people, cultivate the ability of modern people to help modern people to do a self-improvement and improve the modern personality has important value. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Juan T1 - A Study of Teacher Love Image: Problems and Possibilities [师爱样貌研究:问题与可能], Master thesis, Principles of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2018. N2 - 教育是一项需要关爱的事业,师爱常常被视为教师从教的首要条件。但在现实教育场景中,教师辛苦付出的许多关爱行为却得不到学生的认可和回应,甚至遭遇反抗。只有对实践中的师爱样貌进行考察,分析当前师爱实践中存在的问题与改进的可能性,才有望让学生得到更好的关爱,并让学生在师爱的沃土中成长为有能力关心人、爱人也值得爱的人。本研究对S市A中学的10名教师和8名学生进行了半结构式访谈,并借助开放式问卷向30名学生收集了和主题相关的案例和资料,以此来考察实践中师爱样貌的复杂性,特别是存在的问题及改进的可能。本研究认为师爱是教师在教育实践过程中体现出来的真诚地关心爱护学生,为学生的成长和发展付出努力的专业精神和职业情感。本文参照弗洛姆和诺丁斯等学者对关爱的定义和理解,以及其他相关文献中对师爱内涵的讨论,并结合本研究实证资料中所显露的问题,建构了本研究的研究框架:(1)师爱之目的在于激发学生的潜能;(2)尊重学生是师爱之过程的必然要求;(3)面向全体学生,教师需要公平地分配关爱资源。依据收集到的观察与访谈资料,本研究发现师爱实践中存在以下的问题:(1)>为了学生好<的师爱滑向了弗洛姆批判的>占有式关爱<,表现出占有倾向,造成了对学生发展潜能的阻碍;(2)教师将关爱理解为单方面严格管控学生,缺少对学生的信任与尊重。这使得教师的关爱行为常常演变为控制行为,忽视了学生的自主和独立,表现出霸道倾向;(3)面向学生群体,教师忽视师爱作为职业爱的公平性要求,呈现出偏狭的师爱样貌。为改进上述问题,应从专业伦理的立场理解师爱的内涵,做到:(1)重视学生当下的感受和真实的需求,以激发学生的发展动力与潜能,让师爱变得更具生产性;(2)在规范学生和适度尊重学生自由之间保持一定的张力,让尊重成为师爱的根基;(3)克服人际偏见,认可每一个学生的长处,不断提升专业知识与技能,努力让每位学生都感受到被关爱. N2 - Education is a career which is full of love. Teachers’ love is often regarded as the primary requirement of being a teacher. However, in the real education settings, many of the teachers’ love behaviors are not acknowledged and responded to by students, and even confronted with resistance. Only by exploring the actual practice of teachers’ love, and analyzing the existing problems and the possibility of improvement, can teachers love students correctly and can students acquire better love. It is in the fertile soil of the teachers’ love that students can develop the capability of caring and loving other people. This study conducted a semi-structured interview with 10 teachers and 8 students of a middle school in S city. In addition, the relevant cases and materials were collected from 30 students by using the open questionnaire. In this way, we can explore the complex practice of teachers’ love, especially the existing problems and the possibility of improvement. This study believes that teachers’ love is the professional spirit and professional emotion that teachers take care of students and make efforts for their growth and development in education practice. The research framework of this study refers to Fromm and Noddings’ definitions of love, and the connotations of teachers’ love in other relevant literatures. Given the problems revealed by empirical data of this study, the theoretical framework of teachers’ love includes three parts, namely: (1) Motivating students’ potential abilities is the purpose of teachers’ love. (2) Respecting students is a necessary requirement for the process of teachers’ love. (3)Teachers need to distribute their love resources to all students fairly. Based on the collected observations and interview materials, this study found the following problems existing in the practice of teachers’ love: (1) Teachers’ love which is for the sake of the student’s good, slide into what Fromm criticized as >possessive love<. It shows a tendency to possess students, setting obstacles to students’ development. (2) Due to lack of trust and respect for students, teachers consider unilateral and strict control as a way to show teachers’ love. That makes teachers’ love turns into controlling behaviors, neglecting the independence of students. It shows domineering image of teachers’ love. (3) Facing to all students, teachers may ignore that teachers’ love is professional love, which has fairness requirement. It shows the unfair distribution of teachers’ love. In order to improve the above problems, we should understand the connotation of teachers’ love from the standpoint of professional ethics, and manage to: (1) Pay attention to the students’ current feelings and real needs, and stimulate students’ development momentum and potential abilities. That can make teachers’ love more productive. (2) Pay attention to the tension between regulating students and respecting student’s freedom, and make respect be the foundation of teachers’ love. (3) Overcome interpersonal prejudice, and recognize the strength of each student. By improving professional knowledge and skills, teachers should make every student feel loved.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Sikai T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Thought of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆是20世纪二十年代法兰克福学派的重要成员,其突出的理论贡献在于他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义哲学理论,创造性的提出了>逃避自由<思想。在关注到现代人生存境遇时,他揭示了资本主义社会结构的不健全之处,以现代人的性格结构为出发点,对现代人普遍存在的>逃避自由<的现象做出了深刻分析,他借鉴弗洛伊德创立的精神分析方法,挖掘出现代人逃避自由的真正心理根源。弗洛姆的>逃避自由<的思想不仅能帮助寻求一种解决生存困境的途径,而且对积极自由之路的探寻和对理性信仰的构建以及对健全社会的设想都具有巨大的启示意义。本文基于前人研究的成果,在弗洛姆学术思想体系背景下,梳理了弗洛姆逃避自由思想的主要内容以及其论证进路,企图从弗洛姆对理想人格、理性信仰和健全社会的阐述中,挖掘解决个人自由却孤独的生存困境的启示。本文分为三个部分,第一部分阐释了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想产生的社会背景和理论渊源;第二部分主要是勾勒弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想的主要内容和弗洛姆论证现代人为何逃避自由的线索;第三部分分析了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想在揭示现代人生存困境、描绘理想性格、阐述理性信仰以及构建健全社会的启示,最后对这一思想理论的不足和存在的缺陷做一个简要的评析. N2 - Erich Fromm was an important member of the Frankfurt School in the 1920s. His outstanding theoretical contribution is that he combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist philosophical theory and creatively put forward the idea of >escape from freedom< When he was concerned about the living situation of modern people, he revealed the imperfection of the capitalist social structure and made a profound analysis of the common phenomenon of >escape from freedom< by taking the character structure of modern people as the starting point. Fromm's idea of >escape from freedom< not only helps to find a way to solve the dilemma of existence, but also has great inspiration for the search of the path of positive freedom, the construction of rational beliefs and the conception of a sound society. Based on the results of previous researches, this paper, against the backdrop of Fromm's academic system of thought, examines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and the way forward in his argumentation, and attempts to find insights for solving the dilemma of individual freedom but loneliness in Fromm's exposition of the ideal personality, rational faith and sound society. The first part explains the social background and the theoretical origin of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom; the second part outlines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and Fromm's arguments for why modern man escapes from freedom. The third part analyzes the revelation of Fromm's idea of >escaping from freedom< in revealing the dilemma of modern human existence, depicting ideal character, expounding rational beliefs and building a sound society, and finally makes a brief analysis of the inadequacies and defects of this idea and theory. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - The Dialectical Relationship between Happiness and Morality from the Perspective of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [论幸福与道德的辩证关系 - 以弗洛姆《爱的艺术》为视角], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 古希腊时期开始,幸福与道德的关系问题就一直受到哲学家们所关注,时至今日,随着消费主义的横行以及随之而来的全社会的幸福危机和道德危机的侵袭,幸福与道德的关系问题历久弥新,值得一再探讨。作为对当代幸福危机与道德危机的正面回应,我们首先必须正确认识幸福与道德的内涵及其关系。幸福不是作为纯粹感官愉悦的快乐,也不是完全个体的心灵愉悦的满足,幸福是作为使得人与人相紧密联系的现实的、实践的幸福而存在。道德同样不是空洞的道德口号和完全他律的道德规则,道德有其社会性,道德来源于社会,道德的健全依赖于社会的健全,不健全的社会下必然是不健全的人,而不健全的人必然是不健全的道德的怀揣者。幸福和道德有其内在的统一机制:即在社会中,在社会性的实现过程中,实现两者的统一。任何以二分的方式对幸福与道德进行断裂式的划分都是错误的,甚至是别有用心的。企图通过将幸福装饰成为可以通过消遣、消费而直接获得的感官与物质需求的满足,更是不道德的表现。所以打破幸福与道德两者的悖论关系不仅在理论上是必要的,在应对和改变社会现状方面更是尤为重要。弗洛姆《爱的艺术》这本书正是对试图打破幸福与道德相悖的现状所做的努力,试图通过爱的途径实现两者的内在统一性。弗洛姆笔下的>爱<不是软弱无力的个体之爱,弗洛姆的>爱<是苍劲有力、具有建设性的>爱<,是社会个体你我相连的现实之爱、实践之爱。用爱的理论贯通幸福与道德的联系,用爱的实践构建幸福的社会、道德的社会、爱的社会,不仅在理论上是可行的,在实践中更是具有至关重要的作用。 N2 - In ancient Greece, the relationship between happiness and morality has been increasingly a major concern. With the life being occupied by consumerism and the ethical crisis, the relationship of happiness and morality become a timeless legal issue, which has been added to more brand-new significations. As a positive response to contemporary moral crisis and crisis of happiness, we must correctly understand the connotation and relationship between happiness and morality firstly. Happiness is not the pleasure of pure sensual, nor the satisfaction of a purely spiritual pleasure of the individual, happiness is the existence of the reality, the practice of happiness, which is closely linked with people. Moral rule is not an empty slogan and the same moral heteronomy completely. Morality has its social, moral form the social, moral sound depends on social sound. Unsound society is not necessarily perfect, not perfect people is not necessarily a sound moral with them. There is an inherent unity between happiness and morality, which is to get the unity in society. It is immoral to try to decorate the happiness as the satisfaction of the senses and the material needs that can be obtained directly through recreation and consumption. Therefore, it is not only necessary to break the paradox between happiness and morality, but also to deal with and change the social situation. Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< is an attempt to break the status quo of happiness and morality in an attempt to achieve the inner unity of them. Fromm’s >love< is not a week and feeble individual love, it is vigorous and constructive, the love of practice which connected with reality. Using the theoretical love to link happiness and morality. Using the practical love to achieve the inner relationship. It is not only feasible in theory, but also plays an important role in practice. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yang T1 - Analysis of Love from the Perspective of Ethics [伦理学视角下分析爱], JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 8 (2017), pp. 97-98. N2 - 什么是真正的爱似乎每个人都有自己的看法,本文从伦理学角度出发,结合相关文学作品分析什么是真正的爱,爱与喜欢,爱的本质,什么样的例子不算是爱。从这三点出发,最后得出结论爱是付出、是给予,而我们在理解了什么是真正的爱以后要学着去爱。 N2 - What is true love seems everyone has their own views, this article from the ethical point of view, combined with related literary works analysis of what is real love, love and love, the nature of love, what kind of example is not Be love. From these three points, we conclude that love is giving, giving, and we learn to love after we understand what is true love. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiong, Chen T1 - Research on Humanitarian Socialist Ideology of Fromm [弗洛姆人道主义的社会主义思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011. N2 - Since the birth of the human being, he has never give up the pursuit and fantastic images of a better society in the future. >Utopia< is the synonymous with such ideas. In the mid-19th century, to some extent, the birth of Marxism ended all the past >Utopia< Ideology, but in the twentieth century, because of the changes and development of socialist movement, kinds of new >Utopia< are revival in the socialism research, Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology is the part. Fromm anastomosed the ideology of Freud and Marx, trying to find a new channel in the current thoughts of socialism, making people’s liberation come true. He looked closely at contemporary society of his time as a psychologist philosopher and sociologists, including the capitalist society and the living conditions, and then he put forward his reform initiatives to achieve real humanitarian socialism.– The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive survey of Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology. Firstly, this article reviews the time of Fromm and the social background of the socialist ideological, and then analyses the basic point of his idea, including his analysis on the capitalist, the existence of the situation of surveys and a new interpretation of Marxism. Then it expounds Fromm’s humanitarian socialist thinking: which includes expectation of all-healthy man and society, various reform measures for the implementation of this. At last of this article makes a brief comment on Fromm’s Ideology.– I think Fromm’s study not only provided many new perspective and view for us to study the capitalist society, but also a new research to improve and develop Marxism. His analysis on the social disorder in capitalist and various aspects of the reforms provide great reference and practical value for our current ongoing reform. N2 - 自人类诞生以来,就从来没有放弃过对未来美好社会的幻想和追求,而>乌托邦<即是这种思想的代名词。十九世纪中期,马克思主义的诞生从某种程度上宣告了过去所有>乌托邦<思想的终结,但是进入二十世纪后,由于世界社会主义运动的变化发展,各种新的>乌托邦<思想在社会主义研究中重新复活,弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想即是其中的一部分。弗洛姆融合了弗洛伊德和马克思的思想,试图从各种社会主义的潮流中找出一条新的通道,从而真正实现人的解放。他从自己所处的时代出发,以一个心理学家、社会学家和哲学家的眼光来审视当代的一切,包括资本主义社会和人的生存状况等,然后提出自己的改革措施,以图实现真正的人道主义的社会主义,本文的目的就是全面的考察弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想。本文首先考察了弗洛姆所处时代的社会背景和他的社会主义思想的理论根源;然后分析他思想的出发点,包括他对资本主义的分析、对人的生存状况的考察和对马克思主义的重新解释;接着论述了弗洛姆人道主义社会主义思想的内容,其中有他对健全的人和健全的社会的期待,以及为实现这种期待而提出的种种改革措施;最后就弗洛姆的思想作出了一个简单的评价。笔者认为,弗洛姆对人的重要性的深入研究,不仅为我们认识资本主义社会提供了许多新的视角和看法,而且为我们不断完善和发展马克思主义提供新的研究视域。他对资本主义病态社会所进行的种种赤裸裸的剖析及对此而提出的各方面的改革措施,无不对我国当前正在进行的改革有着重大的参考价值和实践价值。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yao, Dingyi A1 - Chen, Jinxuan T1 - Re-interpretation of Marx's Concept of Man by Fromm [重新解读弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》——兼与张一兵先生商榷] JF - Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) [四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2006), pp. 5-12. N2 - Fromm insists on the belief that there is just one Marx and holds that the humanism expressed in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 by the young Marx is the soul ruling the whole Marxism, which he expounds in his representative work Marx’s Concept of Man. Although there are historical limitations and mistakes in Fromm’s thought, his interpretation of Marx’s thought is worth serious considering, for Fromm’s thought is of referential significance and theoretical value in the current study. N2 - 弗洛姆坚持只有一个马克思,认为青年马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》之中所表述的人本主义思想是统摄整个马克思思想的灵魂。在他的代表作《马克思关于人的概念》中,弗洛姆比较详尽地论述了这一观点。弗洛姆的思想虽然有其历史的局限性和错误的方面,但他对马克思思想的解读值得我们认真思考,对于我们当前研究马克思思想的本质有一定的参考意义和理论价值,而张一兵先生在解读弗洛姆时贬低马克思《手稿》的科学性也是值得商榷的。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Chaobing A1 - Chen, Yuanyuan T1 - The Study of Erich Fromm's Ethical Thoughts of Love [弗洛姆爱的伦理思想探析] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2010), pp. 292-294. N2 - 爱的理论,是弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的核心内容。他从精神分析学的角度系统地研究和阐述了爱的伦理问题。爱的本质在于给予,任何形式的爱都包含关心、责任、尊重和了解等基本要素。他呼吁以生产性性格为目标培养人的爱的能力,作为对人类生存问题和当代西方社会爱的缺乏问题的回答,这对于我们思考和1解决当前中国社会中人的生存问题具有重要的启发。 N2 - The theory of love is the core content of the ethical thought of Fromm humanitarian point of view from psychoanalysis systematic study and exposition of the ethical issues of love, the nature of love is to give any form of love with care, responsibility, respect and understanding of the basic elements he called on the productive character to cultivate people's capacity for love, love the lack of answer to the question of human survival and contemporary Western society, for us to think and solve current social human the problem of existence, has an important inspiration. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Xiaohong T1 - Ethical Predicaments in Ian McEwan’s Major Novels, PhD thesis [伊恩•麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境], English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. T2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him a N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him and one winning the Booker Prize, McEwan is now lauded for the ethical vision in his works. Throughout his writing career, ethics have been his major concern, which require further studies. This dissertation is devoted to the exploration of ethical predicaments in his three major novels, aiming to shed light on the continuity and evolution of his investigation of ethics throughout his career. Varied ethical predicaments characterize McEwan’s major novels, including the paradox of freedom, the ethical dystopia, and the ethical dilemma. Each predicament is a response to the particular ethical concerns of his time, demonstrating artistic features of a specific phase of his career as well. >Ethics< not only refer to the accepted beliefs, principles, and rules about right and wrong that guide people in their conducts, but also encompass the contextualized personal understandings of right and wrong. Derived from >ethics<, >ethical< though it can suggest >morally< correct, >always denotes< of or relating to ethics in this dissertation unless specified as otherwise. Predicaments are particular situations that the individual finds difficult and unpleasant. Ethical predicaments as discussed in this dissertation refer to unpleasant situations where it is difficult or impossible for the individual to act rightly. It is discovered that ethical predicaments occupy a vital position in most of McEwan’s novels. Furthermore, the major ethical predicaments in his fiction generally follow a line of development, in response to the changing ethical concerns of his time and his developing artistic techniques and vision. In view of manageability, this dissertation focuses on ethical predicaments in McEwan’s three representative novels – >The Cement Garden<, >The Child in Time<, and >Atonement< – identifying a distinctive ethical predicament in each one, so as to reveal the continuity and development in his treatment of ethical predicaments. Chapter One consists of a brief introduction of McEwan’s standing in Contemporary British literature, a review of English and Chinese scholarship on Ian McEwan, with particular focus on ethical criticism, a definition of the key terms, and then a brief introduction of the scope and structure of the dissertation. Chapter Two investigates the predominant ethical predicament in The Cement Garden the paradox of freedom, with three sections respectively dealing with the ethical anarchy, the positive freedom, and the problematic freedom. Central to this chapter is the argument that the paradoxical features of freedom trap the children in an ethical predicament. Before plunging into concentrated discussions, the chapter first briefly examines the philosophical and cultural influence on McEwan, which may account for his special treatment of freedom in this debut novel.– Section One investigates how the children arrive at ethical anarchy through gradual removal of parental authorities. In the light of Erich Fromm’s theory, it could be discerned that the family is based on an authoritarian ethical system which forces the children to subjugate their freedom to conformity to social norms. Through subverting the patriarchal control and challenging the mother as a teacher of moral precepts, the children eventually enter an ethically anarchic situation.– The ensuing section, centering on the positive freedom, aims to uncover the constructive role freedom plays in reforming traditional ethics. Cross-dressing and incest, the children’s >deviant< behaviors, are often interpreted as signs of depravation brought about by their newly gained freedom. Admittedly, in ordinary circumstances the children’s transgressive acts seem pathological; however, with McEwan’s special artistic representation, their >deviance< affirming spontaneity and creativity, could be read as a critique of the oppressive, hypocritical facets of traditional ethics.– Section Three explores the other side of the paradox – the problematic freedom, disclosing the nothingness and loneliness resulting from their ethical anarchy. Without parental authorities in the house, there is no absolute criterion of moral goodness for the children who have not yet learned to create new values by themselves to confer meaning to life. Consequently, the children experience an excruciating sense of nothingness. Besides, their newfound freedom also results in agonizing loneliness, or a deep sense of unconnectedness, for the removal of the old authoritarian ethical system severs the established interpersonal relations, which, though oppressive to the children in varied ways, used to provide them with a sense of belonging. The markedly different directions the children take when freely developing their individuality also add to their loneliness. Therefore, freedom plays a constructive role in reforming the traditional ethics, but it also tends to bring about distressing nothingness and loneliness. This paradox of freedom constitutes the major ethical predicament in the novel, demonstrating the author’s critical reflections on the ethos of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as his preoccupation with the private domain and the inner world in his early works. Chapter Three moves to examine the ethical predicament in >The Child in Time< – the ethical dystopia – a fearful futuristic situation where the individual is involved in moral corruption or problematic ethical relations. This chapter also falls into three sections, focusing on the moral corruption of the political arena, the vulnerability of marital relations, and the disharmony between nature and humans. A brief examination of the related circumstances in Thatcher Britain precedes the detailed discussions.– Section One probes into the moral corruption of the political arena in the futuristic society, concentrating on the unsettling social injustice indulged by the government and the politicians’ abandonment of ethical principles. As for the first aspect of corruption, McEwan is mainly concerned with the distributive injustice, that is, the abandonment of fairness in the distribution of wealth and benefits among the people. For the second, the author mostly delves into the politicians’ dishonesty.– Section Two focuses on the vulnerable marital relations caused by male dominance. Stephen’s attempt to impose his outlook on Julie aggravates their marriage crisis, while Charles’ assumption that Thelma should act like a self-sacrificing mother distorts their marital relationship.– Section Three inquires into the disharmony between nature and humans, disclosing that humans’ lack of environmental ethics leads to the tattered ecosystem. To be more exact, McEwan seems to suggest that it is the government’s and males’ materialistic, anthropocentric view of nature that is largely responsible for the environmental crisis. On the whole, the chapter reveals three major dimensions to the ethical dystopia portrayed in the novel. It could be seen that the specific ethical concerns in the 1980s Britain and McEwan’s broadened vision carry forward his exploration of ethical predicaments. Chapter Four is devoted to the investigation of ethical dilemma in Atonement, examining in turn young Briony’s ethical dilemma, the ethical dilemma in war, and Briony the writer’s ethical dilemma. McEwan’s recent preference for character-led novels is briefly analyzed at the beginning to account for his scrutiny of ethical dilemma in most of his later novels.– Section One probes into the ethical dilemma that traps young Briony, analyzing the portrayal of the dilemma within two narrative frameworks so as to reveal its rich ethical implications. As a reader unaware of the revelation in the coda, one is invited to penetrate the surface of a personal dilemma to uncover the root causes of young Briony’s quandary rather than focus on the dilemmatic situation. However, when the coda is revealed, the motive behind such representation becomes suspicious.– Section Two explores the soldiers’ ethical dilemmas in the Dunkirk retreat, identifying their >prohibition dilemma< and >obligation dilemma<. McEwan’s vivid portrayal of the soldiers’ internal struggles in the dilemmatic situations lends a fresh perspective to the mythologized historical event.– Section Three examines the ethical dilemmas facing Briony the writer, focusing on her >externally-imposed ethical dilemma< and >self-imposed ethical dilemma<. The economic base proves to be the root cause of Briony the writer’s dilemma as to whether she should persist in publishing her novel or not. In this sense, the dilemma is externally imposed on Briony. Briony imposes another ethical dilemma on herself when attempting to atone through writing. Therefore, this chapter primarily investigates three major ethical dilemmas in the novel, demonstrating McEwan’s exertion to reveal the subtlety and complexity of ethical predicaments.– Chapter Five concludes the dissertation with a short summary of its main contents, which is followed by a brief account of the social and cultural backgrounds of the urgent ethical issues McEwan responds to in his major novels. It also examines the relevance of McEwan’s novels to our time by placing them in the postmodern context, finally winding up the discussions about ethical predicaments by placing McEwan in an enduring tradition. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩如今已是蜚声当代英国文坛的大家,其作品得到了批评家和读者的一致赞誉。但在其事业早期,他的小说却因聚焦暴力、死亡、性乱等主题而备受争议,他也因此被戏称为>阴森的麦克尤恩<。三十多年的创作生涯中,麦克尤恩一直不断推陈出新,其后期作品的风格也与早期小说迥然不同,然而值得注意的是,在任何创作阶段麦克尤恩从未放弃对伦理困境的关注与探索,可以说伦理困境贯穿了其所有作品。批评家已经关注到麦克尤恩小说特殊的道德力量,但从伦理角度进行的研究仍处在起步阶段,伦理困境在其创作中的特殊地位尚未得到重视,这对于麦克尤恩小说研究来说不能不说是一个缺憾。因此本文尝试从伦理的角度切入,挖掘其主要小说中不同的伦理困境,以期揭示其创作中的传承与创新。麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境包括:自由的悖论,伦理反乌托邦,以及伦理两难之境。小说中的每一个主要困境都来自他对时代伦理问题的关注与思考,同时也体现了他在不同创作时期的艺术特色。>伦理<在本文中主要指人们行动中所需遵循的是非观念与原则,同时也包含具体情境下人们对于是非的特殊认识与体验;>困境<意为困难的处境。伦理困境兼有两者之意,在此困难处境中人们或面对两难的伦理选择,或无法逃脱不道德的生活。研究表明,伦理困境在麦克尤恩的每部小说中都有体现,且呈现出阶段性的发展脉络,总体来说呼应了时代伦理环境的变化以及其自身艺术技巧的提升。将麦克尤恩的所有小说作为研究对象将更为理想,但考虑到论文写作的实际条件,本文将仅探讨其三部主要小说《水泥花园》、《时间中的孩子》、《赎罪》中的伦理困境,因所选小说为麦克尤恩三个创作阶段的代表作,其中的伦理困境也具有一定的代表性。本文共分五章。第一章为引语,简要介绍了麦克尤恩在当代英国文坛的重要性,并对国内外的麦克尤恩研究进行了一番梳理,指出了研究中尚存的不足,然后厘清了论文中所涉及的关键术语,最后介绍了论文的选题与结构。第二章探讨了《水泥花园》中的主要伦理困境,即自由的悖论,主要从伦理无序状态、积极的自由、以及消极的自由三方面切入。本章首先简述了小说创作背后的哲学及文化思潮,突出了时代的自由精神对于小说主题的影响。主体部分从探讨水泥花园中的孩子们如何摆脱传统伦理体系的约束开始,分析了家庭中紧张的代际关系,揭示了孩子们摆脱父权压制的欲望与行动,以及他们最终到达的伦理无序状态。自由具有积极意义,自由的获得释放了孩子们被压制的天性与创造力,营造了平等、宽容的气氛。汤姆的异性装扮以及姐弟的乱伦常被认为是伦理无序中的道德堕落或迷误;诚然,以传统道德标准来评判或者脱离小说情境来判断,两种现象几乎都是无法接受的变态或反常行为,然而,麦克尤恩所采用的一系列艺术手法、以及其对具体情境的凸显暗示了另一种伦理指向,引导读者注意反常行为可能具有的积极伦理维度。但是自由同时又带来痛苦,对传统伦理价值的否定以及伦理关系的颠覆使人陷入无尽的虚无与孤独。自由内在的悖论造成难以回避的伦理困境,这是麦克尤恩对二十世纪六七十年代自由精神的反思;同时小说探索自由悖论时对私密领域、个体心理的关注也体现了他早期小说的特色。第三章剖析了《时间中的孩子》所展现的伦理反乌托邦困境。在麦克尤恩创造的未来社会中,政界道德腐化、家庭婚姻关系脆弱、人与自然极端对立,个体处于无法逃脱的伦理困境之中;小说中的伦理反乌托邦影射了撒切尔政府时期英国的社会状况。社会分配的不公,政治家道德的堕落,两者有力地揭示了政界的腐化。根深蒂固的男权思想或加剧家庭矛盾或扭曲婚姻关系,男权思想既体现在丈夫将自我的世界观强加于妻子,又表现在对妻子无私母性的期望,两者都将预设的角色强派给女性。在人与自然的关系中,人类对环境伦理的漠视是两者关系紧张的主要原因;麦克尤恩暗示读者,政府以及男性的人类中心主义、工具理性破坏了人与自然的和谐。当然,仅以性别判断个体的世界观或者行为似乎不妥,麦克尤恩在2008年的采访中也承认这是浪漫主义的假想。本章共揭示了伦理反乌托邦困境的三个维度,由此可见,麦克尤恩一直积极关注当代英国社会的伦理问题,其创作视野也更趋广阔,两者将他对伦理困境的探索带入了一个新的阶段。第四章阐释了《赎罪》中的伦理两难之境,探讨了童年布里奥尼进退维谷的窘境、战争中军人的两难伦理选择、以及作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境。本章首先简要论述了麦克尤恩在创作后期对于人物主导型小说的青睐,这也许可以解释为何伦理两难之境成为麦克尤恩伦理困境探索的新焦点。对于童年布里奥尼的窘境小说中着墨并不多,但它具有不可忽视的伦理涵义。小说未突出小布里奥尼在进退维谷的窘境中如何选择,而是侧重表现她如何陷入这一窘境,以及窘境背后的社会、文化根源。这一表现策略在布里奥尼的作家身份未显现时可能会得到读者的赞同,然而身份一旦表明,这一表现策略的伦理涵义即发生改变,读者也必须重新阐释小布里奥尼的伦理窘境。小说第二部分展示了军人在敦刻尔克大撤退中所遭遇的伦理两难处境,促使读者以新的视角看待这一历史事件;其两难处境主要分为禁令两难和责任两难。本章最后讨论了作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境,困境一涉及小说的出版,困境二与布里奥尼坚持以写作赎罪紧密相关,从根本来讲,前者是外加的伦理两难之境,后者是自我强加的困境。本章中探讨的三大伦理两难之境表明,麦克尤恩在后期作品中更侧重于揭示伦理困境的复杂与微妙,这与其创作理念的变化相呼应。第五章对全文进行了总结,分析了每部主要小说所呼应的时代伦理问题,并在后现代文化与文学背景之下审视麦克尤恩小说的重要性,最后指出伦理困境的文学表达古已有之,而麦克尤恩的贡献在于他对于新时代伦理问题的高度关注与深刻思考,以及在表现手法上的探索。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jia, Yanyan A1 - Chen, Houliang T1 - >Love of Life< Versus >Love of Death<: A Frommian Perspective on Charles Johnson’s >Middle Passage< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Literature and Art Studies: English Version [文学与艺术研究:英文版], Vol. 5 (No. 3, 2015), pp.181-190. [DOI, fulltext: 10.17265/2159-5836/2015.03.004] N2 - According to Fromm, the life instinct constitutes the primary potentiality in man, while the death instinct a secondary potentiality, and which of the two prevails depending crucially on the living conditions that the subject experiences during his or her childhood. Not limited to the individual level, Fromm‘s observation works on the collective level as well. Different environments foster different potentialities and lead to the formation of different cultures and ethics. A biophilic ethics treasures the value of love, peace, reciprocal altruism and unity of being, while a biophobic ethics is more addicted to hatred, violence, dualistic confrontation, and mutual destruction. Applying Fromm‘s theory to the interpretation of Charles Johnson‘s >Middle Passage< , readers can get a newly enlightened understanding of this award-winning masterpiece. Based on Fromm‘s hypothesis about human nature, this article analyzes the representation of the confrontations between the biophobic ethics and the biophilic ethics in this novel, the former being embodied by Captain Falcon‘s >syndrome of decay< which is also Johnson‘s critical metaphor of Western civilization, while the latter embodied by the Allmuseri culture‘s >syndrome of growth< which represents Johnson‘s idealistic imagination of the sum of non-Western civilization. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Biao T1 - Psychoanalysis and Religion [精神分析与宗教] JF - Psychology of Religion [宗教心理学], No. 00 (2017), pp. 3-42. N2 - 精神分析是从神经症和精神病的治疗实践中发展出来的一个非学院的心理学派,它强调用临床观察法研究人的病态行为,探索无意识、情欲、动机等人的深层心理,并以此对人的心理和人格做出解释。弗洛伊德、弗洛姆和埃里克森等精神分析大师,通过人的病态心理,探讨了宗教与人的心理的密切关系,从而得出宗教对人心理建设的重要性的结论。 N2 - Psychoanalysis is a non-academic psychology developed from the treatment of neurosis and psychosis. It emphasizes the use of clinical observation to study human morbid behavior and explore the deep psychology of unconscious, lust, motivation and others; and to explain the human psychology and personality. The psychoanalysts such as Freud, Fromm and Eriksson explored the close relationship between religion and human psychology through human morbid psychology, and concluded that religion is important to the construction of human psychology. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaoxing A1 - Peng, Xiaodong T1 - On >Emotional Education< – From >Love between Parents and Children< [>情感教育<浅议——从《父母与孩子之间的爱》说起] JF - Middle School Chinese [中学语文], No. 30 (2019), pp. 101-102. N2 - 听过一堂公开课。一位老师讲解弗洛姆的《父母与孩子之间的爱》一文。在讲解完课文内容之后,老师布置了一项活动。关闭门窗,关闭灯光,配着音乐,老师声情并茂地朗诵了一篇歌颂父母之爱的散文。在倾听老师朗读的过程中,确有一些学生感动得热泪盈眶。读完后,老师请学生说说>你想对父母说些什么<,几个同学说完、老师简评之后,老师又播放了一首歌颂母爱的歌曲,在歌声中结束了教学……从老师设计的教学活动 … N2 - Listened to a public class. A teacher explains Fromm's >Love between Parents and Children<. After explaining the text, the teacher arranged an activity. Closing the doors and windows, turning off the lights, and accompanied by music, the teacher recited an essay in praise of his parents' love. While listening to the teacher reading aloud, some students were indeed moved to tears. After reading, the teacher asked the students to say >what do you want to say to your parents?< After a few classmates spoke and the teacher gave a short comment, the teacher played another song chanting mother love, and ended the teaching in the singing ... Teacher-designed teaching activities … Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Aihua T1 - China Social Sciences News [中国社会科学报] (06-20-2016). JF - China Social Sciences News [中国社会科学报] (06-20-2016). N2 - 西方马克思主义伦理理论形态是在对发达资本主义社会(或发达工业社会)的现状及其意识形态以及诸伦理关系实然样态及其伦理问题的反思、批判中生成发展的。其中蕴涵了西方马克思主义学者对发达资本主义社会现状及其意识形态以及诸伦理关系实然样态的剖析,对其本然逻辑追问和对其 N2 - The form of western Marxist ethic theory is generated and developed in the reflection and critique of the present situation of the developed capitalist society and its ideology, as well as the ethical problems of ethical relations. Which contains the Western Marxist scholars on the status of developed capitalist society and its ideology and ethics of the relationship between the analysis of the actual pattern, its logical inquiry and its natural. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jie T1 - The Inheritance and Development of Marx's Humanistic Thought 弗洛姆对马克思人学思想的继承与发展 JF - People’s Tribune 人民论坛, No. 35 (2016), pp. 112-113. N2 - 弗洛姆人学思想对马克思主义人学思想的继承主要表现在三个方面:一是人的自由问题思想的继承;二是关于人的本质、人的需要、人的异化理论内容上的继承;三是社会和历史的理论研究方法上的继承。 N2 - In this paper, the inheritance of Marx's theory of humanism is mainly manifested in three aspects: one is the inheritance of the thought of human freedom, the other is about human nature, human needs and human alienation the inheritance of theoretical content; third is the inheritance of social and historical theoretical research methods. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Siyu T1 - The Generation of Totalitarianism – The Incubation and Complementation of Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< 极权主义的产生——对埃里希•弗洛姆《逃避自由》的梳理及补充 JF - Yangtze River Series 长江丛刊, No. 26 (2016), pp. 13-14. N2 - 精神分析学学说是奥地利精神病医生、心理学家弗洛伊德创立的,但是他有一个致命的缺点,他的全部学说都关于人的生物性,而不注重人的社会性。对此一些精神分析学家们不断批判地发展弗洛伊德的学说。作为精神分析社会文化学派代表人物的埃里希•弗洛姆将精神分析应用到对资本主义的社会批判上,形成了独特的精神分析人本思想。弗洛姆的《逃避自由》就是在这个基础上诞生的,它探讨了现代人的性格结构及有关心理因素和社会因素的相互作用,其中最重要的部分是对纳粹主义心理学的分析。 N2 - The theory of psychoanalysis is created by the Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist Freud, but he has a fatal flaw in that all of his doctrines are about human biologicality and not on human. The some psychoanalysts have criticized the development of Freud's doctrine. As a representative of the psychoanalytic social and cultural school, Erich Fromm applied psychoanalysis to the social critique of capitalism, forming a unique psychoanalysis of human thought. Fromm's >”Escape from Freedom< is born on this basis, it explores the modern character structure and the interaction between psychological factors and social factors, the most important part of which is the analysis of Nazi psychology. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mou, Yiming A1 - Chen, Di A1 - Li, Meihui T1 - >Journey to the West< in the Modern Interpretation of the Classic Scenes [《西游记》经典场景在现代作品中的再演绎] JF - Literature Education (Part Two) [文学教育(下)], No. 1 (2016), pp. 30-32. N2 - 作为永恒的经典,西游记一直是中外学者们研究的课题,前人对《西游记》的再创造及影视改编上作出了很多贡献。但在对《西游记》的改编所反映的社会心理问题上,却很少有所联系,本文中,我选择弗洛姆的逃避自由观和荣格的相关理论来阐释西游记改编带来的变化所反映的社会心理,并结合当今具体的具有热点性质的社会现象作为补充佐证。 N2 - As a timeless classic, >Journey to the West< has been the Chinese and foreign scholars who study the subject, the predecessors of the >Journey to the West<, the film adaptation of the re-creation and made many contributions. But in the social and psychological issues, >Journey to the West< adaptation reflect, rarely have contact in this article, I chose to Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< Concept and Jung's theories to explain the adaptation of Journey to the West brought changes reflected in social psychology, and with today's concrete social phenomena hot property as a supplement evidence. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, Linyan A1 - Chen, Yue T1 - Reflections on Fromm's Theory of Social Character [关于弗洛姆社会性格理论的思考] JF - Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 6 (2022), pp. 1-8, 121. N2 - Chinese abstract not available.] Fromm is one of the representatives of Frankfurt School. He creatively combined the theories of Marx and Freud to form a unique Marxist theory of Freud. Among the many concepts of his theory, the theory of social character is a very representative innovation. In this paper, Fromm’s social character theory is fully displayed based on its background, meaning characteristics, function significance, and how Fromm uses it to analyze the real society. On this basis, it dialectically analyzes the enlightenment brought by the contribution and deficiency of this theory. [English: www.cnki.net, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Man T1 - The Problem of Freedom in the Movie >Xún qiāng< – Based on Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [电影《寻枪》中的自由问题 – 基于弗洛姆的《逃避自由》] JF - Mixed Accent, No. 1 (2023), pp. 84-87. N2 - 弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中认为,人们在一定时期内对自由的逃避是社会进程的产物。逃避自由的第一种机制是放弃个人自我的独立倾向而臣服于权威。权威并非必然是来自具体的个人或组织机构,也可以来自如道德良心之类的无形压迫。如果前者被称为外在权威,那么后者就是一种内在权威,且内在权威像外在权威一样实行严厉统治。电影《寻枪》作为一部悬疑片,实际上也体现了现代人的自由困境,主人公马山丢失的手枪便是权威的象征。他只有在臣服于权威并寻回手枪后,才能重获自由。 N2 - In >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm argues that people's escape from freedom over a period of time is a product of social processes. The first mechanism of escape from freedom is the abandonment of the independent tendencies of the individual self in favor of submission to authority. Authority does not necessarily come from specific individuals or organizational institutions, but can also come from invisible oppressions such as moral conscience. If the former is called external authority, then the latter is an internal authority, and the internal authority rules as harshly as the external authority. The film >Xún qiāng< [>The Missing Gun<], as a suspenseful film, actually embodies the dilemma of modern human freedom. Only after he submits to the authority and retrieves the pistol can he regain his freedom. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ruijie T1 - Fromm's Thought of Love and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆爱的思想及其当代启示] JF - JinGu Creative Literature [今古文创], No. 43 (2021), pp. 60-61. N2 - 爱是人类生存的需要,爱情的结合是人类克服生存孤独感和恐惧感的重要途径。当代社会,消费为导向的市场经济体制环境使人难以做到专注,对待婚姻和爱情更加随意,还有独生子女家庭对孩子的溺爱,使之缺乏独立性和责任意识。弗洛姆关于爱的理论,对解决现代婚恋问题有一定的指导意义,需要个人、家庭、学校和社会的多方合力,使人们树立正确的婚恋观,在爱情中能够实现双方的共同成长。 N2 - Love is the need of human survival, and the union of love is an important way to overcome the loneliness and fear of human existence. In contemporary society, the environment of the consumer-oriented market economy makes it difficult for people to concentrate and treat marriage and love more casually, and the indulgence of children in one-child families makes them lack independence and responsibility. Fromm's theory on love has certain guiding significance for solving modern marriage problems, which requires the joint efforts of individuals, families, schools and society, so that people can establish a correct concept of marriage and realize the mutual growth of both parties in love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 1/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Shiqi T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Humanism – From the Perspective of Marxism, Master thesis, Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2021. N2 - Erich Fromm(1900.03 – 1980.03)is not only a famous psychologist, philosopher and sociologist in the 20th century, but also a Western Marxist and one of the main representatives of Frankfurt school. He has made great achievements in many disciplines. Although his thought is broad, humanism is the core and an important symbol of his thinking system. China today has built a well-off society in an all-round way, and people’s livelihood is still the focus of attention. Fromm’s humanistic thought can also bring enlightenment for the Chinese government to improve public services and better meet the needs of the people. At the same time, in order to realize a harmonious society, we must enrich Marx’s thought of >human<, because it can promote the Sinicization of Marxism and implement the requirements of >people centered<. Fromm’s detailed description of the situation of people in the capitalist society makes us more aware of the real state of people in the capitalist society, which can not only resist the unhealthy trend of thought, but also make the development of Chinese society more stable. The study of Fromm’s humanism still has a certain reference value for us to study today’s capitalist society, especially the modern western society with highly developed commodity economy. Therefore, Fromm’s theory still has profound theoretical value and practical significance today, which is worth learning. This paper studies Fromm’s humanistic thought from the following four aspects: The first part is about the formation and development of Fromm’s humanism. We mainly discuss from two aspects, namely, the formation background and the theoretical source. The first angle is the theoretical background of Fromm’s humanistic thought, mainly including the collision of the three trends of thought and Fromm’s choice of thought; the second angle is Fromm’s personal experience. We introduce his family experience and academic experience, and discuss the influence of his personal background on his thoughts. We mainly discuss Fromm’s humanism from four aspects: how to inherit Marx’s humanism, how to carry forward Freud’s humanism, how to develop Maslow’s humanism and Frankfurt School’s humanism. This part summarizes and combs Fromm’s humanistic thought. This paper explores Fromm’s ideological system from three perspectives: the view of existence, the view of human nature and the view of freedom. Based on the analysis of Fromm’s works, this paper tries to restore the whole picture of Fromm’s humanistic ideological system. The third part focuses on the theoretical characteristics of Fromm’s humanistic thought. Taking >human< as the fundamental is the logical starting point of Fromm’s humanistic thought. Fromm describes the general nature and sociality of human, because human is always his most concerned problem. At the same time, Fromm also has a common characteristic of Frankfurt School scholars, he is also very good at using criticism to construct theory. He criticized from two dimensions of human and society. Most importantly, his value pursuit of human liberation makes his theory full of humanism and humanistic care. Finally, from the perspective of Marxism, this paper examines and analyzes Fromm’s humanistic thought. This paper affirms the constructiveness of Fromm’s humanistic thought in many fields, such as human nature theory, capitalist research, and the healing of society and human beings. On the other hand, it also finds its limitations by digging deeply into Fromm’s humanistic thought. The main mistake lies in the misinterpretation and deviation of some theories from Marxism. In addition, it also discusses the Contemporary Enlightenment of Fromm’s humanistic thought, that is, to reasonably enrich Marx’s >human< thought, to strengthen the direction of guiding social construction, and to continue to care about the living situation and mental health of modern people. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - Study on Fromm's Consumption Alienation Thought [弗洛姆异化消费思想研究], Master thesis, Philosophy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China 2021. N2 - Fromm is the representative figure of Western Marxism, is the international famous psychoanalysis humanism philosophers and psychologists Fromm based on humanism, chose cross perspective of philosophy, psychology, puts forward the unique analytical humanistic issues on human nature, he will be the macroscopic theory of Marxism and psychoanalysis of microscopic method, develop the research on the study of Marxist philosophy. Fromm proposed digestion of consumption alienation method, as well as consumption alienation research has important reference value for future generations. This article through three chapters to Fromm’s consumption alienation thought systematically in this paper, the first chapter elaborated Fromm’s consumption alienation thought source of social and cultural background and theoretical knowledge, Fromm’s rise in a consumer society disadvantages of capitalism appeared era, the development of people is faced with many grave problems In such a background, people gradually enveloped in content, is controlled by things Fromm actively seek to eliminate consumption alienation more advice on how to build a sound society. He absorbed Marx, Lukács, Marcuse’s theory of alienation to put forward his own theory of alienation of consumption. The second chapter is the main body of this paper, discusses from five sections, the first is Fromm definition of consumption alienation, in Fromm’s view, consumption alienation refers to the consumer in the consumer behavior, loss of subjectivity, consumption from means become purposes. The second is for researches in the cause of alienation spending, Fromm’s think that the emergence of consumption alienation has internal and external two aspects Internal cause is the person to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, and the external cause is the pursuit of capital logic of capitalism, when value become capitalists focus, and the goods was abstracted into things. A third is Fromm the hazard analysis on consumption alienation Fromm’s thought consumption alienation will bring freedom illusion and false happiness can make a real loss of consumption experience can make the human to dry up four is Fromm to eliminate consumption alienation idea, he thought that if you want to build a healthy social, psychological and society as a whole to change simultaneously. From the psychological changes, Fromm’s claim to adhere to the survival way of life, to establish the productive character In terms of social change, Fromm advocated to the whole capitalist society economic, political and cultural change Fromm believed that as long as individuals and society worked together to reform, good results would be achieved. Five is the analysis of the value of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory, the theory has its rationality and limitations of anyone, Fromm’s consumption alienation idea is no exception Its superiority lies in the expanded the Marx’s theory of alienation, is on Marx inherited the spirit of the age, in addition, Fromm’s theory of man’s subjective spirit also attaches great importance to, but still cannot cover the defect of its theory, which has a dream. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Ying T1 - An Analysis of Jim’s Pursuit of Freedom in >Lucky Jim< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - While Kingsley Amis‘s novel >Lucky Jim< shows the anger and disillusionment of 1950s British youth, it also contains Amis’s still-positive attitude towards British young people like himself who are in a predicament. Focusing on the two core concepts of Fromm’s theory of freedom, negative freedom and positive freedom, written within the same historical period as Kingsley Amis’s >Lucky Jim< (1954) and Jim’s transcendence from negative freedom to positive freedom as the research object, this thesis deeply interprets the disillusionment, awakening and self-reconstruction in Jim’s journey to true freedom.– The study found that: the social culture, hypocritical academic environment, weird interpersonal relationships, and the fettered and immature personality of Jim himself all induce him to pursue a negative freedom through by escaping responsibility and rebelling against middle-class culture and social traditions traditionally enjoyed by postwar capitalist society. However, these radical actions, which Fromm called >negative freedom<, did not bring Jim spiritual relief, but brought him alienation and disillusion. The alienation and disillusion brought about by Jim’s pursuit of negative freedom, which makes Jim wake up from his negative freedom and seek a new way of freedom. Ultimately, Jim’s pursuing for freedom transforms from negative freedom to positive freedom through spontaneous love for Christine and a series of creative activities to regain his true self and a sense of belonging. This self-reconstruction gives Jim the courage to face his destiny and choose to reconnect with the outside world and enjoy healthy human relationships. And with the favorable changes of the external political, economic and cultural environment, Jim finally frees himself from the sufferings of his negative freedom, and finds the true path to positive freedom. This study attempts to show that neither avoiding responsibility nor seeking one’s psychological escape through rebellion can solve the survival dilemma suffered under the influence of negative freedom. And only when we can live and love spontaneously in a positive way, and actively establish a close connection with the world, can we get out of the predicament and obtain true freedom. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 5/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Siqi T1 - Fromm's Theory of Consumption Alienation and Its Practical Relevance [弗洛姆的消费异化理论及其现实启示] JF - Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位·经典], No. 6 (2021), pp. 35-38. N2 - 弗洛姆的消费异化理论及其现实启示消费异化理论是弗洛姆思想的重要组成部分,他在《健全的社会》一书中,利用大量篇幅阐述了消费异化理论。在弗洛姆看来,消费欲望已经远远超出了人们真实的需要,人们已经分不清真实需要与虚假需要,人们追求的不再是商品的使用价值,而是对欲望的满足,对虚假需要的满足。弗洛姆创造性地将马克思主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说结合起来运用于对消费异化的分析。弗洛姆的消费异化理论有着深刻的现实意义,对于改善我国现实中的消费问题具有重要的借鉴意义。 N2 - The theory of consumer alienation is an important part of Fromm's thought, and he used a lot of space to expound the theory of consumer alienation in his book >The Sane Society<. In Fromm's view, the desire for consumption has far exceeded people's real needs, and people can no longer distinguish between real needs and false needs, and what people pursue is no longer the use value of goods, but the satisfaction of desires and false needs. Fromm creatively combines Marxism and Freud's psychoanalysis in the analysis of consumer alienation. Fromm's theory of consumer alienation has profound practical significance, and is of great significance for improving the consumption problem in China. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 5/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xueming T1 - Fromm's Studies of the Good Life and Its Insights [弗洛姆对美好生活的研究及其启示] JF - Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 3 (2021), pp. 32-43. N2 - 贯穿在弗洛姆的理论中的一条主线就是对美好生活的研究。这一研究对于正在致力于破解人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾、疾步前进在追求美好生活的道路上的中国人民来说,具有重要的参考意义。首先,弗洛姆对马克思主义、社会主义的实质和目标的论述启发我们把满足人民群众对美好生活的追求作为奋斗目标。其次,弗洛姆关于人的本性的研究有助于我们确定美好生活的内涵。第三,弗洛姆对>存在<与>占有<两种生活方式的分析有助于我们把握美好生活的根本标准。第四,弗洛姆把>工作<与<爱<作为实现美好生活的途径,为我们探索如何走向美好生活提供了借鉴。最后,弗洛姆把美好生活与自由联系在一起,启示我们在实现美好生活的过程中必须正确地对待自由。 N2 - One of the main threads running through Fromm's theory is the study of the good life. This study has important reference significance for the Chinese people who are working to break the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, and are marching forward on the road of pursuing a better life. First, Fromm's discussion of the essence and goals of Marxism and socialism inspires us to take the satisfaction of the people's pursuit of a better life as the goal of our struggle. Secondly, Fromm's research on human nature helps us to determine the connotation of the good life. Thirdly, Fromm's analysis of the two ways of life, >to be< and >to have<, helps us to grasp the fundamental criteria of the good life. Fourthly, Fromm's analysis of >work< and >love< as the way to achieve the good life provides us with a reference for exploring how to achieve the good life. Finally, Fromm links the good life with freedom, which enlightens us that we must treat freedom correctly in the process of realizing the good life. . [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yanhong T1 - Modern Man’s Predicament and Salvation – Thematic Research on >Mr. Sammler's Planet< [现代人的困境与救赎 – 《赛姆勒先生的行星》的主题研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 索尔·贝娄是20世纪美国犹太裔作家,曾获得普利策奖、诺贝尔文学奖以及美国国家图书奖,被视为海明威与福克纳之后美国最著名的作家之一。贝娄作品运用独特的叙述手法表达对社会堕落的强烈批评,传达他对人类生存状态以及个体内心世界的深刻思考和人文关怀。《赛姆勒先生的行星》是贝娄的代表作之一,也是贝娄转折期的一部重要作品,1969年获美国国家图书奖。小说主人公赛姆勒先生在纽约三天生活的所见所闻所思再现了美国60年代社会的真实特征与状况。如同大多数现代人,赛姆勒先生与其他小说人物遭受了巨大的生存困境,但最终走出了困境。本文结合艾瑞克·弗洛姆的人本主义心理学与美国60年代的社会文化背景,探讨了现代社会里现代人的内在精神困境、外在生存困境以及实现救赎的途径,阐释了贝娄对现代人的人文关怀及其生存状态的严肃思考。本文主要由三部分组成:引言、主体、结论。引言部分主要介绍了索尔·贝娄及其作品,国内外《赛姆先生的行星》的研究状况以及本文的理论框架和结构安排。主体部分由三章组成。第一章分析了赛姆勒先生对异化与疏离的无奈、遭遇疯癫时的不安以及道德堕落时的焦虑,由此探讨了现代人的内在精神困境。第二章分析了赛姆勒先生所处的自然环境与社会环境、所遭遇的犯罪与暴力威胁以及人际关系异化与不和谐,由此探讨了现代人的外在生存困境。第三章分析了赛姆勒先生重获内心安抚与身份意识,给予青年一代爱与责任以及与喧嚣世界的和解,由此探讨了现代人的救赎之路。结论部分总结了本文的主要观点,即:作为现代人的代表,赛姆勒先生在遭遇内在心理困境与外在生存困境时努力寻找出路,最终走出困境,表明了现代人应该以积极与乐观的态度面对生活与未来,表达了贝娄对现代人及其生存境遇的人文关怀。 N2 - Saul Bellow, a Jewish American novelist who won the Pulitzer, the Nobel Prize for Literature and the National Book for Fiction in the 20th century, is regarded as one of the most renowned and significant writers of America after Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. Bellow applies his unique narratives in his works to express his strong condemnation of social depravity and convey his profound thinking and humanistic concern about human living conditions and the individual inner world. Winning American National Book Award in 1969, >Mr. Sammler’s Planet< is one of the masterpieces of Bellow, and an important work during Bellow’s turning period. The protagonist, Mr. Sammler, experiences a three-day life in New York, which represents a real situation of American society in the 1960 s. Just like most of the modern people, Mr. Sammler and other characters in the novel suffer from serious predicament, but finally get out of it. Based on Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychology, this thesis explores modern man’s mental predicament and living dilemma as well as subjective salvation in modern society by combining American social and cultural context in the 1960 s to illustrate Bellow’s humanistic concern for modern man and his deep thinking about living conditions. The thesis consists of three parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion. The introduction provides an introduction of Saul Bellow and his representative works, a literature review of >Mr. Sammler’s Planet< both at home and abroad, the theoretical basis and the layout of this thesis. The body is made of three chapters.– The first chapter explores modern man’s mental predicament by analyzing Mr. Sammler’s helplessness in the face of alienation and isolation, his agony of suffering from madness and his anxiety of experiencing moral bankruptcy.– The second chapter mainly discusses modern man’s living dilemma in social life by analyzing the natural and social environments in which Mr. Sammler lives, his experience of suffering the threat of crimes and violence as well as his experience of alienation and disharmony of interpersonal relations.– The third chapter examines modern man’s salvation by analyzing how Mr. Sammler regains inner consultation and identity consciousness, embraces the young generation with love and responsibility, and reconciles himself with the chaotic world.– The conclusion part summarizes the main points of this thesis, arguing that as a representative of modern people, Mr. Sammler makes his efforts to seek salvation and gets out of trouble when suffering from mental predicament and living dilemma to reveal that modern man should maintain a positive and optimistic attitude toward life and future, which shows Bellow’s humanistic solicitude for modern people and their living circumstances. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jian T1 - Several Fables in >Zhuangzi< from the Perspective of Western Power Theories [西方权力理论视阈下的几则《庄子》寓言] JF - New Horizons from Tianfu [天府新论], No. 1 (2021), pp. 58-71. N2 - 本文借助福柯、弗洛伊德、马克思等人的权力理论分析《庄子》中儒生入仕、伯乐治马、不材之木、哑雁命薄等几则寓言。颜回、颜阖等儒生的仕途危机暗讽臣子才德只能迎合滥施酷刑的君主权力,其抑制君权的忠义仁孝等灵魂技术也类同于弗洛姆诊断的权威主义。相应地,孔子教导的心斋并非入仕之法,而是消解以尘世大他者欲望和法则为核心的自我理想,将知识分子引向不得已为之的机械化状态,从而破坏整个封建圣人之治抑或>大他者集体<,进入拉康的拓扑第四环>圣症<。庄子继而通过伯乐对野马的治理隐喻以古代人种学为基础的规训权力和生命权力,揭示圣人之治实则是煽动智巧竞赛和利欲争斗的人性堕落>集中营<,这同样预警当今资本权力以生产利润指标鲸吞人性和自然的危机。在对这世俗权力的揭批和自我理想的湮灭之上,庄子以实体即主体(天人合一)的思维,在大他者空缺中为知识分子指出了不材之木的人生道路,暗示他们必须如坏木、神木、毒木那般>不才权力<才能逃脱权力的规训和惩罚,但同时他也借哑雁被宰杀的故事担忧材与不材之间的艰难抉择,并指出天道的超时空拯救力。 N2 - This article draws on the power theories of Foucault, Freud and Marx to analyze several parables in Zhuangzi, such as the entry of Confucian scholars, the treatment of horses by Bole, the wood of untalented people, and the thin fate of the dumb goose. The crisis in the career of Confucian scholars such as Yan Hui and Yan Helu implies that the talent of the subject can only cater to the power of the abusive monarch, and that the soul techniques of loyalty, benevolence and filial piety that inhibit the power of the monarch are similar to Fromm's diagnosis of authoritarianism. Accordingly, Confucius's teaching of the heart is not a way to enter the world, but a way to dissolve the ideal of the self, which is centered on the desires and laws of the earthly Other, leading intellectuals to a mechanical state of necessity, thus destroying the entire rule of the feudal sage or the >Great Other Collective<, and entering the fourth loop of Lacan's topology, the >holy disease<. Zhuangzi goes on to reveal that the rule of the sage is in fact a >concentration camp< of human decadence that incites intellectual competition and lucrative rivalry, through the metaphor of the governance of the wild horse by the bole, which also warns of the crisis of the present-day capitalist power to whale away humanity and nature with its profit-producing targets. On top of the criticism of this worldly power and the annihilation of the ideal of the self, Zhuangzi uses the thinking of the entity as the subject (the unity of heaven and man) to point out for intellectuals the path of life of untalented wood in the vacancy of the Great Other, suggesting that they must be >untalented in power< like bad wood, divine wood, and poisonous wood in order to escape the discipline and punishment of power, but at the same time he also uses the story of the mute goose being slaughtered to worry about the difficult choice between untalented and untalented wood, and He also uses the story of the slaughter of the mute goose to worry about the difficult choice between material and nonmaterial, and to point out the power of the heavenly path to save. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Chen T1 - Eros Dilemma in Artistic Ideal of Psychoanalytic-Marxism – On Lacan’s Inspiration to Žižek [精神分析马克思主义艺术理想中的爱欲困境——兼论拉康对齐泽克的启示] JF - Research on Marxist Aesthetics [马克思主义美学研究], No. 1 (2024), pp. 162-174, 477. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Fromm and Marcuse, as Psychoanalytic-Marxist theorists, constructed their artistic ideal of liberating human nature and improving society on the basis of Freud’s theory of Eros. Fromm attempted to establish a harmonious and united community of self and others with the art of love. However, his biased interpretation of Freud and the fantasy of universal love led to an incomplete social critique, thus turning the art of love into an idealistic dilemma. Marcuse emphasized the emancipatory function of love and art, which is regarded as an important opportunity to break through the repression of human nature by the principle of reason. However, his artistic ideal has also exposed its inherent contradictions at both theoretical and practical levels. Ultimately, it is reduced to an aesthetic utopia. Facing the dilemmas mentioned above, Lacan’s analysis and critique of the imaginative dimensions of Eros and art in his seminars have provided some inspirations. Under his influence, Žižek developed an ideological critique method entitled >going-through-the-fantasy<, which reminds people to be alert to the combination of psychoanalysis and Marxism. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Xiurong T1 - 佛洛姆(Erich Fromm)的政治思想 [The Political Thought of Erich Fromm], Doctoral dissertation, Political Sciences, Institute of the Three Principles of the People National Chengchi University, Wenshan District, Taipei,Taiwan 1990. N2 - 本文的主旨是企圖對佛洛姆的政治思想從事一全面性的了解,並加以評價性的討論。關於了解部分,乃是先設定一個研究架構,就其思想背景、人性理論、個人與社會的調適論、自由與權威的並重論以及世界新秩序的建立途徑,分別加以說明,並進一步指出其政治思想的重心以及整個體系之所在。關於討論部分,則在每章陳述佛氏思想內容之後,列出專節根據當代重要政治思想家某些論點與佛氏思想作比較並加以評論,最後又在全文的結論中,列舉佛氏思想的創義,作較深入的討論,以突顯其思想的主要價值並指出與當代改革潮流的相關性。本文的具體處理共分九章,約三十餘萬字。每章的標題如後:第一章緒論;第二章思想背景;第三章自我肯定的人性論;第四章個人與社會的互動關係;第五章不完全的社會;第六章健全的個人與健全的社會;第七章自由與灌威的協調; 第八章世界新秩序的建立;第章結論--對佛洛姆思想的一個評價。 N2 - The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Fromm's political thought and to discuss it in an evaluative manner. In the section on understanding, we first set up a research framework to explain the background of his thought, the theory of human nature, the theory of the accommodation of the individual and society, the theory of the coexistence of freedom and authority, and the way to establish a new world order, and further point out the focus of his political thought and where the whole system is located. In the discussion section, after each chapter presents the content of Fromm's thought, a special section is set out to compare and comment on Fromm's thought according to some of the arguments of important contemporary political thinkers, and finally, in the conclusion of the whole paper, the originality of Fromm's thought is listed and discussed in greater depth in order to highlight the main value of his thought and point out its relevance to contemporary reform trends. The specific treatment of this paper is divided into nine chapters of about 300,000 words. The titles of each chapter are as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Background of Ideas; Chapter 3: Self-Affirming Humanism; Chapter 4: Interaction between Individual and Society; Chapter 5: Incomplete Society; Chapter 6: Sound Individual and Sound Society; Chapter 7: Reconciliation of Freedom and Inculcation; Chapter 8: The Establishment of a New World Order; and Chapter 8: Conclusion: An Evaluation of Chapter 8: The Establishment of a New World Order; Chapter 9 Conclusion: An Evaluation of Fromm's Thought. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 11/2022] Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - GEN A1 - He, Chen T1 - Study on Alienated Consumption of Rural Students in Secondary Vocational Schools and Educational Countermeasures from the Perspective of Class Management, Master thesis, Vocational Education, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Since the 18th National Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new historical stage, and people’s quality of life and sense of well-being have been significantly improved in the midst of continuous economic and social development. The profound changes in the main social contradictions in the new era have brought profound changes in people’s consumption concepts, and such changes are especially evident among adolescent students. Due to their special teaching mode, secondary rural students have their own characteristics in their consumption behavior. The selected topic takes secondary rural students as the research object and school X in central Hunan as the research site, mainly studying the alienation phenomenon in the consumption behavior of rural students in this school, which includes the investigation of the current situation of consumption, the manifestation of the alienation of consumption behavior, the harm of the alienation of consumption behavior, the causes, and how to carry out the guidance and correction of errors based on the perspective of classroom management in response to these problems, and putting forward effective educational guidance countermeasures, and devoting to help them to establish correct consumption concepts and realize the healthy growth of rural middle school students. The literature research method, survey research method, and statistical analysis method were adopted for the selected study. The literature research method mainly uses Baudrillard’s symbolic consumption, Fromm’s critical theory of alienated consumption, Marxist view of consumption, Skinner’s reinforcement theory, and defines the concepts related to consumption, alienated consumption, and secondary school rural students, and uses these theories to analyze the consumption alienation behavior of rural students in secondary schools, the survey research method mainly conducts targeted questionnaires and interviews on the consumption behavior of rural students in school X in central Hunan. The statistical analysis method is to use the statistical method to analyze and categorize the research situation. Through the study, we found that the phenomenon of consumer alienation among secondary rural students is more common, and the generation of this phenomenon is closely related to the social environment and also closely related to the guidance of school education. School is a place to cultivate talents, and it is the duty of secondary schools to guide rural students to form a correct view of consumption. From the perspective of class, to eliminate the alienation of consumption behavior of rural secondary school students, we must strengthen the educational management awareness of all aspects of class management, clarify the educational management responsibilities, including class teachers, class teachers, class organizations, individual students, etc. and gather the strength of all aspects to form a synergy of educational management, so as to help rural secondary school students form a correct view of consumption and eliminate the phenomenon of alienation in the consumption behavior of rural secondary school students. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luo, Songtao A1 - Chen, Keyu T1 - From Labor Alienation to Criticism of Existential Alienation – Based on Fromm's Thoughts on Marx's Humanism [从劳动异化到生存异化批判——基于弗洛姆对马克思人学思想的思考] JF - Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 3 (2021), pp. 72-79. N2 - 作为西方马克思主义中新弗洛伊德主义的代表,弗洛姆强调在西方人道主义传统中理解马克思的人学思想。在《马克思关于人的概念》一文中,弗洛姆深入解读了马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的>人的本质<和>异化劳动<这两个关键问题。针对现代西方资本主义社会中人的生存异化困境,弗洛姆沿着马克思批判异化劳动的思路,着重揭批了自由异化、爱的异化、消费异化等三种异化状况。弗洛姆的生存异化批判虽然发人深省,却仍带有非历史的抽象人性论色。 N2 - As a representative of neo-Freudianism in Western Marxism, Fromm emphasizes the understanding of Marx's humanistic thought in the Western humanistic tradition. In his Book >Marx's Concept of Man<, Fromm provides an in-depth reading of the two key issues of >the nature of man< and >alienated labor< in Marx's >Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844<]. In response to the alienation of human existence in modern Western capitalist society, Fromm follows Marx's critique of alienated labor and focuses on three alienating conditions, including the alienation of freedom, the alienation of love, and the alienation of consumption. Although Fromm's critique of existential alienation is thought-provoking, it is still characterized by an ahistorical abstract humanism. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Jifenglin T1 - The Exploration of Individual Freedom in Tennessee Williams’ >The Night of the Iguana<, Master thesis, World Literature, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Tennessee Williams (1911-1983) is renowned as one of the most outstanding American playwrights in the 20th century. >The Night of the Iguana<, written in 1961, depicts the ambivalent figure of Reverend Shannon, who yearns for social acceptance yet refuses to be bound by its norm. In the twentieth century, the social structure of America changed greatly due to the development of capitalism, and the conflict caused by the cultural difference between the North and the South forms one of the common themes in Williams’ works. With the prevalence of capitalism and the change of modern mainstream ideology, those who have changed some of the old ideas, whereas have not been completely assimilated into modern thought, represented by Shannon, are portrayed as the social marginals struggling with inner contradictions in Williams’ works. Based on Erich Fromm’s theory of freedom, this thesis interprets >The Night of the Iguana< by analyzing Shannon’s contradictory thoughts and behaviors in his process of pursuing individual freedom. It attempts to present how the marginalized people in modern capitalist society realize the freedom of individual’s full expression of his real personality by resisting the spiritual paralysis and oppression in society. This thesis consists of three parts. Firstly, it analyzes the protagonist’s self-consciousness against social knowledge, and explores the way to get rid of the automaton conformity by revealing the protagonist’s subversion of several stereotyped images perceived by the society. Subsequently, it discusses how Shannon establishes non-utilitarian interpersonal relationship under the influence of modern capitalist society. Then this thesis focuses on the natural setting in the play, exploring how the marginalized people who are isolated due to social exclusion build their secondary bonds with nature, so as to obtain spiritual salvation. Shannon’s pursuit of individual freedom exposes the shackles that the mainstream ideology of capitalist society imposes on modern people’s individuality. In addition, his exploration of both the internal and external world provides the possibility to break the shackles and realize the freedom of individual’s full expression of his real personality. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaofeng T1 - May You Be Treated Tenderly – The Teaching Design of Third Grade Counseling Classes [愿你被温柔以待——三年级心理辅导课教学设计] JF - Jiangsu Education [江苏教育], No. 12 (2024), pp. 82-84. N2 - 小学三年级学生对于生命的认识和理解处于起步阶段,他们需要正确认识生命的价值和意义,学会珍爱生命。心理学家弗洛姆曾说过:>尊重生命,尊重他人也尊重自己的生命,是生命进程中的伴随物,也是心理健康的一个条件。<心理健康教师可以从尊重动物的生命入手,培养学生的同理心、爱心和责任心,引导他们从关爱动物到珍爱自己与他人的生命。 N2 - Students in the third grade of elementary school are at the beginning of their knowledge and understanding of life, and they need to correctly recognize the value and meaning of life and learn to cherish it. The psychologist Fromm once said, >Respect for life, for others as well as for one's own life, is a concomitant of the process of life and a condition of mental health.< Mental health teachers can begin by respecting the lives of animals, cultivating empathy, love and responsibility in students, and guiding them from caring for animals to cherishing their own lives and the lives of others. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 7/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yue A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - On the Phenomenon of >Buddhism< among College Students Based on Fromm’s Theory of >Escape from Freedom< [从弗洛姆>逃避自由<谈大学生>佛系<现象] JF - Journal of Beijing City University, No. 1 (2023), pp. 65-69. N2 - The >Buddhist< culture itself, as a subculture, is usually characterized by the coexistence of rationality and sensibility and the coexistence of aggressiveness and anxiety. The choice of “Buddhist” life for college students is an escape to a certain extent. They leave their families and come to a relatively free university. A sense of loneliness and powerlessness is generated, which leads them to defend themselves to relieve pressure, thus the psychological phenomenon of >escape from freedom< appears. However, there is a certain pragmatism while escaping. This seemingly free and easy >Buddha system< Mentality actually has a negative impact on the subjective well-being of college students. In Fromm’s view, freedom has dual meanings. These college students who advertise as >Buddhist youth< are in the predicament of freedom. However, in reality, some college students choose to escape from negative freedom to overcome their inner loneliness. This paper analyzes this phenomenon based on Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom<, and attempts to propose a path to achieve positive freedom and help college students pursue positive freedom. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Min A1 - Chen, Anqi T1 - A Study on the Characteristics of the Thought on Social Psychoanalysis and the Explanation of Its Contemporary Values [>社会心理分析<的思想特质及其当代价值诠释)] JF - Journal of Xidian University (Social Science Edition) [西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2023), pp. 114-122. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm, the representative of the school of psychoanalytic Marxism, developed the personal psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud’s traditional psychoanalysis into >social psychoanalysis< on the basis of Marxism from the large theoretical perspectives of social existence of social conscience to analyze and make a criticism on the characteristics, essence and treatment of the common psychological problems of capitalist society. >Social psychoanalysis< is not only the inheritance and development of Marx’s theory but also the further development of psychoanalysis psychology. This theory has a unique charm in western Marxist research such as integration of ideological resources, intersection of theoretical results, and reality of value meaning. The comprehensive review of this theoretical characteristics broadens the perspective of the application research of current Chinese Marxism theory, promotes Chinese psychology free from western cultural hegemony and innovates the development path with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of the theory of Marxism and provides some insights and references for building a positive, healthy, rational and peaceful social mentality. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 3/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jian A1 - et al., T1 - Validation of existential fulfillment scale in Chinese university students JF - Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 15 (2025), pp. 1-11. [Online ISSN 1664-1078] [doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1497422] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Introduction: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Existential Fulfillment Scale (EFS) in a Chinese university student sample, emphasizing the cultural fit of the scale. Methods: A cohort of 1,600 undergraduate students from six universities in Fujian Province completed questionnaires including the EFS, Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Index of Well-Being (IWB), and Self-Depression Scale (SDS). We conducted item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and assessments of criterion-related validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results: The Chinese EFS consists of two dimensions – self-acceptance and self-breakthrough – across 14 items, reflecting cultural distinctions from the original model by combining the dimensions of self-actualization and self- transcendence. This revised structure aligns with Chinese cultural perspectives on individual growth, where self-actualization often integrates aspects of self-transcendence. The scale showed positive associations with the MLQ and IWB and a negative association with the SDS, supporting the scale’s criterion-related validity. Internal consistency ranged from 0.87 to 0.97, and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.75 to 0.83. Discussion: These findings indicate that the Chinese EFS is a reliable tool for assessing existential fulfillment among Chinese university students. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Weihua T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Theory of Alienated Consumption, Master thesis, Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Alienated consumption, as a special phenomenon of the industrial era, has seriously damaged people’s physical and mental health. It has not only led to the collapse of the moral world within humans, but also triggered a severe crisis of human survival. Facing such a realistic dilemma, Fromm deeply revealed the close connection between consumption and human freedom and liberation. He delved into the inner world of modern humans and conducted a thorough analysis of human pain and anxiety. He believed that alienated consumption is like a heavy shackle that binds individuals in a capitalist society. Alienated con¬sumption makes people suffer from the rule and oppression of the objects, they have created with their own hands. Based on his profound criticism of the capitalist consumer society, he raised his voice and advocated a new way of a humane consumption, to break free from the shackles of materialistic indulgence. The theory of alienated consumption proposed by Fromm is rooted in the background of the era of industrialized mass production, and deeply reveals the internal evolution of capitalist consumer society. Given the serious consequences brought by the industrial society, people’s illusions about industrial civilization have been shattered. Starting from a radical socialist critical perspective, Fromm drew on the essence of diverse ideas such as Marx, Freud, Buddhism, and Judaism, and denounced the destruction and oppression of alienation on human spirit and body. He delved into the causes of alienated consumption and the serious consequences arising from it from both the individual and social levels. In the end, Fromm actively explored effective ways to solve the problem of alienated consumption in both social and individual dimensions, providing valuable theoretical references for addressing the challenges brought by capitalist consumer society. From the perspective of historical materialism, Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption enriches the manifestations of Marx’s theory of alienation and opens up a new approach to exploring human needs from the depths of one’s inner world. However, essentially, Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption is an ex¬ploration with reformist tendencies. Unlike Marx, it fails to transcend abstract humanitarianism and is ulti¬mately constrained by it, resulting in a certain degree of deviation from historical materialism. Therefore, when studying Fromm’s theory of alienated consumption, we must adopt a critical attitude, deeply analyze its theoretical connotation, fully explore its positive significance in promoting the theory of green con¬sump¬tion, and draw lessons from it. In the process of promoting a new socialist consumption relationship, we should adhere to the principle of seeing both material and human aspects, and jointly promote the construction of a new socialist consumption culture from multiple perspectives such as society, collective, and individual. We must not neglect the importance of the revolution in political economy, and always remember that critical weapons cannot replace the criticism of weapons. By sublating alienated consump¬tion, we can promote the healthy development of socialist consumption relations. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yongqian T1 - An Undercurrent in Life – Sexless Families [生活中的一股潜流——无性爱家庭] JF - China Healthcare & Nutrition [中国保健营养], No. 6 (2000). N2 - 德国近代著名精神分析学家、社会学家、哲学家和新弗洛伊德主义创始人埃里希·弗洛姆,在《爱的艺术》中指出:>性爱是一种非他的意愿与承诺的行为。人们认为性爱关系一旦出现差错就应分道扬镳的观点,就如同即使感情破裂都不必解除这种关系的观点一样错误。<也许,这种生涩的语言并没有被芸芸众生所重视,但是,在他们各自的家庭生活中,却时时在印证这种观点的正确性和存在性。简言之,就是>无性爱家庭<并不都会解体。 N2 - Erich Fromm, a famous modern German psychoanalyst, sociologist, philosopher and founder of neo-Freudianism, pointed out in >The Art of Loving<: >Sex is an act that is not his will and commitment. The view that people should go their separate ways once a sexual relationship goes wrong is as wrong as the view that there is no need to dissolve the relationship even if the relationship breaks down.< Perhaps this awkward language is not taken seriously by the masses, but in their respective family lives, it constantly proves the correctness and existence of this view. In short, >sexless families< do not all disintegrate. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2000 ER -